CN113846484B - 一种具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂及采用其整理棉织物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂,属于纺织工业技术领域。本发明先将三聚氯氰与2,4‑二羟基二苯甲酮反应,得到中间体,再将中间体与2,2,6,6‑四甲基哌啶醇反应,合成了同时具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂。采用该整理剂整理棉织物,流程简单,整理后的棉织物具有优良的抗紫外线性能和抗菌性能,并且基本不影响整理后棉织物的服用性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂及采用其整理棉织物的方法,属于纺织工业技术领域。
背景技术
19世纪以来,随着空调和冰箱的逐渐普及,氟利昂的过度释放以及各种工业废气对地球大气层的污染,使得地球的臭氧层被破坏,原本应该被大气层所屏蔽掉的太阳紫外线,更多的辐射到了地球上。紫外线是太阳辐射出的频率高于蓝紫光的不可见光,紫外线的照射对人体有利有弊。适当的紫外线照射具有灭菌、杀毒、预防佝偻病等许多作用;但过多的紫外线辐射会造成人体巨大的健康损害,尤其是长时间让皮肤处于紫外辐射下,会使受到紫外辐射区域的皮肤出现灼、痛、晒黑、晒红的现象。同时,这种情况会使皮肤失去活性,皮肤的抵抗力也会因此降低,引发多种皮肤病,严重的甚至诱发皮肤癌。随着人们对于紫外线防护的意识越来越高,市面上各种各样的防晒品以及防晒服层出不穷,研究抗紫外性能的整理剂已经是当前的热点。
另一方面,自然界中存在很多可以威胁到人们安全的细菌和病毒,比如禽流感、SARS等,都给人们带来过很大的危害。人们在生活质量提升的同时也对织物的抗菌性能逐渐有了需求。现在市场上的织物大多只是具有一种功能性的织物,比如单一的抗菌性或者单一的抗紫外性能,要使织物获得抗紫外性能和抗菌性能,需要分别进行抗紫外整理和抗菌整理,流程复杂。因此,如能研发出一种同时具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂,对于纺织行业的发展具有很重大的意义。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于解决上述现有技术的不足,提供一种具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂,其具有优良的抗紫外线和抗菌功能。
本发明的另一目的还在于提供采用上述整理剂整理棉织物的方法,得到的整理后的棉织物兼具抗菌以及抗紫外性能。
技术方案
一种具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂,由如下步骤制备而成:
(1)将三聚氯氰加入到丙酮中,搅拌溶解后,得到三聚氯氰溶液,将三聚氯氰溶液的温度降至0-5℃,备用;
(2)将2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮加入到丙酮中,搅拌溶解后,得到2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)的2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮溶液与缚酸剂氢氧化钠溶液混合搅拌均匀,然后滴加到步骤(1)的三聚氯氰溶液中,滴加完成后,控制反应液的温度为0-5℃,并采用氢氧化钠溶液控制反应液的pH为7-8,反应5-8h,得到中间体;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的中间体升温至40℃,然后往中间体中滴入2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇溶液,滴加完成后,在pH7-8、40℃下反应3-6h,得到浑浊液;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的浑浊液进行减压抽滤,得到白色固体,依次采用丙酮、无水乙醇、蒸馏水洗涤后,真空干燥,得到具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂。
进一步,步骤(2)中,2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮与三聚氯氰的摩尔比为1:1。
进一步,步骤(4)中,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇与三聚氯氰的摩尔比为1:1。
进一步,步骤(5)中,所述真空干燥的温度为85℃,时间为22-28h。
本发明的反应原理:
采用上述具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂整理棉织物的方法:
将整理剂加入到DMF中,制备浓度为5-20g/L的整理剂溶液,将棉织物浸入到整理剂溶液中,浴比1:30,对织物进行二浸二轧,然后取出,100℃下干燥5min,接着在150℃下焙烘5min,取出后水洗,最后80℃下干燥5min,得到整理后的棉织物。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明以三聚氰氯为连接剂,将其依次与具备抗紫外线功能的基团以及抗菌功能的基团进行结合,合成了一种同时具有抗菌以及抗紫外线功能的整理剂。采用该整理剂整理的棉织物,具有优良的抗紫外线性能和抗菌性能,并且基本不影响整理后棉织物的服用性能。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂的XRD图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂,由如下步骤制备而成:
(1)将3.69g三聚氯氰(0.02mol)加入到30mL丙酮中,搅拌溶解后,得到三聚氯氰溶液,采用冰浴将三聚氯氰溶液的温度降至0-5℃,备用;
(2)将4.284g2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(0.02mol)加入到20mL丙酮中,搅拌溶解后,得到2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮溶液;
(3)量取0.80g(0.02mol)的氢氧化钠,加入30ml的蒸馏水使其溶解,得到氢氧化钠溶液(作为缚酸剂),将步骤(2)的2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮溶液与氢氧化钠溶液混合搅拌均匀,然后滴加到步骤(1)的三聚氯氰溶液中,滴加完成后,控制反应液的温度为0-5℃,并采用氢氧化钠溶液控制反应液的pH为7-8,反应6h,得到中间体;
(4)量取3.17g(0.02mol)2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇然后加入50ml的蒸馏水使其溶解,得到2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇溶液;将步骤(3)得到的中间体升温至40℃,然后往中间体中滴入2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇溶液,滴加完成后,在pH7-8、40℃下反应3h,得到浑浊液;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的浑浊液进行减压抽滤,得到白色固体,依次采用丙酮、无水乙醇、蒸馏水洗涤后,85℃下真空干燥24h,得到具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂,该整理剂的XRD图见图1。
由图1分析可知:3400cm-1处为芳环中羟基的伸缩振动峰,1666cm-1、1630cm-1、1553cm-1为芳环C-C骨架的特征吸收峰,3062cm-1处为四甲基哌啶醇上N-H键的伸缩振动吸收峰,2950~2765cm-1哌啶醇环上的-CH3和-CH2-的振动吸收峰,1553~1351cm-1为三嗪环与哌啶醇环的骨架振动交叠吸收峰,1351cm-1左右为三嗪环C-N的振动吸收峰,1249cm-1为芳香醚的C-O伸缩振动峰,1114~753cm-1为哌啶醇环在指纹区的C-H弯曲振动吸收峰,三嗪环在805cm-1处的吸收峰也在范围内。说明合成了目标产物。
测试不同浓度的整理剂溶液对整理后的棉织物性能的影响,方法如下:
将整理剂加入到DMF中,制备浓度为5g/L、10g/L、20g/L的整理剂溶液,将棉织物浸入到整理剂溶液中,浴比1:30,对织物进行二浸二轧,然后取出,100℃下干燥5min,接着在150℃下焙烘5min,取出后水洗,最后80℃下干燥5min,得到整理后的棉织物。将整理后的棉织物与原布样一起去做织物性能测试,每个样品测试4次,取平均值。
1)抗紫外性能测试
采用YG(B)912E型的纺织物防紫外性能测试仪器,对原布及整理后的棉织物分别在在280-400nm波长范围内进行抗紫外性能的测试与评价,测试结果根据国际标准的标准参考GB/T18830-2009。
测试结果见表1:
表1
由表1的测试结果可以看出,采用本发明实施例1的整理剂整理后的棉织物具有优良的抗紫外线性能,随着抗紫外线整理浓度的不断增加,被整理织物的紫外防护性能也逐渐增加。
2)抗菌性能测试
对整理后织物进行氯化滴定,在250ml烧杯中加入100ml蒸馏水和8g次氯酸钠溶液(有效氯5.2%),然后加入稀盐酸将次氯酸钠溶液的pH调成7,将整理后的棉织物(8cm×8cm)置于次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡50min,浸泡完后用蒸馏水冲洗织物表面,冲洗掉织物表面没有附着的活性氯,结束后将织物放在45℃的烘箱中40min烘干,得到氯化处理后的织物。另取一个干净的烧杯,在烧杯中加入0.1g的碘化钾和20ml蒸馏水配成溶液后,加入0.1g的氯化处理后的织物,加入织物后溶液的颜色偏黄,然后再加入一定量的由1g的淀粉和99g蒸馏水配制好的煮沸溶液,加入后溶液颜色呈现深蓝色,将烧杯密封20min,结束后用硫代硫酸钠溶液(由纯的硫代硫酸钠稀释1000倍制得)进行滴定,一边滴加一边不断地晃动烧杯,直至烧杯中的溶液变成无色,滴定结束后记录每一次滴定所消耗硫代硫酸钠的体积,平行滴定三次。
其中,V代表每次滴定时所消耗的硫代硫酸钠溶液的实际体积数(L),W代表每次滴定时所用的棉织物的实际质量(g)。
不同浓度整理剂整理的棉织物氯化滴定所用的硫代硫酸钠体积(V)及计算的活性氯含量结果如表2所示:
表2
由表2可以看出,整理后的棉织物均具有抗菌性。
3)拉伸性能测试
按照《纺织品织物拉伸性能第1部分断裂强力和断裂伸长率的测定(条样法)》这一规定采用GB/T3923.1—2013这一标准测试织物的断裂强力,测试结果见表3:
表3
由表3可以看出,整理后的棉织物的拉伸性能有所损失,幅度不大,不影响使用。
4)白度测试
白度的测试参照《纺织品色牢度试验相对白度的仪器评定方法》这一规定,用GB/T18401—2003作为标准进行测定。
测试结果见表4:
表4
由表4的测试结果可以看出,整理后织物的白度有所损失,不影响正常的使用。
Claims (5)
1.一种具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂,其特征在于,由如下步骤制备而成:
(1)将三聚氯氰加入到丙酮中,搅拌溶解后,得到三聚氯氰溶液,将三聚氯氰溶液的温度降至0-5℃,备用;
(2)将2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮加入到丙酮中,搅拌溶解后,得到2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)的2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮溶液与缚酸剂氢氧化钠溶液混合搅拌均匀,然后滴加到步骤(1)的三聚氯氰溶液中,滴加完成后,控制反应液的温度为0-5℃,并采用氢氧化钠溶液控制反应液的pH为7-8,反应5-8h,得到中间体;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的中间体升温至40℃,然后往中间体中滴入2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇溶液,滴加完成后,在pH7-8、40℃下反应3-6h,得到浑浊液;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的浑浊液进行减压抽滤,得到白色固体,依次采用丙酮、无水乙醇、蒸馏水洗涤后,真空干燥,得到具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮与三聚氯氰的摩尔比为1:1。
3.如权利要求1所述的具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇与三聚氯氰的摩尔比为1:1。
4.如权利要求1或2或3所述的具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述真空干燥的温度为85℃,时间为22-28h。
5.采用权利要求1至4任一项所述具有抗菌和抗紫外性能的整理剂整理棉织物的方法,其特征在于,将整理剂加入到DMF中,制备浓度为5-20g/L的整理剂溶液,将棉织物浸入到整理剂溶液中,浴比1:30,对织物进行二浸二轧,然后取出,100℃下干燥5min,接着在150℃下焙烘5min,取出后水洗,最后80℃下干燥5min,得到整理后的棉织物。
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