CN115149053A - Fuzzy regulation-based multi-stack fuel cell system load power distribution method - Google Patents
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuzzy regulation-based multi-stack fuel cell system load power distribution method, which comprises the following steps: constructing a multi-stack fuel cell system of a power ship; the power ship multi-stack fuel cell system comprises: three sets of PEMFC monomers, storage batteries and propulsion system loads; distributing load power for a power ship multi-stack fuel cell system by adopting a hybrid power ship energy management strategy; the hybrid vessel energy management strategy comprises: the system comprises a storage battery, a multi-stack fuel cell system energy management strategy and a PEMFC single energy management strategy. The invention has the beneficial effects that: through the power distribution between the reasonable distribution storage battery and the multi-pile fuel cell set, the working number of the PEMFC monomers is switched, the output power of the PEMFC is reasonably distributed, the voltage fluctuation of a bus is effectively reduced, the stability, the reliability and the efficiency of the fuel cell set of a system are improved, and the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell is effectively saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery power management, in particular to a fuzzy regulation-based multi-stack fuel cell system load power distribution method.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell, the emission of which is pure water, has the advantages of high efficiency, little pollution and the like, and is considered to be one of the most ideal energy sources in the new century. The use of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) in the transportation industry has made a great deal of research by scholars at home and abroad. However, the power level of the PEMFC monomer is low, the PEMFC has insufficient durability and high cost, and the large-scale use of the PEMFC in the transportation industry is greatly limited.
Aiming at the problem of low power of a PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) monomer, domestic and foreign scholars propose a method for merging two or more stacks of fuel cells into a system. Marx proposes that the PEMFC system is put into operation in a multi-stack cooperative operation mode, and the power level and the overall efficiency of the system are greatly improved. Nathalie Heerr provides a multi-stack fuel cell system management method for prolonging the service life of a system and constructing a framework of prediction and health management. Long Rong provides a multi-module battery system control method formed by a plurality of fuel batteries and super capacitors based on multi-mode passive control for a vehicle-mounted multi-module fuel battery. Yin Zhangwen provides a method for distributing power of a hybrid power source system formed by a multi-module fuel cell and a super capacitor which are connected in parallel based on mode division. 5363 and aiming at the problem of power distribution of multi-stack fuel cells in the field of multi-rail transportation, zhu Yanan provides a method for efficiency coordination and optimization of a multi-stack fuel cell system based on power self-adaptive distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of low power of a PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) monomer, the method for distributing the load power of a multi-stack fuel cell system based on fuzzy regulation is provided, the power output of a storage battery and the PEMFC monomer is reasonably managed according to the parameters of the SOC (State of Charge) of the storage battery, the load power of a propulsion system and the like, the PEMFC and the storage battery work in a high-efficiency area as much as possible, the bus voltage is kept stable, and meanwhile, the hydrogen fuel consumption of the hybrid power ship energy is reduced.
The multi-stack fuel cell system load power distribution method based on fuzzy regulation comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a multi-stack fuel cell system of a power ship;
the power ship multi-stack fuel cell system comprises: three sets of PEMFC cells, storage batteries, and propulsion system loads;
the storage battery is connected to the direct current bus through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the PEMFC monomers are connected to the direct current bus in parallel through a unidirectional DC/DC converter respectively; the PEMFC monomer is connected with the storage battery in parallel;
the storage battery is electrically connected with the propulsion system load through the unidirectional DC/DC;
s2, distributing load power for the power ship multi-pile fuel cell system by adopting a hybrid power ship energy management strategy;
the hybrid vessel energy management strategy comprises: the system comprises a storage battery, a multi-stack fuel cell system energy management strategy and a PEMFC single energy management strategy.
Further, the energy management strategy of the storage battery and multi-stack fuel cell system adopts a fuzzy control method to realize power distribution between the storage battery and the multi-stack fuel cell stack, which is specifically as follows:
wherein, P fc-all Inputting reference power to the front end of the multi-stack fuel cell stack; p is load Loading power for a marine propulsion system; k is the ratio of the input reference power of the front end of the multi-stack fuel cell stack and the system load power; p is bat For output of power from the accumulator, propulsion system load power P load And the SOC of the storage battery is used as two input variables of the fuzzy controller, and the front-end reference power P of the multi-stack fuel cell stack fc-al And the propulsion system load power P load As a single output variable.
The PEMFC monomer energy management strategy is specifically as follows:
P fci ＝P fc-all /n
P fci >＝P min
P fci <＝P max
wherein i =1,2,3; n =1,2,3; pfci is the ith PEMFC monomer output power, P fc-all Inputting reference power to the front end of the multi-stack fuel cell stack; n is the input PEMFC unitThe number of bodies;
the strategy is as follows:
when P is more than or equal to 0 fc-all ＜P min Three PEMFC monomers are all started, and the lowest output power, namely P, is kept fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝P min ；
When P is present min ≤P fc-all ≤P s1 When starting one PEMFC monomer in the three PEMFC monomers, the other two PEMFC monomers keep the lowest output power, namely P fc1 ＝P fc-all /2，P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝P min ；P s1 Is a preset first power threshold;
when P is present s1 ＜P fc-all ≤P s2 When the power is turned on, two PEMFC monomers in the three PEMF monomers are started, and the rest PEMFC monomer keeps the lowest output power, namely P fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc-all /2，P fc3 ＝P min ；P s1 Is a preset second power threshold;
when P is s2 ＜P fc-all ≤P max When starting three PEMFC monomers, i.e. P fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝P fc-all /3。
The beneficial effects provided by the invention are as follows: through the power distribution between the reasonable distribution storage battery and the multi-pile fuel cell set, the working number of the PEMFC monomers is switched, the output power of the PEMFC is reasonably distributed, the voltage fluctuation of a bus is effectively reduced, the stability, the reliability and the efficiency of the fuel cell set of a system are improved, and the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell is effectively saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-fleet fuel cell system for a power vessel according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power demand membership function;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of SOC membership functions;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an output coefficient membership function;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fuzzy control surface;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of DC bus voltage using a power equal share strategy;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of DC bus power using a power equal share strategy;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of DC bus voltage ripple using a power equal share strategy;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell power curve employing a power equal division strategy;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the mass of hydrogen consumed using a power equal allocation strategy;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of hydrogen consumption flow using a power equal division strategy;
FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of a battery SOC curve employing a power equal share strategy;
FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of a DC bus voltage employing the strategy of the present application;
FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of DC bus power employing the strategy of the present application;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of DC bus voltage ripple using the strategy of the present application;
FIG. 17 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell power curve employing the strategy of the present application;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the mass of hydrogen consumed using the strategy of the present application;
FIG. 19 is a schematic of hydrogen consumption flow using the strategy of the present application;
FIG. 20 is a schematic representation of a battery SOC curve employing the strategy of the present application;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a battery state employing a power equal allocation strategy;
FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a battery state employing the strategy of the present application;
FIG. 23 is a schematic of hydrogen consumption using a power equal share strategy;
figure 24 is a schematic of hydrogen consumption using the strategy of the present application.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method according to the present invention;
the invention provides a fuzzy regulation-based multi-stack fuel cell system load power distribution method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a multi-stack fuel cell system of a power ship;
referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-fleet fuel cell system of a power ship according to the present invention;
the power ship multi-stack fuel cell system comprises: three sets of PEMFC cells, storage batteries, and propulsion system loads;
the storage battery is connected to the direct current bus through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the PEMFC monomers are connected to the direct current bus in parallel through a unidirectional DC/DC; the PEMFC monomer is connected with the storage battery in parallel;
the storage battery is electrically connected with the propulsion system load through the unidirectional DC/DC;
it should be noted that, this structure allows the PEMFC to be controlled individually by the converter, which greatly improves the system reliability [8], three PEMFCs are used as the main propulsion energy sources, the PEMFC generates direct current, and the direct current is boosted to direct current bus voltage by unidirectional DC/DC conversion. According to requirements, the parameters of the hybrid ship propulsion system are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 hybrid System parameters
It should be noted that, the ship is propelled by using a dc motor, so in the present application, the electric propulsion system is equivalent to a controllable resistive load for simulating the power demand of the hybrid power system, that is, the load in the present application is the electric propulsion system of the ship.
S2, distributing load power for the power ship multi-pile fuel cell system by adopting a hybrid power ship energy management strategy;
for a better explanation of the present disclosure, a conventional equal distribution management strategy will be briefly described as follows.
Currently, a more common energy management strategy is a power equal allocation strategy, i.e. the equal output power per PEMFC, can be expressed as:
in the formula, pf c-i Outputting power for the ith PEMFC monomer; p load Loading power to the propulsion system; ki is the output power coefficient of the ith PEMFC; n is the number of single fuel cells in the multi-stack fuel cell.
In the energy management of a multi-stack fuel cell system, the output characteristics of the method are consistent with those of a single PEMFC, the efficiency is higher in a high-power interval, the control result is ideal, but in a low-load power interval, the multi-stack fuel cell is in a low-efficiency interval for a long time, the efficiency is low, and the service life of the PEMFC is adversely affected. Meanwhile, the power equal-share distribution control strategy does not fully exert the peak clipping and valley filling characteristics of the storage battery, and the efficiency and stability of the whole energy system have certain defects.
In the present application, the hybrid vessel energy management strategy includes: the system comprises a storage battery, a multi-stack fuel cell system energy management strategy and a PEMFC single energy management strategy.
Aiming at the problem that the traditional equal-rate power distribution strategy is insufficient in utilization of the storage battery, the application provides a fuzzy control-based method for realizing power distribution between the storage battery and a multi-pile fuel cell stack; the energy management strategy of the storage battery and multi-pile fuel cell system realizes power distribution between the storage battery and the multi-pile fuel cell set by adopting a fuzzy control method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein, P fc-all Inputting reference power to the front end of the multi-stack fuel cell stack; p load Loading power for a marine propulsion system; k is a multi-stackThe ratio of the reference power and the system load power is input to the front end of the fuel cell stack; p bat Outputting power for the storage battery;
the design principle of the energy management strategy is to enable the hybrid power system to meet the load power requirement of the propulsion system, and the SOC of the storage battery is controlled in a reasonable interval.
Selecting the load power P of a propulsion system of a ship in actual sailing load And the SOC of the storage battery is used as two input variables of the fuzzy controller, and the front-end reference power P of the multi-pile fuel cell stack is selected fc-al And the propulsion system load power P load The coefficient of the ratio K of (a) as a single output variable.
The method aims at the goals of meeting the load power of a propulsion system, fully utilizing the charge-discharge function of a storage battery, reducing the power fluctuation of a fuel cell stack, reducing the hydrogen consumption, maintaining the SOC of the storage battery in a high-efficiency interval and the like. The application designs a fuzzy control rule base shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 fuzzy control rules Table
The propulsion system load power Pload is expressed from zero to maximum as VL to VH for a total of 5 states, with the membership function shown in fig. 3. The SOC states from zero to maximum are expressed as L to H, and the membership function is shown in FIG. 4. The coefficient of proportionality K is expressed from zero to maximum as L to VH for a total of 5 states, the membership function is shown in FIG. 5, and the fuzzy control rule curve is shown in FIG. 6.
The PEMFC cell energy management strategy is further described below.
To simplify the analysis, the PEMFC monomer state is considered approximately the same.
On the premise, when the number of the PEMFC monomers which are put into the starting process is determined, the output power of each PEMFC is equal, and the overall efficiency of the system is optimal.
After the power required to be output by the multi-stack fuel cell stack is obtained through calculation, the power curve of the fuel cell is referred to, the number of the PEMFC monomers with equal average power is determined, and the input reference power at the front end of the multi-stack fuel cell stack is equally divided and used as the output reference power of the PEMFC monomers.
In order to prevent the PEMFC monomer from being frequently started and stopped due to the fact that the reference power of the PEMFC monomer is too low when the ship is at medium-low load power, and the PEMFC monomer is frequently started and stopped to damage the PEMFC monomer, the service life of the PEMFC is prolonged, the lower limit of the output power of the PEMFC monomer is set to be 6kW at the lowest output power, and the maximum output power is 133kW.
The PEMFC monomer energy management strategy is specifically as follows:
P fci ＝P fc-all /n
P fci >＝P min
P fci <＝P max
wherein i =1,2,3; n =1,2,3; pfci is the ith PEMFC monomer output power, P fc-all Inputting reference power to the front end of the multi-stack fuel cell stack; n is the number of the added PEMFC monomers;
as an example, namely
The management strategy is specifically as follows:
when P is more than or equal to 0 fc-all ＜P min Three PEMFC monomers are all started and the lowest output power, namely P, is kept fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝P min ；
When P is present min ≤P fc-all ≤P s1 When starting one PEMFC monomer in the three PEMFC monomers, the other two PEMFC monomers keep the lowest output power, namely P fc1 ＝P fc-all /2，P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝P min ；P s1 Is a preset first power threshold;
when P is present s1 ＜P fc-all ≤P s2 When the power is turned on, two PEMFC monomers in the three PEMF monomers are started, and the rest PEMFC monomer keeps the lowest output power, namely P fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc-all /2，P fc3 ＝P min ；P s1 Is a preset second power threshold;
when P is s2 ＜P fc-all ≤P max When starting three PEMFC monomers, i.e. P fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝P fc-all /3。
As an example, namely:
when P is more than or equal to 0 fc-all Less than 6kw, three PEMFC monomers were started, maintaining the lowest output power, i.e., P fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝6kw；
When 6kw is less than or equal to P fc-all At 48kw or less, one PEMFC monomer is started, and the other two PEMFC monomers keep the lowest output power, namely P fc1 ＝P fc-all /2，P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝6kw；P s1 Is a preset first power threshold;
when 48kw < P fc-all At 104kw or less, two PEMFC monomers of the three PEMF monomers are started, and the remaining PEMFC monomer keeps the lowest output power, namely P fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc-all /2，P fc3 ＝6kw；P s1 Is a preset second power threshold;
when 104kw < P fc-all At 133kw or less, three PEMFC monomers, i.e. P, are started fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝P fc-all /3。
As an embodiment, the simulation model of the main parameters of the hybrid power system is built in Matlab/Simulink software, and the main parameters are listed in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Main parameters of the hybrid powertrain
If a power equal-rate distribution strategy is adopted and the output ends of the DC/DC converters are connected in parallel to the direct current bus, under the condition that the working modes of the load and the PEMFC are changed continuously, as shown in figure 7. The voltage of the direct-current bus is stably kept at about 600V, the power following is overall good, and the fluctuation is not more than 3% as shown in FIG. 8. Analysis shows that in 24.67s, under the scene of sudden change of the load power of the propulsion system, the power equal-share strategy has a large voltage fluctuation, as shown in fig. 9, the fluctuation amplitude is as high as 7.83%, and there is a great risk to the safety and stability of the system.
The output of each PEMFC is equal and is shown in FIG. 10, but the PEMFC has a low efficiency in the interval of 5-14 s and the interval of 35-50 s, and the hydrogen consumption is greatly close to 0.11g, as shown in FIG. 11; the hydrogen consumption volume was 3738mL, as shown in FIG. 12. Meanwhile, the battery SOC tended to decrease (from 0.5 to 0.4996), and was not stably controlled, as shown in fig. 13.
By adopting the energy management strategy provided by the application, as shown in fig. 14, the bus voltage can be stably maintained at 600V, the fluctuation rate is less than 3%, and the power following is good, as shown in fig. 15. At 24.67s, under the scene that the load power of the propulsion system changes and increases suddenly, the voltage fluctuation is effectively inhibited, so that the fluctuation is maintained within 3% (compared with the voltage fluctuation of a power sharing strategy, which is 7.83%, the voltage fluctuation is reduced by half), and as shown in fig. 16, the safety and the stability of the system are effectively ensured.
As shown in fig. 17, according to the requirements of different propulsion system load powers, the number of PEMFC monomers put into equal power sharing is relatively fast to realize switching, the output power changes stably, and the hydrogen consumption quality is 0.0875g, as shown in fig. 18; the hydrogen consumption volume was 3223mL, as shown in FIG. 19, and the battery state change was as shown in FIG. 20.
For ease of understanding, the comparison results of the two strategies are summarized in table 4, taking the SOC =0.5 mode of the battery as an example.
Comparison of two control strategies in table 4soc =0.5
When the battery SOC =0.2, the battery SOC is decreased from 0.2 to 0.189 in the power equal-share strategy, as shown in fig. 21. Under the energy management strategy of fuzzy control, the storage battery SOC is firstly reduced from 0.2 to 0.1996,5 seconds and then the PEMFC is started to become a main power source, and when the load power requirement of a propulsion system is met, as shown in FIG. 22, the storage battery is charged, and the storage battery SOC is increased to 0.2002.
Under the SOC =0.2 mode, the storage battery is in a low-charge state area, and the hybrid power system needs to be charged while meeting the load power of the propulsion system, so that the SOC of the storage battery is in a reasonable interval. Referring to fig. 23, the power equal share strategy in this mode, the hydrogen consumption is 3738mL; referring to fig. 24, the hydrogen consumption of the control strategy proposed in the present application is 4136mL, and the system charges the battery while meeting the power of the propulsion system load.
Taking the SOC =0.2 mode of the battery as an example, the comparison results of the two strategies are summarized in table 5.
Comparison of two control strategies at Table 5SOC =0.2
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the system dynamically adjusts the output power distribution coefficient K of the multi-pile fuel cell stack and the storage battery according to the load power of the propulsion system and the SOC of the storage battery, dynamically distributes the number of the PEMFC monomers which are put into bearing power output, and verifies through Matlab/Simulink simulation. Simulation results show that the hybrid power system can quickly follow the load power of a propulsion system, and meanwhile, the working number of the PEMFC monomers is switched by reasonably distributing the power distribution between a storage battery and a multi-pile fuel cell pack, so that the output power of the PEMFC is reasonably distributed, the voltage fluctuation of a bus is effectively reduced, the stability and the reliability of the system and the efficiency of the fuel cell pack are improved, and the hydrogen consumption of a hydrogen fuel cell is effectively saved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The fuzzy regulation based multi-stack fuel cell system load power distribution method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a multi-pile fuel cell system of a power ship;
the power ship multi-stack fuel cell system comprises: three sets of PEMFC cells, storage batteries, and propulsion system loads;
the storage battery is connected to the direct current bus through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the PEMFC monomers are connected to the direct current bus in parallel through a unidirectional DC/DC converter respectively; the PEMFC monomer is connected with the storage battery in parallel;
the storage battery is electrically connected with the propulsion system load through the unidirectional DC/DC;
s2, distributing load power for the power ship multi-pile fuel cell system by adopting a hybrid power ship energy management strategy;
the hybrid vessel energy management strategy comprises: the system comprises a storage battery, a multi-stack fuel cell system energy management strategy and a PEMFC single energy management strategy.
2. The fuzzy regulation-based multi-stack fuel cell system load power distribution method of claim 1, wherein: the energy management strategy of the storage battery and multi-pile fuel cell system realizes power distribution between the storage battery and the multi-pile fuel cell group by adopting a fuzzy control method, which comprises the following specific steps:
wherein, P fc-all Inputting reference power to the front end of the multi-stack fuel cell stack; p load Loading power for a marine propulsion system; k is the ratio of the input reference power of the front end of the multi-stack fuel cell stack and the system load power; p bat For output of power from the accumulator, propulsion system load power P load And battery SOC as two input variables of a fuzzy controller, multi-stack fuel cell stackFront-end reference power P fc-al And the propulsion system load power P load As a single output variable.
3. The fuzzy regulation-based multi-stack fuel cell system load power distribution method of claim 1, wherein: the PEMFC monomer energy management strategy is specifically as follows:
P fci ＝P fc-all /n
P fci >＝P min
P fci <＝P max
wherein i =1,2,3; n =1,2,3; pfci is the ith PEMFC monomer output power, P fc-all Inputting reference power to the front end of the multi-stack fuel cell stack; n is the number of the added PEMFC monomers;
the strategy is as follows:
when P is more than or equal to 0 fc-all ＜P min Three PEMFC monomers are all started, and the lowest output power, namely P, is kept fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝P min ；
When P is present min ≤P fc-all ≤P s1 When starting one PEMFC monomer in the three PEMFC monomers, the other two PEMFC monomers keep the lowest output power, namely P fc1 ＝P fc-all /2，P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝P min ；P s1 Is a preset first power threshold;
when P is s1 ＜P fc-all ≤P s2 When the power is turned on, two PEMFC monomers in the three PEMF monomers are started, and the rest PEMFC monomer keeps the lowest output power, namely P fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc-all /2，P fc3 ＝P min ；P s1 Is a preset second power threshold;
when P is s2 ＜P fc-all ≤P max When starting up three PEMFC monomers, i.e. P fc1 ＝P fc2 ＝P fc3 ＝P fc-all /3。
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