CN113857695A - CNC _ Z-axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm - Google Patents
CNC _ Z-axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm Download PDFInfo
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- CN113857695A CN113857695A CN202111315448.9A CN202111315448A CN113857695A CN 113857695 A CN113857695 A CN 113857695A CN 202111315448 A CN202111315448 A CN 202111315448A CN 113857695 A CN113857695 A CN 113857695A
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- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a CNC _ Z axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm, S1, preparation work: the invention discloses a laser cutting method, which comprises the steps of firstly installing a capacitance sensor on a nozzle of a laser cutting head, placing a workpiece to be processed on a numerical control machine table for fixing, and controlling the distance between the laser cutting head and the surface of the workpiece according to the required processing distance. This CNC _ Z axle laser cutting follow-up control algorithm, through installing capacitive sensor on the laser cutting head nozzle, the electric capacity signal who utilizes capacitive sensor to detect sends the electric capacity and detects the chip to, electric capacity detects the chip and transmits voltage signal to the PID controller, and the control of PID controller is adjusted, thereby the fast effect of CNC _ Z axle laser cutting follow-up response speed has been realized, simultaneously the CNC axle both can satisfy CNC control and can be by PLC follow-up control, make its application scope more extensive, thereby the precision of CNC _ Z axle laser cutting follow-up control has been improved, make the quality of processing product improve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a CNC-Z-axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm.
Background
The laser cutting is to irradiate a workpiece by using a focused high-power-density laser beam, so that the irradiated material is rapidly melted, vaporized and ablated or reaches a burning point, and meanwhile, the melted substance is blown off by high-speed airflow coaxial with the laser beam, so that the workpiece is cut off, the laser cutting belongs to one of thermal cutting methods, the material is rapidly heated to the vaporization temperature by the laser cutting, holes are formed by evaporation, and the holes continuously form a cutting seam with a narrow width (such as about 0.1 mm) along with the movement of the material by the laser beam, so that the material is cut.
The axis control of the traditional CNC system cannot adopt PLC code control, NC code control codes are complex to compile and poor in readability, and in the signal transmission process of follow-up control, the signal response rate is low, the signal deviation value generated by control machining is large, and the follow-up control algorithm of CNC-Z axis laser cutting is easy to cause large influence on subsequent product machining.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a CNC-Z-axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm, which solves the problems that the axis control of the traditional CNC system cannot adopt PLC code control, NC code control codes are complicated to compile, the readability is poor, the signal response rate is slow, and the signal deviation value is easy to cause to be larger.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a CNC _ Z-axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation: firstly, a capacitance sensor is arranged on a nozzle of a laser cutting head, a workpiece to be processed is placed on a numerical control machine for fixing, the distance between the laser cutting head and the surface of the workpiece is controlled according to the required processing distance, and a distance sensor is arranged at the processing distance for detecting the corresponding processing distance;
s2, simulation experiment: comparing the two different experiments, and recording the processes and results in the two experiments and the quality of the final processed product;
experiment one: controlling the cutting of the laser cutting head by using a traditional CNC system shaft;
experiment two: controlling the cutting of the laser cutting head by using a CNC _ Z shaft;
s3, experimental comparison: and correspondingly comparing the processes and results of the two experiments, and detecting and analyzing the processed workpiece.
Preferably, the capacitance sensor in S1 is configured to transmit the detected capacitance signal to the capacitance detection chip, and the capacitance detection chip is configured to receive the detected capacitance signal and output a corresponding voltage signal, and transmit the voltage signal to the PID controller through the capacitance detection chip for control operation.
Preferably, in the process of signal transmission of the capacitance detection chip, a calculation formula of the PID controller for signal transmission is as follows:
kp is proportional gain of the controller, and the Kp and the proportional degree form reciprocal relation; tt is an integration time constant; TD is a differential time constant; u (t) is the output signal of the PID controller; e (t) is the difference between the given value r (t) and the measured value.
Preferably, when the PID controller is used, there is a large disturbance or a large change of the given value, because there is a large deviation, and the system has inertia and hysteresis, under the action of the integral term, there will be a large overshoot and a long-time fluctuation, and the integral separation measure is adopted, that is, when the deviation is large, the integral effect is cancelled; when the deviation is small, the integral action is put into use so as to regulate the output value of the PID controller.
Preferably, when the output value of the PID controller is subjected to the regulation control, the discretization formula of the PID control algorithm is as follows: Δ u (t) ═ q0e(t)+q1e(t-1)+q2e (t-2), when | e (t) | ≦ β,
wherein u (t) is the output value of the controller; e (t) is the error between the controller input and the set point; kp is a proportionality coefficient; ti is an integral time constant; td is the differential time constant; t is the regulation period; beta is the integral separation threshold.
Preferably, signals transmitted by the capacitance sensor, the capacitance detection chip and the PID controller need to be processed, wherein when the electric signal is weak, the electric signal needs to be amplified; when noise is mixed, the noise needs to be filtered; when the frequency is not suitable for transmission, modulation and demodulation are needed; when the signal is distorted, the signal needs to be balanced; when the signal types are many, identification is required.
Preferably, in the second experiment of S2, when the CNC _ Z axis controls the laser cutting head to cut, the capacitance between the cutting head and the workpiece changes along with the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece, and the change of the measured capacitance can be known as the change of the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece, and at this time, the cutting head is driven by the servo system and the motor to move up and down through the processing of the feedback system, so that the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece is within the constant range of the set value.
Preferably, the process and conclusion of two experiments in S3:
the result of the first experiment: the axis operation of the traditional CNC system can only be controlled through the CNC system, PLC codes cannot be adopted for control, and the problem of unevenness of a processed product exists;
the second experiment results: the CNC _ Z axis can meet CNC control and can be controlled by a PLC in a follow-up mode, the response speed of the Z axis is high, and the surface of a processed product is smooth.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a CNC _ Z axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the CNC _ Z axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm comprises the following steps of S1 setting, preparation: install capacitive sensor at first on laser cutting head nozzle to place the work piece of required processing and fix on numerical control machine tool, control the distance of laser cutting head and work piece surface according to required processing distance, and install distance sensor at the distance department of processing and detect corresponding processing distance, S2, simulation experiment: the comparison was made by two different experiments and the process, results and quality of the final processed product in the two sets of experiments were recorded: experiment one: controlling the cutting of the laser cutting head by using a traditional CNC system shaft; experiment two: controlling the cutting of the laser cutting head by using a CNC _ Z shaft, and S3, experimental comparison: carry out corresponding contrast with the process and the result of two kinds of experiments, and detect and the analysis to the work piece after the processing, through installing capacitive sensor on the laser cutting head nozzle, the electric capacity signal who utilizes capacitive sensor to detect sends the electric capacity and detects the chip to, and detect the chip through electric capacity and transmit voltage signal to the PID controller, and the control of PID controller is adjusted, thereby the fast effect of CNC _ Z axle laser cutting follow-up response speed has been realized, simultaneously the CNC axle both can satisfy CNC control and can be by PLC follow-up control again, make its application scope more extensive, thereby the precision of CNC _ Z axle laser cutting follow-up control has been improved, make the quality of processing product improve.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an experimental flow chart of the servo control of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a CNC _ Z-axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation: firstly, a capacitance sensor is arranged on a nozzle of a laser cutting head, a workpiece to be processed is placed on a numerical control machine for fixing, the distance between the laser cutting head and the surface of the workpiece is controlled according to the required processing distance, and a distance sensor is arranged at the processing distance for detecting the corresponding processing distance;
s2, simulation experiment: comparing the two different experiments, and recording the processes and results in the two experiments and the quality of the final processed product;
experiment one: controlling the cutting of the laser cutting head by using a traditional CNC system shaft;
experiment two: controlling the cutting of the laser cutting head by using a CNC _ Z shaft;
s3, experimental comparison: and correspondingly comparing the processes and results of the two experiments, and detecting and analyzing the processed workpiece.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the capacitive sensor in S1 is configured to transmit the detected capacitive signal to the capacitive detection chip, and the capacitive detection chip is configured to receive the detected capacitive signal and output a corresponding voltage signal, and transmit the voltage signal to the PID controller through the capacitive detection chip for control operation.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the process of signal transmission of the capacitance detection chip, the transmission calculation formula of the PID controller for the signal is as follows:
kp is proportional gain of the controller, and the Kp and the proportional degree form reciprocal relation; tt is an integration time constant; TD is a differential time constant; u (t) is the output signal of the PID controller; e (t) is the difference between the given value r (t) and the measured value.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the PID controller is used and has large disturbance or changes a given value greatly, because the PID controller has large deviation and the system has inertia and hysteresis, large overshoot and long-time fluctuation are often generated under the action of an integral term, and an integral separation measure is adopted, namely, the integral function is cancelled when the deviation is large; when the deviation is small, the integral action is put into use so as to regulate the output value of the PID controller.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the output value of the PID controller is regulated and controlled, the discretization formula of the PID control algorithm is as follows: Δ u (t) ═ q0e(t)+q1e(t-1)+q2e (t-2), when | e (t) | ≦ β,
wherein u (t) is the output value of the controller; e (t) is the error between the controller input and the set point; kp is a proportionality coefficient; ti is an integral time constant; td is the differential time constant; t is the regulation period; beta is the integral separation threshold.
In the embodiment of the invention, signals transmitted by the capacitance sensor, the capacitance detection chip and the PID controller need to be processed, wherein when the electric signals are weak, the signals need to be amplified; when noise is mixed, the noise needs to be filtered; when the frequency is not suitable for transmission, modulation and demodulation are needed; when the signal is distorted, the signal needs to be balanced; when the signal types are many, identification is required.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the second experiment of S2, when the CNC _ Z axis controls the laser cutting head to cut, the capacitance value between the cutting head and the workpiece changes with the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece, and the change of the measured capacitance value can know the change of the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece, and at this time, the servo system and the motor drive the cutting head to move up and down through the processing of the feedback system, so that the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece is within the constant range of the set value.
In the embodiment of the invention, the process and conclusion of two experiments in S3 are as follows:
the result of the first experiment: the axis operation of the traditional CNC system can only be controlled through the CNC system, PLC codes cannot be adopted for control, and the problem of unevenness of a processed product exists;
the second experiment results: the CNC _ Z axis can meet CNC control and can be controlled by a PLC in a follow-up mode, the response speed of the Z axis is high, and the surface of a processed product is smooth.
In conclusion, through installing capacitive sensor on the laser cutting head nozzle, utilize capacitive signal that capacitive sensor detected to send to the electric capacity and detect the chip to detect the chip with voltage signal transmission to the PID controller through electric capacity and detect the chip, and the control regulation of PID controller, thereby realized that CNC _ Z axle laser cutting follow-up response speed is fast effect, the CNC axle both can satisfy CNC control and can be by PLC follow-up control simultaneously, make its application scope more extensive, thereby improved CNC _ Z axle laser cutting follow-up control's precision, make the quality of processing product improve.
And those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of those in the art.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A CNC _ Z-axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation: firstly, a capacitance sensor is arranged on a nozzle of a laser cutting head, a workpiece to be processed is placed on a numerical control machine for fixing, the distance between the laser cutting head and the surface of the workpiece is controlled according to the required processing distance, and a distance sensor is arranged at the processing distance for detecting the corresponding processing distance;
s2, simulation experiment: comparing the two different experiments, and recording the processes and results in the two experiments and the quality of the final processed product;
experiment one: controlling the cutting of the laser cutting head by using a traditional CNC system shaft;
experiment two: controlling the cutting of the laser cutting head by using a CNC _ Z shaft;
s3, experimental comparison: and correspondingly comparing the processes and results of the two experiments, and detecting and analyzing the processed workpiece.
2. The CNC _ Z axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm of claim 1, wherein: and the capacitance sensor in the step S1 is used for transmitting the detected capacitance signal to the capacitance detection chip, and the capacitance detection chip is used for receiving the detected capacitance signal and outputting a corresponding voltage signal, and the voltage signal is transmitted to the PID controller through the capacitance detection chip for control operation.
3. The CNC _ Z axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm of claim 2, wherein: in the process of signal transmission of the capacitance detection chip, a transmission calculation formula of the PID controller for signals is as follows:
kp is proportional gain of the controller, and the Kp and the proportional degree form reciprocal relation; tt is an integration time constant; TD is a differential time constant; u (t) is the output signal of the PID controller; e (t) is the difference between the given value r (t) and the measured value.
4. The CNC _ Z axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm of claim 2, wherein: when the PID controller is used, large disturbance or large change of a given value exists, and the system has inertia and hysteresis, so that large overshoot and long-time fluctuation are often generated under the action of an integral term, and an integral separation measure is adopted, namely, the integral action is cancelled when the deviation is large; when the deviation is small, the integral action is put into use so as to regulate the output value of the PID controller.
5. The CNC _ Z axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm of claim 2, wherein: when the output value of the PID controller is regulated and controlled, the discretization formula of the PID control algorithm is as follows: Δ u (t) ═ q0e(t)+q1e(t-1)+q2e (t-2), when | e (t) | ≦ β,
wherein u (t) is the output value of the controller; e (t) is the error between the controller input and the set point; kp is a proportionality coefficient; ti is an integral time constant; td is the differential time constant; t is the regulation period; beta is the integral separation threshold.
6. The CNC _ Z axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm of claim 2, wherein: signals transmitted by the capacitance sensor, the capacitance detection chip and the PID controller need to be processed, wherein when the electric signals are weak, the electric signals need to be amplified; when noise is mixed, the noise needs to be filtered; when the frequency is not suitable for transmission, modulation and demodulation are needed; when the signal is distorted, the signal needs to be balanced; when the signal types are many, identification is required.
7. The CNC _ Z axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm of claim 1, wherein: in the second experiment of S2, when the CNC _ Z axis controlled the cutting of the laser cutting head, the capacitance between the cutting head and the workpiece changed along with the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece, and the change of the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece can be known by measuring the change of the capacitance, and the cutting head is driven by the servo system and the motor to move up and down through the processing of the feedback system, so that the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece is in the constant range of the set value.
8. The CNC _ Z axis laser cutting follow-up control algorithm of claim 1, wherein: the procedure and conclusions of the two experiments in S3:
the result of the first experiment: the axis operation of the traditional CNC system can only be controlled through the CNC system, PLC codes cannot be adopted for control, and the problem of unevenness of a processed product exists;
the second experiment results: the CNC _ Z axis can meet CNC control and can be controlled by a PLC in a follow-up mode, the response speed of the Z axis is high, and the surface of a processed product is smooth.
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Cited By (1)
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