CN113857680B - Method for processing CFRP material by laser - Google Patents
Method for processing CFRP material by laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN113857680B CN113857680B CN202111069878.7A CN202111069878A CN113857680B CN 113857680 B CN113857680 B CN 113857680B CN 202111069878 A CN202111069878 A CN 202111069878A CN 113857680 B CN113857680 B CN 113857680B
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- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003407 AlSi10Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000651 laser trapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for processing CFRP materials by laser, which comprises the following steps: pretreating the surface of the CFRP material plate by a laser photoresist removing method to expose the surface carbon fiber and increase the wettability of the metal coating and the carbon fiber; removing materials of the CFRP plate surface processing area layer by laser, and forming micropores or micro grooves to realize patterning treatment of the CFRP plate surface; and plating a coating at the gap between adjacent micropores or micro grooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate by laser cladding. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, less pollution, high machining precision of the milled groove, small heat affected zone, and uniform and compact plating film, and the prepared plating layer and carbon fiber form metallurgical bonding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser processing of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite materials, in particular to a method for processing CFRP materials by laser.
Background
The carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material (CFRP) has the unique advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, strong designability, good fatigue fracture resistance, corrosion resistance, special electromagnetic performance and the like, and has very strong competitiveness in a plurality of application fields. In practical application, CFRP material is used for partially replacing metal materials in most aerospace instruments and various bridge building reinforcements. Taking the aircraft manufacturing industry as an example, airlines have successfully applied the aircraft to components such as aircraft tails, horizontal tails, fairings, cabin floor beams, elevators and the like, and the use of CFRP has gradually changed from being applied to secondary load bearing members only to being applied to primary load bearing members, thereby greatly reducing the weight of the fuselage while ensuring the structural strength of the fuselage. The CFRP component is required to be drilled, cut, milled and the like in the assembly process; in the service process, damaged materials need to be removed after the damaged materials are damaged by impact or lightning strike, and repair is carried out to ensure the structural strength. The metal coating prepared on the surface of the CFRP material can also effectively improve the mechanical property and service life of the CFRP material and meet the functional and protective requirements of the CFRP structural member. For example, the surface metallization of the carbon fiber can obviously improve the electric conductivity and the magnetic conductivity of the inorganic reinforced fiber, and the composite material prepared by taking the surface-metallized carbon fiber as the conductive filler has good electromagnetic shielding performance, and can be used as a wave absorbing material of an airplane and a skeleton and a skin of a military airplane, so that the composite material has stealth capability. In addition, in addition to military and aerospace applications, the surface-metallized carbon fiber has better applications in the aspects of small-sized large-capacity capacitors, magnetic films, electronic equipment, various functional components and the like.
At present, the machining mode of CFRP is roughly two of traditional machining and non-contact special machining, and the non-contact special machining technology comprises: abrasive grain water jet machining, electric spark machining and laser machining. Compared with the traditional mechanical processing, the non-contact special processing technology has the advantages of small notch, high efficiency, no tool abrasion and the like, and a great deal of attention is paid to the processing of the carbon fiber composite material. However, the abrasive particle water jet machining has the problem of moisture absorption and aging of materials, and particularly in cavity milling, unstable impact and reflection of water beams reduce machining precision. The electric spark machining also has the problems of moisture absorption and aging of materials, and has poor machining precision. The laser processing has good laser energy controllability, does not need to use liquid medium, and has stronger processing adaptability compared with abrasive particle water jet or electric spark processing. According to the invention, milling and etching are performed on the CFRP plate by using the short pulse laser, the diameter of the focused light spot is far smaller than the characteristic size of the processing structure of the carbon fiber composite material, the processing depth-to-diameter ratio can be adjusted, the laser trapping effect is avoided, good chip removal conditions are created, and the processing of the medium-thickness carbon fiber composite material component is realized. For example, in the aerospace field, an aircraft or spacecraft may place microsensors in micro-porous micro-grooves; fasteners (bolts and nuts) between adjacent parts of an aircraft or spacecraft may be placed in the micro-porous micro-grooves of the carbon fiber composite. The milling and etching of the CFRP plate by the visible laser can realize and meet the urgent requirements of the aerospace field in China on the processing of the high-performance carbon fiber composite material.
The main technological means for preparing the metal coating on the surface of the CFRP at present comprise vacuum deposition and spraying. The vacuum deposition technique is a technique for depositing a desired coating on the surface of a substrate by using physical processes such as thermal evaporation or glow discharge, arc discharge, and the like, and mainly comprises vacuum evaporation coating, sputtering and ion coating. The metal film prepared on the surface of the CFRP material by the vacuum deposition technology has fewer defects and lower stress, and the technology can be theoretically utilized to realize the surface metallization treatment of the complex CFRP material structural member, but the technology cannot be widely applied to the field of the surface metallization of the CFRP material due to the limitation of thickness and cost. Whereas spraying is accomplished by embedding or adhering metal particles in molten or semi-molten form on a relatively soft CFRP or resin matrix, the current thermal spray metallization process of CFRP or resin materials can be divided into four categories, depending on the type of heat source used for acceleration and heating of the metal powder: 1. plasma spraying; 2. flame spraying; 3. arc spraying; 4. and (5) cold spraying. From the research situation of the present stage, the traditional method for preparing the metal coating, such as plasma spraying, sputtering coating and other methods, mainly has the following problems:
1. the existing coating has low deposition rate and high cost, and the cladding of the surface of the complex structure is difficult to realize;
2. the adhesive force of the coating is lower, and other methods except plasma spraying are only to solidify and attach the metal coating on the surface of the CFRP material, mainly mechanical bonding, and no chemical reaction occurs to realize the bonding among atoms.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a method for processing CFRP materials by laser, and provides a laser cladding technology, which overcomes the defects, and compared with other surface processing technologies, the laser cladding metallization technology has the advantages of wide application range, easier automation realization, rapid preparation of continuous and uniform alloy coating on the surface of the carbon fiber composite material, sufficient chemical metallurgical reaction between powder and resin and carbon fiber in the CFRP material, and more applications in engineering. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, less pollution, high machining precision of the milled groove, small heat affected zone, and uniform and compact plating film, and the prepared plating layer and carbon fiber form metallurgical bonding.
The present invention achieves the above technical object by the following means.
A method of laser machining CFRP material comprising the steps of:
pretreating the surface of the CFRP material plate by a laser photoresist removing method to expose the surface carbon fiber and increase the wettability of the metal coating and the carbon fiber;
removing materials of the CFRP plate surface processing area layer by laser, and forming micropores or micro grooves to realize patterning treatment of the CFRP plate surface;
and plating a coating at the gap between adjacent micropores or micro grooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate by laser cladding.
Further, in the laser photoresist removing method, the pulse width of the laser is 10fs-500ns, the repetition frequency of the laser is 10-100KHz, the power of the laser is 10-100w, and the scanning speed of the laser is 10-5000mm/s.
Further, the surface of the CFRP plate is removed by milling layer by layer through short pulse laser; the depth of the micro holes or micro grooves formed in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate is 0.1-5mm, and the diameter or width of the micro holes or micro grooves is 0.1-5mm; the interval between two adjacent micropores or micro grooves is 1-3mm; the scanning speed of the short pulse laser processing is about 5-1500mm/s, the power of the short pulse laser is 5-50W, the repetition frequency of the short pulse laser is 10-100KHz, and the pulse width of the short pulse laser is 10fs-500ns.
Further, plating a gap between adjacent micropores or micro grooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate by a laser powder spreading and cladding method; and mixing the metal powder and alcohol to be sticky, and then spreading the mixture on the gap of the surface of the CFRP plate, so that the bonding degree of the metal powder and the surface of the CFRP plate is increased, and after the alcohol volatilizes, coating a coating by powder spreading type laser cladding.
Further, the powder spreading type laser cladding is performed by using pulse laser or continuous laser, the pulse width of the pulse laser is 0.5ms-200ms, the laser power of the pulse laser is 200-1000W, and the pulse frequency of the pulse laser is 10-100Khz; the laser power of the continuous laser is 200-1000W, and the scanning speed of the continuous laser is 0.1-10m/s; the thickness of the powder spreading layer of the powder spreading type laser cladding is 0.1-2mm.
Further, plating the gaps between adjacent micropores or micro grooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate by a laser powder spraying cladding method; and (3) heating and drying the metal powder, then placing the metal powder into a powder feeder, and coating a coating by using powder spraying type laser, wherein the powder feeding gas is argon.
Further, the powder spraying type laser cladding uses pulse laser or continuous laser for laser cladding, the pulse width of the pulse laser is 0.5ms-200ms, the laser power of the pulse laser is 500-3000W, the pulse frequency of the pulse laser is 20-100Khz, and the scanning speed of the pulse laser is 0.02-5m/s; the laser power of the continuous laser is 1000-3000W, and the scanning speed of the continuous laser is 0.02-5m/s; the powder feeding flow of the powder feeding device is 1-20L/min.
Further, the metal powder is placed in a drying box to be dried for 10-30min, and the heating temperature is 40-50 ℃.
Further, the metal powder is titanium or copper or aluminum or nickel alloy powder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for processing the CFRP material by using the laser completely completes the photoresist removal, milling and metallization of the CFRP surface by using the laser processing. Compared with other CFRP surface gumming methods, the laser gumming method can increase the roughness of the CFRP composite material surface through ablation, and on the other hand, the resin group activity and the surface wettability of the CFRP composite material surface can be changed through a photo-thermal effect, so that the metallization difficulty of the surface is improved, and the environment is hardly polluted. The laser energy controllability is good, no liquid medium is needed, and compared with mechanical milling processing, abrasive particle water jet processing and electric spark processing, the diameter of a focusing light spot of laser processing is far smaller than the characteristic size of a processing structure of the carbon fiber composite material, the processing depth-to-diameter ratio can be adjusted, the laser light trapping effect is avoided, good chip removal conditions are created, and the processing adaptability is higher. Traditional CFRP surface metallization methods such as vacuum deposition and spray coating have high requirements for CFRP substrates: the vacuum deposition method needs a thinner CFRP matrix, the spraying method needs a softer CFRP matrix, and the combination of the coating and the matrix is mostly the solidification and the lamination of the material surface, and the simple mechanical combination is mainly adopted. The laser cladding method has wide requirements on CFRP matrix materials, and cladding of the surface of the complex structure can be completed by utilizing the cooperation of a mechanical arm and a laser head; the cladding material is melted by laser irradiation, so that the cladding material can be rapidly formed on the surface of the base material, and the forming efficiency of the coating is higher; most of the plating layers and the matrix are mainly metallurgically bonded, mechanical bonding is auxiliary, and the bonding strength is high; the laser power and scanning speed are stable, and the formed coating is uniform and compact.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of processing CFRP material by using a pre-laying type laser cladding technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of region B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of processing CFRP material by using a powder-spraying laser cladding technique according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of area A of FIGS. 1 and 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of region B of FIG. 3;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the results of the method for processing CFRP material by laser according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1-lifting shaft; 2-a graduated scale; 3-vibrating mirror; 4-CFRP plates; 5-a working table; 6-fixing the tabletop; 7-metal powder; 8-laser beam; 9-forming a coating; 10-laser head; 11-shielding gas argon; 12-a mechanical arm; 13-laser beam of metal powder stream wrap; 14-laser milled groove
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Example 1 as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the method for processing CFRP material by laser according to the present invention comprises the following specific steps:
A. a carbon fiber plate having a thickness of 3mm and a fiber content of 50% and a unidirectional arrangement of fibers was cut into blocks of 3mm by 30mm by 50mm by wire cutting.
B. Pretreating the surface of the CFRP plate 4 by a laser photoresist removing method, wherein the pulse width of the laser photoresist removing is 200ns, the repetition frequency is 80KHz, the power is 100w, the scanning speed is 2500mm/s, so that the carbon fiber on the surface layer is exposed, and the wettability of the metal coating and the carbon fiber is increased;
C. the CFRP plate 4 after the glue removal is placed on a fixed tabletop 5 and fixed by a working tabletop 6, and is placed under a laser for laser milling and etching. The lifting shaft 1 of the laser can adjust the up-and-down moving distance of the laser head, and the up-and-down moving distance can be mastered on the graduated scale 2, so that the defocusing amount during milling is regulated to adjust the laser energy density acting on the surface of the CFRP plate 4, and the focal plane is ensured to be positioned on the processing plane, so that the processing depth is controlled; setting the laser milling etching area to be 4mm multiplied by 30mm by computer software, wherein the vibrating mirror 3 can regulate and control the emitting direction of laser, and the distance between every two milling areas is set to be about 1-3mm; removing materials of the CFRP plate surface processing area layer by laser, and forming micropores or micro grooves to realize patterning treatment of the CFRP plate surface; the laser energy density acting on the surface of the CFRP composite material is regulated by regulating and controlling the defocus amount to 0 through the laser lifting shaft 1 in the figure 1, the scanning speed is 100mm/s, the scanning power is 100w, the complex frequency is 10KHz, the pulse width is 200ns, when the scanning frequency of one area reaches 5 times, the laser energy density acting on the surface of the CFRP composite material is regulated by regulating and controlling the defocus amount, the focal plane is ensured to be positioned on a processing plane by fine tuning downwards by 1mm, the scanning is performed for 5 times again, and the processing depth can be controlled to be 2mm. A schematic diagram of the laser milling process is shown in fig. 4.
D. The CFRP plate 4 subjected to laser milling etching moves to the position below the powder-spreading type laser cladding equipment according to the travelling direction, and is ready for powder-spreading type laser cladding. Preparing the powder paving type laser cladding: the metal powder is Ni60 and ZrO 2 Mixed powder, mixing ratio of Ni60: zrO (ZrO) 2 =4:1, the shape of the ni60 powder is spherical, and the particle size distribution ranges from 30um to 130 um; zrO (ZrO) 2 The particle size distribution range of the powder is 15-35 mu m, the metal powder 7 and alcohol are mixed into a sticky state and then are paved on the surface of the CFRP plate 4, so that the bonding strength of the metal powder 7 and the surface of the CFRP plate 4 is increased, and a laser cladding experiment is started after the alcohol is completely volatilized. Powder spreading type laser cladding schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, a laser beam 8 emits metal powder 7 which is deposited on the surface of a plate from a laser head 10, and the machine is provided withThe mechanical arm 12 drives the laser head 5 to carry out cladding along the powder laying position, the formed coating 9 is behind the laser head, and the protective gas is argon 11. In fig. 1, the manipulator arm 12 can control the laser head to perform cladding at a position which is not milled, and the laser head 5 emits laser to melt the coating powder paved on the plate. The method comprises the steps of adopting an optical fiber laser YLR-10000 produced by an IPG company and an optical fiber laser head Precitec YW50, wherein the laser power is 250W, the scanning speed is 0.02m/s, the powder spreading thickness is 0.7mm, the cladding interval is 2mm consistent with the size of a light spot, spreading powder in the middle of two milling grooves, namely, in the non-milled part, and a mechanical arm controls the laser head to perform cladding layer above the powder. A schematic diagram of the powder spreading type laser cladding process is shown in fig. 2. The side effect of the CFRP plate after cladding is shown in fig. 6, wherein 9 is a layer after powder laying cladding, 14 is a milling groove, and 4 is the CFRP plate.
Example 2 as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the method for processing CFRP material by laser according to the present invention comprises the following specific steps:
A. cutting carbon fiber plates which are arranged in a unidirectional way into square blocks with the thickness of 4mm, the fiber content of 50% and the fiber arrangement mode of 4mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 50mm by using linear cutting;
B. pretreating the surface of the carbon fiber composite material plate by using a laser photoresist removing method, wherein the laser photoresist removing pulse width is 200ns, the repetition frequency is 80KHz, the power is 100w, the scanning speed is 2500mm/s, so that the carbon fiber on the surface layer is exposed, and the wettability of the metal coating and the carbon fiber is increased;
C. and placing the carbon fiber plate 4 after the glue removal on a fixed tabletop 5, fixing the carbon fiber plate by using a workbench surface 6, and placing the carbon fiber plate under a laser for laser milling and etching. The laser lifting shaft 1 can adjust the up-and-down moving distance of the laser head, and can grasp the up-and-down moving distance on the graduated scale 2, so that the defocusing amount during milling is regulated to adjust the laser energy density acting on the surface of the CFRP composite material, and the focal plane is ensured to be positioned on the processing plane, so that the processing depth is controlled; the laser milling area is set to be 4mm multiplied by 30mm by computer end software, the vibrating mirror 3 can regulate and control the emitting direction of laser, and the distance between every two milling areas is set to be about 1-3mm; the laser energy density acting on the surface of the CFRP composite material is regulated by regulating and controlling the defocus amount through a laser lifting shaft 1 in FIG. 3, the scanning speed is 80mm/s, the scanning power is 90w, the complex frequency is 10KHz, the pulse width is 200ns, when the scanning frequency of one area reaches 5 times, the laser energy density acting on the surface of the CFRP composite material is regulated by regulating and controlling the defocus amount, the focal plane is ensured to be positioned on a processing plane by fine tuning downwards by 1mm, the scanning is performed for 5 times again, and the processing depth can be controlled to be 2mm. A schematic diagram of the laser milling process is shown in fig. 4.
D. The CFRP plate 4 after laser milling is moved to the lower part of the powder spraying type laser cladding equipment according to the advancing direction, and is ready for powder spraying type laser cladding. Preparing before powder spraying type laser cladding: the metal powder is mixed powder of TC4 and AlSi10Mg, and the mixing ratio is TC4: alSi10 mg=4:1, the tc4 powder is spherical in shape and has a particle size distribution ranging from 45um to 75 um; the AlSi10Mg powder has granularity distribution of 15-35 μm, and is prepared by oven drying metal powder in oven for 10-30min at 40-50deg.C, and feeding into powder feeder with argon gas. After adjusting each parameter, the mechanical arm 12 can control the laser head to carry out cladding at the position which is not milled, the powder flow 13 follows and wraps the laser beam to be emitted from the laser head 10, the plating layer 9 is formed on the plate, and the shielding gas is argon 11. And (3) cladding the pattern layer in the middle of the two milling grooves, namely, the non-milled part, by adopting an optical fiber laser YLR-10000 produced by an IPG company, wherein the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 0.02m/s, the rotating speed of a powder feeding disc is 1.4r/min, the powder feeding air flow is 5L/min, the light spot size is 3 mm. A schematic diagram of the laser cladding process is shown in fig. 5. The side effect of the CFRP plate after cladding is shown in fig. 6, wherein 9 is a pattern layer after powder spraying cladding, 14 is a milling groove, and 4 is the CFRP plate.
It should be understood that although the present disclosure has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate technical solution, and this description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should consider the disclosure as a whole, and the technical solutions in the various embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of laser machining CFRP material comprising the steps of:
pretreating the surface of the CFRP material plate by a laser photoresist removing method to expose the surface carbon fiber and increase the wettability of the metal coating and the carbon fiber;
removing materials of a CFRP plate surface processing area by milling layer by layer through short pulse laser, and forming micropores or micro grooves to realize patterning treatment of the CFRP plate surface; the depth of the micro holes or micro grooves formed in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate is 0.1-5mm, and the diameter or width of the micro holes or micro grooves is 0.1-5mm; the interval between two adjacent micropores or micro grooves is 1-3mm; the processing scanning speed of the short pulse laser is 5-1500mm/s, the power of the short pulse laser is 5-50W, the repetition frequency of the short pulse laser is 10-100KHz, and the pulse width of the short pulse laser is 10fs-500 ns;
and plating a coating at the gap between adjacent micropores or micro grooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate by laser cladding.
2. The method for processing CFRP material according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam in the laser beam removing method has a pulse width of 10fs-500ns, a repetition rate of 10-100KHz, a power of 10-100w, and a scanning speed of 10-5000mm/s.
3. The method for processing CFRP material by laser according to claim 1, wherein the gaps between adjacent micropores or micro grooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate are plated by a laser powder spreading cladding method; and mixing the metal powder and alcohol to be sticky, and then spreading the mixture on the gap of the surface of the CFRP plate, so that the bonding degree of the metal powder and the surface of the CFRP plate is increased, and after the alcohol volatilizes, coating a coating by powder spreading type laser cladding.
4. A method of laser processing CFRP material according to claim 3 wherein said powder-spreading type laser cladding uses a pulse laser or a continuous laser, the pulse width of said pulse laser is 0.5-ms-200 ms, the laser power of said pulse laser is 200-1000W, and the pulse frequency of said pulse laser is 10-100Khz; the laser power of the continuous laser is 200-1000W, and the scanning speed of the continuous laser is 0.1-10m/s; the thickness of the powder spreading layer of the powder spreading type laser cladding is 0.1-2mm.
5. The method for processing CFRP material by laser according to claim 1, wherein the gaps between adjacent micropores or micro grooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate are plated by a laser powder spraying cladding method; and (3) heating and drying the metal powder, then placing the metal powder into a powder feeder, and coating a coating by using powder spraying type laser, wherein the powder feeding gas is argon.
6. The method for processing CFRP material of claim 5 wherein said powder-spraying type laser cladding uses a pulse laser or a continuous laser, the pulse width of said pulse laser is 0.5ms-200ms, the laser power of said pulse laser is 500-3000W, the pulse frequency of said pulse laser is 20-100Khz, and the scanning speed of said pulse laser is 0.02-5m/s; the laser power of the continuous laser is 1000-3000W, and the scanning speed of the continuous laser is 0.02-5m/s; the powder feeding flow of the powder feeding device is 1-20L/min.
7. The method of laser processing CFRP material of claim 5 wherein said metal powder is dried in a drying oven for 10-30min at a heating temperature of 40-50 ℃.
8. A method of laser machining CFRP material according to claim 3 wherein the metal powder is titanium or copper or aluminum or nickel alloy powder.
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