CN113864750A - Heating system of nuclear power plant - Google Patents

Heating system of nuclear power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113864750A
CN113864750A CN202111005221.4A CN202111005221A CN113864750A CN 113864750 A CN113864750 A CN 113864750A CN 202111005221 A CN202111005221 A CN 202111005221A CN 113864750 A CN113864750 A CN 113864750A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
steam
valve
amount
opening
heat supply
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Granted
Application number
CN202111005221.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113864750B (en
Inventor
安宏
李焕荣
王鹏
林令知
陈宝
张淑侠
王艳萍
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State Nuclear Electric Power Planning Design and Research Institute Co Ltd
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State Nuclear Electric Power Planning Design and Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111005221.4A priority Critical patent/CN113864750B/en
Publication of CN113864750A publication Critical patent/CN113864750A/en
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Publication of CN113864750B publication Critical patent/CN113864750B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/004—Control systems for steam generators of nuclear power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
    • F22D1/325—Schematic arrangements or control devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin

Abstract

The application discloses heating system of nuclear power plant belongs to nuclear power plant technical field. The system comprises a separator, a small steam turbine and a low-pressure heat supply network heater, wherein the separator is communicated with the small steam turbine through a steam pipeline, and the small steam turbine is communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater through a steam pipeline; the separator is used for separating liquid water in the first steam to obtain second steam which does not contain liquid water, and the first steam is the steam which is discharged to the steam pipeline by the large steam turbine high-pressure cylinder; a steam turbine for discharging the second steam, discharging the third steam, and providing kinetic energy to the power plant, wherein an enthalpy value of the third steam per unit volume is smaller than an enthalpy value of the second steam per unit volume; and the low-pressure heat supply network heater is used for heating the circulating water in the heat supply network for the first time by utilizing the heat of the third steam. The embodiment of the application can make full use of the heat of the steam and reduce the waste of energy.

Description

Heating system of nuclear power plant
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of nuclear power plants, in particular to a heating system of a nuclear power plant.
Background
When the pressurized water reactor of the nuclear power plant reacts, the pressurized water reactor can generate a large amount of heat, the heat can be used for heating the two-loop water, and then a large amount of steam is generated to push a steam turbine to generate electric energy. A heating extraction point in the nuclear power plant may extract this steam and discharge it into the heat grid heater, thereby causing it to heat the circulating water in the heat grid.
However, the steam in the above scheme contains a large amount of high-grade heat, and direct heat supply causes energy waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a heating system of a nuclear power plant, which can make full use of heat of steam and reduce energy waste. The technical scheme is as follows:
the embodiment of the application provides a heating system of a nuclear power plant, which comprises a separator, a small steam turbine and a low-pressure heating network heater, wherein the separator is communicated with the small steam turbine through a steam pipeline;
the separator is used for separating liquid water in the first steam to obtain second steam which does not contain liquid water, and the first steam is the steam which is discharged to the steam pipeline by the high-pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine;
the small steam turbine is used for discharging the second steam, discharging third steam and further transferring kinetic energy converted from the heat of the second steam to the generator, wherein the enthalpy value of the third steam per unit volume is smaller than that of the second steam per unit volume;
the low-pressure heat supply network heater is used for heating the circulating water in the heat supply network by utilizing the heat of the third steam.
Optionally, the small steam turbine includes a steam extraction opening and a first valve disposed on the steam extraction opening, and an opening and closing angle of the first valve is used to control a steam amount of fourth steam discharged from the steam extraction opening, wherein an enthalpy value of the fourth steam per unit volume is greater than an enthalpy value of the third steam per unit volume and is less than an enthalpy value of the second steam per unit volume;
the system also comprises a high-pressure heat supply network heater, wherein the high-pressure heat supply network heater is communicated with the steam extraction port of the small steam turbine through a steam channel;
the first valve is used for determining the steam extraction amount carried in the first signal when the first valve receives the first signal, determining the opening and closing angle of the first valve according to the steam extraction amount and the corresponding relation between the pre-stored steam amount and the opening and closing angle of the valve, adjusting the current opening and closing angle of the first valve according to the opening and closing angle of the first valve, and further discharging fourth steam of the steam extraction amount from the steam extraction port;
the high-pressure heating network heater is used for secondarily heating the primarily heated circulating water by utilizing the fourth steam of the steam extraction amount.
Optionally, the steam turbine further includes a steam outlet and a second valve disposed on the steam outlet, and an opening and closing angle of the second valve is used to control a steam amount of third steam discharged from the steam outlet; the low-pressure heating network heater is communicated with the steam outlet of the steam turbine through a steam channel;
the second valve is used for determining the opening and closing angle of the second valve according to the steam discharge carried in the second signal and the corresponding relation between the pre-stored steam quantity and the opening and closing angle of the valve when the second valve receives the second signal, adjusting the current opening and closing angle of the second valve according to the opening and closing angle of the second valve, and further discharging third steam of the steam discharge at the steam discharge port;
the low-pressure heating network heater is used for heating the circulating water in the heating network for the first time by using the third steam of the exhaust amount.
Optionally, the steam turbine further includes a steam inlet and a third valve disposed on the steam inlet, and the opening and closing degree of the third valve is used to control the steam amount of the second steam exhausted into the steam turbine;
the third valve is used for determining the opening and closing angle of the third valve according to the steam intake carried in the third signal and the corresponding relation between the prestored steam amount and the opening and closing angle of the valve when the third valve receives the third signal, adjusting the current opening and closing angle of the third valve according to the opening and closing angle of the third valve, and then discharging second steam of the steam intake at the steam inlet, wherein the steam intake is equal to the sum of the steam exhaust and the steam extraction.
Optionally, the first valve is further configured to close the first valve when the first valve detects that the extraction steam amount is equal to 0.
Optionally, the system further comprises a condensation pipe, and the condensation pipe is respectively communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater and the high-pressure heat supply network heater through a drain pipe;
the condensation pipe is used for collecting the drain water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater and the drain water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater and conveying the collected drain water to the second loop.
Optionally, the system further comprises a blowdown cooling tank, and the blowdown cooling tank is respectively communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater and the high-pressure heat supply network heater through drain pipes;
the pollution discharge cooling pool is used for performing decontamination cooling treatment on the drain water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater and the drain water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater to obtain the drain water after decontamination.
Optionally, the system further comprises a controller, the controller being connected to the first valve, the second valve and the third valve respectively;
the controller is used for obtaining a target temperature required by circulating water sent by the heat supply management system, determining the steam extraction amount, the steam exhaust amount and the steam inlet amount based on the target temperature, generating a first signal carrying the steam extraction amount, a second signal carrying the steam exhaust amount and a third signal carrying the steam inlet amount, and further sending the first signal to the first valve, the second signal to the second valve and the third signal to the third valve.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to determine that the steam extraction amount is equal to 0, and the steam exhaust amount and the steam intake amount are both equal to a preset steam amount when the target temperature is greater than a first preset value and is less than a second preset value.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to determine that the steam exhaust amount is equal to a preset steam amount when the target temperature is greater than a second preset value, determine a steam extraction amount corresponding to the target temperature according to the target temperature and a corresponding relationship between the temperature and the steam extraction amount, and add the steam exhaust amount and the steam extraction amount to obtain the steam intake amount.
In the related art, if the first steam discharged to the steam pipeline by the high-pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine is directly used for heating the circulating water in the heat supply network, because the enthalpy value of the first steam is high and the energy in the first steam cannot be completely transferred to the circulating water, the steam obtained by heating the circulating water also contains a large amount of enthalpy value, and further the waste of heat energy is caused. In the embodiment of the application, the steam turbine is used for generating power by utilizing the residual pressure of the first steam, and then the third steam after power generation is used for heating the circulating water in the heat supply network, so that the problem of energy waste caused by directly using the first steam to directly heat the circulating water is avoided, the enthalpy value of the steam is fully utilized, and the energy waste is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nuclear power plant heating system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a nuclear power plant heating system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the figures
101-a separator;
102-small turbine, 1021-first valve, 1022-second valve, 1023-third valve;
103-low pressure heating network heater, 104-high pressure heating network heater, 105-generator, 106-blowdown cooling pool/condenser pipe.
With the above figures, there are shown specific embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concepts in any manner, but rather to illustrate the inventive concepts to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the application provides a heating system of a nuclear power plant, as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a separator 101, a small steam turbine 102 and a low-pressure heat supply network heater 103, wherein the separator 101 is communicated with the small steam turbine 102 through a steam pipeline, and the small steam turbine 102 is communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 through a steam pipeline;
the separator 101 is used for separating liquid water from the first steam to obtain second steam which does not contain liquid water, and the first steam is steam discharged to a steam pipeline by a high-pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine;
the small steam turbine 102 is configured to discharge the second steam, discharge third steam, and further transfer kinetic energy converted from heat of the second steam to the generator, wherein an enthalpy value of the third steam per unit volume is smaller than an enthalpy value of the second steam per unit volume;
the low-pressure heating network heater 103 is used for heating the circulating water in the heating network by using the heat of the third steam.
Wherein, because the steam that big steam turbine high pressure cylinder discharged to the steam conduit is humid steam, if directly arrange into little steam turbine with it, liquid water can harm little steam turbine in the first steam, and then influences the operation of little steam turbine. Therefore, the first steam needs to be discharged into the separator 101, so that the separator 101 separates the liquid water in the first steam, and the influence of the liquid water in the steam on the small steam turbine 102 is avoided.
The small turbine 102 can convert steam pressure potential energy into kinetic energy, and then the kinetic energy is converted into electric energy through the generator. The low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 may be a condenser type heater, and is disposed below the small turbine 102.
In the embodiment of the application, after the once-heated circulating water is obtained, the circulating water can be input into the heat supply loop, and then heat is supplied to the user through the heat supply loop.
In the related art, if the first steam discharged to the steam pipeline from the high-pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine is directly used for heating the circulating water in the heat supply network, the pressure potential energy contained in the first steam is high and cannot be completely transferred to the circulating water, so that the waste of the pressure potential energy is caused. In the embodiment of the application, the residual pressure of the first steam is utilized to generate electricity through the small steam turbine, and then the third steam after power generation is used for heating the circulating water in the heat supply network, so that the problem of energy waste caused by directly heating the circulating water by directly using the first steam is avoided, the enthalpy value of the steam is fully utilized, and the energy waste is reduced.
In most of the heating season, only the low-pressure heating network heater 103 is needed to heat the circulating water to about 90 ℃, so that the requirements of users can be met. In order to ensure that the low-pressure heating network heater 103 can heat the circulating water to about 90 ℃, the third steam with the pressure of about 0.12MPa and the temperature of about 104.8 ℃ can heat the circulating water to 90 ℃.
In the embodiment of the present application, the pressure of the second steam is about 0.29MPa, the temperature is about 142.6 ℃, and in order to fully utilize the energy of the steam, the second steam can be used in advance to generate electricity through a steam turbine, so as to obtain third steam.
Optionally, in order to ensure that the user is provided with the circulating water at a higher temperature when the ambient temperature is lower, the high-pressure heating network heater 104 may be further used to perform secondary heating on the circulating water subjected to primary heating. Specifically, the small steam turbine 102 includes a steam extraction opening and a first valve 1021 arranged on the steam extraction opening, and an opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 is used for controlling a steam amount of fourth steam discharged from the steam extraction opening, wherein an enthalpy value of the fourth steam per unit volume is greater than an enthalpy value of the third steam per unit volume and is less than an enthalpy value of the second steam per unit volume; the system also comprises a high-pressure heat supply network heater 104, wherein the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 is communicated with the steam extraction port of the small steam turbine 102 through a steam channel; the first valve 1021 is used for determining the steam extraction amount carried in the first signal when the first valve 1021 receives the first signal, determining the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to the steam extraction amount and the corresponding relation between the pre-stored steam amount and the opening and closing angle of the valve, adjusting the current opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021, and further discharging fourth steam of the steam extraction amount at the steam extraction port; the high-pressure heating network heater 104 is configured to secondarily heat the primarily heated circulating water by using the fourth steam of the extracted steam amount.
In implementation, when the first valve 1021 receives the first signal, the first valve 1021 determines an extraction amount carried in the first signal, determines an opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to a correspondence between the extraction amount and a prestored steam amount and an opening and closing angle of the valve, and adjusts a current opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021, so as to discharge fourth steam of the extraction amount at the steam extraction port. The high-pressure heating network heater 104 secondarily heats the primarily heated circulating water by using the fourth steam of the extracted steam amount.
Alternatively, before the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 is determined according to the steam extraction amount and the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored steam amount and the opening and closing angle of the valve, the first valve 1021 may further detect the steam extraction amount carried in the first signal. When the steam extraction amount is not equal to 0, the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 is determined based on the corresponding relation between the pre-stored steam amount and the opening and closing angle of the valve.
It should be noted that the first valve 1021 is an electrically operated valve, and the electrically operated valve can receive a signal sent by the control device and adjust the current opening and closing angle of the valve according to the signal.
In the above mode, the first signal carries the extraction volume, and then the first valve can be according to the extraction volume in the first signal, the current angle of opening and shutting of first valve of adjustment. Certainly, the first signal can also not carry the steam extraction volume, but carries the angle of opening and shutting of first valve, and then the first valve can be directly according to the angle of opening and shutting of the first valve that first signal carried, adjusts the current angle of opening and shutting of first valve.
The small steam turbine 102 includes a steam extraction opening and a first valve 1021 arranged on the steam extraction opening, the small steam turbine 102 further includes a steam discharge opening and a second valve 1022 arranged on the steam discharge opening, and an opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 is used for controlling a steam amount of third steam discharged from the steam discharge opening; the low-pressure heating network heater 103 is communicated with the steam outlet of the small steam turbine (102) through a steam channel; the second valve 1022 is configured to, when the second valve 1022 receives the second signal, determine an opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 according to the steam discharge amount carried in the second signal and a correspondence between a pre-stored steam amount and an opening and closing angle of the valve, adjust a current opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 according to the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022, and then discharge third steam of the steam discharge amount at the steam discharge port; the low-pressure heating network heater 103 is used for heating the circulating water in the heating network by using the third steam of the exhaust gas volume.
The second valve 1022 may be an electrically operated valve, and after receiving the signal, the current opening/closing angle of the second valve is adjusted according to the amount of exhaust steam carried in the signal.
It should be noted that, the second signal in this embodiment of the application may not carry the exhaust amount, but carry the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022, and then the second valve 1022 may adjust the current opening and closing angle according to the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 carried in the second signal.
Of course, the small steam turbine 102 further includes a steam inlet and a third valve 1023 provided on the steam inlet, and the opening and closing degree of the third valve 1023 is used to control the steam amount of the second steam discharged into the steam turbine 102. And the third valve 1023 is used for determining the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 according to the steam intake carried in the third signal and the corresponding relation between the prestored steam intake and the opening and closing angle of the valve when the third valve 1023 receives the third signal, adjusting the current opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 according to the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023, and discharging second steam of the steam intake at the steam intake, wherein the steam intake is equal to the sum of the steam extraction and the steam discharge.
The third valve 1023 may also be an electric valve, and after receiving the signal, the current opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 is adjusted according to the steam intake amount carried in the signal.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the third signal may not carry the steam inlet amount, but carry the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023, and then the third valve 1023 may adjust the current opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 according to the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 carried in the second signal.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first signal, the second signal and the third signal are generated by the controller. A controller in the nuclear power plant heating system is respectively connected with a first valve 1021, a second valve 1022 and a third valve 1023; the controller is used for obtaining a target temperature required by circulating water sent by the heat supply management system, determining an extraction amount, an exhaust amount and an intake amount based on the target temperature, generating a first signal carrying the extraction amount, a second signal carrying the exhaust amount and a third signal carrying the intake amount, and further sending the first signal to the first valve 1021, the second signal to the second valve 1022 and the third signal to the third valve 1023.
The controller may be connected to the first valve 1021, the second valve 1022, and the third valve 1023 by wires, or may be connected to the first valve 1021, the second valve 1022, and the third valve 1023 by short-distance wireless communication.
In implementation, the weather service platform periodically sends the weather condition of the future time to the heat supply network management center, so that the heat supply network management center obtains the target temperature required by the circulating water, and sends the target temperature to the controller in the power plant. The controller determines the extraction amount, the exhaust amount, and the intake amount based on the target temperature, and generates a first signal carrying the extraction amount, a second signal carrying the exhaust amount, and a third signal carrying the intake amount, and then transmits the first signal to the first valve 1021, the second signal to the second valve 1022, and the third signal to the third valve 1023.
The controller may determine the extraction amount, the exhaust amount, and the intake amount based on the target temperature by: and when the target temperature is less than a first preset value, determining that the steam extraction amount is equal to 0, determining the steam extraction amount according to the target temperature and the corresponding relation between the prestored temperature and the steam extraction amount, and taking the steam extraction amount as the steam inlet amount. Or determining the steam inlet quantity according to the target temperature and the corresponding relation between the pre-stored temperature and the steam inlet quantity, and taking the steam inlet quantity as the steam exhaust quantity.
The step of determining the correspondence between the pre-stored temperature and the amount of exhaust steam is: when determining to supply heat to a certain area, a technician can use the temperature detection device to detect the ambient temperature of the area, and according to the ambient temperature, the temperature required by circulating water at the ambient temperature is determined. And determining the steam outlet quantity of the third steam required when the circulating water reaches the temperature according to the temperature required by the circulating water, further establishing a corresponding relation between the ambient temperature and the steam discharge quantity, and storing the corresponding relation in the controller as the corresponding relation between the temperature and the steam discharge quantity. Alternatively, the correspondence between the temperature and the amount of intake steam is established based on a similar manner.
The controller may further determine the extraction amount, the exhaust amount, and the intake amount based on the target temperature by: and when the target temperature is greater than a first preset value and less than a second preset value, determining that the steam extraction amount is equal to 0 and the steam exhaust amount and the steam inlet amount are equal to the preset steam amount.
When the steam discharge amount is smaller than the preset steam amount, the temperature of the circulating water in the heat supply network is obviously increased along with the increase of the steam amount of the third steam. When the exhaust steam quantity is larger than the preset steam quantity, the temperature of circulating water in the heat supply network is hardly changed.
In the embodiment of the present application, when the discharged steam amount of the second steam is equal to the preset steam amount, the temperature of the circulating water obtained by heating using the low pressure heater is about 90 ℃.
The controller may further determine the extraction amount, the exhaust amount, and the intake amount based on the target temperature by: and when the target temperature is greater than a second preset value, determining that the steam discharge amount is equal to the preset steam amount. And determining the steam extraction amount according to the temperature and the corresponding relation between the temperature and the steam extraction amount, and adding the steam extraction amount and the steam exhaust amount to obtain the steam inlet amount.
It should be noted that, when the temperature is greater than the second preset value, the controller may further send a fourth signal to the high pressure heat supply network heater 104, where the fourth signal is used to indicate that the high pressure heat supply network heater 104 is automatically turned on. When the temperature is less than the second preset value, the controller sends a fifth signal to the high-pressure heating network heater 104, and the fifth signal is used for indicating that the high-pressure heating network heater 104 is automatically turned off. This prevents the high pressure network heater 104 from operating all the time, which in turn results in a large amount of heat being wasted.
In the embodiment of the application, the first signal, the second signal and the third signal generated by the controller do not carry the steam amount of the steam, but carry the opening and closing angle of the valve. The specific process of the controller generating the first signal, the second signal and the third signal may be: and acquiring the target temperature required by circulating water sent by the heat supply management system. When the target temperature is less than the first preset value, the controller determines that the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 is 0, and determines the opening and closing angles corresponding to the second valve 1022 and the third valve 1023 according to the first corresponding relationship between the target temperature and the pre-stored temperature and the opening and closing angle. When the temperature is greater than the first preset value and less than the second preset value, the controller determines that the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 is 0, and the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 and the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 are equal to the preset opening and closing angle. When the temperature is greater than the second preset value, the controller determines that the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 is the preset opening and closing angle, determines the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to the temperature and a second corresponding relationship between the temperature and the opening and closing angle stored in advance, and adds the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 and the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 to obtain the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023. After the opening and closing angles corresponding to the first valve 1021, the second valve 1022, and the third valve 1023 are obtained, a first signal is generated based on the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021, a second signal is generated based on the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022, and a third signal is generated based on the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023.
When the current opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 is the preset opening and closing angle, the amount of the third steam discharged from the second steam outlet is the preset amount of the third steam. Similarly, when the current opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 is the preset opening and closing angle, the steam volume of the second steam discharged from the third steam inlet is the preset steam volume.
Of course, in the above process, the steam flowing into the small turbine 102 flows out through the first valve 1021, and the rest flows out through the second valve 1022. Thus, no matter how large the opening angle of the second valve 1022 is, the steam flowing out through the second valve 1022 can only be the residual steam in the small steam turbine 102. Therefore, the second valve 1022 may be set not as an electric valve but as a manual adjustment valve, and the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 may be set to a fixed angle. When the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 needs to be adjusted, a technician may manually perform fine adjustment on the second valve 1022. For example, the second valve 1022 is a butterfly valve.
Optionally, the heating system of the nuclear power plant further includes a steam condensation pipe 106, and the steam condensation pipe 106 is respectively communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 and the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 through a drain pipe. And the steam condensation pipe 106 is used for collecting the drain water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 and the drain water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 and conveying the collected drain water back to the second loop.
In the implementation, the steam discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 and the steam discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 are directly discharged into the condensation pipe, and the condensed steam is drained.
Optionally, the nuclear power plant heating system further includes a blowdown cooling tank 106, and the blowdown cooling tank 106 is respectively communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 and the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 through steam pipes. And the pollution discharge cooling pool 106 is used for performing decontamination cooling treatment on the hydrophobic water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 and the hydrophobic water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 to obtain hydrophobic water subjected to decontamination cooling treatment.
After the hydrophobic water is obtained, the hydrophobic water can be changed into steam through heat generated by a pressurized water reactor, and then the steam is used for supplying power or heat, so that the hydrophobic water can be reused.
Optionally, in order to completely isolate the steam from the make-up water and prevent radioactive substances in the steam from mixing into the make-up water, a surface deaerator may be used, wherein the deaerator is used for removing oxygen from the circulating water.
It should be noted that the operating principle of the deaerator is to heat water with steam to make the water reach a saturation temperature under a certain pressure, and further to make all the oxygen dissolved in the water escape. As shown in fig. 2, the deaerator may heat the makeup water using the second steam, thereby removing oxygen from the makeup water.
Alternatively, the nuclear power plant heating system may be automatically shut down when a turbine trip is detected.
Optionally, the operator may monitor the water level of the heat supply network heater so as to take appropriate measures when necessary, find out the reason why the water level of the heat supply network heater is too high or too low, and take corresponding measures to stabilize the water level in a suitable water level interval. For example, the water level in the heat supply network heater is maintained within the appropriate water level interval by replenishing the heat supply network heater with water.
Besides the need of supplementing water to the heat supply network heater, the water is also supplemented to the circulating water of the heat supply network. As shown in fig. 2, specifically, after the obtained chemically softened water is input into a deaerator, oxygen in the chemically softened water is removed. And inputting the chemically softened water without oxygen into a heat supply network water supply pump, conveying the chemically softened water to an inlet of a water filter by the heat supply network water supply pump, mixing the chemically softened water without oxygen and backwater, and filtering the backwater after water supply by using the water filter to obtain the backwater after filtration. And inputting the filtered return water into a circulating water return pipeline of the heat supply network, heating the return water input into the circulating water return pipeline of the heat supply network by using a low-pressure heat supply network heater and a high-pressure heat supply network heater, and outputting the water for supply. The heat supply network circulating water return pipeline comprises a plurality of heat supply network circulating water pumps, the heat supply network water replenishing pumps can play a role in system constant pressure, the water return refers to circulating water returning to the heat supply system, and the water supply refers to circulating water going out of the heat supply system.
It should be noted that the heat supply network circulating water pump in the heat supply network circulating water return pipeline adopts a variable frequency motor, as shown in fig. 2, the water after water supplement enters the water filter first and then enters the inlet of the heat supply network circulating water return pipeline, after the pressure of the heat supply network circulating water pump is boosted, the water enters the low-pressure heat supply network heater and the high-pressure heat supply network heater successively to carry out two-stage heating, and then heated circulating water is output, namely water is supplied.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A heating system of a nuclear power plant, characterized in that the system comprises a separator (101), a small turbine (102) and a low-pressure heating network heater (103), wherein the separator (101) is communicated with the small turbine (102) through a steam pipeline, and the small turbine (102) is communicated with the low-pressure heating network heater (103) through a steam pipeline;
the separator (101) is used for separating liquid water in the first steam to obtain second steam which does not contain liquid water, and the first steam is steam discharged to a steam pipeline by a high-pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine;
the small steam turbine (102) is used for discharging the second steam, discharging third steam and further transferring kinetic energy converted from the heat of the second steam to the generator, wherein the enthalpy value of the third steam per unit volume is smaller than that of the second steam per unit volume;
and the low-pressure heat supply network heater (103) is used for heating the circulating water in the heat supply network by using the heat of the third steam.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the small steam turbine (102) comprises a steam extraction opening and a first valve (1021) arranged on the steam extraction opening, the opening and closing angle of the first valve (1021) is used for controlling the steam quantity of fourth steam discharged from the steam extraction opening, and the enthalpy value of the fourth steam per unit volume is larger than the enthalpy value of the third steam per unit volume and smaller than the enthalpy value of the second steam per unit volume;
the system further comprises a high-pressure heat supply network heater (104), wherein the high-pressure heat supply network heater (104) is communicated with the steam extraction port of the small steam turbine (102) through a steam channel;
the first valve (1021) is used for determining the steam extraction amount carried in the first signal when the first valve (1021) receives the first signal, determining the opening and closing angle of the first valve (1021) according to the steam extraction amount and the corresponding relation between the pre-stored steam amount and the opening and closing angle of the valve, adjusting the current opening and closing angle of the first valve (1021) according to the opening and closing angle of the first valve (1021), and further discharging fourth steam of the steam extraction amount from the steam extraction port;
and the high-pressure heating network heater (104) is used for secondarily heating the primarily heated circulating water by utilizing the fourth steam of the steam extraction amount.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the steam turbine (102) further comprises a steam outlet and a second valve (1022) disposed on the steam outlet, and an opening and closing angle of the second valve (1022) is used for controlling a steam amount of the third steam discharged from the steam outlet; the low-pressure heating network heater (103) is communicated with a steam outlet of the steam turbine (102) through a steam channel;
the second valve (1022) is configured to, when the second valve (1022) receives a second signal, determine an opening and closing angle of the second valve (1022) according to the steam discharge amount carried in the second signal and a correspondence between a pre-stored steam amount and an opening and closing angle of the valve, adjust a current opening and closing angle of the second valve (1022) according to the opening and closing angle of the second valve (1022), and further discharge third steam of the steam discharge amount at the steam discharge port;
and the low-pressure heating network heater (103) is used for heating the circulating water in the heating network for the first time by using the third steam of the exhaust gas volume.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the steam turbine (102) further comprises a steam inlet and a third valve (1023) disposed on the steam inlet, wherein the degree of opening and closing of the third valve (1023) is used to control the amount of second steam discharged into the steam turbine (102);
the third valve (1023) is used for determining the opening and closing angle of the third valve (1023) according to the steam intake carried in the third signal and the corresponding relation between the pre-stored steam intake and the opening and closing angle of the valve when the third valve (1023) receives a third signal, adjusting the current opening and closing angle of the third valve (1023) according to the opening and closing angle of the third valve (1023), and discharging second steam of the steam intake at the steam inlet, wherein the steam intake is equal to the sum of the steam exhaust and the steam extraction.
5. The system of claim 2,
the first valve (1021) is further configured to close the first valve (1021) when the first valve (1021) detects that the extraction amount is equal to 0.
6. The system according to claim 5, further comprising a condenser pipe (106), the condenser pipe (106) being in communication with the low pressure heat supply network heater (103) and the high pressure heat supply network heater (104), respectively, via a hydrophobic conduit;
and the condensation pipe (106) is used for collecting the drain water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater (103) and the drain water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater (104) and conveying the collected drain water back to a second loop.
7. The system of claim 5, further comprising a blowdown cooling sump (106), the blowdown cooling sump (106) being in communication with the low pressure heat supply network heater (103) and the high pressure heat supply network heater (104), respectively, via a hydrophobic conduit;
and the pollution discharge cooling pool (106) is used for performing decontamination cooling treatment on the hydrophobic water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater (103) and the hydrophobic water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater (104) to obtain hydrophobic water after decontamination.
8. The system of claim 4, further comprising a controller coupled to the first valve (1021), the second valve (1022), and the third valve (1023), respectively;
the controller is used for obtaining a target temperature required by circulating water sent by a heat supply management system, determining the steam extraction amount, the steam exhaust amount and the steam inlet amount based on the target temperature, generating a first signal carrying the steam extraction amount, a second signal carrying the steam exhaust amount and a third signal carrying the steam inlet amount, and further sending the first signal to the first valve (1021), the second signal to the second valve (1022) and the third signal to the third valve (1023).
9. The system of claim 8,
the controller is further used for determining that the steam extraction amount is equal to 0 and the steam exhaust amount and the steam inlet amount are equal to the preset steam amount when the target temperature is greater than a first preset value and less than a second preset value.
10. The system of claim 8,
the controller is further configured to determine that the steam exhaust amount is equal to a preset steam amount when the target temperature is greater than a second preset numerical value, determine a steam extraction amount corresponding to the target temperature according to the target temperature and a corresponding relationship between the temperature and the steam extraction amount, and add the steam exhaust amount and the steam extraction amount to obtain the steam inlet amount.
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