CN113854411B - Method for producing protein feed by recycling waste vegetable seedling or vine - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing protein feed by utilizing steam explosion waste vegetable seedling or vine resource, belonging to the technical field of vegetable waste resource utilization. The method for producing the protein feed by the steam explosion of the waste vegetable seedling or the vine comprises the following steps: removing impurities from waste vegetable rattan stems, crushing, performing steam explosion pretreatment, adding microbial bacteria and auxiliary materials into the materials after enzymolysis treatment, performing solid state fermentation, and drying and crushing fermentation products to obtain protein feed raw material products. The production method of the protein feed has the advantages of wide application range of raw materials, no special requirement on the dry freshness, short production period, low cost, less energy consumption, clean and environment-friendly process, thorough sterilization and high material utilization efficiency. The vegetable waste is recycled, so that waste is turned into wealth, the problems of environmental pollution, resource waste, land occupation and the like brought by the vegetable waste are solved, and the purposes of waste reduction and resource utilization are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method for producing protein feed by utilizing waste vegetable seedlings or vines.
Background
The production of vegetable waste rises year by year, and the waste vegetables which cannot be utilized on a large scale cause serious problems of resource waste and environmental pollution, and also occupy land to influence traffic and production living environment. If the treatment is improper (such as inadequate pollution prevention and control measures and incomplete fertilizer decomposition), secondary pollution can be generated, mosquitoes, flies and diseases and insect pests can be bred, and the problems of poor environmental sanitation and the potential risks of large-area spread of the diseases and insect pests in vegetable planting areas are brought. Therefore, the treatment and resource utilization of waste vegetables are a difficult problem to be solved.
The shortage of protein feed has become an important bottleneck problem in the development of animal husbandry, and vegetable waste has the advantages of large yield, multiple varieties, wide sources, readily available raw materials and low cost, and becomes an important way for protein sources in animal husbandry, and the resource utilization of the vegetable waste has important significance to environment and resource crisis.
CN1262050a provides a plant straw fungus protein feed, which is prepared by taking crushed plant straw and roots, stems, leaves and shells as raw materials, adding strains, uniformly mixing the strains with clean water, adding the raw materials into a container for culturing, and when the temperature of the material is raised to 45 ℃, giving out apple fragrance to feed livestock and poultry.
The above method has the following defects:
(1) The method does not carry out sterilization treatment, and is easy to introduce mixed bacteria in the fermentation process, so that the quality of the feed is reduced;
(2) The pretreatment is simply crushing, so that the later fermentation period is long, the fermentation is insufficient, and the large-scale production is not facilitated;
(3) The protein feed produced without enzymolysis has low protein content and is unfavorable for eating, digestion and absorption by animals.
Therefore, there is a need for improvement in the above-mentioned drawbacks, and a method for producing a protein feed with a short fermentation period, sufficient fermentation, and high protein content from waste vegetable seedlings or vines as a raw material is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing protein feed by utilizing waste vegetable seedlings or vines for recycling, so as to solve the problems of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the method for producing the protein feed by recycling the waste vegetable seedlings or vines comprises the following steps:
s1: removing impurities and crushing the abandoned vegetable seedlings or vines, and then placing the abandoned vegetable seedlings or vines in a steam explosion tank, and introducing saturated steam and compressed air to perform steam explosion treatment. The steam explosion treatment has triple effects, namely crushing wall-broken materials, destroying the compact structure of plants, increasing the porosity of the plants, improving the accessibility of enzymes and promoting the growth of microorganisms; secondly, structural components of materials such as cellulose, hemicellulose, protein and the like are subjected to hydrothermal degradation, so that release of substances such as oligosaccharide, short-chain active peptide and the like is promoted; sterilizing, and removing mixed bacteria by high-temperature high-pressure treatment of steam explosion;
s2: adding auxiliary materials into the materials subjected to steam explosion treatment, mixing, adding microbial agents for fermentation treatment, and producing the protein feed through solid state fermentation.
Alternatively, S1: removing impurities and crushing waste vegetable seedlings or vines, and then placing the crushed waste vegetable seedlings or vines in a steam explosion tank, and introducing saturated steam and compressed air to perform steam explosion treatment;
s2: adding an enzyme preparation into the material subjected to steam explosion treatment for enzymolysis;
s3: the materials after enzymolysis are collected and mixed with auxiliary materials, then are added with microbial agents for fermentation treatment, and the protein feed is produced through solid state fermentation.
Preferably, in S1, the waste vegetable seedling or vine is selected from at least one of dried and fresh waste vine stem generated by seedling pulling after any one of balsam pear, cucumber and white gourd is harvested;
the impurity removal step is as follows: removing non-rattan materials in the waste vegetable seedlings or rattan vines;
removing impurities and crushing waste vegetable seedlings or vines, and then placing the crushed waste vegetable seedlings or vines in a steam explosion tank, and sequentially introducing saturated steam and compressed air to perform low-temperature and high-pressure instantaneous explosion pretreatment.
Preferably, in S1, the water content of the waste vegetable seedling or vine is not adjusted or regulated to 30-70%.
Preferably, in S1, the low-temperature high-pressure instantaneous explosion steam explosion pretreatment is to place the materials in a steam explosion reaction tank, introduce saturated steam at 165-191 ℃ to maintain the pressure at 0.7-1.3 MPa, and after the reaction time is 3-15 min, introduce compressed air to continuously boost the pressure to 1.3-2.0 MPa, immediately rapidly release the pressure to explode the materials.
Preferably, in S2, the enzyme preparation comprises cellulases, xylanases, amylases, proteases.
Preferably, in the enzyme preparation, the total weight of the cellulase, the xylanase, the amylase and the protease accounts for 0.001-0.1 percent of the total weight of the materials, and the weight ratio of the cellulase, the xylanase, the protease and the amylase is 4-6: 0.8 to 1.3:0.9 to 1.1:0.3 to 0.6.
Preferably, in S3, the auxiliary material is selected from at least one of rice bran, wheat bran and corn flour; and at least one of sucrose and brown sugar; and at least one of urea, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, wherein the mass ratio of the material to the auxiliary materials after the steam explosion treatment is 8-9: 1-2.
Preferably, in S3, the microbial agent is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Preferably, in S3, the fermentation conditions are: fermenting for 2-3 days at the temperature of 25-35 ℃.
Preferably, the solid state fermentation process of producing protein feed includes the following steps:
s1: removing impurities from the waste vegetable seedlings or vines, crushing the waste vegetable seedlings or vines, not treating the fresh waste vegetable seedlings or vines, adjusting the water content of the dried or low-water-content waste vegetable seedlings or vines to 30-70%, placing the waste vegetable seedlings or vines in a steam explosion tank, introducing saturated steam to maintain the pressure to be 0.7-1.3 MPa, reacting for 3-15 min, introducing compressed air to continuously boost the pressure to be 1.3-2.0 MPa, and immediately rapidly decompressing to burst out the materials; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
S2: adding an enzyme preparation into the material subjected to steam explosion treatment for enzymolysis; the composite enzyme preparation accounts for 0.001 to 0.1 percent of the total weight of the steam explosion material;
s3: and (3) collecting the material subjected to the enzyme treatment in the step (S2), mixing the material with auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 8-9:2-1, adjusting the water content to 30-70%, adding saccharomyces cerevisiae accounting for 0.5-20% of the mass of the mixed material, placing the mixture in an incubator, fermenting for 2-3 days at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, taking out the material, drying and crushing to obtain the protein feed product.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) The invention has wide sources of raw materials, is easy to obtain, has no special requirement on the water content of the raw materials, does not need special adjustment under the general condition, only needs to carry out water inflow and rehydration treatment on overdry materials to ensure the treatment effect, and is beneficial to simplifying the production process, saving the production cost and improving the production efficiency.
(2) Aiming at producing high-quality protein feed, an enzyme preparation can be added for enzymolysis in the process of processing materials, so that the protein content and nutrient substances of the produced protein feed are further improved, and the digestion and absorption of livestock and poultry are facilitated; in addition, for large-scale production, the technology without enzymolysis is simpler, the cost is lower, the preparation period is shorter (2-3 days), and the requirement of high production efficiency can be met.
(3) The raw materials are thoroughly sterilized after steam explosion pretreatment, the process of dissolving out substances in the materials and fermenting is accelerated, the process is rapid, clean and efficient, the environmental pollution, the resource waste and the poor environmental sanitation caused by waste are reduced through the cyclic utilization of the waste rattan stems, and the purposes of reducing and recycling the waste in the vegetable industry are achieved. The obtained product is protein-rich feed which takes vegetable waste as a raw material source, reduces the pressure of animal husbandry production on environment and resources, realizes the industrial resource cascade utilization of the vegetable industry and animal husbandry, and has obvious environmental and economic benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the protein content of protein feed prepared by fermenting bitter melon seedling with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at different times;
FIG. 2 shows the protein content of protein feed prepared under different enzymolysis conditions of fermented bitter gourd seedling with Saccharomyces cerevisiae;
FIG. 3 shows crude protein content in different microbial agent fermented steam exploded bitter gourd seedling protein feed;
FIG. 4 shows crude protein and crude fiber content in the Momordica charantia seedling protein feed before and after steam explosion.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The enzyme preparation and the saccharomyces cerevisiae are both commercial products.
Example 1
In order to prove the effectiveness of the steam explosion and fermentation treatment of the invention, the following is a blank control group test without steam explosion and an effect group test before and after fermentation under different steam explosion treatment conditions:
the method for producing the protein feed by recycling the waste vegetable seedlings or vines comprises the following steps:
s1: removing impurities from fresh pumpkin seedlings, crushing, placing the fresh pumpkin seedlings in a steam explosion tank, introducing saturated steam to maintain a certain pressure for 5min, introducing compressed air to continuously boost pressure, immediately rapidly decompressing and popping out the materials;
s2: the mass ratio of the materials after the steam explosion treatment is 90:10, adding auxiliary materials, adjusting the water content to 60%, adding saccharomyces cerevisiae accounting for 10% of the mass of the mixed materials, placing the mixed materials in an incubator, fermenting for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days at 30 ℃, taking out the materials, and drying and crushing at 50 ℃ to obtain a protein feed product.
The data of the protein content in the balsam pear seedling protein feed under different fermentation time are shown in figure 1.
Note that: the steam explosion conditions are that the maintenance pressure is 1 MPa, the pressure is 5min, and the pressure is relieved by 1.5 MPa.
Under the condition of no steam explosion and no fermentation, the protein content in the bitter gourd seedlings is only 13.0 percent. After steam explosion, the crude protein content is improved, and after fermentation, the protein content in the steam exploded bitter gourd seedling feed is further improved, so that the standard requirement of the protein feed is met, and the effectiveness of steam explosion and fermentation treatment is demonstrated. The method for steam explosion and fermentation has shorter production period, and the protein content in the fermentation material is basically stable only by 2-3 days.
Example 2
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the enzymatic treatment of the present invention, the following are blank tests without enzymatic hydrolysis and effect group tests with different enzymatic treatment conditions:
the method for producing the protein feed by recycling the waste vegetable seedlings or vines comprises the following steps:
s1: removing impurities from fresh pumpkin seedling, crushing, naturally drying in the sun, putting the dried material with water content of 70%, putting the dried material into a steam explosion tank, introducing saturated steam to 1.0MPa, maintaining the pressure for 5min, introducing compressed air to continuously boost the pressure to 1.5 MPa, and immediately rapidly releasing the pressure to explode the material;
s2: adding an enzyme preparation into the material subjected to steam explosion treatment for enzymolysis treatment;
s3: collecting the materials subjected to the enzyme treatment in the step S2, and then mixing the materials with auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 85:15, adjusting the water content to 60%, adding saccharomyces cerevisiae accounting for 10% of the mass of the mixed materials, placing the mixture in an incubator, fermenting for 3 days at 32 ℃, taking out the materials, drying and crushing the materials, and obtaining the protein feed product.
The data of the protein content in the balsam pear seedling protein feed under different enzymolysis conditions after the fermentation treatment of the saccharomyces cerevisiae are shown in figure 2.
Note that: the mass ratio of the complex enzyme is cellulase: xylanase: protease: amylase = 5:1:1:0.5; enzymolysis condition 1: the addition amount of the complex enzyme is 0.01%;
enzymolysis condition 2: the addition amount of the complex enzyme is 0.05 percent.
As can be seen from the attached drawings, the crude protein content of the steam exploded material after the enzyme treatment is further improved, so that the effectiveness of the enzymolysis treatment in the invention is demonstrated.
Example 3
To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the fermentation treatment of the present invention, the following are comparative experiments with the addition of different microbial agents:
the method for producing the protein feed by recycling the waste vegetable seedlings or vines comprises the following steps:
s1: removing impurities from fresh pumpkin seedling, crushing, naturally drying in the sun, putting the dried material with water content of 30%, putting the dried material into a steam explosion tank, introducing saturated steam to 1.0MPa, maintaining the pressure for 5min, introducing compressed air to continuously boost the pressure to 1.5 MPa, and immediately rapidly releasing the pressure to explode the material;
s2: adding auxiliary materials into the materials according to the mass ratio of 9:1, and not adding or respectively adding saccharomyces cerevisiae, oxime-producing saccharomycetes, rhizopus and trichoderma viride accounting for 10% of the mass of the mixed materials, placing the materials into an incubator, fermenting for 5 days at 30 ℃, taking out the materials, and drying and crushing at 50 ℃ to obtain the protein feed product.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the effect of the crude protein content in the fermented steam exploded bitter gourd seedling protein feed: saccharomyces cerevisiae > oxime producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae > Rhizopus > Trichoderma viride.
Example 4
To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the fermentation treatment of the present invention, the following are control experiments without steam explosion fermentation and with the addition of other microbial agents:
the method for producing the protein feed by recycling the waste vegetable seedlings or vines comprises the following steps:
s1: removing impurities from fresh pumpkin seedling, crushing, naturally drying in the sun, putting the dried material with the water content of 50%, putting the dried material into a steam explosion tank, introducing saturated steam to 1.0MPa, maintaining the pressure for 5min, introducing compressed air to continuously boost the pressure to 1.5 MPa, and immediately rapidly releasing the pressure to explode the material;
s2: adding auxiliary materials corn flour into the materials according to the mass ratio of 80:20, adding candida oxime production and saccharomyces cerevisiae accounting for 10% of the mass of the mixed materials after steam explosion or steam explosion, placing the materials into an incubator, fermenting for 7 days at 30 ℃, taking out the materials, and drying and crushing at 50 ℃ to obtain the protein feed product.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the fermented protein content of the balsam pear seedling is increased and the crude fiber content is reduced after steam explosion, which illustrates the effectiveness of the invention in selecting steam explosion and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and the content of crude fiber in the fermented feed is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the digestibility of the feed.
Example 5
To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the cellulase enzymatic treatment, the following are comparative tests without enzymatic control tests and enzymatic treatments:
the control test without enzymatic hydrolysis was performed as in example 1.
Comparative group test of cellulase enzymolysis:
s1: removing impurities from fresh pumpkin seedling, crushing, naturally drying in the sun, putting the dried material with the water content of 50%, putting the dried material into a steam explosion tank, introducing saturated steam to 1.0MPa, maintaining the pressure for 5min, introducing compressed air to continuously boost the pressure to 1.5 MPa, and immediately rapidly releasing the pressure to explode the material;
s2: adding 0.05% of cellulase enzyme preparation into the steam-exploded material for enzymolysis treatment;
s3: adding auxiliary materials into the material subjected to enzymolysis according to the mass ratio of 80:13, adjusting the water content to 60%, adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae accounting for 1% of the mass of the mixed material, placing the mixture in an incubator, fermenting at 35 ℃ for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days, respectively taking out the material, drying and crushing at 50 ℃ to obtain a protein feed product, and measuring the protein content of the protein feed product.
Example 6
To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the xylanase enzymatic treatment, the following are comparative tests without enzymatic control and xylanase enzymatic:
the control test without enzymatic hydrolysis was performed as in example 1.
Comparative group test of xylanase enzymatic hydrolysis:
s1: removing impurities from fresh pumpkin seedling, crushing, naturally drying in the sun, putting the dried material with the water content of 50%, putting the dried material into a steam explosion tank, introducing saturated steam to 1.0MPa, maintaining the pressure for 5min, introducing compressed air to continuously boost the pressure to 1.5 MPa, and immediately rapidly releasing the pressure to explode the material;
s2: adding 0.05% of xylanase enzyme preparation into the steam-exploded material for enzymolysis treatment;
s3: adding corn flour serving as an auxiliary material into the material subjected to enzymolysis according to the mass ratio of 80:13, adjusting the water content to 60%, adding saccharomyces cerevisiae accounting for 1% of the mass of the mixed material, placing the mixture in an incubator, fermenting at 35 ℃ for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days, respectively taking out the material, drying and crushing at 50 ℃ to obtain a protein feed product, and measuring the protein content of the protein feed product.
Example 7
A method for producing protein feed by using waste vegetable seedling (vine) comprises the following steps:
(1) Removing impurities and crushing the dried and fresh mixed waste bitter gourd and vegetable seedlings after seedling pulling, putting the dried and fresh mixed waste bitter gourd and vegetable seedlings into a steam explosion tank, introducing saturated steam, maintaining the pressure at 1.0MPa for 5min, introducing compressed air to continuously boost the pressure to 1.5 MPa, immediately rapidly decompressing and explosion the materials for steam explosion treatment;
(2) At 45 ℃, adding a compound enzyme preparation accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the material after steam explosion for enzymolysis, wherein the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, amylase, xylanase and protease, and the mass ratio of the compound enzyme is that of the cellulase: xylanase: protease: amylase = 5:1:1:0.5;
(3) Adding corn flour according to the mass ratio of the steam exploded material to the corn flour of 85:15 after enzymolysis, taking the mixed material as a substrate, adding commercial candida oxime production accounting for 10% of the substrate, then adding 2% of sucrose, 1.0% of urea, 1.5% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate into the substrate, adjusting the water content to 60%, and fully and uniformly mixing;
(4) And (3) placing the materials in the step (3) in an incubator at the natural pH value, fermenting for 96 hours at 30 ℃, and drying and crushing at 50 ℃ to obtain the protein feed product.
Example 8
Preferably, a method for producing protein feed from waste vegetable seedling (vine) comprises the following steps:
(1) Removing impurities and crushing the dried and fresh mixed waste bitter gourd and vegetable seedlings after seedling pulling, putting the dried and fresh mixed waste bitter gourd and vegetable seedlings into a steam explosion tank, introducing saturated steam, maintaining the pressure at 1.0MPa for 5min, introducing compressed air to continuously boost the pressure to 1.5 MPa, immediately rapidly decompressing and explosion the materials for steam explosion treatment;
(2) At 45 ℃, adding a compound enzyme preparation accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the material after steam explosion for enzymolysis, wherein the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, amylase, xylanase and protease, and the mass ratio of the compound enzyme is that of the cellulase: xylanase: protease: amylase = 5:1:1:0.5;
(3) Adding corn flour according to the mass ratio of the steam exploded material to the corn flour of 9:1 after enzymolysis, taking the mixed material as a substrate, adding commercial saccharomyces cerevisiae accounting for 8% of the substrate, then adding 2% of sucrose, 1.0% of urea, 1.5% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate into the substrate, adjusting the water content to 55%, and fully and uniformly mixing;
(4) And (3) placing the materials in the step (3) in an incubator at the natural pH value, fermenting for 3d at 30 ℃, and drying and crushing at 50 ℃ to obtain the protein feed product.
The results show that the protein feeds of example 7 and example 8 are preferably higher in quality than the other examples.
The percentages mentioned in the above examples are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
In addition, the protein content of the material is low under the condition of no steam explosion and no fermentation. When the waste vegetable seedling or vine is removed of impurities and crushed, the protein content in the finally obtained product is improved through microbial fermentation treatment. The protein content of the feed subjected to the steam explosion fermentation treatment is obviously improved, and the steam explosion treatment achieves thorough sterilization, meanwhile, has an obvious wall breaking effect, obviously improves the porous performance of the solid matrix, enables cell wall components such as cellulose and hemicellulose to be hydrolyzed and thermally degraded into a large amount of sugar substances, promotes the release and degradation of intracellular components, increases the maximum water holding capacity of the material, and obviously improves the fermentation performance of the solid matrix. In addition, the action of the steam explosion wall enables holes to appear on the cell wall, so that the enzyme action is more sufficient, and the subsequent fungus propagation and growth are facilitated; on the other hand, saccharides obtained by enzyme hydrolysis and the like can be used as nutritional ingredients for fermenting saccharomycetes, so that the saccharomycetes can play a better role, and the purpose of improving the protein content in the product is achieved.
During the culture process, the sample group which is not subjected to steam explosion has invasion of mixed bacteria, which proves that the mixed bacteria are at risk of being introduced in the process of steam explosion, but the phenomenon is not found in the embodiment of steam explosion, and the quality of the protein feed is further ensured by the sterilization effect of the steam explosion pretreatment.
The optimal scheme of the invention is that Saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida oxime-producing yeast are fermented, and further, cellulase, protease, amylase and xylanase are added to perform enzymolysis on materials better, so that the protein content is higher, and in view of the cost of protein feed and the process operation, the mass-cost ratio of the fermented protein feed without enzyme is highest, thereby being convenient for large-scale production, and the production process of the invention can be flexibly applied according to the requirements of the protein feed on production scale.
Claims (1)
1. The method for producing the protein feed by recycling the waste vegetable seedlings or vines is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: removing impurities from dried and fresh mixed abandoned bitter gourd vegetable seedlings, crushing, putting the dried and fresh mixed abandoned bitter gourd vegetable seedlings into a steam explosion tank, introducing saturated steam, maintaining the pressure at 1.0MPa for 5min, introducing compressed air to continuously raise the pressure to 1.5 MPa, immediately rapidly releasing the pressure, and blasting the materials out for steam explosion treatment;
s2: at 45 ℃, adding a compound enzyme preparation accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the material after steam explosion for enzymolysis, wherein the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, amylase, xylanase and protease, and the mass ratio of the compound enzyme is that of the cellulase: xylanase: protease: amylase = 5:1:1:0.5;
s3: adding corn flour according to the mass ratio of the steam exploded material to the corn flour of 9:1 after enzymolysis, taking the mixed material as a substrate, adding commercial saccharomyces cerevisiae accounting for 8% of the substrate, then adding sucrose, urea, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate which are 2% and 1.0% by weight and 1.5% and 0.5% by weight into the substrate, adjusting the water content to 55%, fully and uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in an incubator under a natural pH value, fermenting for 3 days at 30 ℃, and drying and crushing at 50 ℃ to obtain the protein feed product.
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| CN1806658A (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2006-07-26 | 四川大学 | Method for preparing protein feedstuff addictive by utilizing edible fungus circulatory cultivation bran |
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| CN109007341A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-18 | 广西大学 | A kind of ruminant sugarcane tip leaf protein feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1806658A (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2006-07-26 | 四川大学 | Method for preparing protein feedstuff addictive by utilizing edible fungus circulatory cultivation bran |
| CN105010758A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 河南双成生物科技有限公司 | Method of producing protein feed by liquid-solid two-step fermentation method |
| CN109007341A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-18 | 广西大学 | A kind of ruminant sugarcane tip leaf protein feed and preparation method thereof |
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