CN113856854A - Combined knife type crushing device and method for mechanical film-collecting mixed materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined knife type crushing device and method for a machine-harvested film impurity mixture, which belong to the field of agricultural mechanical devices, can simultaneously carry out shearing and tearing combined treatment on the film impurity mixture, realize high-efficiency crushing of the film impurity mixture, and solve the problem of comprehensive utilization of the machine-harvested residual film due to serious winding and knotting of the residual film and impurities; the technical scheme is as follows: the device comprises a movable cutter mechanism, wherein fixed cutter mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the movable cutter mechanism; the movable knife mechanism comprises a rotary roller, a plurality of movable knife blades are fixedly arranged on the outer side of the rotary roller, the movable knife blades are arranged in a spiral shape, and the rotary roller is sleeved in the outer cover; the fixed cutter mechanism comprises a fixed cutter fixing frame, a plurality of fixed blades are fixedly arranged on the fixed cutter fixing frame, the fixed blades extend from the fixed cutter fixing frame to the rotary roller, and a gap is formed between the end parts of the fixed blades and the rotary roller; when the rotary drum rotates, the movable blade and the fixed blade move relatively to shear and crush the membrane impurity mixture.

Description

Combined knife type crushing device and method for mechanical film-collecting mixed materials

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a combined knife type crushing device and method for mechanical film-collecting mixed materials.

Background

The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.

The plastic film mulching cultivation technology can protect grain and increase income in cold and dry agricultural areas, but also causes serious pollution to the ecological environment of the farmland, and mechanized recovery and resource utilization are the necessary way to solve the pollution of residual plastic films of the farmland. In recent years, various types of plastic film residue recycling machines are widely used in production, and mechanical recycling of plastic film residues is initially successful.

The residual film after mechanical recovery is mixed with a large amount of straw, soil and other impurities, the knotting is serious (the belt-shaped or sheet-shaped flexible residual film and straw and other impurities are tightly wound and wrapped together), the residual film is difficult to separate from other mixtures by directly adopting a traditional separation method, so that the recovered film and impurity mixture can only be randomly stacked, buried or burnt, and the problem of residual film pollution is not fundamentally solved.

The inventor finds that comprehensive utilization of the residual film needs three links of film impurity crushing, cleaning separation, regeneration granulation and the like, crushing treatment of the film impurity mixture collected by a machine is the first link of comprehensive utilization, the material characteristics of the film impurity mixture collected by the machine are complex, the film-rod-soil are mutually wound to present an agglomerate state, the related problems of the expressed unique tissue mechanical characteristics and the like are difficult to accurately quantify, the existing crushing device can only shear the cotton rods in the film into small sections of materials, the flexible residual film needs high-speed crushing, but the straws are extremely easy to be crushed into fine flocculent rods by high-speed crushing, the separation difficulty of the subsequent film rods is high, the ductility of the residual film is good, so that the residual film is extremely easy to wind a cutter shaft, and ideal broken materials are difficult to obtain by a simple shearing or tearing mode.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a combined knife type crushing device and method for machine-harvested film and impurity mixtures, which have the advantages of simple structure, reliable work and high operation efficiency, can simultaneously carry out combined treatment of shearing and tearing on the film and impurity mixtures, realize efficient crushing of the film and impurity mixtures, and solve the problem that the winding and knotting of residual films and impurities seriously inhibit the comprehensive utilization of machine-harvested residual films.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a combined knife type crushing device for a machine-harvested film and impurity mixture, which comprises a moving knife mechanism, wherein fixed knife mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the moving knife mechanism; the movable cutter mechanism comprises a rotary roller, a plurality of movable blades are fixedly arranged on the outer side of the rotary roller, and the rotary roller is sleeved in the outer cover; the fixed cutter mechanism comprises a fixed cutter fixing frame, a plurality of fixed blades are fixedly arranged on the fixed cutter fixing frame, the fixed blades extend from the fixed cutter fixing frame to the rotary roller, and a gap is formed between the end parts of the fixed blades and the rotary roller; when the rotary drum rotates, the movable blade and the fixed blade move relatively to shear and crush the membrane impurity mixture.

As a further technical scheme, a plurality of movable blades are arranged on the outer side of the rotary roller in a spiral line shape.

As a further technical scheme, the movable blade is arranged along the radial direction of the rotary roller.

As a further technical scheme, the fixed blade comprises two blade bodies which are oppositely arranged, the bottoms of the blade bodies are connected through a blade holder, the blade holder is fixed on a fixed blade fixing frame, and the movable blade can penetrate through the blade bodies of the adjacent fixed blades or the blade bodies of the same fixed blade when the rotary roller rotates so as to shear the membrane impurity mixture.

As a further technical scheme, the blade body and the movable blade are arranged in parallel.

As a further technical scheme, the blade body is of a trapezoidal structure, and cutting edges are arranged on two sides of the blade body.

As a further technical scheme, the movable blade is of a trapezoidal structure, and cutting edges are arranged on two sides of the movable blade.

As a further technical scheme, the outer cover is fixedly arranged on the frame, the top of one side of the outer cover is provided with a feed inlet, the other side of the outer cover is provided with a discharge outlet, the feed inlet is provided with a feeding mechanism, and the two ends of the outer cover are fixedly provided with baffle plates.

As a further technical scheme, the rotary drum is connected with a power output device through a transmission shaft, and the power output device is connected with a controller.

In a second aspect, the invention further provides a working method of the machine-harvested film and hybrid compound combined knife type crushing device, which comprises the following steps:

the film impurity mixture is conveyed into the outer cover, the rotating roller of the moving blade mechanism rotates to drive the moving blade to rotate, relative motion is formed between the moving blade and the fixed blade to shear the film impurity mixture, and meanwhile, the film impurity mixture is torn in the rotating process of the moving blade mechanism, so that the film impurity mixture is crushed.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the movable cutter mechanism and the fixed cutter mechanism are arranged, and the movable cutter mechanism and the fixed cutter mechanism work cooperatively to simultaneously carry out shearing and tearing combined treatment on the membrane impurity mixture, so that the membrane impurity mixture is efficiently crushed, knotted agglomerates are crushed into bulk materials, cleaning and separation of subsequent mixed materials are facilitated, and conditions are provided for separation and subsequent utilization of the subsequent membrane impurity mixture.

(2) The movable blades of the movable blade mechanism are spirally arranged, so that the conveying effect can be realized, the film impurity mixture is conveyed backwards through the movable blades which are spirally arranged, the movable blades can tear the flexible film without breaking the flexible film in a rotating state, and the mixing of the flexible residual film and the flocculent rod is avoided.

(4) The blade bodies of the movable blade and the fixed blade are both arranged into the trapezoidal structure, so that the cutting space between the blades is enlarged, the blades can more easily cut the membrane impurity mixture, the blades cannot be clamped due to excessive soil, the blade bodies are arranged into the trapezoidal structure, the cutting is facilitated, and the phenomenon of membrane hanging cannot occur.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a mechanical harvesting membrane and hybrid compound combined knife-type crushing device according to one or more embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a moving blade mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined moving blade mechanism and stationary blade mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a stationary knife mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a movable blade and tool holder assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a stationary blade according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

in the figure: the mutual spacing or size is exaggerated to show the position of each part, and the schematic diagram is only used for illustration;

wherein, 1, a conveyor belt; 2. a feed inlet; 3. a rib plate; 4. a housing; 5. a rear end baffle; 6. a stationary knife mechanism; 7. a frame; 8. a front end baffle; 9. a controller; 10. a movable cutter mechanism; 11. a three-phase asynchronous motor; 12. a stepping motor; 101. a drive shaft; 102. rotating the drum; 103. fixing the tool apron; 104. a movable blade; 601. a fixed cutter fixing frame; 602. fixing a blade; 603. and (5) fixing the bolt.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

As introduced in the background art, the conventional crushing device can only shear cotton stalks in a film into small sections of materials, and flexible residual films need to be crushed at high speed, but the straws are easily crushed into fine flocculent stalks by high-speed crushing, the subsequent film rods are difficult to separate, the ductility of the residual films is good, so that the residual films are easily wound around cutter shafts, and ideal broken materials are difficult to obtain by a simple shearing or tearing mode.

Example 1

In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a combined knife type crushing device for machine-harvested film and impurity mixture is provided, which includes a frame 7, a feeding mechanism, a control mechanism and a crushing mechanism, wherein the frame is formed by welding channel steel, and the feeding mechanism, the control mechanism and the crushing mechanism are all fixedly disposed on the frame.

Wherein, feed mechanism comprises conveyer belt 1, step motor 12 and charge door 2, and wherein conveyer belt and step motor are all fixed to be set up in the frame, and the conveyer belt has head end and tail end, and the conveyer belt is whole to be oblique ascending angle, and the tail end is higher than the head end setting promptly, and step motor sets up the head end at the conveyer belt for the drive conveyer belt rotates, thereby makes the miscellaneous mixture of membrane on the conveyer belt carry charge door department, and the charge door sets up the tail end lower part at the conveyer belt, and with crushing mechanism fixed connection.

Specifically, crushing mechanism outside is equipped with dustcoat 4, front end baffle 8, rear end baffle 5, breaker and power take off, the dustcoat is two half-cylinder structure, relative fixation sets up and forms the drum structure in the frame, this drum structure front end and rear end are the opening setting, front end baffle and rear end baffle set up the both ends at the dustcoat respectively, wherein, the front end baffle be circular plate structure and with dustcoat fixed connection, the rear end baffle be semi-circular plate structure and with dustcoat rear end fixed connection, thereby form the discharge gate at dustcoat rear end bottom, so that the interior membrane miscellaneous mixture of breaker can be followed the rear end of dustcoat and discharged.

A plurality of rib plates 3 are uniformly arranged outside the outer cover according to a certain distance, and the rib plates are used for improving the anti-collision capacity of the outer cover and avoiding the deformation of the outer cover caused by the collision of the splashed broken soil and broken stones on the outer cover when the membrane mixed mixture is broken.

The crushing device is arranged in the outer cover, the power output device is fixedly arranged on the rack, is positioned outside the outer cover and is close to the front end baffle, and the power output device is connected with the crushing device in the outer cover.

The charge door is a funnel structure, sets up in the one side that the dustcoat is close to the front end baffle to with dustcoat top fixed connection, the dustcoat top is equipped with the opening with the charge door junction for send into the dustcoat with the miscellaneous mixture of membrane inside.

It will be appreciated that the feed port is preferably positioned infinitely close to the front end baffle to maximize the transport path of the film hybrid within the housing, ensuring cutting and tearing of the film hybrid.

In this embodiment, the power output device is a three-phase asynchronous motor 11, and in other embodiments, other motors can be used, as long as the power output device can be used as a power output mechanism to drive the crushing device to work.

The crushing device consists of a movable cutter mechanism 10 and a fixed cutter mechanism 6 which work cooperatively to simultaneously carry out shearing and tearing combined treatment on the membrane mixture.

The movable knife mechanism is composed of a transmission shaft 101, a rotating roller 102, a plurality of fixed knife holders 103 and a plurality of movable knife blades 104, the rotating roller is arranged inside the outer cover, the middle of the rotating roller is fixedly provided with the transmission shaft, the transmission shaft penetrates through a front end baffle to be connected with a three-phase asynchronous motor, the transmission shaft rotates to realize the driving of the rotating roller, the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with a rear end baffle, and a bearing seat can be arranged at the joint.

A single movable blade is fixedly connected with a single fixed blade holder through a bolt, the fixed blade holder is fixedly arranged on the rotary drum, the movable blade is arranged along the radial direction of the rotary drum, and the plurality of movable blades are spirally arranged on the outer wall of the rotary drum, so that the movable blade mechanism not only can tear in a rotating state, but also can play a role in conveying, and the membrane impurity mixture is conveyed to the rear end.

The movable blade is polished by the 65Mn of thickness 6mm and is formed, is the trapezium structure, and the blade has been seted up to the side, and the working space of blade has been enlarged in the setting of trapezium structure, has effectively avoided the emergence of card sword problem.

It can be understood that the fixed blade holder can be fixedly connected with the rotating roller in a welding mode, and can also be fixed by bolts or anchor bolts, as long as the fixed blade holder can be ensured to be fixed in position without deviation, and no limitation is required here.

The fixed knife mechanism comprises a fixed knife fixing frame 601, fixed blades 602 and fixing bolts 603, wherein the number of the fixed knife fixing frames is two, the fixed knife fixing frames are arranged on two sides of the movable knife mechanism and are respectively fixedly connected with the rack so as to realize the position fixation of the fixed blades, the fixed blades extend from the fixed knife fixing frame to the rotating roller, and a gap is arranged between the end parts of the fixed blades and the rotating roller.

It can be understood that, in order to ensure that a gap is formed between the end part of the fixed blade and the rotary roller, so that the fixed blade mechanism and the movable blade mechanism do not collide in the cooperative working process, the inner diameter of the outer cover needs to be larger than the size of the outermost edge of the movable blade mechanism.

In an optional embodiment, the outer cover is arranged into an upper semicircular structure and a lower semicircular structure, and two sides of each semicircular structure are fixed on the fixed cutter fixing frame, so that the outer cover cannot block the matching of the fixed cutter mechanism and the movable cutter mechanism, and the whole structure can be fixed stably.

In other embodiments, slots may be provided at positions corresponding to the stationary knife mechanism on both sides of the housing 4 for the stationary knife to extend into the housing, so that the stationary knife and the movable knife cooperate with each other to shear the membrane impurities;

or the fixed cutter mechanism can be fixedly arranged on the inner side of the outer cover, so that the fixed cutter mechanism can be matched with the movable cutter mechanism to realize crushing work, and the crushing work is not limited too much.

The fixed blades are arranged in a plurality of numbers and are uniformly and fixedly arranged on the fixed cutter rest at certain intervals under the action of the fixing bolts.

The fixed blade is of a symmetrical structure formed by bending No. 45 steel, namely the fixed blade consists of two blade bodies and a blade holder, the two blade bodies are arranged oppositely and at intervals, the bottoms of the two blade bodies are connected through the blade holder, the blade bodies and the blade holder are integrally formed, and the fixed blade is U-shaped as a whole; the blade body is vertical to the fixed cutter rest and parallel to the movable cutter; the blade holder is used for cooperating fixing bolt to realize the fixed blade fixed, and blade body thickness 6mm, blade body are trapezoidal, and the blade has been seted up to the side.

It can be understood that the distance between the fixed blades and the distance between two blades in one fixed blade are determined according to the distance between the fixed blade seats in the movable blade mechanism, as long as the movable blade can be positioned between the two fixed blades or pass between the two blades in one fixed blade when the movable blade mechanism rotates, and no limitation is made here. If the distance between the blade bodies is set to be equal to the distance between the adjacent movable blades in the axial direction, the movable blades can pass through the gap between the blade bodies when rotating, and the shearing matching of the movable blade mechanism and the fixed blade mechanism is realized.

The control mechanism is a controller 9 with a display screen, is fixedly arranged on the frame and mainly functions to set the rotation speed of the stepping motor and the three-phase asynchronous motor according to actual requirements so as to realize feed adjustment and rotating speed adjustment of the moving knife mechanism. The moving cutter mechanism and the feeding mechanism are provided with independent driving devices, so that feeding adjustment and rotating speed adjustment of the moving cutter mechanism can be performed according to actual requirements, and the problem of blockage of the crushing device is effectively avoided.

The rotating speed of the moving knife mechanism is in a low-speed state, so that the membrane impurity mixture can be crushed into small blocks or sheets, and the straws are in small blocks rather than fine crushing state.

Example 2

In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a working method of the mechanical harvesting membrane and hybrid compound combined knife type crushing device as described in embodiment 1 is provided, which specifically includes the following steps:

according to the actual operation condition, the speed control of the stepping motor and the three-phase asynchronous motor is adjusted through the controller so as to adjust the feeding speed and the rotating speed of the moving knife mechanism.

During operation, the membrane impurity mixture is conveyed into the feed inlet through the conveyor belt, the three-phase asynchronous motor drives the moving cutter mechanism to rotate at high speed through the transmission shaft, and the moving cutter blade and the fixed cutter blade form relative motion, so that on one hand, the moving cutter mechanism and the fixed cutter mechanism are matched to complete shearing action on the membrane impurity mixture, and on the other hand, the moving cutter mechanism tears the membrane impurity mixture in the rotating process; the spiral structure formed by the movable blades conveys the membrane impurity mixture to the rear end while tearing, and the membrane impurity mixture finishes the work of shearing, tearing and conveying backwards simultaneously under the cooperation of the movable blade mechanism and the fixed blade mechanism, so that the efficient crushing treatment of the membrane impurity mixture is realized.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A combined knife type crushing device for mechanical film collecting mixed materials is characterized by comprising a moving knife mechanism, wherein fixed knife mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the moving knife mechanism; the movable cutter mechanism comprises a rotary roller, a plurality of movable blades are fixedly arranged on the outer side of the rotary roller, and the rotary roller is sleeved in the outer cover; the fixed cutter mechanism comprises a fixed cutter fixing frame, a plurality of fixed blades are fixedly arranged on the fixed cutter fixing frame, the fixed blades extend from the fixed cutter fixing frame to the rotating roller, and a gap is formed between the end part of each fixed blade and the rotating roller.

2. The mechanical harvesting membrane-hybrid combined knife crusher as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of moving blades are arranged in a spiral line outside the rotating drum.

3. The mechanical harvesting mixed compound combined knife type crushing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movable blade is arranged along the radial direction of the rotating drum.

4. The combined knife-type crushing device for the harvested film miscellaneous mixtures according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the fixed knife comprises two oppositely arranged knife blade bodies, the bottoms of the knife blade bodies are connected through a knife holder, the knife holder is fixed on a fixed knife fixing frame, and the movable knife blade can penetrate through the knife blade bodies of the adjacent fixed knife blades or the knife blade bodies of the same fixed knife blade when the rotary roller rotates so as to shear the film miscellaneous mixtures.

5. The mechanical harvesting membrane hybrid compound combined knife crusher of claim 4, wherein the blade body and the movable blade are arranged in parallel.

6. The mechanical harvesting mixed compound combined knife-type crushing device of claim 4, wherein the blade body is in a trapezoidal structure, and cutting edges are arranged at two sides of the blade body.

7. The mechanical harvesting membrane-impurity-mixture combined knife type crushing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movable blade is in a trapezoidal structure, and cutting edges are arranged at two sides of the movable blade.

8. The mechanical collecting membrane hybrid composite knife type crushing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer cover is fixedly arranged on the frame, a feeding port is arranged at the top of one side of the outer cover, a discharging port is arranged at the other side of the outer cover, a feeding mechanism is arranged at the feeding port, and baffles are fixedly arranged at two ends of the outer cover.

9. The mechanical harvesting mixed compound combined knife type crushing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary drum is connected with a power output device through a transmission shaft, and the power output device is connected with a controller.

10. The working method of the mechanical harvesting membrane and hybrid compound combined knife type crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:

the film impurity mixture is conveyed into the outer cover, the rotating roller of the moving blade mechanism rotates to drive the moving blade to rotate, relative motion is formed between the moving blade and the fixed blade to shear the film impurity mixture, and meanwhile, the film impurity mixture is torn in the rotating process of the moving blade mechanism, so that the film impurity mixture is crushed.

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