CN113856642B - 一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN113856642B
CN113856642B CN202111037474.XA CN202111037474A CN113856642B CN 113856642 B CN113856642 B CN 113856642B CN 202111037474 A CN202111037474 A CN 202111037474A CN 113856642 B CN113856642 B CN 113856642B
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徐晨
杨振
张凯
徐增睿
陈武炼
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料的制备方法及应用。该填料制备方法包括以下步骤:在反应釜中加入水,开搅拌后投入分散剂,搅拌溶解;依次加入反应单体,引发剂和致孔剂充分搅拌,升温至65℃聚合1~3小时;再将提前配制的模板分子的混合液通过滴液漏斗滴加入到反应釜中,升温至65~90℃反应6~24小时,将所得产物经抽滤、洗涤、干燥后制得聚合物微球;用洗脱溶剂对聚合物微球洗脱,去除模板分子,即可制得一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取填料。该法制备的苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取填料具有超高的交联度,对于苯并(a)芘等多烷芳烃类物质有很好的选择性吸附效果,且模板分子芘价格低廉,便于工业化生产。

Description

一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料及其制备方法与 应用
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料的制备领域,具体涉及一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
在已查出的致癌物中,有一半以上是多环芳烃类化合物。其中,苯并(a)芘不仅是其中毒性最大的一种,也是占比例较大的一种,约占全部环境中致癌多环芳烃类化合物的20%。苯并(a)芘主要存在于煤焦油、各类碳、煤、石油等燃烧时产生的烟气、汽车尾气,加工橡胶、熏制食品、工业废水中;食品在烟熏和烘烤过程中发生焦糊现象时,苯并(a)芘的生成量将会比普通食物增加10~20倍,苯并(a)芘在人体中能够稳定存在,日积月累,危害不容小觑。《GB 5009.265-2016》、《GB 5009.27-2016》对食品中多环芳烃类、苯并(a)芘的测定也都进行了规范。
传统的固相萃取柱普遍存在着选择性差的缺点,不能满足对复杂基质中痕量目标物的检测要求,分子印迹固相萃取柱能很好的解决这个问题。分子印迹聚合物是通过模板分子与具有适合官能团的功能单体相互作用形成多重作用点,之后加入交联剂,进行聚合反应,最后在一定条件下解除模板分子,形成特定三维立体空穴,可与目标物进行高度选择性的结合。苏球等人先制备出低分子量的聚合物微球,再用自制的1.4-二氯甲氧基丁烷作为氯甲基化试剂,在后交联中用苯酚修饰,环己胺为印迹模板,制备出含酚羟基修饰的超高交联分子印迹吸附树脂,比表面积约678.3m2/g,对水中的苯和苯胺吸附较好。(苏球.含酚羟基超高交联分子印迹吸附树脂的制备及吸附性能研究[D].江苏大学.)此法制备的树脂比表面积低,填料易塌陷导致空穴结构不稳定,且工艺较为复杂。
中国专利文献CN102921390A公开了一种以菲罗啉或Phen-Fe为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基吡啶等为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,通氮气脱氧,最终得到坚硬的固体聚合物;还需要经过粉碎,研磨,过筛,再用冰乙酸-甲醇溶液索提,得到苯并芘(a)分子印迹聚合物。该专利制备过程虽然较为简单、经济环保,但是通氮除氧加上模板分子洗脱困难,势必使得工业化生产受到限制;另外经过粉碎、研磨之后的填料粒径形状不规则,会降低固相萃取小柱的流速,严重降低检测效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料的制备方法与应用,该填料可应用于检测多种基质中的痕量苯并(a)芘;该填料制备过程简单,原料毒性小,填料的比表面积可在500~1500m2/g范围内调控。
本发明为解决上述技术问题而采用的技术方案是提供一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料的制备方法,其中,包括如下步骤:在反应釜中加入水,开搅拌后投入分散剂,搅拌溶解;依次加入反应单体,引发剂和致孔剂充分搅拌,升温至65℃聚合1~3小时;再将提前配制的模板分子的混合液通过滴液漏斗滴加入到反应釜中,升温至65~90℃反应6~24小时,将所得产物经抽滤、洗涤、干燥后制得聚合物微球;用洗脱溶剂对聚合物微球洗脱,去除模板分子,即可制得一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取填料。
进一步地,所述分散剂为聚乙烯醇、羟丙基纤维素和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮中的任意一种,所述分散剂与反应单体的质量比为2~10:100。
进一步地,所述反应单体为N-乙烯基吡啶、苯乙烯和二乙烯基苯中的一种或两种。
进一步地,所述反应单体为N-乙烯基吡啶和二乙烯基苯,两者的质量比为1~6.7:100。
进一步地,所述致孔剂为均三甲苯和甲苯中的一种或两种,所述致孔剂与反应单体的质量比为0.2~1.5:1。
进一步地,所述引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁腈,所述引发剂与反应单体的质量比为0.01~0.1:1。
进一步地,所述模板分子的混合液为模板分子芘与甲苯、引发剂的混合液,所述模板分子、甲苯、引发剂与反应单体的质量比为1:1~10:0.1~0.35:5~100。
进一步地,所述洗脱溶剂为二氯甲烷、丙酮和甲苯中的一种。
本发明为解决上述技术问题还提供一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料的应用,所述填料由上述制备方法制得,所述填料的比表面积为500~1500m2/g,用于食用油中苯并(a)吡的分离。
进一步地,所述填料的比表面积为687~1500m2/g。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明制备过程简单,原料毒性较小,模板分子芘价格低廉,且工艺路线短,易于大批量生产。
(2)本发明聚合物微球比表面积可调控,改变致孔剂用量来调控填料比表面积。
(3)本发明聚合物填料交联度高,比表面积大,聚合物带有的苯环等刚性结构可提高分子印迹孔穴的稳定性和识别性能。
(4)本发明模板剂分子的去除简单,因为模板分子与聚合物表层分子相互作用,浅层包埋,后期模板分子脱除无需长时间的索式抽提,利于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为标准品的苯并(a)芘高效液相色谱图;
图2为经过苯并(a)芘固相萃取小柱处理后的苯并(a)芘高效液相色谱图;
图3为苯并(a)芘分子印迹聚合物填料的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述,但不应理解为是对本发明的限制。
本发明提供一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料的制备方法,将预聚合的聚合物基质微球和模板分子芘进行π—π作用吸附加上浅层物理包埋,在聚合物基质的表面留下特异性识别位点;具体包括如下步骤:
反应釜中加入水,开搅拌后投入分散剂,搅拌溶解;
搅拌充分后依次加入反应单体,引发剂,致孔剂充分搅拌,升温至65℃聚合1~3小时;
再将提前配制的模板分子的混合液滴加入反应釜中,升温至65~90℃反应6~24小时,将所得产物经抽滤、洗涤、干燥,即可制得聚合物微球;
用洗脱溶剂对聚合物微球洗脱,去除模板分子,在聚合物基体中留下与模板分子大小和形状匹配的空穴,即可制得一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹填料。
本发明采用二乙烯基苯等单体先预聚合成低交联的基质微球,再加入模板分子芘通过自组装法中的π—π作用吸附在基质微球表面,继续升温引发聚合物微球的进一步交联聚合,增大高分子微球的比表面积,得到的苯并(a)芘分子印迹模板分子吸附在微球表面,易于模板分子芘的脱除,且聚合物微球有高度交联的特性,刚性好,不易塌陷,苯环的大量存在,对苯并(a)吡具有高度的吸附选择性。此外,模板分子芘价格低廉,便于工业化生产。在做花生油中苯并(a)芘回收率测试时,数据显示回收率高达98.6%~110.0%,应用性能达到商品化的苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取填料的需求。
优选地,所述分散剂为聚乙烯醇、羟丙基纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮中的任意一种,分散剂与反应单体的质量比为2~10:100。
优选地,所述反应单体为N-乙烯基吡啶、苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯中的一种或两种,优选N-乙烯基吡啶和二乙烯基苯,两者的质量比为1~6.7:100。
优选地,所述致孔剂为均三甲苯、甲苯中的一种或两种,所述致孔剂与反应单体的质量比为0.2~1.5:1。
优选地,所述引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁腈,所述引发剂与反应单体的质量比为0.01~0.1:1。
进一步地,所述模板分子的混合液为模板分子芘与致孔剂、引发剂的混合液,芘相对苯(a)并芘价格低廉,毒性更低,用作模板分子可降低工业化生产成本;致孔剂进一步增加高分子微球的比表面积,同时可作为溶剂溶解芘。所述模板分子、致孔剂、引发剂与反应单体的质量比优选为1:1~10:0.1~0.35:5~100。
进一步地,所述洗脱用的混合溶剂为二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲苯中的一种,优选二氯甲烷。
以下实施例为采用本发明方法制备的苯并(a)芘分子印迹聚合物,并应用于对花生油中苯并(a)芘的固相萃取前处理和液相上机检测。
实施例1
在500mL三口烧瓶中先加入200mL水,机械搅拌速度调为550转/分钟,接着加入1.4g羟丙基纤维素,搅拌半小时溶解;依次加入2g N-乙烯基吡啶和68g二乙烯基苯、0.7g偶氮二异丁腈、14g甲苯,继续搅拌半小时后,升温至65℃,反应3小时后,滴液漏斗滴加芘溶液(芘:甲苯:偶氮二异丁腈的加入质量分别为10g、20g、0.1g),升温至85℃反应12小时,将产物用四氢呋喃洗涤2次,每次使用四氢呋喃100mL。将滤饼自然风干12h后,经真空干燥60℃,12小时,则聚合物微球制备完成。再用200mL二氯甲烷洗脱微球,去除模板分子,最后甲醇洗涤2次,每次使用甲醇100mL。滤饼自然风干12h后,经真空干燥60℃,12小时,即可制得一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取填料。
实施例2
在5000mL三口烧瓶中先加入2000mL水,机械搅拌速度调为500转/分钟,接着加入20g羟丙基纤维素,搅拌半小时溶解;依次加入45g N-乙烯基吡啶和671g二乙烯基苯、10g偶氮二异丁腈、360g均三甲苯,继续搅拌半小时后,升温至65℃,反应3小时后,滴液漏斗滴加芘溶液(芘:均三甲苯:偶氮二异丁腈的加入质量分别为120g、141g、60g),升温至85℃反应20小时,将产物用四氢呋喃洗涤2次,每次使用四氢呋喃1000mL。将滤饼自然风干12h后,经真空干燥60℃,12小时,则聚合物微球制备完成。再用2000mL二氯甲烷洗脱微球,去除模板分子,最后甲醇洗涤2次,每次使用甲醇1000mL。滤饼自然风干12h后,经真空干燥60℃,12小时,即可制得一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取填料。
实施例3
在500mL三口烧瓶中先加入300mL水,机械搅拌速度调为550转/分钟,接着加入2.4g聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,搅拌半小时溶解;依次加入100g二乙烯基苯、3.4g过氧化苯甲酰、65g均三甲苯,继续搅拌半小时后,升温至65℃,反应3小时后,滴液漏斗滴加芘溶液(芘:甲苯:偶氮二异丁腈的加入质量分别为20g、35g、5.5g),升温至85℃反应24小时,将产物用四氢呋喃洗涤2次,每次使用四氢呋喃100mL。将滤饼自然风干12h后,经真空干燥60℃,12小时,则聚合物微球制备完成。再用200mL二氯甲烷洗脱微球,去除模板分子,最后甲醇洗涤2次,每次使用甲醇100mL。滤饼自然风干12h后,经真空干燥60℃,12小时,即可制得一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取填料。
实施例4
在500mL三口烧瓶中先加入200mL水,机械搅拌速度调为450转/分钟,接着加入3.3g聚乙烯醇,搅拌半小时溶解;依次加入30g N-乙烯基吡啶和70g二乙烯基苯、4.4g过氧化苯甲酰、63g均三甲苯,继续搅拌半小时后,升温至65℃,反应3小时后,滴液漏斗滴加芘溶液(芘:甲苯:偶氮二异丁腈的加入质量分别为10g、67g、2.5g),升温至85℃反应24小时,将产物用四氢呋喃洗涤2次,每次使用四氢呋喃100mL。将滤饼自然风干12h后,经真空干燥60℃,12小时,则聚合物微球制备完成。再用200mL二氯甲烷洗脱微球,去除模板分子,最后甲醇洗涤2次,每次使用甲醇100mL。滤饼自然风干12h后,经真空干燥60℃,12小时,即可制得一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取填料。
图1和图2为苯并(a)芘标准溶液上机和过苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取小柱的高效液相色谱图,谱图表明了过柱后的苯并(a)芘峰与标准溶液上机的峰面积和峰形基本一致。结合表2可知,苯并(a)芘过柱回收率较高,在87.4%~109.2%之间。图3为苯并(a)芘分子印迹填料的扫描电镜图,图片表明该分子印迹填料为规整的球形结构,结合填料的高交联度,说明填料具有高比表面积,高吸附容量,可满足多种复杂基质中的苯并(a)芘的检测。
测试例1
将实施例1~4制备的苯并(a)芘分子印迹填料进行0.5g花生油的油脂净化效果测试,方法:肉眼观察洗脱溶液氮吹干后,容器壁上是否有油滴或者油状的液膜,结果见表1。根据表1可知,比表面积在687~1500m2/g时,填料的除油脂效果较好。
测试例2
将实施例1~4制备的苯并(a)芘分子印迹填料进行比表面积的测试,比表面积是指单位质量填料所具有的总面积;其他参数不变时,比表面积越大,填料的吸附性能越强。测试方法参考《GB/T 19587-2017气体吸附BET法测定固态物质比表面积》,检测仪器:麦克默瑞提克2020Plus系列,测试数据见表1。
表1为不同反应条件下芘分子印迹填料的比表面积和油脂净化效果
测试例3
将实施例1~4制备的苯并(a)芘分子印迹填料进行装柱,固相萃取柱容量为6mL,每支小柱装有填料500mg,具体操作步骤如下:
S1、活化平衡:5mL二氯甲烷,5mL正己烷;
S2、上样:3mL待净化样液,上样后用2mL正己烷润洗;
S3、淋洗:2*5mL正己烷;
S4、洗脱:5mL二氯甲烷,收集;
S5、定容:洗脱液在40℃下氮吹至干,用1mL乙腈复溶,超声1min,再漩涡混合10s,过0.22μm亲水PTFE针式滤器,待液相荧光检测。
本测试例中,标准品采用苯并(a)芘进行对照,上机检测浓度为10ppb,检测仪器为赛默飞U3000高效色谱仪。仪器测试方法参考《GB 5009.27-2016食品安全国家标准食品中苯并(a)芘的测定》。仪器参考条件:色谱柱:C18(4.6*250mm,5μm),或性能相当的色谱柱;流动相:乙腈:水=88:12;流速:1.0mL/min;柱温:35℃;荧光检测器:激发波长384nm,发射波长406nm;进样量:10μL。
实施例1~4制备的苯并(a)芘分子印迹填料对花生油中苯并(a)芘的回收率数据如表2所示。
表2苯并(a)芘分子印迹填料对苯并(a)芘的回收率
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作些许的修改和完善,因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (9)

1.一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
在反应釜中加入水,开搅拌后投入分散剂,搅拌溶解;
依次加入反应单体,引发剂和致孔剂充分搅拌,升温至65℃聚合1~3小时;
再将提前配制的模板分子的混合液通过滴液漏斗滴加入到反应釜中,升温至65~90℃反应6~24小时,将所得产物经抽滤、洗涤、干燥后制得聚合物微球;
用洗脱溶剂对聚合物微球洗脱,去除模板分子,即可制得一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取填料;
所述模板分子的混合液为模板分子芘与甲苯、引发剂的混合液,所述模板分子、甲苯、引发剂与反应单体的质量比为1:1~10:0.1~0.35:5~100。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述分散剂为聚乙烯醇、羟丙基纤维素和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮中的任意一种,所述分散剂与反应单体的质量比为2~10:100。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应单体为N-乙烯基吡啶、苯乙烯和二乙烯基苯中的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应单体为N-乙烯基吡啶和二乙烯基苯,两者的质量比为1~6.7:100。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述致孔剂为均三甲苯和甲苯中的一种或两种,所述致孔剂与反应单体的质量比为0.2~1.5:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁腈,所述引发剂与反应单体的质量比为0.01~0.1:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述洗脱溶剂为二氯甲烷、丙酮和甲苯中的一种。
8.一种苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料的应用,其特征在于,所述填料根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的制备方法制得,所述填料的比表面积为500~1500 m2/g,用于食用油中苯并(a)吡的分离。
9.根据权利要求8所述的苯并(a)芘分子印迹固相萃取柱填料的应用,其特征在于,所述填料的比表面积为687~1500 m2/g。
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