CN113846284A - Ion nitriding process for 25Cr2Ni3Mo material - Google Patents
Ion nitriding process for 25Cr2Ni3Mo material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113846284A CN113846284A CN202110995193.9A CN202110995193A CN113846284A CN 113846284 A CN113846284 A CN 113846284A CN 202110995193 A CN202110995193 A CN 202110995193A CN 113846284 A CN113846284 A CN 113846284A
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- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000573 anti-seizure effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
- C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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Abstract
The invention provides an ion nitriding process for 25Cr2Ni3Mo material, which is an ion nitriding process for a workpiece made of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material and mainly comprises the steps of normalizing treatment and quenching treatment, and then carrying out ion nitriding treatment. The ion nitriding process for the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material provided by the invention is simple in process, economical and efficient, and can improve the strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, surface seizure resistance, fatigue resistance and other performances of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material heat treatment, and particularly relates to an ion nitriding process for a 25Cr2Ni3Mo material.
Background
The ion nitriding process is a chemical treatment method of a material for improving the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of the metal, and improving the seizure resistance and the corrosion resistance, so that the material has the properties, and simultaneously, the toughness of the core is kept, and the material has higher mechanical properties.
At present, no ion nitriding process report of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material exists in the prior art, and the ion nitriding treatment is carried out on parts which require high strength, corrosion resistance and surface wear resistance, so that the wear resistance of workpieces can be obviously improved, the requirements of high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance can be met, and simultaneously, the bearing capacity and the fatigue life of the workpieces can also be obviously improved due to high core strength and high hardness. Therefore, it is necessary to design a simple and effective ion nitriding process applied to 25Cr2Ni3Mo material, so that the workpiece made of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material not only can satisfy high strength, corrosion resistance and high wear resistance, but also can greatly improve the anti-seizure capability and anti-fatigue life of the material surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a simple, economical and efficient ionic nitriding process for 25Cr2Ni3Mo material, so as to improve the strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, surface seizure resistance, fatigue resistance and other performances of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an ion nitriding process for 25Cr2Ni3Mo material, which comprises the following steps:
normalizing treatment: the normalizing temperature is 860-880 ℃, the heating speed is 70-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is (effective thickness/33-40 mm) h, and then air cooling is carried out;
quenching treatment: the quenching temperature is 840-850 ℃, the heating speed is 70-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is (effective thickness/33-40 mm) h, and then oil cooling is carried out;
ion nitriding treatment: the temperature of the ionic nitriding is 490-540 ℃, the time of the ionic nitriding heat preservation is 20-32 hours, the furnace cooling is reduced to 200 ℃, and then the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
Further, the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material is a forged piece and needs to be subjected to the normalizing treatment, and the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material is a plate or a bar without being subjected to the normalizing treatment.
Further, the ion nitriding treatment of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material comprises the following steps:
after the material is loaded into a furnace and vacuumized to below 15Pa, introducing ammonia gas into the furnace;
heating to 300 deg.C, stopping vacuumizing, introducing air to normal pressure, vacuumizing to below 15Pa, heating to 300 deg.C, introducing air to normal pressure, and repeating for 3-5 times;
heating to 500 deg.c and maintaining for 20-32 hr;
cooling to 200 deg.C, discharging and air cooling.
Further, the flow rate of the ammonia gas in the furnace is controlled to be 1.1-1.6L/min during the heat preservation, the voltage is controlled to be 650-880V, the current is controlled to be 12-20A, and the working air pressure is controlled to be 120-1000 Pa.
Further, the working air pressure is controlled to be 400-600 Pa.
Further, the equipment used for the ion nitriding treatment is a glow ion nitriding furnace.
Furthermore, the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material is cleaned before the ion nitriding treatment, so that the surface cleanliness of the material is ensured.
Furthermore, the chemical composition of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material meets the regulation of GB/T3077-2015 standard.
Further, the ion nitriding temperature is adjusted within the range of 490-540 ℃ according to the requirements on the strength and hardness of the workpiece core of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material.
Further, the holding time of the ion nitriding is selected within the range of 20-32 hours according to the requirements on the thickness of the workpiece nitriding layer of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material.
The invention provides an ion nitriding process for 25Cr2Ni3Mo material, which comprises the steps of taking a workpiece made of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material as a cathode and a furnace body as an anode in the ion nitriding process, and introducing ammonia gas after vacuumizing in the furnace to keep the furnace pressure at 400-600 Pa. Then, a high-voltage direct-current electric field is added, and the dilute gas containing ammonia is ionized in the high-voltage direct-current electric field for nitridation. According to the sputtering deposition theory, the sputtering effect is mainly used, and the nitrogen-hydrogen molecular ion effect and the neutral nitrogen atom effect also participate. Meanwhile, in the process of heating to 500 ℃, the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material ion nitriding process provided by the invention heats to 300 ℃, stops vacuumizing and air is introduced to normal pressure, vacuumizes to below 15Pa, heats to 300 ℃, and puts air to normal pressure, and circulates for 3-5 times, so that the passive film on the surface of the workpiece can be removed, and the uniformity of the deep layer of the workpiece can be improved.
The ion nitriding process for the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material has the following advantages:
1. the ion nitriding process is applied to the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material, and the bearing capacity and the fatigue life are greatly improved on the premise of meeting the requirements of high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the material. The process is applied to the actual production of gear parts made of 25Cr2Ni3Mo materials in batches, and the effect is expected.
2. The ion nitriding process provided by the invention can be used for ion nitriding of all high-strength, corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant 25Cr2Ni3Mo material parts, and is also suitable for ion nitriding of other workpieces made of 25Cr2Ni3Mo materials.
3. The ion nitriding process provided by the invention also has the characteristics of simple process, economy and high efficiency, and is worthy of popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ion nitriding process of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph showing the depth of an ion nitriding penetration layer of a sample prepared by an ion nitriding process of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material according to comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic photograph showing the depth of an ion nitriding penetration layer of a sample prepared by an ion nitriding process of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic photograph showing the depth of an ion nitriding penetration layer of a sample prepared by an ion nitriding process of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material provided by comparative example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic photograph showing the depth of an ion nitriding penetration layer of a sample prepared by an ion nitriding process of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material provided in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic photograph showing the depth of an ion nitriding penetration layer of a sample prepared by an ion nitriding process of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material provided by comparative example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a metallographic photograph showing the depth of an ion nitrided penetration layer of a sample prepared by an ion nitriding process of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material provided in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, in the ion nitriding process for 25Cr2Ni3Mo material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the normalizing process and the quenching process are performed first, and then the ion nitriding process is performed. The process is specific to a workpiece made of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material, and the process specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) normalizing treatment: the normalizing treatment is required if the workpiece of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material is a forged part, and is not required if the workpiece of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material is a plate or bar stock. Wherein the temperature of the normalizing treatment is 860-880 ℃, the heating speed is 70-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is (effective thickness/33-40 mm) h, and then the air cooling is carried out.
(2) Quenching treatment: the temperature of the quenching treatment is 840-850 ℃, the heating speed is 70-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is (effective thickness/33-40 mm) h, and then the oil cooling is carried out.
(3) Ion nitriding treatment: the temperature of the ion nitriding process is 490-540 ℃, the nitriding heat preservation time is 20-32 hours, the furnace cooling is carried out to 200 ℃, and then the furnace is taken out for air cooling. The ion nitriding treatment equipment adopts a glow ion nitriding furnace, and the ion nitriding treatment process comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, the surface of a workpiece is cleaned to ensure the surface cleanliness of the workpiece. Vacuumizing to below 15Pa after charging, introducing dried ammonia gas, starting to heat to 300 ℃, stopping vacuumizing, introducing air, vacuumizing to below 15Pa, heating to 300 ℃, introducing air, and circulating for 3-5 times (namely according to the process of vacuumizing, heating to 300 ℃, and introducing air to normal pressure); raising the temperature to 500 ℃ for heat preservation, controlling the flow of ammonia gas to be between 1.1 and 1.6L/min in the heat preservation stage, controlling the voltage to be between 650 and 880V, controlling the current to be between 12 and 20A, controlling the working pressure to be between 120 and 1000Pa (preferably, the working pressure is 400 and 600Pa), preserving the heat for 20 to 32 hours, cooling to 200 ℃, and taking out the product for air cooling.
Wherein the chemical composition of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material meets the regulation of GB/T3077-2015 standard.
Wherein, the ion nitriding temperature is adjusted within the range of 490-540 ℃ according to the requirements on the strength and hardness of the center of the workpiece.
Wherein, the ion nitriding heat preservation time is selected within the range of 20-32 hours according to the requirement on the thickness of the workpiece nitriding layer.
The ion nitriding process of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material provided by the present invention is specifically described by the following examples and comparative examples. The original state of the workpiece made of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material is a forged piece.
Comparative example 1
The chemical composition of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material used in the comparative example is as follows: 0.22 percent of C; si: 0.20 percent; mn: 0.32 percent; cr: 1.4 percent; ni: 3.3 percent; mo: 0.33 percent; s: 0.006%; p: 0.01 percent. Carrying out ion nitriding heat treatment on the alloy, comprising the following steps:
(1) normalizing, heating at a heating speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3 hours at 860 ℃, and then cooling in air;
(2) quenching treatment, heating at a heating speed of 70 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 3 hours, and then cooling with oil;
(3) tempering, keeping the temperature at 530 ℃ for 5 hours, and then cooling in air;
(4) ion nitriding treatment: keeping the temperature for 32 hours at 490 ℃ by ion nitriding, cooling the furnace to 200 ℃, and then discharging the furnace for air cooling. The metallographic photograph of the depth of the ionic nitriding penetrated layer of the sample obtained in this comparative example is shown in FIG. 2.
Example 1
The difference from comparative example 1 is that: the tempering treatment of the step (3) of the comparative example 1 is eliminated in the example 1 of the present invention, and the ion nitriding treatment is combined with the two processes of the tempering treatment of the step (3) and the ion nitriding treatment of the step (4). Namely:
(1) normalizing, heating at a heating speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3 hours at 860 ℃, and then cooling in air;
(2) quenching treatment, heating at a heating speed of 70 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 3 hours, and then cooling with oil;
(3) ion nitriding treatment: keeping the temperature for 32 hours at 490 ℃ by ion nitriding, cooling the furnace to 200 ℃, and then discharging the furnace for air cooling. The metallographic photograph of the depth of the ion nitrided penetration layer of the sample obtained in this example is shown in FIG. 3. The ion nitriding treatment comprises the following specific processes: cleaning a workpiece, vacuumizing to below 15Pa after furnace charging, introducing dried ammonia gas, starting to heat to 300 ℃, stopping vacuumizing, introducing air, vacuumizing to below 15Pa, heating to 300 ℃, introducing air, and circulating for 4 times (according to the process of vacuumizing, heating to 300 ℃ and introducing air to normal pressure); and (3) raising the temperature to 490 ℃ for heat preservation, controlling the flow of ammonia gas to be between 1.1L/min, controlling the voltage to be 720V, controlling the current to be 12A, controlling the working air pressure to be about 4000Pa, keeping the temperature for 32 hours, cooling to 200 ℃, discharging and air cooling.
The nitriding layer depth of the nitriding layer index after ion nitriding of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material in the test example 1 is basically the same as that of the comparative example 1, and the surface hardness and the core hardness are slightly higher than those of the comparative example 1, namely, the tempering treatment process is omitted in the embodiment, the performance of the nitriding layer is basically not affected, the tempering treatment process can be completely omitted, and the ion nitriding is directly used for replacing the tempering treatment process. The 25Cr2Ni3Mo material can obtain better effect when being nitrided at 490 ℃. The indexes of the ionic nitriding penetrated layer and the mechanical property are respectively shown in the table 1 and the table 2.
TABLE 1
| Numbering | Depth of nitrided layer (mm) | Surface Hardness (HV) | Core Hardness (HB) |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.50 | 965 | 367 |
| Example 1 | 0.52 | 985 | 371 |
TABLE 2
Comparative example 2
The chemical composition of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material used in the comparative example is as follows: 0.25 percent of C; si: 0.18 percent; mn: 0.29 percent; cr: 1.6 percent; ni: 3.0 percent; mo: 0.31 percent; s: 0.005 percent; p: 0.02 percent. Carrying out ion nitriding heat treatment on the alloy, comprising the following steps:
(1) normalizing, heating at a heating speed of 85 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 3.5 hours at 870 ℃, and then cooling in air;
(2) quenching treatment, heating at a heating speed of 85 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at 845 ℃ for 3.5 hours, and then carrying out oil cooling;
(3) tempering, keeping the temperature at 530 ℃ for 5 hours, and then cooling in air;
(4) ion nitriding treatment: keeping the temperature for 20 hours at 540 ℃, cooling the furnace to 200 ℃, and then discharging the furnace for air cooling. The metallographic photograph of the depth of the ionic nitriding penetrated layer of the sample obtained in this comparative example is shown in FIG. 4.
Example 2
The difference from comparative example 2 is that: the tempering treatment of the step (3) of the comparative example 2 is eliminated in the example 2 of the invention, and the ion nitriding treatment is combined by the two procedures of the tempering treatment of the step (3) and the ion nitriding treatment of the step (4). Namely:
(1) normalizing, heating at a heating speed of 85 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3.5 hours at 860 ℃, and then air-cooling;
(2) quenching treatment, heating at a heating speed of 85 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at 845 ℃ for 3.5 hours, and then carrying out oil cooling;
(3) ion nitriding treatment: keeping the temperature for 20 hours at 540 ℃, cooling the furnace to 200 ℃, and then discharging the furnace for air cooling. The metallographic photograph showing the depth of the ion nitrided penetration layer of the sample obtained in this example is shown in FIG. 5. The ion nitriding treatment comprises the following specific processes: cleaning a workpiece, vacuumizing to below 15Pa after furnace charging, introducing dried ammonia gas, starting to heat to 300 ℃, stopping vacuumizing, introducing air, vacuumizing to below 15Pa, heating to 300 ℃, introducing air, and circulating for 4 times (according to the process of vacuumizing, heating to 300 ℃ and introducing air to normal pressure); and (3) raising the temperature to 540 ℃ for heat preservation, controlling the flow of ammonia gas to be 1.6L/min, controlling the voltage to be 720V, controlling the current to be 20A, controlling the working air pressure to be about 600Pa, keeping the temperature for 20 hours, cooling to 200 ℃, discharging and air cooling.
The nitriding layer depth of the nitriding layer index after ion nitriding of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material in the test example 2 is basically the same as that of the comparative example 2, and the surface hardness and the core hardness are slightly higher than those of the comparative example 2, namely, the tempering treatment process is omitted in the embodiment, the performance of the nitriding layer is basically not affected, the tempering treatment process can be completely omitted, and the ion nitriding is directly used for replacing the tempering treatment process. The 25Cr2Ni3Mo material can obtain better effect when being nitrided at 540 ℃. The indexes of the ionic nitriding penetrated layer and the mechanical properties are shown in tables 3 and 4, respectively.
TABLE 3
| Numbering | Depth of nitrided layer (mm) | Surface Hardness (HV) | Core Hardness (HB) |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.51 | 970 | 363 |
| Example 1 | 0.52 | 980 | 371 |
TABLE 4
Comparative example 3
The chemical composition of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material used in the comparative example is as follows: 0.23 percent of C; si: 0.21 percent; mn: 0.33 percent; cr: 1.5 percent; ni: 3.4 percent; mo: 0.32 percent; s: 0.006%; p: 0.01 percent. Carrying out ion nitriding heat treatment on the alloy, comprising the following steps:
(1) normalizing, heating at a heating rate of 70 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at 880 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and then air cooling;
(2) quenching treatment, heating at a heating speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4 hours at 840 ℃, and then cooling with oil;
(3) tempering, keeping the temperature at 530 ℃ for 5 hours, and then cooling in air;
(4) ion nitriding treatment: keeping the temperature for 26 hours at 520 ℃ by ion nitriding, cooling the furnace to 200 ℃, and then discharging the furnace for air cooling. The metallographic photograph of the depth of the ionic nitriding penetrated layer of the sample obtained in this comparative example is shown in FIG. 6.
Example 3
The difference from comparative example 3 is that: in the inventive example 3, the tempering treatment of the step (3) of the comparative example 3 is eliminated, and the ion nitriding treatment is combined with the tempering treatment of the step (3) and the ion nitriding treatment of the step (4). Namely:
(1) normalizing, heating at a heating speed of 70 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at 880 ℃ for 2 to 5 hours, and then air cooling;
(2) quenching treatment, heating at a heating speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4 hours at 840 ℃, and then cooling with oil;
(3) ion nitriding treatment: keeping the temperature for 26 hours at 520 ℃ by ion nitriding, cooling the furnace to 200 ℃, and then discharging the furnace for air cooling. The metallographic photograph showing the depth of the ion nitrided penetration layer of the sample obtained in this example is shown in FIG. 7. The ion nitriding treatment comprises the following specific processes: cleaning a workpiece, vacuumizing to below 15Pa after furnace charging, introducing dried ammonia gas, starting to heat to 300 ℃, stopping vacuumizing, introducing air, vacuumizing to below 15Pa, heating to 300 ℃, introducing air, and circulating for 4 times (according to the process of vacuumizing, heating to 300 ℃ and introducing air to normal pressure); and (3) raising the temperature to 520 ℃ for heat preservation, controlling the flow of ammonia gas to be 1.4L/min, controlling the voltage to be 720V, controlling the current to be 16A, controlling the working air pressure to be about 500Pa, keeping the temperature for 26 hours, cooling to 200 ℃, discharging and air cooling.
The nitriding layer depth of the nitriding layer index after ion nitriding of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material in the test example 3 is basically the same as that of the comparative example 3, and the surface hardness and the core hardness are slightly higher than those of the comparative example 3, namely, the tempering treatment process is omitted in the embodiment, the performance of the nitriding layer is basically not affected, the tempering treatment process can be completely omitted, and the ion nitriding is directly used for replacing the tempering treatment process. The 25Cr2Ni3Mo material can obtain better effect when being nitrided at 520 ℃. The indexes of the ionic nitriding penetrated layer and the mechanical properties are shown in tables 5 and 6, respectively.
TABLE 5
| Numbering | Depth of nitrided layer (mm) | Surface Hardness (HV) | Core Hardness (HB) |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.49 | 981 | 372 |
| Example 1 | 0.51 | 988 | 375 |
TABLE 6
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ion nitriding process for 25Cr2Ni3Mo material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
normalizing treatment: the normalizing temperature is 860-880 ℃, the heating speed is 70-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is (effective thickness/33-40 mm) h, and then air cooling is carried out;
quenching treatment: the quenching temperature is 840-850 ℃, the heating speed is 70-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is (effective thickness/33-40 mm) h, and then oil cooling is carried out;
ion nitriding treatment: the temperature of the ionic nitriding is 490-540 ℃, the time of the ionic nitriding heat preservation is 20-32 hours, the furnace cooling is reduced to 200 ℃, and then the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the ion nitriding of 25Cr2Ni3Mo comprises: the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material is a forged piece and needs to be subjected to the normalizing treatment, and the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material is a plate or a bar without being subjected to the normalizing treatment.
3. The ion nitriding process of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material according to claim 1, wherein the ion nitriding treatment of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material comprises the following steps:
after the material is loaded into a furnace and vacuumized to below 15Pa, introducing ammonia gas into the furnace;
heating to 300 deg.C, stopping vacuumizing, introducing air to normal pressure, vacuumizing to below 15Pa, heating to 300 deg.C, adding air to normal pressure, and circulating for 3-5 times;
heating to 500 deg.c and maintaining for 20-32 hr;
cooling to 200 deg.C, discharging and air cooling.
4. The ion nitriding process of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material according to claim 3, wherein: the flow rate of ammonia gas in the furnace is controlled to be 1.1-1.6L/min during the heat preservation, the voltage is controlled to be 880V plus 650-.
5. The ion nitriding process of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material according to claim 4, wherein: the working air pressure is controlled to be 400-600 Pa.
6. The ion nitriding process of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material according to claim 5, wherein: the equipment used for the ion nitriding treatment is a glow ion nitriding furnace.
7. The process of claim 6, wherein the ion nitriding of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material is performed by: the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material is cleaned before ion nitriding treatment, so that the surface cleanliness of the material is ensured.
8. The process of claim 7, wherein the ion nitriding of 25Cr2Ni3Mo comprises: the chemical composition of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material meets the regulation of GB/T3077-2015 standard.
9. The process of claim 8, wherein the ion nitriding of 25Cr2Ni3Mo comprises: the ion nitriding temperature is adjusted within the range of 490-540 ℃ according to the requirements on the strength and hardness of the workpiece core of the 25Cr2Ni3Mo material.
10. The process of claim 8, wherein the ion nitriding of 25Cr2Ni3Mo comprises: the holding time of the ion nitriding is selected within the range of 20-32 hours according to the requirements on the thickness of the workpiece nitriding layer of 25Cr2Ni3Mo material.
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