CN113845436B - 邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法 - Google Patents
邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113845436B CN113845436B CN202111148565.0A CN202111148565A CN113845436B CN 113845436 B CN113845436 B CN 113845436B CN 202111148565 A CN202111148565 A CN 202111148565A CN 113845436 B CN113845436 B CN 113845436B
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
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- NRKYWOKHZRQRJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide Chemical class NC(=O)C(F)(F)F NRKYWOKHZRQRJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003399 estrone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003719 estrone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001977 isobenzofuranyl group Chemical group C=1(OC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000904 isoindolyl group Chemical group C=1(NC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- LVLZXBIWQHFREA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;phosphane Chemical compound [PH4+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 LVLZXBIWQHFREA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HOWHQWFXSLOJEF-MGZLOUMQSA-N systemin Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1N(C(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(C)C)CCC1 HOWHQWFXSLOJEF-MGZLOUMQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010050014 systemin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本公开提供了一种邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法,包括:提供一邻膦酚光催化剂所述邻膦酚光催化剂在硫醇、碱、甲酸盐和有机溶剂存在的条件下,通过光催化三氟甲基化合物(1a)R‑CF3和/或多氟烷基化合物(1b)R‑CF2CF3;所述三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与不饱和烯烃化合物(2)反应生成脱氟烷基化产物以及所述三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与氢供体反应直接生成脱氟质子化产物
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及化合物合成领域,尤其涉及一种邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法。
背景技术
目前,在光催化活化惰性键的各种方法中,直接选择C-F活化三氟甲基以生成相应的二氟甲基自由基是合成含二氟甲基化合物的一种思路转变,是制药工业中有价值的氟化中间体。低成本和现成的三氟乙酰胺,三氟乙酸酯和各种三氟甲基化(杂)芳烃使这种转变更加吸引人。而在这些转变中广泛使用的光催化剂是贵金属基聚吡啶配合物和π共轭有机染料,这种光催化剂具有成本高、对环境造成污染的缺点。因此,寻找一种成本低、对环境无污染的光催化剂就变得尤为重要了。阴离子酚盐因其在激发态有很强的还原电位,可以在广泛的底物中选择性地对三氟甲基化合物及多氟烷基化化合物诱导C-F官能化断裂,生成相应的含有二氟甲基化合物以及脱氟烷基化化合物。因而设计一种高效、廉价易得的邻膦酚光催化剂用于催化三氟甲基化合物及多氟烷基化合物就变得尤为重要。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本公开提供了一种邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法,以期至少部分地解决上述技术问题中的至少之一。
为了解决上述技术问题,本公开的技术方案如下:
一种光催化制备脱氟烷基化产物及脱氟质子化产物的方法,包括:提供一邻膦酚光催化剂
上述邻膦酚光催化剂在硫醇、碱、甲酸盐和有机溶剂存在的条件下,通过光催化三氟甲基化合物(1a)R-CF3和/或多氟烷基化合物(1b)R-CF2CF3;
上述三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与不饱和烯烃化合物(2)反应生成脱氟烷基化产物以及
上述三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后直接生成脱氟质子化产物
在其中一个实施例中,上述邻膦酚光催化剂包括:
将正丁基锂、无水乙醚、二苯基氯化磷与邻溴酚进行反应,生成上述邻膦酚光催化剂
在其中一个实施例中,上述邻膦酚光催化剂的基部分包括:芳基基团;
上述三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物中的R基部分包括:酰胺基、酯基、芳基或者杂芳基基团等;
上述不饱和烯烃化合物中的R’基部分包括烷基、环烷基基团等。
在其中一个实施例中,上述邻膦酚光催化剂包括以下至少之一:
4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1),2-甲基邻膦酚(PO2),2,4-二叔丁基邻膦酚(PO3),2,4-二甲基邻膦酚(PO4),邻膦酚(PO5),对膦酚(PO6),含二环己基膦酚(PO7),2-甲氧基邻膦酚(PO8),2,4-二甲氧基邻膦酚(PO9),2-异丙基邻膦酚(PO10),2,4-二异丙基邻膦酚(PO11)。
在其中一个实施例中,上述硫醇包括以下至少之一:
1-金刚烷硫醇,环己基硫醇,叔丁基硫醇,辛硫醇。
在其中一个实施例中,上述碱包括以下至少之一:
碳酸铯(Cs2CO3)、碳酸钾(K2CO3)、甲醇钾(CH3OK)、叔丁醇钾(t-BuOK)。
在其中一个实施例中,上述甲酸盐包括以下至少之一:
甲酸钠(HCO2Na)、甲酸钾(HCO2K)、甲酸锂(HCO2Li)、甲酸铯(HCO2Cs)。
在其中一个实施例中,上述有机溶剂包括以下至少之一:
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮。
在其中一个实施例中,上述邻膦酚的光催化剂的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的1%~10%;
上述硫醇的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的1%~30%;
上述碱的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的3%~30%;
上述甲酸盐的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的120%-400%;
上述有机溶剂的用量包括0.5mL~2mL。
在其中一个实施例中,用惰性气体作为保护气,室温下光催化脱氟化反应的条件包括:光催化反应的光波长范围包括390nm~467nm;反应时间包括12h~24h。
本公开的实施例在硫醇、碱、甲酸盐和有机溶剂存在的条件下,用邻膦酚光催化剂光催化三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与不饱和烯烃化合物进行反应生成脱氟烷基化产物,以及用邻膦酚光催化剂光催化三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与氢供体反应可以直接生成脱氟质子化产物。
从上述技术方案可以看出,本公开提供的一种邻膦酚光催化制备脱氟烷基化产物及脱氟质子化产物的方法具有以下至少之一有益效果:
(1)本公开提供了一种邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法,用邻膦酚作为光催化剂,在硫醇、碱、甲酸盐和有机溶剂存在的条件下,当光照射到邻膦酚催化剂的表面时,可以将其表面的电子激发形成具有强还原性的物质,可以将三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物还原,催化诱导三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物中的C-F断裂。经脱氟反应后的中间体与不饱和烯烃进行反应可以生成脱氟烷基化产物,以及脱氟反应后直接与氢供体反应生成脱氟质子化产物。
(2)邻位二苯基膦取代基对基态阴离子(PO-)的吸收发生红移。
(3)磷发挥重原子效应以促进系统间交叉进而进入三重态,并延长其寿命以与底物进行有效的光电子转移。
(4)磷与氧自由基的强相互作用不仅有利于阴离子激发态(*PO-)的光电子转移,而且通过P-O相互作用和空间位阻稳定了自由基双态(PO·)。
(5)本公开提供的邻膦酚光催化剂,其具有高效、廉价易得的优点。
(6)该光催化反应条件温和,操作简单,简化了处理手段,符合发展绿色环境友好化学的要求,底物范围以及官能团兼容性具有普适性和较高的化学选择性。并且该方法可以成功应用于对复杂分子进行官能团修饰的方案,用以优化部分药物分子的合成策略,提高合成效率,降低成本,具有工业合成价值与前景。
附图说明
图1是本公开实施例中一种邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法流程图;
图2是本公开实施例中邻膦酚光催化剂的结构图;
图3是本公开实施例中邻膦酚光催化剂催化三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物生成脱氟烷基化产物和/或脱氟质子化产物的机理图;
图4是本公开一实施例中2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-苯基己酰胺的1H NMR核磁共振图谱;
图5是本公开一实施例中2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-苯基己酰胺的13C NMR核磁共振图谱;
图6是本公开一实施例中2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-苯基己酰胺的19F NMR核磁共振图谱。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并参照附图,对本公开的一种邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法作进一步的详细说明。
本公开的实施例提供了一种光催化制备脱氟烷基化产物及脱氟质子化产物的方法,包括:提供一邻膦酚光催化剂;邻膦酚光催化剂在硫醇、碱、甲酸盐和有机溶剂存在的条件下,通过光催化三氟甲基化合物(1a)R-CF3和/或多氟烷基化合物(1b)R-CF2CF3;三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与不饱和烯烃化合物(2)反应生成脱氟烷基化产物以及三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后直接生成脱氟质子化产物
图1是本公开实施例中邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法的流程图。
如图1所示,光催化制备脱氟烷基化产物的方法包括:步骤S101~S103。
在步骤S101,提供一邻膦酚光催化剂。
在步骤S102,邻膦酚光催化剂在硫醇、碱、甲酸盐和有机溶剂存在的条件下,通过光催化三氟甲基化合物(1a)R-CF3和/或多氟烷基化合物(1b)R-CF2CF3。
在步骤S103,三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与不饱和烯烃化合物(2)反应生成脱氟烷基化产物以及三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与氢供体反应直接生成脱氟质子化产物
根据本公开的实施例,上述步骤S101~S103可以依次进行。本公开提供了一种高效、廉价易得的邻膦酚光催化剂,用邻膦酚作为光催化剂,在硫醇、碱、甲酸盐和有机溶剂存在的条件下,利用邻膦酚盐在激发态具有较强的还原电位的特性,可以将三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物中的C-F官能化,将F-脱掉。经脱氟反应后,与不饱和烯烃化合物进行反应生成脱氟烷基化产物,以及与氢供体反应直接生成脱氟质子化产物。
根据本公开的实施例,在步骤S101中,利用正丁基锂、无水乙醚、二苯基氯化磷与邻溴酚进行反应,可以获得邻膦酚光催化剂
根据本公开的实施例,邻膦酚光催化剂的基部分包括:芳基基团,可选为:苯基、取代的苯基、杂芳基或者取代的杂芳基等。
根据本公开的实施例,取代的苯基或取代的杂芳基可以是被以下取代基取代的苯基或杂芳基:卤素、酰基、氨基、酯基、烷氧基羰基、烷氧基、芳基烷氧基等;也可以是含有苯基的氨基酸结构;以及含有苯基的其他生物分子如雌酮,雄酮结构等。
根据本公开的实施例,在步骤S102中,三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物中的R基部分包括:酰胺基、酯基、芳基或者杂芳基基团等,其中,酰胺基可选为苯酰胺基、芳环酰胺基、杂芳环酰胺基等;酯基可选为含苯环酯基、苯基、取代的苯基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基中非三氟甲基部分。
根据本公开的实施例,其中,取代的苯基或杂芳基可以选自被烷基取代的苯基或杂芳基。
根据本公开的实施例,R为含有N-芳基酰胺基取代基中的非三氟甲基部分,可选为,芳基邻、对位被甲基(Me)、甲氧基(MeO)、苯基(Ph)这类具有电子中性和富电子的N-芳基酰胺基取代基中的非三氟甲基部分取代,芳基对位被酯基(COOEt)、氰基(CN)这类具有强缺电子的N-芳基酰胺基取代基中的非三氟甲基部分取代,芳基为吡啶环等杂环一类的N-芳基酰胺基取代基中的非三氟甲基部分等。
根据本公开的实施例,R为含有酯基、含苯环酯基中的非三氟甲基部分。可选为,酯基中含有苯基(Ph)、环己基(Cy)、杂芳基中的非三氟甲基部分。
根据本公开的实施例,邻膦酚光催化剂包括以下至少之一:4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1),2-甲基邻膦酚(PO2),2,4-二叔丁基邻膦酚(PO3),2,4-二甲基邻膦酚(PO4),邻膦酚(PO5),对膦酚(PO6),含二环己基膦酚(PO7),2-甲氧基邻膦酚(PO8),2,4-二甲氧基邻膦酚(PO9),2-异丙基邻膦酚(PO10),2,4-二异丙基邻膦酚(PO11),其中,邻膦酚光催化剂的结构如图2所示。
根据本公开的实施例,邻膦酚的光催化剂的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的1%~10%,可选为1%、3%、5%、8%、10%等。
根据本公开的实施例,硫醇包括以下至少之一:1-金刚烷硫醇,环己基硫醇,叔丁基硫醇,辛硫醇。
根据本公开的实施例,硫醇的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的1%~30%,可选为1%、2%、3%、5%、6%、8%、9%、10%、15%、16%、18%、20%、22%、24%、25%、28%、30%等。
根据本公开的实施例,碱包括以下至少之一:碳酸铯(Cs2CO3)、碳酸钾(K2CO3)、甲醇钾(CH3OK)、叔丁醇钾(t-BuOK)。
根据本公开的实施例,碱的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的3%~30%,可选为3%、6%、9%、10%、15%、20%、22%、25%、28%、30%等。
根据本公开的实施例,甲酸盐包括以下至少之一:甲酸钠(HCO2Na)、甲酸钾(HCO2K)、甲酸锂(HCO2Li)、甲酸铯(HCO2Cs)。
根据本公开的实施例,甲酸盐的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的120%-400%,可选为120%、180%、200%、250%、280%、300%、320%、350%、380%、400%等。
根据本公开的实施例,有机溶剂包括以下至少之一:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮。
根据本公开的实施例,有机溶剂的用量包括0.5mL~2mL,可选为0.5、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.5、1.8、2mL等。
根据本公开的实施例,在步骤S103中,不饱和烯烃化合物中R’基部分包括烷基、环烷基基团等,其中,R’可选为脂肪族烷基、环烷基、烯丙基类烷基或乙烯基烷基基团等。
根据本公开的实施例,脂肪族烷基是指含有长链碳或短链碳等各种不规则烷基取代基,其中包括但不限于环己基,酯基,甲氧基等。环烷基是指以β-蒎烯为代表的各类内烯烃和环烯烃取代基等;烯丙基类烷基是指仅有三个C的但包含各种官能团的烷基取代基,其中包括但不限于羰基,酯基,酰胺基,氰基,硼原子,硅原子,磷原子等;乙烯基烷基是指仅有两个C的但包含各种官能团的烷基取代基,其中包括但不限于酰基,酯基,酰胺基,硝基,三氟甲基,硼原子,硅原子,杂芳基等。
根据本公开的实施例,含不饱和键化合物为环烯烃,例如β-蒎烯。
根据本公开的实施例,用惰性气体作为保护气,室温下光催化脱氟化反应的条件包括:惰性气体可选为氩气、氮气等;室温的反应温度可选为22、25、28、30℃等;光催化反应的光波长范围包括390nm~467nm,光波长可选为390、427、440、456、467nm等;反应时间包括12h~24h,反应时间可选为12、15、18、20、22、24h等。
通过本公开的实施例,用邻膦酚作为光催化剂,在硫醇、碱、甲酸盐和有机溶剂存在的条件下,光照射到邻膦酚催化剂的表面,可以将其表面的电子激发形成具有强还原性的物质,可以将三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物还原,催化诱导化合物中的C-F断裂。经脱氟反应后的中间体与不饱和烯烃进行反应可以生成脱氟烷基化产物,以及脱氟反应后与氢供体反应直接生成脱氟质子化产物。
图3是本公开实施例中邻膦酚光催化剂催化三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物生成脱氟烷基化产物和/或脱氟质子化产物的机理图。
如图3所示,首先邻膦酚盐与碱发生反应失去一个质子,变成PO-。光照射到PO-上时,将PO-激发成*PO-,*PO-具有很强的还原性,与底物三氟甲基(A-CF3)进行反应时可以夺得其上的电子形成[A-F3]·-(I),将底物三氟甲基还原,诱导C-F键杂化裂解,形成二氟甲基自由基(II)。二氟甲基自由基(II)可以被氢供体经氢转移过程(HAT)还原生成加氢脱氟质子化产物(A-CF2H);或者与不饱和烯烃反应生成新的烷基自由基(Ⅲ),在硫醇中,经HAT过程可以将新生成的烷基自由基(Ⅲ)还原,生成脱氟烷基化产物。因体系中有甲酸盐的存在,硫醇可以夺取甲酸盐中的质子获得再生,同时甲酸盐因为失去质子变成CO2·-,这是一种强还原剂(E1/2CO2/CO2 ·-=-2.2V vs SCE)可以将PO·还原,完成PO-氧化还原循环。
根据邻膦酚光催化剂光催化三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物,经脱氟反应后与不饱和烯烃化合物进行反应生成脱氟烷基化产物,以及三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与氢供体反应直接生成脱氟质子化产物的机理,本公开提供一些实施例和相应的反应通式进行说明,反应通式如表1所示。
在一些实施例中,用4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)作为光催化剂在碳酸铯(Cs2CO3)、1-金刚烷硫醇、甲酸钾(HCO2K)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺存在的条件下,用氩气气氛作为保护气,在25℃,427nm光照下反应24小时。利用光催化三氟乙酰胺化合物进行脱氟反应,脱氟反应后的中间体与不饱和烯烃类化合物进行加成反应生成对应的脱氟烷基化产物,其中N-芳基酰胺基中的芳基为苯基,R为羟基乙基(如表1中反应式1)。其他在表3及相关实例中表述的可行的条件均在本公开保护范围之内。
在一些实施例中,用4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)作为光催化剂在碳酸铯(Cs2CO3)、1-金刚烷硫醇、甲酸钾(HCO2K)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺存在的条件下,用氩气气氛作为保护气,在25℃,427nm光照下反应24小时。利用光催化三氟乙酸酯化合物进行脱氟反应,脱氟反应后的中间体与不饱和烯烃类化合物反应生成对应的脱氟烷基化产物,其中R’为乙基,R为羟基乙基(如表1中反应式2)。其他在表3及相关实例中表述的可行的条件均在本公开保护范围之内。
在一些实施例中,用4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)作为光催化剂在碳酸铯(Cs2CO3)、1-金刚烷硫醇、甲酸锂(HCO2Li)和二甲亚砜存在的条件下,用氩气气氛作为保护气,在25℃,427nm光照下反应24小时。利用光催化三氟甲基(杂)芳烃化合物进行脱氟反应,脱氟反应后的中间体与不饱和烯烃类化合物反应生成对应的脱氟烷基化产物,其中Ar(Het)包括各类苯基、取代苯基、杂芳基以及取代杂芳基,R为羟基乙基(如表1中反应式3)。其他在表3及相关实例中表述的可行的条件均在本公开保护范围之内。
在一些实施例中,用4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)作为光催化剂在碳酸铯(Cs2CO3)、1-金刚烷硫醇、甲酸钾(HCO2K)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺存在的条件下,用氩气气氛作为保护气,在25℃,427nm光照下反应24小时。利用光催化五氟乙酰胺化合物进行脱氟反应,脱氟反应后的中间体与不饱和烯烃类化合物反应生成对应的脱氟烷基化产物,其中N-芳基酰胺基中的芳基为苯基,R为羟基乙基(如表1中反应式4)。其他在表3及相关实例中表述的可行的条件均在本公开保护范围之内。
在一些实施例中,用4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)作为光催化剂在碳酸铯(Cs2CO3)、1-金刚烷硫醇、甲酸铯(HCO2Cs)和二甲亚砜存在的条件下,用氩气气氛作为保护气,在25℃,427nm光照下反应24小时。利用光催化三氟乙酰胺化合物进行脱氟反应,脱氟反应后的中间体与氢供体进行反应直接生成对应的脱氟质子化产物,其中N-芳基酰胺基中的芳基为苯基(如表1中反应式5)。其他在表3及相关实例中表述的可行的条件均在本公开保护范围之内。
在一些实施例中,用4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)作为光催化剂在碳酸铯(Cs2CO3)、1-金刚烷硫醇、甲酸铯(HCO2Cs)和二甲亚砜存在的条件下,用氩气气氛作为保护气,在25℃,427nm光照下反应24小时。利用光催化三氟甲基(杂)芳烃化合物进行脱氟反应,脱氟反应后的中间体与氢供体进行反应直接生成对应的脱氟质子化产物,其中Ar(Het)包括各类苯基、取代苯基、杂芳基以及取代杂芳基(如表1中反应式6)。其他在表3及相关实例中表述的可行的条件均在本公开保护范围之内。
在一些实施例中,用4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)作为光催化剂在碳酸铯(Cs2CO3)、1-金刚烷硫醇、甲酸铯(HCO2Cs)和二甲亚砜存在的条件下,用氩气气氛作为保护气,在25℃,427nm光照下反应24小时。利用光催化五氟乙酰胺化合物进行脱氟反应,脱氟反应后的中间体与氢供体进行反应直接生成对应的脱氟质子化产物,其中N-芳基酰胺基中的芳基为苯基(如表1中反应式7)。其他在表3及相关实例中表述的可行的条件均在本公开保护范围之内。
表1
在本公开中,可以基于以下一般程序的方法,使用邻膦酚光催化剂制备脱氟烷基化产物及脱氟质子化产物。
一般程序A:
先将室温下为固体的反应底物三氟乙酰胺基化合物(1.0当量,0.2mmol),烯烃(1.5当量,0.3mmol),PO1(10mol%,7.0mg),碳酸铯(30mol%,20mg),1-金刚烷硫醇(20mol%,8.0mg),和甲酸钾(2.0当量,0.4mmol)置于装有磁力搅拌子的透明Schlenk管(北京欣维尔玻璃仪器有限公司,F891910反应管,容量10mL,磨口14/20)中(如果三氟乙酰胺或烯烃为液体,则需要在后续的步骤中在氩气气氛下通过微量进样针加入)。接着,将Schlenk管抽真空并充入氩气(三次)。在氩气气氛下,用注射器向这些固体中加入无水N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA,2.0mL),将反应混合物在紫色LED(427nm,距离灯泡3.0cm)的照射下室温搅拌反应24h(使用IKA磁力搅拌器,RCT基本型,搅拌速度500转/分钟)。最后,将反应后的混合物用饱和氯化钠溶液淬灭并用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×10mL),合并有机层并进行真空浓缩(瑞士步琦有限公司,BUCHI旋转蒸发仪R-3)。所获得的产物经硅胶快速柱色谱层析分离(北京欣维尔玻璃仪器有限公司,C383040C具砂板存储球层析柱,35/20,有效长度:500mm),从而得到产物。
一般程序B:
先将室温下为固体的反应底物三氟乙酸酯基化合物(2.0当量,0.4mmol),烯烃(1.0当量,0.2mmol),PO1(10mol%,7.0mg),碳酸铯(30mol%,20mg),1-金刚烷硫醇(20mol%,8.0mg),和甲酸钾(2.0当量,0.4mmol)置于装有磁力搅拌子的透明Schlenk管(北京欣维尔玻璃仪器有限公司,F891910反应管,容量10mL,磨口14/20)中(如果三氟乙酸酯或烯烃为液体,则需要在后续的步骤中在氩气气氛下通过微量进样针加入)。接着,将Schlenk管抽真空并充入氩气(三次)。在氩气气氛下,通过注射器向这些固体中加入无水N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA,2.0mL),将反应混合物在紫色LED(427nm,距离灯泡3.0cm)的照射下室温搅拌反应24h(使用IKA磁力搅拌器,RCT基本型,搅拌速度500转/分钟)。最后,将混合物用饱和氯化钠溶液淬灭并用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×10mL),合并有机层并进行真空浓缩(瑞士步琦有限公司,BUCHI旋转蒸发仪R-3)。所获得的产物经硅胶快速柱色谱层析分离(北京欣维尔玻璃仪器有限公司,C383040C具砂板存储球层析柱,35/20,有效长度:500mm),从而得到产物。
一般程序C:
先将室温下为固体的反应底物三氟甲基(杂)芳烃基化合物(1.0当量,0.2mmol),烯烃(1.5当量,0.3mmol),PO1(10mol%,7.0mg),碳酸铯(30mol%,20mg),1-金刚烷硫醇(20mol%,8.0mg),和甲酸锂(2.0当量,0.4mmol)置于装有磁力搅拌子的透明Schlenk管(北京欣维尔玻璃仪器有限公司,F891910反应管,容量10mL,磨口14/20)中(如果三氟甲基(杂)芳烃或烯烃为液体,则需要在后续的步骤中在氩气气氛下通过微量进样针加入)。接着,将Schlenk管抽真空并充入氩气(三次)。在氩气气氛下,通过注射器向这些固体中加入无水二甲亚砜(DMSO,2.0mL),将反应混合物在紫色LED(427nm,距离灯泡3.0cm)的照射下室温搅拌反应24h(使用IKA磁力搅拌器,RCT基本型,搅拌速度500转/分钟)。最后,将混合物用饱和氯化钠溶液淬灭并用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×10mL),合并有机层并真空浓缩(瑞士步琦有限公司,BUCHI旋转蒸发仪R-3)。所获得的产物经硅胶快速柱色谱层析分离(北京欣维尔玻璃仪器有限公司,C383040C具砂板存储球层析柱,35/20,有效长度:500mm),从而得到产物。
一般程序D:
先将室温下为固体的反应底物三氟乙酰胺基化合物(1.0当量,0.2mmol),PO1(10mol%,7.0mg),碳酸铯(30mol%,20mg),1-金刚烷硫醇(20mol%,8.0mg),和甲酸铯(1.2当量,0.24mmol)置于装有磁力搅拌子的透明Schlenk管(北京欣维尔玻璃仪器有限公司,F891910反应管,容量10mL,磨口14/20)中(如果三氟乙酰胺为液体,则需要在后续的步骤中在氩气气氛下通过微量进样针加入)。接着,将Schlenk管抽真空并充入氩气(三次)。在氩气气氛下,通过注射器向这些固体中加入无水二甲亚砜(DMSO,2.0mL)。将反应混合物在紫色LED(427nm,距离灯泡3.0cm)的照射下室温搅拌反应24h(使用IKA磁力搅拌器,RCT基本型,搅拌速度500转/分钟)。最后,将混合物用饱和氯化钠溶液淬灭并用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×10mL),合并有机层并真空浓缩(瑞士步琦有限公司,BUCHI旋转蒸发仪R-3)。所获得的产物经硅胶快速柱色谱层析分离(北京欣维尔玻璃仪器有限公司,C383040C具砂板存储球层析柱,35/20,有效长度:500mm),从而得到产物。
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例和生成物产率表2,对本公开的邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1、制备2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-苯基己酰胺
采用一般程序A,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例1中得到的2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-苯基己酰胺进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析。
图4是2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-苯基己酰胺的1H NMR核磁共振图谱。
如图4所示,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.09(s,1H),7.57(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.19(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),3.66(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.32–2.12(m,2H),1.73(s,1H),1.62(dd,J=7.0,4.0Hz,4H)。
图5是2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-苯基己酰胺的13C NMR核磁共振图谱。
如图5所示,13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ162.2(t,J=28.6Hz),136.0,129.2,125.6,120.3,118.3(t,J=253.6Hz),62.2,33.5(t,J=23.2Hz),31.9,18.1(t,J=4.5Hz)。
图6是2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-苯基己酰胺的19F NMR核磁共振图谱。
如图6所示,19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-105.5(2F,td,J=17.3,2.9Hz)。
实施例2、制备2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)己酰胺
采用一般程序A,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例2中得到的2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)己酰胺进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.38(s,1H),7.59(d,J=9.1Hz,2H),6.93(d,J=9.1Hz,2H),3.74(s,3H),3.41(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.25–2.04(m,2H),1.52–1.42(m,4H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ162.3(t,J=29.4Hz),156.8,130.7,122.9,118.7(t,J=251.5Hz),114.3,60.7,55.7,34.1(t,J=23.3Hz),32.2,18.6(t,J=4.3Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,DMSO)δ-104.1(2F,t,J=17.3Hz).
实施例3、制备2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-(吡啶-3-基)己酰胺
采用一般程序A,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例3中得到的2,2-二氟-6-羟基-N-(吡啶-3-基)己酰胺进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.69(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),8.43(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.34(dd,J=8.4,4.7Hz,1H),3.68(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.31–2.15(m,2H),1.95(s,1H),1.68–1.60(m,4H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ162.8(t,J=29.5Hz),146.4,141.6,133.3,127.9,123.9,118.1(t,J=253.4Hz),62.1,33.5(t,J=23.1Hz),31.9,18.1(t,J=4.4Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-105.2(2F,td,J=17.3,2.5Hz).
实施例4、制备4-环己基-2,2-二氟-N-苯基丁酰胺
采用一般程序A,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例4中得到的4-环己基-2,2-二氟-N-苯基丁酰胺进行1HNMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.98(s,1H),7.58(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.19(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),2.35–2.05(m,2H),1.68(t,J=17.5Hz,5H),1.46–1.33(m,2H),1.31–1.08(m,4H),0.90(dd,J=21.8,11.0Hz,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ162.2(t,J=28.9Hz),136.1,129.2,125.5,120.2,118.7(t,J=253.4Hz),37.2,33.0,31.4(t,J=23.1Hz),28.8(t,J=3.8Hz),26.5,26.2.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-105.6(2F,td,J=17.4,2.6Hz).
实施例5、制备2,2-二氟-3-(4-异丙基环己-1-烯-1-基)-N-苯基丙二酰胺
采用一般程序A,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例5中得到的2,2-二氟-3-(4-异丙基环己-1-烯-1-基)-N-苯基丙二酰胺进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(s,1H),7.54(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.36(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.19(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.67(s,1H),2.82(t,J=17.5Hz,2H),2.23–1.94(m,3H),1.87–1.67(m,2H),1.44(dd,J=13.1,6.5Hz,1H),1.35–1.08(m,2H),0.85(t,J=6.5Hz,6H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ162.2(t,J=28.6Hz),136.0,129.2,129.1,128.1,125.6,120.3,117.7(t,J=249.5Hz),41.7(t,J=23.2Hz),39.5,32.1,30.1,29.2,26.4,19.9,19.6.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-103.9(2F,td,J=17.4,2.5Hz).
实施例6、制备叔丁基(4,4-二氟-5-氧代-5-(苯基氨基)戊基)氨基甲酸酯
采用一般程序A,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例6中得到的叔丁基(4,4-二氟-5-氧代-5-(苯基氨基)戊基)氨基甲酸酯进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.11(s,1H),7.58(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.36(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.19(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.66(s,1H),3.19(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),2.50–2.02(m,2H),1.84–1.67(m,2H),1.43(s,9H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ161.9(t,J=28.7Hz),155.9,136.0,129.2,125.6,120.3,118.1(t,J=253.7Hz),79.4,39.8,31.1(t,J=23.7Hz),28.4,22.5.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-105.3(2F,t,J=17.2Hz).
实施例7、制备4,4-二氟-5-氧代-5-(苯基氨基)乙酸戊酯
采用一般程序A,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例7中得到的4,4-二氟-5-氧代-5-(苯基氨基)乙酸戊酯进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.05(s,1H),7.58(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.20(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.13(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.39–2.19(m,2H),2.06(s,3H),1.98–1.82(m,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.0,161.8(t,J=28.7Hz),136.0,129.3,125.7,120.2,118.0(t,J=253.9Hz),63.2,30.6(t,J=23.7Hz),21.1(t,J=4.4Hz),20.9.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-105.7(2F,td,J=17.4,2.6Hz).
实施例8、制备2,2-二氟-N-苯基-4-(三甲基甲硅烷基)丁酰胺
采用一般程序A,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例8中得到的2,2-二氟-N-苯基-4-(三甲基甲硅烷基)丁酰胺进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.03(s,1H),7.59(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.19(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),2.30–2.02(m,2H),0.78–0.56(m,2H),0.03(s,9H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ164.6(t,J=28.9Hz),138.4,131.5,127.8,122.5,121.2(t,J=253.7Hz),31.0(t,J=24.3Hz),10.0(t,J=2.7Hz),0.3.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-107.1(2F,td,J=16.7,2.9Hz).
实施例9、制备4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)-2,2-二氟-正苯基丁酰胺
采用一般程序A,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例9中得到的4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)-2,2-二氟-正苯基丁酰胺进行分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.88(s,1H),7.54–7.41(m,6H),7.36(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.26–7.17(m,3H),4.69–4.60(m,2H),2.91–2.61(m,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ161.2(t,J=27.9Hz),139.8,135.7,129.2,125.9,125.8,123.2,120.5,120.3,119.4,117.2(t,J=254.8Hz),108.4,36.2(t,J=5.8Hz),32.6(t,J=23.0Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-104.64(2F,td,J=17.0,2.8Hz).
实施例10、制备4-(二甲基(苯基)甲硅烷基)-2,2-二氟丁酸乙酯
采用一般程序B,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例10中得到的4-(二甲基(苯基)甲硅烷基)-2,2-二氟丁酸乙酯进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46–7.36(m,2H),7.35–7.22(m,3H),4.22(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.10–1.74(m,2H),1.25(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.94–0.70(m,2H),0.23(s,6H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ164.4(t,J=33.2Hz),137.6,133.5,129.3,127.9,116.8(t,J=250.2Hz),62.7,29.4(t,J=24.3Hz),13.9,6.9(t,J=2.6Hz),-3.4.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-107.4(2F,t,J=16.1Hz).
实施例11、制备4-(苄氧基)-2,2-二氟丁酸乙酯
采用一般程序B,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例11中得到的4-(苄氧基)-2,2-二氟丁酸乙酯进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.38–7.26(m,5H),4.46(s,2H),4.17(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.65(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.52–2.33(m,2H),1.24(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ164.0(t,J=34.1Hz),137.7,128.4,127.8,127.7,115.3(t,J=249.9Hz),73.3,63.4(t,J=6.3Hz),62.7,35.3(t,J=23.6Hz),13.8.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-105.7(2F,t,J=15.3Hz).
实施例12、制备1,1-二乙基5-(4-甲氧基乙基)5,5-二氟戊烷-1,1,5-三羧酸盐
采用一般程序B,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例12中得到的1,1-二乙基5-(4-甲氧基乙基)5,5-二氟戊烷-1,1,5-三羧酸盐进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.14(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),4.42(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),4.20(q,J=7.0Hz,3H),3.79(s,3H),3.29(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),2.95(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.12–1.96(m,2H),1.91(dd,J=15.8,7.7Hz,2H),1.60–1.37(m,2H),1.27(t,J=7.1Hz,6H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ169.0,164.0(t,J=33.0Hz),158.5,129.9,128.7,115.9(t,J=250.4Hz),114.0,67.2,61.5,55.2,51.6,34.1(t,J=23.4Hz),33.9,28.0,19.4(t,J=4.4Hz),14.0.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-106.0(2F,t,J=16.7Hz).
实施例13、制备4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)-2,2-二氟丁酸乙酯
采用一般程序B,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例13中得到的4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)-2,2-二氟丁酸乙酯进行1HNMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.47(ddd,J=8.2,7.1,1.2Hz,2H),7.38(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.31–7.20(m,2H),4.65–4.39(m,2H),4.12(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.83–2.43(m,2H),1.20(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ163.4(t,J=32.3Hz),139.8,126.0,123.2,120.6,119.5,115.1(t,J=250.9Hz),108.4,63.2,35.9(t,J=5.9Hz),33.3(t,J=23.2Hz),13.8.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-105.9(2F,t,J=16.6Hz).
实施例14、制备5,5-二氟-5-(2-(三氟甲基)苯基)戊烷-1-醇
采用一般程序C,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例14中得到的制备5,5-二氟-5-(2-(三氟甲基)苯基)戊烷-1-醇进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.78(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.67–7.56(m,2H),7.52(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.63(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.40–2.10(m,2H),1.96(s,1H),1.70–1.55(m,4H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ136.1(t,J=28.0Hz),131.8,129.8,128.1(t,J=9.1Hz),127.5(q,J=6.5Hz),127.1(q,J=32.4Hz),123.6(q,J=273.5Hz),122.5(t,J=244.8Hz),62.5,39.3(t,J=26.9Hz),32.1,18.7(t,J=3.6Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-57.7(3F,t,J=16.1Hz),-93.3(2F,h,J=16.5Hz).
实施例15、制备5,5-二氟-5-(3-(羟甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)戊烷-1-醇
采用一般程序C,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例15中得到的5,5-二氟-5-(3-(羟甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)戊烷-1-醇进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.67(s,1H),7.64(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),4.77(s,2H),3.60(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.26(s,1H),2.21–2.07(m,2H),1.62–1.40(m,4H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ142.6,138.6(t,J=27.5Hz),131.3(q,J=32.7Hz),126.6(t,J=5.6Hz),124.9–124.5(m),123.7(q,J=272.5Hz),122.4(t,J=243.0Hz),121.3–120.7(m),63.9,62.3,38.6(t,J=27.1Hz),31.9,18.9(t,J=4.1Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-62.7(3F,s),-95.7(2F,t,J=16.3Hz).
实施例16、制备5,5-二氟-5-(3-甲氧基苯基)戊烷-1-醇
采用一般程序C,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例16中得到的5,5-二氟-5-(3-甲氧基苯基)戊烷-1-醇进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.04(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.99(s,1H),6.95(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.83(s,3H),3.63(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.45–1.98(m,2H),1.65–1.56(m,2H),1.55–1.47(m,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.6,138.8(t,J=26.6Hz),129.6,122.8(t,J=242.5Hz),117.2(t,J=6.2Hz),115.1,110.7(t,J=6.6Hz),62.5,55.4,38.8(t,J=27.6Hz),32.2,19.0(t,J=4.2Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-95.4(2F,t,J=16.1Hz).
实施例17、制备5-(6-氨基吡啶-2-基)-5,5-二氟戊烷-1-醇
采用一般程序C,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例17中得到的5-(6-氨基吡啶-2-基)-5,5-二氟戊烷-1-醇进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.53(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.71(s,2H),3.64(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.26(ddd,J=24.3,16.4,7.9Hz,2H),1.60(dt,J=12.9,6.6Hz,2H),1.56–1.45(m,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ158.2,152.9(t,J=28.9Hz),138.6,121.6(t,J=241.7Hz),109.9,109.8(t,J=5.3Hz),62.3,35.9(t,J=25.7Hz),32.0,18.6(t,J=4.3Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-99.7(3F,t,J=16.6Hz).
实施例18、制备5,5-二氟-5-(2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)戊烷-1-醇
采用一般程序C,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例18中得到的5,5-二氟-5-(2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)戊烷-1-醇进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.94(dd,J=7.4,5.0Hz,1H),4.00(s,3H),3.63(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.51–2.11(m,2H),1.66–1.55(m,2H),1.51–1.37(m,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.5(t,J=4.4Hz),148.3,135.8(t,J=8.3Hz),121.8(t,J=227.8Hz),119.4(t,J=27.4Hz),116.4,62.5,53.7,36.1(t,J=26.1Hz),32.2,19.0(t,J=4.2Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-96.3(3F,t,J=16.9Hz).
实施例19、制备3-(1,1-二氟-3-(三甲基甲硅烷基)丙基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯胺
采用一般程序C,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例19中得到的3-(1,1-二氟-3-(三甲基甲硅烷基)丙基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯胺进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.21(s,1H),7.07(s,1H),7.05(s,1H),3.96(s,2H),2.31–1.94(m,2H),0.87–0.57(m,2H),0.15(s,9H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ149.2,141.9(t,J=27.4Hz),134.3(q,J=32.3Hz),126.1(q,J=272.4Hz),125.2(t,J=243.1Hz),116.9(t,J=5.9Hz),114.7–114.5(m),114.4–113.6(m),36.0(t,J=28.5Hz),10.9(t,J=2.6Hz),0.2.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-62.9(3F,s),-97.9(2F,t,J=15.9Hz).
实施例20、制备6-(3-氨基-5-(三氨基-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-6,6-二氟己酸酯
采用一般程序C,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例20中得到的6-(3-氨基-5-(三氨基-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-6,6-二氟己酸酯进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.04(s,1H),6.92(s,1H),6.90(s,1H),4.11(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.63(s,2H),2.30(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.21–1.98(m,2H),1.66(dt,J=15.2,7.5Hz,2H),1.53–1.40(m,2H),1.24(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ173.4,146.9,139.5(t,J=27.2Hz),132.1(q,J=32.4Hz),123.8(q,J=272.5Hz),122.2(t,J=243.0Hz),114.4(t,J=5.9Hz),112.8–112.2(m),111.9–111.2(m),60.4,38.6(t,J=27.4Hz),34.0,24.5,21.9(t,J=4.0Hz),14.2.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-63.0(3F,s),-96.2(2F,t,J=16.3Hz).
实施例21、制备3-(1,1-二氟-3-((四羟基-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)丙基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯胺
采用一般程序C,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例21中得到的3-(1,1-二氟-3-((四羟基-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)丙基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯胺进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.09(s,1H),6.92(s,2H),4.52(s,1H),3.88(dt,J=10.2,6.9Hz,1H),3.77(ddd,J=11.1,7.9,3.0Hz,1H),3.59–3.37(m,2H),2.56–2.35(m,2H),1.77–1.39(m,6H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ147.0,139.2(t,J=26.8Hz),132.0(q,J=32.4Hz),123.8(q,J=272.5Hz),121.5(t,J=243.1Hz),114.3(t,J=6.3Hz),112.5–112.3(m),112.1–111.3(m),98.9,62.2,61.3(t,J=5.2Hz),39.0(t,J=27.1Hz),30.5,25.3,19.3.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-63.0(3F,s),-94.5(2F,dt,J=39.8,16.1Hz).
实施例22、制备2-氟-6-羟基-N-苯基-2-(三氟甲基)己酰胺
采用一般程序A,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例22中得到的2-氟-6-羟基-N-苯基-2-(三氟甲基)己酰胺进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.16(s,1H),7.57(dd,J=8.5,0.9Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.20(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),3.65(td,J=6.1,1.6Hz,2H),2.53–2.27(m,1H),2.16–2.00(m,1H),1.70(s,1H),1.68–1.57(m,3H),1.56–1.41(m,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ162.1(d,J=19.5Hz),136.0,129.2,125.7,121.8(qd,J=285.1,28.5Hz),120.5,95.9(dq,J=202.7,30.3Hz),61.8,31.9,30.12(d,J=20.2Hz),18.5(d,J=2.5Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-78.3(3F,d,J=6.7Hz),-169.8–-183.4(1F,m).
实施例23、制备2,2-二氟-正苯基乙酰胺
采用一般程序D,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例23中得到的2,2-二氟-正苯基乙酰胺进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.92(s,1H),7.57(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.38(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.21(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.02(t,J=54.4Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.3(t,J=24.1Hz),135.7,129.3,125.9,120.3,108.6(t,J=254.2Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-125.5(2F,dd,J=54.4,2.3Hz).
实施例24、制备2,2-二氟-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺
采用一般程序D,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例24中得到的2,2-二氟-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺进行1HNMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.93(s,1H),7.47(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),6.89(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),6.01(t,J=54.4Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.2(t,J=24.4Hz),157.4,128.6,122.2,114.4,108.6(t,J=253.8Hz),55.5.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-125.5(2F,dd,J=54.4,2.0Hz).
实施例25、制备2,2-二氟-N-(O-甲苯甲苯)乙酰胺
采用一般程序D,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例25中得到的2,2-二氟-N-(O-甲苯甲苯)乙酰胺进行1HNMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.83(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.77(s,1H),7.25–7.20(m,2H),7.16(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.04(t,J=54.4Hz,1H),2.29(s,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.4(t,J=24.2Hz),133.4,130.8,129.5,127.1,126.5,122.9,108.8(t,J=254.0Hz),17.4.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-125.4(2F,dd,J=54.4,2.5Hz).
实施例26、制备N-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-y1)-2,2-二氟乙酰胺
采用一般程序D,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例26中得到的制备N-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-y1)-2,2-二氟乙酰胺进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.85(s,1H),7.83–7.75(m,2H),7.73–7.62(m,4H),7.52–7.42(m,2H),7.41–7.31(m,1H),6.42(t,J=53.7Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ165.8(t,J=25.9Hz),144.6,141.9,141.6,134.2,132.5,132.3,131.6,125.8,113.6(t,J=246.6Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,DMSO)δ-125.1(2F,d,J=53.6Hz).
实施例27、制备2-(3-(二氟甲基)苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二恶英醇醇
采用一般程序D,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例27中得到的S-环己基4-乙酰苯硫代酯进行1H NMR、13C NMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.02–7.86(m,2H),7.61(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.64(t,J=56.4Hz,1H),1.35(s,12H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ137.1(t,J=1.8Hz),133.7(t,J=22.3Hz),131.9(t,J=6.1Hz),128.2,128.2,128.1,114.9(t,J=238.6Hz),84.2,24.9.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-110.3(2F,d,J=56.4Hz).
实施例28、制备2,3,3,3-四氟氟-苯基丙酰胺
采用一般程序D,产率见表2。
利用核磁共振对实施例28中得到的2,3,3,3-四氟氟-苯基丙酰胺进行1H NMR、13CNMR和19F NMR分析,得到结果:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.96(s,1H),7.57(dd,J=8.5,1.0Hz,2H),7.39(dd,J=10.8,5.1Hz,2H),7.22(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.21(dq,J=46.5,6.4Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ158.9(d,J=18.2Hz),135.7,129.3,125.9,120.5(qd,J=280.4,25.7Hz),120.3,85.7(dq,J=205.4,34.0Hz).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-75.7(3F,d,J=11.0Hz),-200.1(1F,q,J=11.0Hz).
表2
实施例29:条件优化过程:
表3
通过对表3中反应条件的优化,利用光催化剂催化三氟甲基化合物经脱氟反应后与不饱和烯烃类化合物进行反应生成对应的脱氟烷基化产物的结果可知:
(1)当选用4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)作为光催化剂时,2-甲基邻膦酚(PO2)催化剂的催化效果与4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)的催化效果相当,而选用PO3、PO4、PO5、PO6、PO7作为光催化剂催化反应的效果都要要低于4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)和2-甲基邻膦酚(PO2)作为光催化剂时的催化效果。
(2)选用4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)作为光催化剂,在碳酸铯、1-金刚烷硫醇、甲酸钾或甲酸锂存在的条件下,用427nm光照射混合物,光催化效果要优于用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,二甲亚砜等作为有机溶剂的催化反应。
表4
通过对表4中反应条件的优化,利用光催化剂催化三氟甲基化合物经脱氟反应后与氢供体进行反应直接生成对应的脱氟质子化产物的结果可知:
(1)选用4-叔丁基邻膦酚(PO1)作为光催化剂,只有在甲酸铯、二甲亚砜(DMSO)存在的条件下,用427nm光照射混合物进行催化反应,才具有较高的催化反应效果。
(2)增大甲酸铯的浓度,脱氟质子化产物的产率并没有提升,反而下降。
上述结合具体的实施例对本公开的实施方案进行了描述,但是应当理解,这些描述只是为了进一步说明本公开的特征和优点,而不是对本公开权利要求的限制,本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非另行定义,文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外,任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本公开的方法中。文中所述的优选实施方法与材料仅作示范之用。
需要说明的是,本文中使用的烷基、烷氧基等可以含有1至12个碳原子,例如1至6个碳原子。本文中使用的环烷基、环烯烃可以含有3至10个碳原子,例如3至6个碳原子。
本文中使用的术语“杂芳基”表示5至12个环原子的一价芳族杂环单环或二环三环体系,其包含1、2、3或4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,其余的环原子是碳。杂芳基的实例包括吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、三唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、四唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、吡唑基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、氮杂基、二氮杂基、异噁唑基、苯并呋喃基、异噻唑基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、异苯并呋喃基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并异噻唑基、苯并噁二唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并三唑基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基和苯并噻吩基。
本文中使用的术语“卤素”表示氟、氯、溴或碘。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本公开的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,应理解的是,以上所述仅为本公开的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本公开,凡在本公开的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种邻膦酚光催化剂用于脱氟烷基化及脱氟质子化反应的方法,包括:
提供一邻膦酚光催化剂
所述邻膦酚光催化剂在硫醇、碱、甲酸盐和有机溶剂存在的条件下,用惰性气体作为保护气,通过光催化三氟甲基化合物(1a)和/或多氟烷基化合物(1b),其中光催化反应的光波长范围为390nm~440nm;
所述三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与不饱和烯烃化合物(2)反应生成脱氟烷基化产物以及
所述三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物经脱氟反应后与氢供体反应直接生成脱氟质子化产物
其中,所述三氟甲基化合物和/或多氟烷基化合物中的R基部分选自:酰胺基、酯基、芳基或者杂芳基基团,所述不饱和烯烃化合物中的R’基部分选自烷基、环烷基基团;
所述邻膦酚光催化剂选自4-叔丁基邻膦酚,2-甲基邻膦酚,2,4-二叔丁基邻膦酚,2,4-二甲基邻膦酚,邻膦酚,2-甲氧基邻膦酚,2,4-二甲氧基邻膦酚,2-异丙基邻膦酚,2,4-二异丙基邻膦酚中至少一种;
所述硫醇选自1-金刚烷硫醇,环己基硫醇,叔丁基硫醇,辛硫醇中至少一种;
碱选自碳酸铯、碳酸钾、甲醇钾、叔丁醇钾中至少一种;
所述甲酸盐选自甲酸钠、甲酸钾、甲酸锂、甲酸铯中至少一种;
所述有机溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述邻膦酚的光催化剂的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的1%~10%;
所述硫醇的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的1%~30%;
所述碱的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的3%~30%;
所述甲酸盐的摩尔用量为反应底物的摩尔用量的120%-400%;
所述有机溶剂的用量为0.5mL~2mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,室温下光催化脱氟化反应的反应时间为12h~24h。
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