CN113865551B - Air-ground combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for high slope and river double steps and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Air-ground combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for high slope and river double steps and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000001999 Transcription Factor Pit-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010040742 Transcription Factor Pit-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
- G01C9/18—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
- G01C9/18—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids
- G01C2009/182—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids conductive
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- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
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Abstract
The empty-ground combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for the double steps of the high side slope and the river channel comprises an unmanned plane, a soil displacement monitoring device and a high side slope sliding monitoring device, wherein the soil displacement monitoring device is positioned in the river channel, and the high side slope sliding monitoring device is positioned in the high side slope; the soil mass displacement monitoring device comprises a steel shell, a central rod piece, a fixing bolt, a transmission antenna, a laser lens, an anchoring device, a threaded port, a limit baffle, a rotating shaft, a piston, a hydraulic five-way pipe, an anchoring horizontal pile, a horizontal displacement monitoring device, a power supply, an ammeter, data transmission equipment and a drill bit, wherein the high slope sliding monitoring device comprises a positioning rod, a sliding surface monitoring unit, a high-strength spring, a guide rod, a steel thimble, a pressure position sensor and an upper transmission unit; an infrared thermal imaging camera and a laser range finder are arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle. And an operation method of the monitoring and early warning system is provided. The intelligent early warning system has an intelligent early warning function and can ensure the safety of foundation pit engineering construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of foundation pit excavation monitoring, and particularly relates to a system for realizing foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning by adopting an idea of air-ground combination and a method for operating the same, wherein the system is suitable for complex geological conditions of a high slope and double steps of a river channel.
Background
With the further development of large capital construction in China, the utilization of underground space is paid more attention to, underground public facilities such as subways and underground express ways are successively built in a plurality of cities, and the facilities are built without foundation pit engineering. Because of the great improvement of the building density in the city and the increasing complexity of the geological environment, a plurality of foundation pits are closely adjacent to large buildings, mountain and river channels, and the like, asymmetric bias voltages are formed on two sides of the foundation pits, potential safety hazards are brought to the construction of foundation pit engineering, and engineering accidents caused by some bias voltages are also seen at report ends. Foundation pit engineering is a foundation of a building, determines the long-term performance of the building, influences the life and property safety of surrounding masses, and needs close attention of urban constructors.
The foundation pit engineering in the complex geological environment of the double steps with a permanent slope on one side and a river channel on the other side is more complex in stability and deformation calculation and more difficult to predict due to the influence of high bias voltage. At present, the research on the influence rule of high bias voltage on foundation pit engineering at home and abroad is less, and the deformation rule under the complex geological condition is not clear. Therefore, the foundation pit engineering construction is performed in such a complex geological environment, and the deformation of the high slope and the river channel needs to be closely monitored. The existing foundation pit monitoring device and system are generally used for foundation pit engineering under symmetrical load conditions, can not realize deformation monitoring of a high slope and a river channel, or can not be used for foundation pit engineering monitoring under high bias conditions because the deformation monitoring of the high slope and the river channel is less, inaccurate and not real-time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the existing foundation pit monitoring system and the operation method thereof cannot monitor the deformation of a high side slope and a river channel, or the deformation monitoring of the high side slope and the river channel is less, inaccurate and not real-time and cannot be used for foundation pit engineering monitoring under the condition of high bias, the foundation pit excavation is monitored and early-warned under the condition of complex geology of the double steps of the high side slope and the river channel in an air-ground combined manner, and the blank of the foundation pit engineering detection system under the condition of the high side slope bias is filled. The system not only can be applied to foundation pit engineering monitoring under the condition of high side slope high bias voltage, but also has an intelligent early warning function, and can ensure the safety of foundation pit engineering construction.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the empty-ground combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for the double steps of the high side slope and the river channel comprises an unmanned plane, a soil body displacement monitoring device and a high side slope sliding monitoring device, wherein the soil body displacement monitoring device is positioned in the river channel, and the high side slope sliding monitoring device is positioned in the high side slope;
the soil body displacement monitoring device comprises a steel shell, a central rod piece, a fixing bolt, a transmission antenna, a laser lens, an anchoring device, a threaded port, a limit baffle, a rotating shaft, a piston, a hydraulic five-way pipe, an anchoring horizontal pile, a horizontal displacement monitoring device, an inclination angle sensor, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, conductive liquid, a power supply, an ammeter, data transmission equipment and a drill bit, wherein the steel shell is in threaded connection with an outer ring of the threaded port; the central rod piece is connected with the threaded opening inner ring through threads, and the lower end of the central rod piece is fixedly connected with the limit baffle; the fixed bolt is connected with the upper end of the central rod piece through threads; the transmission antenna is fixedly connected with the fixing bolt; the laser lens is fixedly connected with the transmission antenna; the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the limit baffle; the hydraulic five-way is connected with the anchoring device; the upper piston of the hydraulic five-way valve is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft; the anchoring horizontal pile is fixedly connected with a lower piston of the hydraulic five-way valve; the inclination angle sensor is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device; the positive electrode is fixedly connected with the inclination angle sensor; the negative electrode is fixedly connected with the inclination angle sensor; placing the conductive liquid in an inclination angle sensor; the power supply is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device; the ammeter is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device; the data transmission equipment is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device; the drill bit is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device;
the high slope sliding monitoring device comprises a positioning rod, a sliding surface monitoring unit, a high-strength spring, a guide rod, a steel thimble, a pressure position sensor and an upper transmission unit; the positioning rod is inserted into a reserved hole site of the sliding surface monitoring unit, a transmission antenna is arranged at the upper end of the positioning rod, the transmission antenna is fixedly connected with the upper transmission unit, the sliding surface monitoring units are arranged in a vertically stacked mode, and a high-strength spring is fixedly connected with the sliding surface monitoring units in each sliding surface monitoring unit; the guide rod is fixedly connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit; the steel thimble is fixedly connected with the high-strength spring; the pressure position sensor is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the sliding surface monitoring unit on the adjacent upper layer;
and an infrared thermal imaging camera and a laser range finder are installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Further, in the soil displacement monitoring device, the upper piston of the hydraulic five-way valve is connected with the rotating shaft through an adhesive; the anchoring horizontal pile is connected with the lower piston of the hydraulic five-way pipe through an adhesive; the positive electrode is connected with the inclination angle sensor through an adhesive; the negative electrode is connected with the inclination angle sensor through an adhesive; the power supply is connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device through an adhesive; the ammeter is connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device through an adhesive; the data transmission equipment is connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device through an adhesive.
Still further, the high slope sliding monitoring device further comprises a data transmission device, a Bluetooth Mesh transmitting antenna and a Bluetooth Mesh receiving antenna, wherein the data transmission device is connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit through an adhesive; the Bluetooth Mesh transmitting antenna is connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit through an adhesive; the Bluetooth Mesh receiving antenna is connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit through an adhesive.
The high slope sliding monitoring device further comprises universal balls, wherein the universal balls are embedded into the top surfaces of the sliding surface monitoring units on the adjacent lower layers;
an operation method of an empty-land combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for high side slope and river double steps comprises the following steps:
1) The soil displacement monitoring process comprises the following steps:
1.1 At a certain moment, the soil body at the bottom of the river channel is subjected to sedimentation and horizontal displacement;
1.2 The unmanned aerial vehicle sends laser through the laser range finder, the distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the soil body displacement monitoring device is measured after the laser lens receives the laser, and the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle is obtained through the positioning system, so that the height change of the soil body displacement monitoring device, namely sedimentation, is calculated;
1.3 The horizontal displacement monitoring device is inclined to drive the inclination angle sensor to incline, but the liquid level of the conductive liquid is kept horizontal, the negative electrode is a long resistance wire, the effective resistance of the conductive liquid changes due to the change of the liquid level, the four negative electrodes respectively show the trend of rising and falling through the current of the ammeter, and the inclination angle of the liquid level can be calculated according to the change of the four current amounts measured by the ammeter;
1.4 Data reporting and early warning, the sedimentation and horizontal displacement data measured by the soil displacement monitoring device are sent to the monitoring system through the transmission antenna, and when the sedimentation and horizontal displacement reach a preset threshold value in the monitoring system, the monitoring system is triggered to alarm;
2) The high slope sliding monitoring process comprises the following steps:
2.1 At a certain moment, the soil body in the high slope slides along the imaginary sliding surface;
2.2 The two sliding surface monitoring units corresponding to the depth of the imaginary sliding surface in the high slope sliding monitoring device are subjected to relative displacement;
2.3 Because the high-strength spring exists at the bottom of the steel thimble, the steel thimble always props against the pressure position sensor of the last sliding surface monitoring unit, and the relative displacement of the sliding surface monitoring unit changes the pressure position monitored by the pressure position sensor;
2.4 The change of the pressure position is received by the data transmission equipment and is transmitted to the upper transmission unit step by step in a Bluetooth Mesh connection mode, and the upper transmission unit sends data to the monitoring system through the transmission antenna;
2.5 When the relative sliding reaches a preset threshold value in the monitoring system, triggering the monitoring system to alarm, analyzing the specific position and the safety coefficient of the sliding surface according to the data transmitted by the arranged high-side slope sliding monitoring devices by the monitoring system, and reporting the specific position and the safety coefficient to a user.
Further, the soil body displacement monitoring device is installed as follows: checking that the central rod piece is in a unscrewed state, detaching the transmission antenna and the laser lens, pressing the soil body displacement detection device into a river channel by using a static pile pressing method, enabling the drill bit to enter the soil body to a certain depth, and ensuring that the horizontal displacement detection device and the anchoring device are fully contacted with the soil body.
The method is suitable for the installation steps of the high slope and river double-step air-ground combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system, and comprises the following steps:
(a) The central rod piece is screwed, the central rod piece descends along the threaded opening, the piston is pushed by the rotating shaft, so that the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic five-way pipe is increased, and the anchoring horizontal pile is pushed to extend out of the shell of the anchoring device and is embedded into the soil;
(b) Unscrewing the steel shell to separate the steel shell from the device main body, and taking the steel shell;
(c) Installing a transmission antenna and a laser lens, and screwing a fixing bolt;
(d) Completing the installation of all soil displacement monitoring devices;
(e) The high slope sliding monitoring device is installed, an upper transmission unit and a sliding surface monitoring unit are assembled into a whole, a positioning rod is used for connecting the upper transmission unit and the sliding surface monitoring unit in series, data transmission equipment is opened, bluetooth Mesh pairing is carried out, and the communication condition among the units is checked;
(f) Pressing the high slope sliding monitoring device into the high slope by using a static pile pressing method;
(g) The positioning rod is pulled out, so that the units can slide relatively;
(h) Installing a transmission antenna;
(i) And (5) finishing the installation of all the high slope sliding monitoring devices.
(j) The soil displacement monitoring device and the high slope sliding monitoring device are connected with the monitoring system through the transmission antenna to start monitoring.
The invention provides a space-ground combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for high side slopes and river double steps and an operation method thereof, and can realize real-time monitoring and intelligent early warning of foundation pit excavation in the space-ground combined under the complex geological condition of the high side slopes and the river double steps.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly shown in the following steps: and (1) accurate monitoring of soil displacement. The system adopts the soil displacement monitoring device which is provided with the anchoring device, so that the device main body and the soil can be tightly attached in the working stage; the inclination angle of the soil body is measured by the principle that the conductive liquid keeps a horizontal plane under the action of gravity, and the conductive liquid is easy to flow and has no adhesion, so that the angle measurement is more accurate. And (2) the monitoring range of the sliding surface is wide. The high slope sliding device is formed by combining upper transmission units and sliding surface monitoring units, the units are connected with each other in a Bluetooth Mesh mode, the number of the sliding surface monitoring units is unlimited, and therefore soil shearing displacement monitoring with different depths can be supported, and slope sliding surface monitoring with large range and multiple depths can be achieved. (3) multidimensional monitoring of air-ground binding. The system is provided with the unmanned aerial vehicle inspection device, can identify infrared images acquired by inspection, compares the infrared images with the high slope sliding monitoring device and the soil body displacement monitoring device which are deep underground through the monitoring system, not only realizes multi-dimensional monitoring, but also can correct fine errors caused by wind load, water flow and the like, reduces false alarm rate and improves early warning accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of an empty land combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for high side slopes and river double steps.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the soil displacement monitoring device.
Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the soil displacement monitoring device.
Fig. 4 is a structural view of the anchoring device, in which (a) represents retraction of the anchor horizontal pile and (b) represents extension of the anchor horizontal pile.
Fig. 5 is a top view of the horizontal displacement monitoring device.
Fig. 6 is a detailed view of the tilt angle sensor, in which (a) represents a vertical state and (b) represents a tilt state.
Fig. 7 is a high slope slip monitoring device layout.
Fig. 8 is a front view of the high slope slip monitoring device.
Fig. 9 is a front view of the sliding surface monitoring unit.
Fig. 10 is a plan view of the sliding surface monitoring unit, in which (a) represents a non-sliding schematic and (b) represents a sliding schematic.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a drone.
Fig. 12 is an operational diagram of the monitoring system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 12, an empty-land combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for a high slope and a river course double-step comprises a river course 1, a foundation pit 2, a high slope 3, a monitoring system 4, an unmanned aerial vehicle 5, a soil displacement monitoring device 6, a high slope sliding monitoring device 7, a steel shell 8, a central rod 9, a fixing bolt 10, a transmission antenna 11, a laser lens 12, an anchoring device 13, a threaded port 14, a limit baffle 15, a rotating shaft 16, an upper piston 171, a lower piston 172, a hydraulic five-way 18, an anchoring horizontal pile 19, a horizontal displacement monitoring device 20, an inclination angle sensor 21, a positive electrode 22, a negative electrode 23, a conductive liquid 24, a power supply 25, an ammeter 26, a data transmission device 27, a drill bit 28, a positioning rod 29, a sliding surface monitoring unit 30, a high-strength spring 31, a guide rod 32, a steel thimble 33, a pressure position sensor 34, a data transmission device 35, a bluetooth Mesh transmitting antenna 36, a bluetooth Mesh receiving antenna 37, a universal ball 38, an upper transmission unit 39, a virtual sliding surface 40, an infrared thermal imaging 41 and a laser range finder 42.
In the soil displacement monitoring device 6, a steel shell 8 is connected with an outer ring of a threaded opening 14 through threads; the central rod piece 9 is connected with the inner ring of the threaded opening 14 through threads, and the lower end of the central rod piece 9 is fixedly connected with the limit baffle 15; the fixing bolt 10 is connected with the upper end of the central rod piece 9 through threads; the transmission antenna 11 is fixedly connected with the fixing bolt 10; the laser lens 12 is fixedly connected with the transmission antenna 11; the rotating shaft 16 is fixedly connected with the limit baffle 15; the hydraulic five-way valve 18 is connected with the anchoring device 13; the upper piston 171 of the hydraulic five-way valve 18 is connected with the rotating shaft 16 through an adhesive; the anchoring horizontal pile 19 is connected with the lower piston 172 of the hydraulic five-way pipe 18 through an adhesive; the inclination angle sensor 21 is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device 20; the positive electrode 22 and the inclination angle sensor 21 are connected by an adhesive; the negative electrode 23 and the inclination angle sensor 21 are connected by an adhesive; the electroconductive liquid 24 is placed in the inclination angle sensor 21; the power supply 25 is connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device 20 through an adhesive; the ammeter 26 is connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device 20 through an adhesive; the data transmission device 27 is connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device 20 through an adhesive; the drill bit 28 is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device 20;
in the high slope sliding monitoring device, a positioning rod 29 is inserted into a reserved hole of a sliding surface monitoring unit 30, a transmission antenna 11 is installed at the upper end of the positioning rod 29, the transmission antenna 11 is fixedly connected with an upper transmission unit 39, the sliding surface monitoring units 30 are arranged in a vertically stacked manner, and a high-strength spring 31 is fixedly connected with the sliding surface monitoring units 30 in each sliding surface monitoring unit 30; the guide rod 32 is fixedly connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit 30; the steel thimble 33 is fixedly connected with the high-strength spring 31; the pressure position sensor 34 is connected with the bottom surface of the sliding surface monitoring unit 30 on the adjacent upper layer through an adhesive; the data transmission device 35 is connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit 30 by an adhesive; the bluetooth Mesh transmitting antenna 36 is connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit 30 through an adhesive; the bluetooth Mesh receiving antenna 37 is connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit 30 through an adhesive; the universal ball 38 is embedded in the top surface of the sliding surface monitoring unit 30 of the adjacent lower layer;
an infrared thermal imaging camera 41 and a laser range finder 42 are installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle 5.
A certain subway station foundation pit excavation engineering, wherein a rock slope is arranged at a position 3-9 m on the south side of the foundation pit, and the maximum height difference between the slope top and the existing road surface is about 32m; the existing river is arranged at the position 8m on the north side of the foundation pit. The station foundation pit not only has larger bias voltage, but also forms a temporary surface exceeding 15m after the station main body structure is excavated, and if the supporting structure cannot meet the lateral pressure, the supporting structure generates excessive deformation, the geology and the surrounding environment are relatively complex, and the closely monitoring is needed. The traditional foundation pit monitoring device and method are generally only used for foundation pit engineering of symmetrical load and common stratum, can not be used for monitoring deformation of a high slope and a river channel specially, or can not be used for monitoring the foundation pit engineering because the deformation monitoring of the high slope and the river channel is less, inaccurate and not real-time. The monitoring and early warning system and the operation method thereof for the foundation pit engineering can be used for monitoring and early warning of the foundation pit engineering by adopting the air-ground combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for the high slope and the double steps of the river channel.
According to the actual condition of foundation pit engineering, a monitoring system 4, an unmanned aerial vehicle 5, nine soil displacement detection devices 6 and nine high slope sliding monitoring devices 7 are adopted.
Before foundation pit engineering construction, a monitoring system 4 is installed, an unmanned aerial vehicle 5 is started, and image scanning is carried out on the river channel 1 and the high slope 3 so as to determine monitoring arrangement points.
And arranging and designing the soil body displacement monitoring device. The river channel 1 is divided into planes, and 9 arrangement points are obtained on the horizontal plane in a manner of being uniformly distributed according to 3*3.
And the high slope sliding monitoring device is designed. Analyzing the acquired image of the high slope 3, preliminarily determining the possible position range of the sliding surface 40 by combining a geological exploration report, and designing the number of the sliding surface detection units 30 of the high slope sliding monitoring device 7; meanwhile, the possible sliding surfaces 40 are divided according to the principle of equal arc lengths, and 9 arrangement points are obtained according to the 3*3 distribution mode.
And installing a soil body displacement monitoring device. Checking that the central rod piece 9 is in a unscrewed state, detaching the transmission antenna 11 and the laser lens 12, pressing the soil body displacement detection device 6 into the river channel 1 by using a static pile pressing method, enabling the drill bit 28 to enter the soil body to a certain depth, and ensuring that the horizontal displacement detection device 20 and the anchoring device 13 are fully contacted with the soil body, wherein the process is as follows:
(k) The central rod piece 9 is screwed, the central rod piece 9 descends along the threaded opening 14, the piston 17 is pushed by the rotating shaft 16, the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic five-way pipe 18 is increased, and the anchoring horizontal pile 19 is pushed to extend out of the shell of the anchoring device 13 and is embedded into the soil.
(l) The steel housing 8 is unscrewed, separated from the apparatus body, and the steel housing 8 is taken out.
(m) mounting the transmission antenna 11 and the laser lens 12, and screwing the fixing bolt 10.
(n) repeating the steps (a) - (c) to complete the installation of all the soil displacement monitoring devices 6.
(o) high slope slip monitoring device 7 is installed. The upper transmission unit 39 and the sliding surface monitoring unit 30 are assembled into a whole, the positioning rods 29 are connected in series, the data transmission equipment 35 is opened, bluetooth Mesh pairing is performed, and the communication condition among the units is checked.
(p) the high slope sliding monitoring device 7 is pressed into the high slope 3 by a static pile pressing method.
(q) the positioning rod 29 is pulled out, so that the units can slide relatively.
(r) mounting the transmission antenna 11.
(s) repeating the steps (e) - (h), and completing the installation of all the high slope sliding monitoring devices 7.
(t) connecting the soil displacement monitoring device 6 and the high slope sliding monitoring device 7 with the monitoring system 4 through the transmission antenna 11, and starting monitoring.
In order to explain the working principle of the soil displacement monitoring device 6, the embodiment takes sedimentation and horizontal displacement of the soil at the bottom of the river channel 1 as examples to explain the implementation principle in detail, and the soil displacement monitoring process comprises the following steps:
1.1 At a certain moment, the soil body at the bottom of the river channel 1 is subjected to sedimentation and horizontal displacement.
1.2 Sedimentation monitoring). The unmanned aerial vehicle 5 sends laser through the laser range finder 42, and the distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle 4 and the soil body displacement monitoring device 6 is measured after the laser lens 12 receives the laser, and because the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle 5 can be obtained through a GPS, a Beidou positioning system and the like, the height change of the soil body displacement monitoring device 6 can be calculated, namely sedimentation is achieved.
1.3 Horizontal displacement monitoring. The horizontal displacement monitoring device 20 tilts to drive the tilt angle sensor 21 to tilt, but the liquid level of the conductive liquid 24 is kept horizontal, the negative electrode 23 is a long resistance wire, the effective resistance of the conductive liquid changes due to the change of the liquid level, the currents of the four negative electrodes 23 through the ammeter 26 respectively show the trend of rising and falling, and the tilt angle of the liquid level can be calculated according to the four current amount changes measured by the ammeter 26.
1.4 Data reporting and early warning. The sedimentation and horizontal displacement data measured by the soil displacement monitoring device 6 are sent to the monitoring system 4 through the transmission antenna 11, and when the sedimentation and horizontal displacement reach a preset threshold value in the monitoring system 4, the monitoring system 4 is triggered to alarm.
To illustrate the working principle of the high slope sliding monitor 7, the embodiment takes the case that the soil in the high slope 3 slides along the imaginary sliding surface 40 as an example to explain the implementation principle in detail, and the high slope sliding monitor process includes the following steps:
2.1 At a certain time, the soil body on the high slope 3 slides along the virtual sliding surface 40.
2.2 The two sliding surface monitoring units 30 of the high slope sliding monitoring device 7 corresponding to the depth of the virtual sliding surface 40 are relatively displaced (slid).
2.3 Because the high-strength spring 31 is arranged at the bottom of the steel thimble 33, the steel thimble always props against the pressure position sensor 34 of the last sliding surface monitoring unit 30, and the relative displacement of the sliding surface monitoring unit 30 changes the pressure position monitored by the pressure position sensor 34.
2.4 The change in pressure position is received by the data transmission device 35 and transmitted step by step up to the upper transmission unit 39 by means of a bluetooth Mesh connection, the upper transmission unit 39 transmitting data to the monitoring system 4 via the transmission antenna 11.
2.5 When the relative sliding reaches a preset threshold value in the monitoring system 4, triggering the monitoring system 4 to alarm, and analyzing the specific position and the safety coefficient of the sliding surface 40 by the monitoring system 4 according to the data transmitted back by the arranged high-side slope sliding monitoring devices 7 and reporting the specific position and the safety coefficient to a user.
The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the manner in which the inventive concepts may be implemented. The scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments, but the scope of the present invention and the equivalents thereof as would occur to one skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.
Claims (7)
1. The empty-ground combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for the double steps of the high side slope and the river channel is characterized by comprising an unmanned plane, a soil displacement monitoring device and a high side slope sliding monitoring device, wherein the soil displacement monitoring device is positioned in the river channel, and the high side slope sliding monitoring device is positioned in the high side slope;
the soil body displacement monitoring device comprises a steel shell, a central rod piece, a fixing bolt, a transmission antenna, a laser lens, an anchoring device, a threaded port, a limit baffle, a rotating shaft, a piston, a hydraulic five-way pipe, an anchoring horizontal pile, a horizontal displacement monitoring device, an inclination angle sensor, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, conductive liquid, a power supply, an ammeter, data transmission equipment and a drill bit, wherein the steel shell is in threaded connection with an outer ring of the threaded port; the central rod piece is connected with the threaded opening inner ring through threads, and the lower end of the central rod piece is fixedly connected with the limit baffle; the fixed bolt is connected with the upper end of the central rod piece through threads; the transmission antenna is fixedly connected with the fixing bolt; the laser lens is fixedly connected with the transmission antenna; the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the limit baffle; the hydraulic five-way is connected with the anchoring device; the upper piston of the hydraulic five-way valve is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft; the anchoring horizontal pile is fixedly connected with a lower piston of the hydraulic five-way valve; the inclination angle sensor is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device; the positive electrode is fixedly connected with the inclination angle sensor; the negative electrode is a long resistance wire and is fixedly connected with the inclination angle sensor; placing the conductive liquid in an inclination angle sensor; the power supply is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device; the ammeter is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device; the data transmission equipment is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device; the drill bit is fixedly connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device;
the high slope sliding monitoring device comprises a positioning rod, a sliding surface monitoring unit, a high-strength spring, a guide rod, a steel thimble, a pressure position sensor and an upper transmission unit; the positioning rod is inserted into a reserved hole site of the sliding surface monitoring unit, a transmission antenna is arranged at the upper end of the positioning rod, the transmission antenna is fixedly connected with the upper transmission unit, the sliding surface monitoring units are arranged in a vertically stacked mode, and a high-strength spring is fixedly connected with the sliding surface monitoring units in each sliding surface monitoring unit; the guide rod is fixedly connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit; the steel thimble is fixedly connected with the high-strength spring; the pressure position sensor is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the sliding surface monitoring unit on the adjacent upper layer;
and an infrared thermal imaging camera and a laser range finder are installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle.
2. The space-ground combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for the double steps of the high slope and the river channel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the soil body displacement monitoring device, an upper piston of a hydraulic five-way valve is connected with a rotating shaft through an adhesive; the anchoring horizontal pile is connected with the lower piston of the hydraulic five-way pipe through an adhesive; the positive electrode is connected with the inclination angle sensor through an adhesive; the negative electrode is connected with the inclination angle sensor through an adhesive; the power supply is connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device through an adhesive; the ammeter is connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device through an adhesive; the data transmission equipment is connected with the horizontal displacement monitoring device through an adhesive.
3. The air-ground combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for the double steps of the high slope and the river channel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high slope sliding monitoring device further comprises data transmission equipment, a Bluetooth Mesh transmitting antenna and a Bluetooth Mesh receiving antenna, and the data transmission equipment is connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit through an adhesive; the Bluetooth Mesh transmitting antenna is connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit through an adhesive; the Bluetooth Mesh receiving antenna is connected with the sliding surface monitoring unit through an adhesive.
4. The open-land combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system suitable for the double steps of the high slope and the river channel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high slope sliding monitoring device further comprises universal balls which are embedded into the top surface of the sliding surface monitoring unit of the adjacent lower layer.
5. The method for operating the open-land combined foundation pit excavation monitoring and early warning system applicable to the double steps of a high slope and a river channel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) The soil displacement monitoring process comprises the following steps:
1.1 At a certain moment, the soil body at the bottom of the river channel is subjected to sedimentation and horizontal displacement;
1.2 The unmanned aerial vehicle sends laser through the laser range finder, the distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the soil body displacement monitoring device is measured after the laser lens receives the laser, and the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle is obtained through the positioning system, so that the height change of the soil body displacement monitoring device, namely sedimentation, is calculated;
1.3 The level displacement monitoring device is inclined to drive the inclination angle sensor to incline, but the liquid level of the conductive liquid is kept horizontal, the negative electrode is a long resistance wire, the effective resistance of the conductive liquid changes due to the change of the liquid level, the four negative electrodes respectively show the trend of rising and falling through the current of the ammeter, and the inclination angle of the liquid level is calculated according to the change of the four current amounts measured by the ammeter;
1.4 Data reporting and early warning, the sedimentation and horizontal displacement data measured by the soil displacement monitoring device are sent to the monitoring system through the transmission antenna, and when the sedimentation and horizontal displacement reach a preset threshold value in the monitoring system, the monitoring system is triggered to alarm;
2) The high slope sliding monitoring process comprises the following steps:
2.1 At a certain moment, the soil body in the high slope slides along the imaginary sliding surface;
2.2 The two sliding surface monitoring units corresponding to the depth of the imaginary sliding surface in the high slope sliding monitoring device are subjected to relative displacement;
2.3 Because the high-strength spring exists at the bottom of the steel thimble, the steel thimble always props against the pressure position sensor of the last sliding surface monitoring unit, and the relative displacement of the sliding surface monitoring unit changes the pressure position monitored by the pressure position sensor;
2.4 The change of the pressure position is received by the data transmission equipment and is transmitted to the upper transmission unit step by step in a Bluetooth Mesh connection mode, and the upper transmission unit sends data to the monitoring system through the transmission antenna;
2.5 When the relative sliding reaches a preset threshold value in the monitoring system, triggering the monitoring system to alarm, analyzing the specific position and the safety coefficient of the sliding surface according to the data transmitted by the arranged high-side slope sliding monitoring devices by the monitoring system, and reporting the specific position and the safety coefficient to a user.
6. The method of operation of claim 5, wherein the soil displacement monitoring device is installed by: checking that the central rod piece is in a unscrewed state, detaching the transmission antenna and the laser lens, pressing the soil body displacement detection device into a river channel by using a static pile pressing method, enabling the drill bit to enter the soil body to a certain depth, and ensuring that the horizontal displacement detection device and the anchoring device are fully contacted with the soil body.
7. The operation method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the installation steps of the excavation monitoring and early warning system for the pit, which is applicable to the combination of the high slope and the double steps of the river channel, are as follows:
(a) The central rod piece is screwed down along the threaded opening, the piston is pushed by the rotating shaft,
the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic five-way pipe is raised to push the anchoring horizontal pile to extend out of the shell of the anchoring device and be embedded into the soil;
(b) Unscrewing the steel shell to separate the steel shell from the device main body, and taking the steel shell;
(c) Installing a transmission antenna and a laser lens, and screwing a fixing bolt;
(d) Completing the installation of all soil displacement monitoring devices;
(e) The high slope sliding monitoring device is installed, an upper transmission unit and a sliding surface monitoring unit are assembled into a whole, a positioning rod is used for connecting the upper transmission unit and the sliding surface monitoring unit in series, data transmission equipment is opened, bluetooth Mesh pairing is carried out, and the communication condition among the units is checked;
(f) Pressing the high slope sliding monitoring device into the high slope by using a static pile pressing method;
(g) The positioning rod is pulled out, so that the units can slide relatively;
(h) Installing a transmission antenna;
(i) Finishing the installation of all the high slope sliding monitoring devices;
(j) The soil displacement monitoring device and the high slope sliding monitoring device are connected with the monitoring system through the transmission antenna to start monitoring.
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