CN113857680A - Method for processing CFRP material by laser - Google Patents
Method for processing CFRP material by laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN113857680A CN113857680A CN202111069878.7A CN202111069878A CN113857680A CN 113857680 A CN113857680 A CN 113857680A CN 202111069878 A CN202111069878 A CN 202111069878A CN 113857680 A CN113857680 A CN 113857680A
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for processing a CFRP material by laser, which comprises the following steps: pretreating the surface of the CFRP material plate by using a laser degumming method to expose carbon fibers on the surface layer and increase the wettability of a metal coating and the carbon fibers; removing materials in the processing area on the surface of the CFRP plate layer by layer through laser, and forming micropores or microgrooves to realize patterning treatment on the surface of the CFRP plate; and coating the gaps between the adjacent micropores or microgrooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate by laser cladding. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, less pollution, high processing precision of the milled groove, small heat affected zone, metallurgical bonding of the prepared plating layer and the carbon fiber, and uniform and compact plating film.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser processing of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite materials, in particular to a method for processing a CFRP material by laser.
Background
The carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material (CFRP) has the unique advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, strong designability, good fatigue fracture resistance, corrosion resistance, special electromagnetic performance and the like, and has strong competitiveness in a plurality of application fields. In practical application, CFRP material is partially used for replacing metal material in most aerospace instruments and various bridge building reinforcements. Taking the aircraft manufacturing industry as an example, airlines have successfully applied the CFRP to components such as aircraft vertical tails, horizontal tail wings, fairings, cabin floor beams, elevators and the like, and gradually change the CFRP from being applied only to secondary load-bearing components to being applied to main load-bearing components, thereby greatly reducing the weight of the airframe while ensuring the structural strength of the airframe. The CFRP component needs to be drilled, cut, milled and the like in the assembling process; in the service process, damaged materials need to be removed after the damaged materials are damaged by impact or lightning stroke, and repair is carried out to ensure the structural strength. The metal coating prepared on the surface of the CFRP material can also effectively improve the mechanical property and the service life of the CFRP material, and meet the requirements of the CFRP structural member on function and protection. For example, the surface metallization of the carbon fiber can obviously improve the conductivity and magnetic conductivity of the inorganic reinforced fiber, and the composite material prepared by taking the surface-metallized carbon fiber as the conductive filler has good electromagnetic shielding performance, and can be used as a wave-absorbing material of an airplane and a framework and a skin of a military airplane to ensure that the composite material has stealth capability. In addition, in addition to military and aerospace applications, surface-metallized carbon fibers are also useful in small-sized large-capacity capacitors, magnetic thin films, electronic devices, and various functional components.
At present, the processing modes of the CFRP are roughly two types of traditional machining and non-contact special processing, and the non-contact special processing technology includes: abrasive water jet machining, electric spark machining and laser machining. Compared with the traditional mechanical processing, the non-contact special processing technology has the advantages of small cut, high efficiency, no tool abrasion and the like, and draws a great deal of attention in the processing of the carbon fiber composite material. However, abrasive particle water jet machining has the problem of material moisture absorption and aging, and particularly in cavity milling, unstable impact and reflection of water beams reduce machining precision. The electric spark machining also has the problems of moisture absorption and aging of materials and poor machining precision. And laser processing has good laser energy controllability, does not need to use a liquid medium, and has stronger processing adaptability compared with abrasive particle water jet or electric spark processing. The invention utilizes the short pulse laser to mill and etch the CFRP plate, the diameter of the focusing spot is far smaller than the characteristic dimension of the processing structure of the carbon fiber composite material, the processing depth-diameter ratio can be adjusted, the laser light trap effect is avoided, good chip removal conditions are created, and the processing of medium-thickness carbon fiber composite material components is realized. For example, in the field of aerospace, an aircraft or spacecraft may house microsensors in micro-porous microgrooves; fasteners (bolts and nuts) between adjacent components of an aircraft or spacecraft may be placed in micro-porous micro-grooves of carbon fiber composite material. The milling and etching of the CFRP plate by the visible laser can realize and meet the urgent need of the aerospace field in China for processing high-performance carbon fiber composite materials.
The main process means for preparing the metal coating on the surface of the CFRP at present comprise vacuum deposition and spraying. The vacuum deposition technology is a technology for depositing a required coating on the surface of a base material by utilizing physical processes such as thermal evaporation or glow discharge, arc discharge and the like, and mainly comprises vacuum evaporation coating, sputtering and ion coating. The metal film prepared on the surface of the CFRP material by the vacuum deposition technology has fewer defects and lower stress, and theoretically, the technology can be used for realizing the surface metallization treatment of a complex CFRP material structural member, but due to the limitation of thickness and cost, the technology cannot be widely applied to the field of surface metallization of the CFRP material. While spray coating is accomplished by embedding or adhering metal particles in a molten or semi-molten form onto a relatively soft CFRP or resin matrix, the current thermal spray metallization processes for CFRP or resin materials can be divided into four categories depending on the application for metal powder acceleration and heating sources: 1. plasma spraying; 2. flame spraying; 3. electric arc spraying; 4. and (5) cold spraying. From the current research situation, the traditional methods for preparing metal coatings, such as plasma spraying, sputtering and the like, mainly have the following problems:
1. the existing coating has low deposition rate and high cost, and cladding of the surface with a complex structure is difficult to realize;
2. the adhesive force of the coating is low, and the metal coating is only solidified and attached on the surface of the CFRP material by other methods except plasma spraying, is mainly combined by machinery and does not generate chemical reaction, so that the combination among atoms is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for processing a CFRP material by laser, provides a laser cladding technology, overcomes the defects, has wide application range and is easier to realize automation compared with other surface processing technologies, and can quickly prepare continuous and uniform alloy coatings on the surface of a carbon fiber composite material, and the powder and resin and carbon fibers in the CFRP material have sufficient chemical metallurgical reaction and are increasingly applied in engineering. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, less pollution, high processing precision of the milled groove, small heat affected zone, metallurgical bonding of the prepared plating layer and the carbon fiber, and uniform and compact plating film.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A method of laser processing a CFRP material comprising the steps of:
pretreating the surface of the CFRP material plate by using a laser degumming method to expose carbon fibers on the surface layer and increase the wettability of a metal coating and the carbon fibers;
removing materials in the processing area on the surface of the CFRP plate layer by layer through laser, and forming micropores or microgrooves to realize patterning treatment on the surface of the CFRP plate;
and coating the gaps between the adjacent micropores or microgrooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate by laser cladding.
Furthermore, in the laser degumming method, the pulse width of the laser is 10fs-500ns, the repetition frequency of the laser is 10-100KHz, the power of the laser is 10-100w, and the scanning speed of the laser is 10-5000 mm/s.
Further, milling and carving layer by layer through short pulse laser to remove the surface of the CFRP plate; the depth of micropores or microgrooves formed in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate is 0.1-5mm, and the diameter or width of the micropores or the microgrooves is 0.1-5 mm; the interval between two adjacent micropores or microgrooves is 1-3 mm; the scanning speed of the short pulse laser processing is about 5-1500mm/s, the power of the short pulse laser is 5-50W, the repetition frequency of the short pulse laser is 10-100KHz, and the pulse width of the short pulse laser is 10fs-500 ns.
Further, coating the gaps between adjacent micropores or microgrooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate by a laser powder laying cladding method; and mixing the metal powder and alcohol into a viscous state, and then flatly paving the viscous metal powder and alcohol at the gap of the surface of the CFRP plate, so that the degree of adhesion between the metal powder and the surface of the CFRP plate is increased, and after the alcohol is volatilized, performing powder-paving type laser cladding on the coating.
Further, the powder-laying type laser cladding uses pulse laser or continuous laser to carry out laser cladding, the pulse width of the pulse laser is 0.5ms-200ms, the laser power of the pulse laser is 200-1000W, and the pulse frequency of the pulse laser is 10-100 Khz; the laser power of the continuous laser is 200-1000W, and the scanning speed of the continuous laser is 0.1-10 m/s; the powder spreading thickness of the powder spreading type laser cladding is 0.1-2 mm.
Further, coating the gaps between adjacent micropores or microgrooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate by a laser powder spraying cladding method; heating and drying metal powder, putting the metal powder into a powder feeder, wherein the powder feeding gas is argon, and cladding a coating by a powder-spraying laser.
Further, the powder-spraying laser cladding uses pulse laser or continuous laser to carry out laser cladding, the pulse width of the pulse laser is 0.5ms-200ms, the laser power of the pulse laser is 500-3000W, the pulse frequency of the pulse laser is 20-100Khz, and the scanning speed of the pulse laser is 0.02-5 m/s; the laser power of the continuous laser is 1000-3000W, and the scanning speed of the continuous laser is 0.02-5 m/s; the flow rate of the powder feeding gas of the powder feeder is 1-20L/min.
Further, the metal powder is placed in a drying box to be dried for 10-30min, and the heating temperature is 40-50 ℃.
Further, the metal powder is titanium or copper or aluminum or nickel alloy powder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for processing the CFRP material by the laser completely finishes the steps of removing glue, milling and engraving and metalizing the surface of the CFRP by the laser processing. Compared with other CFRP surface glue removing methods, the laser glue removing method can increase the roughness of the surface of the CFRP composite material through ablation, and on the other hand can change the activity of resin groups and the surface wettability of the surface of the CFRP composite material through photo-thermal effect, thereby improving the metallization difficulty of the surface and hardly polluting the environment. The laser energy controllability is good, a liquid medium is not needed, compared with mechanical milling and carving, abrasive particle water jet machining and electric spark machining, the diameter of a focusing light spot of the laser machining is far smaller than the characteristic dimension of a carbon fiber composite material machining structure, the machining depth-diameter ratio can be adjusted, the laser light trap effect is avoided, good chip removal conditions are created, and the machining adaptability is stronger. Traditional CFRP surface metallization methods, such as vacuum deposition and spray coating, have high requirements for CFRP substrates: the vacuum deposition method needs a relatively thin CFRP substrate, the spraying method needs a relatively soft CFRP substrate, and most of the combination of the plating layer and the substrate is the solidification and the bonding of the material surface, and the simple mechanical combination is mainly adopted. The laser cladding method has wide requirements on the CFRP base material, and cladding on the surface of a complex structure can be completed by matching a mechanical arm with a laser head; the laser irradiates the cladding material to melt the cladding material, so that the cladding material can be quickly formed on the surface of the base material, and the coating forming efficiency is higher; most of the plating layer and the substrate are combined by metallurgy as a main part and are combined by machinery as an auxiliary part, so that the bonding strength is high; the laser power and the scanning speed are stable, and the formed coating is uniform and compact.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of processing a CFRP material by using a pre-laid laser cladding technique according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the area B in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of processing a CFRP material by using a powder-spraying laser cladding technique according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of area A of FIGS. 1 and 3;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the area B in FIG. 3;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the result of the method for laser processing the CFRP material according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a lifting shaft; 2-a graduated scale; 3-a galvanometer; 4-CFRP sheet material; 5-a working table surface; 6-fixing the desktop; 7-metal powder; 8-a laser beam; 9-forming a plating layer; 10-a laser head; 11-protective gas argon; 12-a robotic arm; 13-a laser beam wrapped by a flow of metal powder; 14-laser milled grooves
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
A. a carbon fiber plate which takes polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) as a matrix and has the thickness of 3mm and the fiber content of 50 percent and the fiber arrangement mode of unidirectional arrangement is cut into squares with the thickness of 3mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 50mm by utilizing linear cutting.
B. Pretreating the surface of the CFRP plate 4 by using a laser degumming method, wherein the pulse width of the laser degumming is 200ns, the repetition frequency is 80KHz, the power is 100w, and the scanning speed is 2500mm/s, so that the carbon fiber on the surface layer is exposed, and the wettability of a metal coating and the carbon fiber is increased;
C. and (3) placing the CFRP plate 4 subjected to glue removal on a fixed desktop 5, fixing the CFRP plate by using a working table 6, and placing the CFRP plate under a laser for laser milling and etching. The laser device comprises a laser head, a graduated scale 2, a lifting shaft 1, a defocusing amount adjusting device, a focusing plane adjusting device and a focusing mechanism, wherein the lifting shaft 1 of the laser device can adjust the up-and-down movement distance of the laser head and can hold the up-and-down movement distance on the graduated scale 2, so that the defocusing amount during milling is adjusted to adjust the laser energy density acting on the surface of a CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) plate 4, the focusing plane is ensured to be positioned on a processing plane, and the processing depth is controlled; setting the laser milling and etching area to be 4mm multiplied by 30mm by using computer end software, wherein the vibrating mirror 3 can regulate the emitting direction of laser, and the distance between every two milling areas is set to be about 1-3 mm; removing materials in the processing area on the surface of the CFRP plate layer by layer through laser, and forming micropores or microgrooves to realize patterning treatment on the surface of the CFRP plate; the defocusing amount is regulated and controlled to be 0 through a laser lifting shaft 1 in the graph 1, the scanning speed is 100mm/s, the scanning power is 100w, the complex frequency is 10KHz, the pulse width is 200ns, when the scanning frequency of an area reaches 5 times, the defocusing amount is regulated and controlled to adjust the laser energy density acting on the surface of the CFRP composite material, the focusing plane is downwards finely adjusted by 1mm to be located on a processing plane, the scanning is performed for 5 times again, and the processing depth can be controlled to be 2 mm. Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of laser milling.
D. And moving the CFRP plate 4 subjected to laser milling and etching to the lower part of the powder-laying type laser cladding equipment according to the advancing direction to prepare for powder-laying type laser cladding. Preparing before powder laying type laser cladding: the metal powder is Ni60 and ZrO2Mixing powder, wherein the mixing ratio is Ni 60: ZrO (ZrO)2The powder of Ni60 is spherical with the particle size distribution ranging from 30um to 130 um; ZrO (ZrO)2The powder particle size distribution range is 15-35 mu m, the metal powder 7 and the alcohol are mixed into a viscous state and then are paved on the surface of the CFRP plate 4, so that the bonding strength of the metal powder 7 and the surface of the CFRP plate 4 is increased, and a laser cladding experiment is started after the alcohol is completely volatilized. A powder-laying laser cladding schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, a laser beam 8 is emitted from a laser head 10 to clad metal powder 7 which is already placed on the surface of a plate, a mechanical arm 12 drives the laser head 5 to clad along the powder-laying position, a formed cladding 9 is formed behind the laser head, and a protective gas is argon gas 11. In fig. 1, the robot arm 12 can control the laser head to perform cladding at an unmachined position, and the laser head 5 emits laser to melt coating powder laid on the plate. The laser device is characterized in that an optical fiber laser YLR-10000 produced by IPG company and an optical fiber laser head Precitec YW50 are adopted, the laser power is 250W, the scanning speed is 0.02m/s, the powder laying thickness is 0.7mm, the cladding distance is set to be 2mm consistent with the size of a light spot, powder is laid in the middle of two milling grooves, namely the non-milled part, and a mechanical arm controls the laser head to carry out cladding pattern layer above the powder. The schematic diagram of the powder-laying laser cladding processing is shown in fig. 2. The side effect of the CFRP sheet after cladding is shown in fig. 6, where 9 is the coating after powder laying and cladding, 14 is the milling groove, and 4 is the CFRP sheet.
A. cutting a carbon fiber plate which takes epoxy resin as a matrix and has the thickness of 4mm and the fiber content of 50 percent in a unidirectional arrangement mode into squares with the thickness of 4mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 50mm by utilizing linear cutting;
B. pretreating the surface of the carbon fiber composite material plate by using a laser degumming method, wherein the pulse width of the laser degumming is 200ns, the repetition frequency is 80KHz, the power is 100w, and the scanning speed is 2500mm/s, so that the carbon fiber on the surface layer is exposed, and the wettability of a metal coating and the carbon fiber is increased;
C. and (3) placing the carbon fiber plate 4 subjected to glue removal on a fixed table top 5, fixing the carbon fiber plate by using a working table top 6, and placing the carbon fiber plate under a laser for laser milling and etching. The laser lifting shaft 1 can adjust the up-down movement distance of the laser head, and can hold the up-down movement distance on the graduated scale 2, so that the defocusing amount during milling is regulated to adjust the laser energy density acting on the surface of the CFRP composite material, and the focusing plane is ensured to be positioned on a processing plane, so that the processing depth is controlled; setting the laser milling area to be 4mm multiplied by 30mm by using computer end software, adjusting the emitting direction of the laser by the vibrating mirror 3, and setting the distance between every two milling areas to be about 1-3 mm; the defocusing amount is regulated and controlled to be 0 through a laser lifting shaft 1 in the graph 3, the scanning speed is 80mm/s, the scanning power is 90w, the complex frequency is 10KHz, the pulse width is 200ns, when the scanning frequency of an area reaches 5 times, the defocusing amount is regulated and controlled to adjust the laser energy density acting on the surface of the CFRP composite material, the focusing plane is downwards finely adjusted by 1mm to be located on a processing plane, the scanning is performed for 5 times again, and the processing depth can be controlled to be 2 mm. Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of laser milling.
D. And moving the CFRP plate 4 subjected to laser milling to the lower part of the powder-spraying laser cladding equipment according to the advancing direction to prepare for powder-spraying laser cladding. Preparing before powder spraying type laser cladding: the metal powder is mixed powder of TC4 and AlSi10Mg, and the mixing ratio is TC 4: the AlSi10Mg is 4:1, the TC4 powder is spherical, and the particle size distribution range is between 45um and 75 um; the particle size distribution range of the AlSi10Mg powder is 15-35 mu m, the metal powder is placed in a drying box to be dried for 10-30min at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, and then the powder is placed in a powder feeder, and the powder feeding gas is argon. And after all parameters are adjusted, the mechanical arm 12 can control the laser head to clad at an unmalled position, the powder flow 13 is emitted from the laser head 10 along with and wraps the laser beam, a coating 9 is formed on the plate, and the protective gas is argon 11. The laser produced by IPG company is used for YLR-10000, the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 0.02m/s, the rotating speed of a powder feeding disc is 1.4r/min, the flow rate of the powder feeding is 5L/min, the size of a light spot is 3mm, and cladding coating is carried out on the middle part of two milling grooves, namely the part which is not milled. Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of laser cladding processing. The side effect of the CFRP sheet after cladding is shown in fig. 6, where 9 is a layer after powder spraying cladding, 14 is a milling groove, and 4 is the CFRP sheet.
It should be understood that although the present description has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein may be combined as suitable to form other embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for processing CFRP material by laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pretreating the surface of the CFRP material plate by using a laser degumming method to expose carbon fibers on the surface layer and increase the wettability of a metal coating and the carbon fibers;
removing materials in the processing area on the surface of the CFRP plate layer by layer through laser, and forming micropores or microgrooves to realize patterning treatment on the surface of the CFRP plate;
and coating the gaps between the adjacent micropores or microgrooves in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate by laser cladding.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser pulse width of the laser in the laser degumming process is 10fs-500ns, the repetition frequency of the laser is 10-100KHz, the power of the laser is 10-100w, and the scanning speed of the laser is 10-5000 mm/s.
3. The method for laser processing the CFRP material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the CFRP plate surface is removed by short pulse laser layer-by-layer milling; the depth of micropores or microgrooves formed in the surface processing area of the CFRP plate is 0.1-5mm, and the diameter or width of the micropores or the microgrooves is 0.1-5 mm; the interval between two adjacent micropores or microgrooves is 1-3 mm; the scanning speed of the short pulse laser processing is about 5-1500mm/s, the power of the short pulse laser is 5-50W, the repetition frequency of the short pulse laser is 10-100KHz, and the pulse width of the short pulse laser is 10fs-500 ns.
4. The method for processing the CFRP material by the laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gaps between the adjacent micropores or microgrooves in the processing area of the surface of the CFRP plate are plated by a laser powder laying cladding method; and mixing the metal powder and alcohol into a viscous state, and then flatly paving the viscous metal powder and alcohol at the gap of the surface of the CFRP plate, so that the degree of adhesion between the metal powder and the surface of the CFRP plate is increased, and after the alcohol is volatilized, performing powder-paving type laser cladding on the coating.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the powder-laying laser cladding uses pulsed laser or continuous laser for laser cladding, the pulse width of the pulsed laser is 0.5ms-200ms, the laser power of the pulsed laser is 200-1000W, and the pulse frequency of the pulsed laser is 10-100 Khz; the laser power of the continuous laser is 200-1000W, and the scanning speed of the continuous laser is 0.1-10 m/s; the powder spreading thickness of the powder spreading type laser cladding is 0.1-2 mm.
6. The method for processing the CFRP material by the laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clearance between the adjacent micropores or microgrooves in the processing area of the surface of the CFRP plate is coated by a laser powder spraying cladding method; heating and drying metal powder, putting the metal powder into a powder feeder, wherein the powder feeding gas is argon, and cladding a coating by a powder-spraying laser.
7. The method for laser processing a CFRP material according to claim 6, wherein the powder-spraying laser cladding uses a pulse laser or a continuous laser for laser cladding, the pulse width of the pulse laser is 0.5ms-200ms, the laser power of the pulse laser is 500-3000W, the pulse frequency of the pulse laser is 20-100Khz, and the scanning speed of the pulse laser is 0.02-5 m/s; the laser power of the continuous laser is 1000-3000W, and the scanning speed of the continuous laser is 0.02-5 m/s; the flow rate of the powder feeding gas of the powder feeder is 1-20L/min.
8. The method for laser processing the CFRP material according to the claim 6, wherein the metal powder is dried in a drying oven for 10-30min, and the heating temperature is 40-50 ℃.
9. The method of laser processing a CFRP material according to claim 4, wherein said metal powder is titanium or copper or aluminum or nickel alloy powder.
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