CN113859055B - Multi-stack fuel cell power generation system start control method, system and vehicle - Google Patents

Multi-stack fuel cell power generation system start control method, system and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113859055B
CN113859055B CN202111196716.XA CN202111196716A CN113859055B CN 113859055 B CN113859055 B CN 113859055B CN 202111196716 A CN202111196716 A CN 202111196716A CN 113859055 B CN113859055 B CN 113859055B
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fuel cell
power
stack
health
output
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CN113859055A (en
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李艳昆
李端凯
梁建英
徐磊
田庆
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/31—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for starting of fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a method, a system and a vehicle for controlling the starting of a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system, which comprises the following steps: collecting the output current and the output voltage of each pile; judging the aging degree of different fuel cells based on the collected signals and classifying the fuel cells into different categories according to the health degree; and sequentially outputting force from high to low according to the health degree, wherein each type of fuel cell reaches the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the electric pile. And the power of each electric pile is reasonably distributed, so that each electric pile can work in a high-efficiency operation interval for a long time, the service life of the fuel cell is effectively prolonged, and the operation economy of the whole vehicle system is improved.

Description

Multi-stack fuel cell power generation system start control method, system and vehicle
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of multi-stack fuel cells, and particularly relates to a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system starting control method, a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system starting control system and a vehicle.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Due to the advantages of no pollution, high energy density and the like of the hydrogen fuel cell, the hydrogen fuel cell has great potential in the field of being used as a main power source or a standby power source for rail transit vehicles. The fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen as reactants to generate electricity and water. The conversion efficiency is high, no pollution and zero emission are realized, the development direction of vehicle-mounted energy sources is realized in the future, and the integration of the multi-stack fuel cell system is an important way for improving the power density and the energy density of the system. However, in the power distribution process of the multi-stack fuel cell system, the influence of the fuel cells with different aging degrees on the safety and stability of the system caused by the 'barrel effect' is not considered; and secondly, the efficiency problem of the fuel cell is not considered, so that the hydrogen consumption is increased, and the running economy of the whole vehicle system is reduced.
In the prior art, a scheme related to power distribution of a plurality of stacks of fuel cells exists, but the scheme distributes different powers in real time by collecting the health degree of each stack in real time, and the technical problem of the scheme is that:
the problem of the output sequence among each stack of cells is not considered, and the long-time operation of each stack in a high-efficiency operation interval is not realized, so that the method is not economical.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application provides a start control method, a start control system and a start control vehicle for a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system.
According to some embodiments, the present application employs the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, a method for controlling start-up of a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system is disclosed, comprising:
collecting the output current and the output voltage of each pile;
judging the aging degree of different fuel cells based on the collected signals and classifying the fuel cells into different categories according to the health degree;
and starting the power output according to the health degree from high to low in sequence, wherein each type of fuel cell reaches the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the electric pile.
According to a further technical scheme, when the three types of high, medium and low health degree are divided, the specific output is as follows:
the high-health electric pile outputs force first until reaching the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the high-health electric pile;
keeping the highest efficient power of the high-health-degree galvanic pile unchanged, and bearing the residual output by the middle-health-degree galvanic pile until the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the middle-health-degree galvanic pile is reached;
and keeping the highest efficient power of the high and medium-health-degree galvanic pile unchanged, and bearing the residual output by the low-health-degree galvanic pile until the power corresponding to the highest efficiency of the low-health-degree galvanic pile is reached.
According to a further technical scheme, when the aging degree of different fuel cells is judged, the degradation factor of each cell stack is used for judging, the ratio of the actual output voltage of each fuel cell stack to the ideal output voltage of each cell stack is the degradation factor of each fuel cell stack, the degradation factor represents the health degree of each fuel cell stack, and each fuel cell stack is divided into different categories based on the degradation factor.
According to a further technical scheme, when the total power of the required fuel cells is smaller than the idle power of each fuel cell stack, the total power of the required fuel cells is divided by each fuel cell stack until the total power of the required fuel cells is equal to the sum of the idle power of each fuel cell stack;
or (b)
When the total power of the required fuel cells is larger than the sum of the output powers corresponding to the maximum efficiencies of the fuel cell stacks, the fuel cell stacks share the total power of the required fuel cells.
According to a further technical scheme, when the total power of the required fuel cells is larger than the idling power of each fuel cell stack and is not higher than the sum of the output power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of one fuel cell stack and the idling power of the rest of the fuel cell stacks, the high-health-degree stack output power is the difference of the total power of the required fuel cells minus the idling power of the rest of the fuel cell stacks, and the rest of the stack output power is the idling power of the fuel cell stacks.
Further technical proposal sets the total power Pfc of the needed fuel cells, and the output power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of each fuel cell stack is P maxeff The idle power of each fuel cell stack is P 0 The output power of each fuel cell stack is P fci 。
Further technical proposal, when the total power of the fuel cell required by the system is larger than P maxeff +2*P 0 And is not higher than 2*P maxeff +P 0 At this time, the output power of the high-health electric pile is P fc1 ＝P maxeff The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output power of the middle health degree galvanic pile is P fc2 ＝Pfc-P maxeff -P 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output power of the low-health electric pile is P 0 。
Further technical proposal, when the total power of the fuel cell required by the system is more than 2*P maxeff +P 0 And is not higher than 3*P maxeff At this time, the output power of the high-health electric pile is P fc1 ＝P maxeff The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Middle health degreeThe output power of the pile is P fc2 ＝P maxeff The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output power of the low-health electric pile is P fc3 ＝Pfc-2*P maxeff 。
In a second aspect, a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system start-up control system is disclosed, comprising:
a data acquisition unit configured to: collecting the output current and the output voltage of each pile;
the energy management controller is in communication with the data acquisition unit and is configured to: judging the aging degree of different fuel cells based on the collected signals and classifying the fuel cells into different categories according to the health degree;
and sequentially outputting force from high to low according to the health degree, wherein each type of fuel cell reaches the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the electric pile.
In a third aspect, a hybrid powertrain is disclosed, comprising:
the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system, the converter, the inverter and the traction motor are sequentially connected;
the power battery is connected to a circuit between the converter and the inverter;
the energy management controller is respectively connected with the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system, the converter, the inverter, the power battery and the traction motor;
the energy management controller performs starting control on the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system according to the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system starting control method or the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system starting control system.
In a fourth aspect, a vehicle is disclosed that is powered using a hybrid powertrain.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
the method provided by the application can monitor the aging degree of the fuel cell in real time while ensuring the power required by the system, and distribute the power of different electric piles to weaken the phenomenon of the wooden barrel effect among the electric piles, and secondly, reasonably distribute the power of each electric pile, ensure that each electric pile works in a high-efficiency operation interval for a long time, effectively prolong the service life of the fuel cell and improve the operation economy of the whole vehicle system.
The electric pile works in a high-efficiency operation interval for a long time, so that the system operation economy is improved; the application distributes the output sequence by monitoring the aging degree of each pile of electricity, so that the performance of each pile of electricity is kept consistent, and the service life of a multi-pile system is prolonged.
Additional aspects of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stack fuel cell control architecture;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of fuel cell polarization curves for different degrees of aging;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a high efficiency section of a galvanic pile;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of output power at different stages of different stacks;
FIG. 5 is an overall flow chart of an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a full power control flow chart of an embodiment example of the present application.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the application will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
Embodiment one:
in the present embodiment, a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system of a rail transit vehicle is illustrated, but the start control method of the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system provided by the present application is not limited to the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system of the rail transit vehicle.
In a specific embodiment, a method for controlling the start-up of a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system is disclosed, comprising:
referring to fig. 5, the output current and output voltage of each stack are collected;
judging the aging degree of different fuel cells based on the collected signals and classifying the fuel cells into different categories according to the health degree;
and sequentially outputting force from high to low according to the health degree, wherein each type of fuel cell reaches the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the electric pile.
When the three types of high, medium and low health degree are divided, the specific output is as follows:
the high-health electric pile outputs force first until reaching the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the high-health electric pile;
keeping the highest efficient power of the high-health-degree galvanic pile unchanged, and bearing the residual output by the middle-health-degree galvanic pile until the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the middle-health-degree galvanic pile is reached;
and keeping the highest efficient power of the high and medium-health-degree galvanic pile unchanged, and bearing the residual output by the low-health-degree galvanic pile until the power corresponding to the highest efficiency of the low-health-degree galvanic pile is reached.
In a specific embodiment, the above-mentioned health degree is divided into different categories, or may be divided into multiple categories according to the health degree from large to small, for example, the number of the first health degree stack, the second health degree stack, the third health degree stack, the fourth health degree stack, etc., and the number of the specific categories may be specifically set according to the requirement or the accuracy required to be controlled.
In addition, in the embodiment of the application, when judging the aging degree of different fuel cells, judging based on the attenuation factors of the electric stacks, wherein the ratio of the actual output voltage of each fuel cell electric stack to the ideal output voltage of each electric stack is the attenuation factor of each fuel cell electric stack, representing the health degree of each fuel cell electric stack, and classifying each fuel cell electric stack into different categories based on the attenuation factors.
The higher the attenuation factor, the greater the health, and similarly the lower the attenuation factor, the lower the health. In addition, the attenuation factors of the stacks are monitored on line in real time, updated once in each control period, and the categories of the fuel cell stacks are divided in real time.
In order to better illustrate the implementation of the control method of the present application, the polarization curves of the fuel cells with different aging levels are shown in fig. 1.
The fuel cell operation economy is improved by operating the stack in the high-efficiency section [ P ] as long as possible 0 ，P maxeff ]The high efficiency interval is shown in fig. 3 below, and the experimental data can be found as shown in fig. 4: throughout the operation, the system is operated in the high efficiency interval [20kW,80kW ] most of the time]Where 80kW corresponds to the peak efficiency of the stack system and this operating 80kW power point is also a long dwell, only when the total power exceeds 240kW, the system efficiency is slightly reduced compared to efficiency in the high efficiency interval. The specific control strategy is as follows: the high-health electric pile firstly bears the output task until reaching the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the high-health electric pile, which corresponds to the 1 st stage in the figure 4; at this time, the highest efficient power of the high-health-degree galvanic pile is kept unchanged, and the residual output is born by the middle-health-degree galvanic pile until the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the middle-health-degree galvanic pile is reached, which corresponds to the 2 nd stage in fig. 4; at this time, the highest efficient power of the high and medium health degree galvanic pile is kept unchanged, and the remaining output is born by the low health degree galvanic pile until the power corresponding to the highest efficiency of the low health degree galvanic pile is reached, which corresponds to the 3 rd stage in fig. 4. Pile if the required power is three times higherThe power corresponding to the maximum efficiency is then uniformly distributed, corresponding to stage 4 in fig. 4.
Specifically, the total power Pfc of the fuel cells required by the system is set, and the output power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of each fuel cell stack is P maxeff When the system starts idling, the idling power of each fuel cell stack is P 0 The actual output voltage and current of each fuel cell stack are V fci And I fci Pile idle power P 0 The corresponding actual output voltage of the pile, i.e. the pile polarization curve in fig. 2, where ageing may exist, pile idle power P 0 The ideal output voltage of each corresponding pile is V fci_ideal The ideal voltage is known, namely, the normal pile polarization curve in fig. 2 has no life attenuation, so that the output sequence of the pile is dynamically adjusted in the whole life cycle, the consistency of the performance degradation (aging and life attenuation) of the pile in the whole life cycle is ensured, the phenomenon of wooden barrel effect is avoided, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged. The attenuation factor of each pile is lambda i Wherein lambda is i ＝V fci /V fci_ideal The output power of each fuel cell stack is P fci . And distributing power to each pile by combining a control algorithm.
Referring to fig. 6, the following 5 scenarios constitute the power allocation for the full power range of the multi-stack system. The total power of fuel cells required by the system when the system is started or the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system is less than 3*P and Pfc 0 Each fuel cell stack divides system power equally, i.e. P fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc3 =pfc/3 until pfc= 3*P 0 . Using the formula lambda i ＝V fci /V fci_ideal And evaluating the operation performance of each pile, and sequentially selecting a high-health pile, a medium-health pile and a low-health pile.
Specifically, the principle of the division is that the power is equally divided at the initial stage or the high power stage of each system start, and the stability is good.
When the total power of the fuel cell required by the system is larger than 3*P 0 And is not higher than P maxeff +2*P 0 At this time, the output power of the high-health electric pile is P fc1 =pfc-2×p0; the output power of the middle and low health degree galvanic pile is P 0 。
When the total power of the fuel cells required by the system is greater than P maxeff +2*P 0 And is not higher than 2*P maxeff +P 0 At this time, the output power of the high-health electric pile is P fc1 ＝P maxeff The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output power of the middle health degree galvanic pile is P fc2 ＝Pfc-P maxeff -P 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output power of the low-health electric pile is P 0 。
When the total power of the fuel cell required by the system is larger than 2*P maxeff +P 0 And is not higher than 3*P maxeff At this time, the output power of the high-health electric pile is P fc1 ＝P maxeff The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output power of the middle health degree galvanic pile is P fc2 ＝P maxeff The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output power of the low-health electric pile is P fc3 ＝Pfc-2*P maxeff 。
When the total power of the fuel cell required by the system is larger than 3*P maxeff Each fuel cell stack divides system power equally, i.e. P fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝Pfc/3。
Embodiment two:
based on the method of the first embodiment, the multi-stack fuel cell control system mainly includes: the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system, the unidirectional DC/DC for the fuel cells, the energy management controller and the like are shown in fig. 1, and the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system also comprises a data acquisition unit, a voltage acquisition unit and a current acquisition unit, wherein the data acquisition unit is used for respectively acquiring the output current and the output voltage of each electric stack;
the energy management controller is in communication with the data acquisition unit and is configured to: judging the aging degree of different fuel cells based on the collected signals and classifying the fuel cells into different categories according to the health degree;
and sequentially outputting force from high to low according to the health degree, wherein each type of fuel cell reaches the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the electric pile.
When the method is specifically implemented, firstly, the output current and the output voltage of each electric pile are collected, the collected signals are sent to a strategy making control unit of an energy management controller, the control unit divides the fuel cells into three types of high, medium and low health according to the aging degrees of different fuel cells, and the long-time operation is considered as a main factor causing the aging of the electric pile of the fuel cells in the process. The subsequent multi-stack fuel cell step starting control method comprises the following specific steps: the high-health-degree galvanic pile firstly bears the output task until reaching the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the high-health-degree galvanic pile; at this time, the highest efficient power of the high-health-degree galvanic pile is kept unchanged, and the residual output is born by the middle-health-degree galvanic pile until the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the middle-health-degree galvanic pile is reached; at this time, the highest efficient power of the high and medium health degree galvanic pile is kept unchanged, and the residual output is born by the low health degree galvanic pile until the power corresponding to the highest efficiency of the low health degree galvanic pile is reached. If the required power is higher than the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the three times of electric pile, adopting a uniform distribution strategy.
Embodiment III:
this embodiment discloses a hybrid system including:
the fuel cell system, the converter, the inverter and the traction motor are connected in sequence;
the fuel cell system, the converter, the inverter and the traction motor are connected in sequence;
the power battery is connected to a circuit between the converter and the inverter;
the energy management controller is respectively connected to the fuel cell system, the converter, the inverter, the power battery and the traction motor;
the energy management controller performs starting control on the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system according to the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system starting control method or the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system starting control system.
Embodiment III:
this example discloses a vehicle that is powered using the hybrid system described above. The train can be a motor train unit, a high-speed rail unit and the like.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the application, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the application as defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. A start-up control method of a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system, comprising:
collecting the output current and the output voltage of each pile;
judging the aging degree of different fuel cells based on the collected output current and output voltage and classifying the fuel cells into different categories according to the health degree;
starting output according to the health degree from big to small in sequence;
when the total power of the required fuel cells is smaller than the idle power of each fuel cell stack, dividing the total power of the required fuel cells by each fuel cell stack until the total power of the required fuel cells is equal to the sum of the idle power of each fuel cell stack;
when the total power of the required fuel cells is larger than the sum of the output powers corresponding to the maximum efficiencies of the fuel cell stacks, the fuel cell stacks share the total power of the required fuel cells.
2. The start-up control method of a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein when divided into three categories of high, medium, and low health, specific output is:
the high-health electric pile outputs force first until reaching the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the high-health electric pile;
keeping the highest efficient power of the high-health-degree galvanic pile unchanged, and bearing the residual output by the middle-health-degree galvanic pile until the power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of the middle-health-degree galvanic pile is reached;
and keeping the highest efficient power of the high and medium-health-degree galvanic pile unchanged, and bearing the residual output by the low-health-degree galvanic pile until the power corresponding to the highest efficiency of the low-health-degree galvanic pile is reached.
3. The method for controlling the start-up of a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein when the degree of aging of the different fuel cells is determined, the determination is made based on the attenuation factor of each stack, the ratio of the actual output voltage of each fuel cell stack to the ideal output voltage of each stack is the attenuation factor of each fuel cell stack, the health of each fuel cell stack is represented, and each fuel cell stack is classified into different categories based on the attenuation factors.
4. The method of controlling start-up of a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein when the total power of the required fuel cells is greater than the idling power of each fuel cell stack and not greater than the sum of the output power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of one fuel cell stack and the idling power of the remaining fuel cell stacks, the high-health-degree stack output power is the difference of the total power of the required fuel cells minus the idling power of the remaining fuel cell stacks, and the remaining stack output power is the idling power of the fuel cell stacks.
5. The start-up control method of a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein a total power Pfc of the fuel cells required is set, and an output power corresponding to a maximum efficiency of each fuel cell stack is P maxeff The idle power of each fuel cell stack is P 0 The output power of each fuel cell stack is P fci ；
When the total power of the fuel cells required by the system is greater than P maxeff +2*P 0 And is not higher than 2*P maxeff +P 0 At this time, the output power of the high-health electric pile is P fc1 =P maxeff The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output power of the middle health degree galvanic pile is P fc2 =Pfc-P maxeff -P 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Low health electric pile output power P 0 。
6. The start-up control method for a multi-stack fuel cell power generation system as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the total power of the fuel cells required for the system is greater than 2*P maxeff +P 0 And is not higher than 3*P maxeff At this time, the output power of the high-health electric pile is P fc1 =P maxeff The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Middle health degree electric pile output powerIs P fc2 = P maxeff The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Low health electric pile output power P fc3 =Pfc-2* P maxeff 。
7. A multi-stack fuel cell power generation system start-up control system, comprising:
a data acquisition unit configured to: collecting the output current and the output voltage of each pile;
the energy management controller is in communication with the data acquisition unit and is configured to: judging the aging degree of different fuel cells based on the collected output current and output voltage and classifying the fuel cells into different categories according to the health degree;
starting output according to the health degree from big to small in sequence;
when the total power of the required fuel cells is smaller than the idle power of each fuel cell stack, dividing the total power of the required fuel cells by each fuel cell stack until the total power of the required fuel cells is equal to the sum of the idle power of each fuel cell stack;
when the total power of the required fuel cells is larger than the sum of the output powers corresponding to the maximum efficiencies of the fuel cell stacks, the fuel cell stacks share the total power of the required fuel cells.
8. A hybrid powertrain, comprising:
the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system, the converter, the inverter and the traction motor are sequentially connected;
the power battery is connected to a circuit between the converter and the inverter;
the energy management controller is respectively connected with the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system, the converter, the inverter, the power battery and the traction motor;
the energy management controller performs start-up control of the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system according to the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system start-up control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system start-up control system according to claim 7.
9. A vehicle powered by the hybrid system of claim 8.
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