CN113865392A - 一种散热装置 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
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- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
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- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
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Abstract
一种散热装置,用于冷却发热元件,包括多孔材料体、冷却池,冷却池内有介电性工质液体,多孔材料体浸于介电性工质液体中,多孔材料体开设槽道,多孔材料体的槽道一侧覆于冷却发热元件表面。这样,发热元件作为热源,工作后热量传递至多孔材料体,多孔材料槽道的部分介电性工质液体以及多孔材料体内的部分介电性工质液体蒸发为介电性工质蒸汽,由于多孔材料体中毛细现象的存在,阻止了介电性工质蒸汽向上排出,从而从槽道内排除,多孔材料体内的介电性工质液体蒸发后,介电性工质液体补液至蒸发部位,从而实现了介电性工质蒸汽的流出路径和介电性工质液体的补液路径分离的目的,增大了换热效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及散热设备技术领域,特别是涉及发热元件的浸没式散热装置。
背景技术
常见的浸没式冷却装置包括冷却池、冷凝器,将热源至于介电性工质液体中,介电性工质液体相变吸收热量,蒸汽在介电性工质液体上方的冷凝器中冷凝放热,凝结后流回。这种冷却方式,补液路径与蒸汽路径之间相互阻碍,能够实现冷却的热流密度较低,冷却效果不佳。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足,本发明提供了一种散热装置。
一种散热装置,用于冷却发热元件,包括多孔材料体、冷却池,冷却池内有介电性工质液体,发热元件、多孔材料体浸于介电性工质液体中,多孔材料体开设槽道,多孔材料体的槽道一侧覆于发热元件表面。这样,发热元件作为热源,工作后热量传递至多孔材料体,多孔材料槽道的部分介电性工质液体以及多孔材料体内的部分介电性工质液体蒸发为介电性工质蒸汽,由于多孔材料体中毛细现象的存在,阻止了介电性工质蒸汽向上排出,从而从槽道内排除,多孔材料体内的介电性工质液体蒸发后,介电性工质液体补液至蒸发部位,从而实现了介电性工质蒸汽的流出路径和介电性工质液体的补液路径分离的目的,增大了换热效率。
进一步,散热装置包括冷凝管道,冷却池内有介电性工质蒸汽,冷凝管道设置于介电性工质蒸汽内部,介电性工质蒸汽位于介电性工质液体上方,冷凝管道内流动冷却水,槽道与介电性工质蒸汽相通。
进一步,多孔材料体由微铜颗粒烧结而成。
进一步,微铜颗粒的尺寸直径为50-500μm,在900℃氩气环境石墨磨具中烧结而成。
进一步,多孔材料体与发热元件表面连接使用导热硅脂或者使用银钎焊焊接。
进一步,介电性工质液体为常见的氟化物或碳氟化物。
进一步,散热装置包括液体管路、泵,介电性工质液体由泵通过液体管路喷射至多孔材料体表面。
进一步,散热装置包括外部冷凝器,介电性工质液体可以进入外部冷凝器,泵将经过外部冷凝器的介电性工质液体通过液体管路喷射至多孔材料体表面。
附图说明
图1是本发明散热装置的一种实施方式示意图。
图2是本发明散热装置的另一种实施方式示意图。
图3、图4是本发明散热装置的简单的理论分析示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示意了一种散热装置10,用于冷却发热元件11,包括多孔材料体12、冷却池13、冷凝管道14。冷却池13内有介电性工质液体15、介电性工质蒸汽16,介电性工质液体15与介电性工质蒸汽16为同一种物质的液体和气体状态。介电性工质液体15为常见的氟化物或碳氟化物,拥有较高的介电常数和导热系数,并且沸点在发热元件11工作温度要求的范围内。介电性工质蒸汽16位于介电性工质液体15上方,冷凝管道14设置于介电性工质蒸汽16内部,冷凝管道14内流动冷却水。介电性工质蒸汽16经冷凝管道14冷凝后回流。
发热元件11、多孔材料体12浸于介电性工质液体15中,多孔材料体12开设槽道121,槽道121与介电性工质蒸汽16相通。
图3、图4是简单的理论分析示意图,Psat为介电性工质的饱和压力,ΔPl为气体在蒸汽通道中的流动压降,ΔPv1为蒸汽在多孔材料中的流动压降,ΔPv2为蒸汽在槽道中的流动压降,ΔPa为相变时液体变为气体的加速压降,Pc为毛细压力,各压力满足下关系:
pc+(psat-Δpl)=(psat+Δpv1+Δpv2+Δpa) (式1)
即:
pc=Δpv1+Δpv2+Δpa+Δpl (式2)
槽道121开设于多孔材料体12,无需对发热元件进行加工,相比槽道加工于发热元件11的情形,蒸汽在多孔材料中流动压降ΔPv1降低,拥有更高的临界热流密度和换热系数,同时蒸汽的流动路径更佳。
多孔材料体12由微铜颗粒烧结而成。微铜颗粒的尺寸直径为50-500μm,在900℃氩气环境石墨磨具中烧结而成。
多孔材料体12的槽道121一侧覆于发热元件11表面,多孔材料体12与发热元件11表面连接使用导热硅脂或者使用银钎焊焊接。导热硅胶和银钎焊均具有较高的导热系数,可以有效降低传热热阻。
多孔材料体12的使用,在一定程度上增加了换热面积和成核点数,可以在较低过热度下实现更高的热流密度,拥有更好的换热系数。
图2示意了另一种散热装置20,其与图1所示的散热装置的区别在于,图二的散热装置20包括包括液体管路21、泵22、外部冷凝器23,介电性工质液体可以进入外部冷凝器23,泵22将经过外部冷凝器23的介电性工质液体通过液体管路21喷射至多孔材料体表面。图2所示散热装置20与图1所示散热装置10一致的地方不再赘述。
图2所示散热装置20与图1所示散热装置10相比在高热流环境下具有优势。当热流密度过大时,图1所示的散热装置仅依靠毛细现象无法阻止介电性工质蒸汽向上排除,向上排除的蒸汽会包裹在多孔材料和热源周围,形成一层气膜阻碍补液,从而导致临界热流密度的产生,当热流密度超过临界热流密度时,图1所示散热装置10的散热效果将受限;而图2所示散热装置20通过外部循环将液体喷射至多孔材料体表面,增加射流后可以在式1左侧增加额外压力补偿毛细力的不足,从而使出气路径与补液路径在高热流情况下仍保持分离,具有较佳的换热效率和较高的临界热流密度。
在图1、图2所示的实施例中,发热元件作为热源,工作后热量传递至多孔材料体,多孔材料槽道的部分介电性工质液体以及多孔材料体内的部分介电性工质液体蒸发为介电性工质蒸汽,由于多孔材料体中毛细现象的存在,阻止了介电性工质蒸汽向上排出,从而从槽道内排除,多孔材料体内的介电性工质液体蒸发后,介电性工质液体补液至蒸发部位,从而实现了介电性工质蒸汽的流出路径和介电性工质液体的补液路径分离的目的,增大了换热效率。
Claims (8)
1.一种散热装置,用于冷却发热元件,其特征在于,包括多孔材料体、冷却池,冷却池内有介电性工质液体,发热元件、多孔材料体浸于介电性工质液体中,多孔材料体开设槽道,多孔材料体的槽道一侧覆于发热元件表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的散热装置,其特征在于,包括冷凝管道,冷却池内有介电性工质蒸汽,冷凝管道设置于介电性工质蒸汽内部,介电性工质蒸汽位于介电性工质液体上方,冷凝管道内流动冷却水,槽道与介电性工质蒸汽相通。
3.根据权利要求1所述的散热装置,其特征在于,多孔材料体由微铜颗粒烧结而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的散热装置,其特征在于,微铜颗粒的尺寸直径为50-500μm,在900℃氩气环境石墨磨具中烧结而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的散热装置,其特征在于,多孔材料体与发热元件表面连接使用导热硅脂或者使用银钎焊焊接。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的散热装置,其特征在于,介电性工质液体为常见的氟化物或碳氟化物。
7.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的散热装置,其特征在于,包括液体管路、泵,介电性工质液体由泵通过液体管路喷射至多孔材料体表面。
8.根据权利要求7所示的散热装置,其特征在于,包括外部冷凝器,介电性工质液体可以进入外部冷凝器,泵将经过外部冷凝器的介电性工质液体通过液体管路喷射至多孔材料体表面。
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