CN113836753A - Temporary blocking steering ball throwing optimization method between cluster perforation gaps in horizontal well section - Google Patents
Temporary blocking steering ball throwing optimization method between cluster perforation gaps in horizontal well section Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temporary blocking steering pitching optimization method between clustered perforation gaps in a horizontal well section, which relates to the technical field of well completion of oil and gas wells, wherein a crack extension coupling model considering temporary blocking between the gaps in the section is established, an optimization range of ball pitching time and ball pitching quantity of temporary blocking ball design is set, a crack uniformity index after each group of pressure in the optimization range is solved through a model, the highest value of the crack uniformity index and the ball pitching time and the ball pitching quantity corresponding to the highest value of the crack uniformity index are taken as a temporary blocking steering pitching optimization result, the method has reliable principle and strong universality, can make up the defects of the prior art, and provides a powerful basis for the design before pressure of a fracturing engineer; the invention provides a horizontal well section internal clustering perforation gap temporary blocking steering pitching optimization method, which is characterized in that a crack expansion coupling model considering the temporary blocking between the gaps in the sections is established, the uniformity index of the decompressed cracks is solved, the pitching time and the pitching number of the temporary blocking balls are optimized, and the optimal pitching time and the optimal pitching number are determined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well completion, in particular to a temporary blocking, steering and ball throwing optimization method for clustering perforation gaps in a horizontal well section.
Background
For complex formation oil and gas reservoir exploitation engineering, in order to ensure the economic benefit of industrial oil and gas exploitation, a hydraulic fracturing production increase measure is inevitably required. For the implementation of the horizontal well subsection multi-cluster fracturing technology, the uniform hydraulic fracture form is more beneficial to improving the oil and gas yield, and the subsection clustering perforation inter-gap temporary plugging steering technology is a well completion means for effectively improving the uniformity degree of the hydraulic fractures.
The central idea of the temporary blocking and steering technology for the perforation gaps in the cluster in the sections is that a certain amount of soluble temporary blocking balls are put into a well, the perforation holes at the positions of the fracture gaps with large liquid inlet amount are temporarily blocked, fracturing liquid is forced to be steered to other cracks with small liquid inlet amount and even zero liquid inlet amount, and the liquid inlet amount of each crack is balanced, so that the aim of improving the uniformity degree of the final crack form is fulfilled. In order to maximize the technical benefit, a proper ball throwing time needs to be selected, and a proper amount of temporary plugging balls need to be thrown into the shaft.
At present, on-site engineers in oil and gas reservoir exploitation engineering mostly use crack extension simulation software during pre-pressure simulation, engineering experience is combined to design the ball throwing time and the number of temporary plugging balls, and the method is carried out according to personnel experience and has great uncertainty. The inventor finds that the crack propagation simulation software commonly used in the industry does not have the function of considering the temporary blocking and steering technology among the segmental clustering perforation holes. The prior art only provides a method for qualitatively evaluating the feasibility of the temporary plugging technology, and the selection of temporary plugging parameters still depends on engineering experience. The technology also proposes that crack propagation simulation software is combined with temporary blocking steering among the segmental clustering perforation cracks through an indirect means to obtain a series of regular recognitions about the optimal pitching quantity and pitching time, but the general applicability of the method is weak, and the method cannot be directly popularized and applied in a large range.
Based on the existing problems, the application provides a temporary blocking steering pitching optimization method for cluster perforation gaps in a horizontal well section.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a temporary blocking steering pitching optimization method for cluster perforation gaps in a horizontal well section.
The invention provides a temporary blocking steering ball throwing optimization method among cluster perforation gaps in a horizontal well section, which comprises the following steps:
collecting information of a target well, the information of the target well comprising: logging information and interpretation information of a designed well section of a target well, fracturing construction guidance information of the designed well section of the target well, perforation completion information of the designed well section of the target well and temporary plugging ball property information of pre-temporary plugging construction;
establishing a fracture expansion coupling model considering temporary plugging among the internal fractures of the section according to the information of the target well;
setting an optimization range of temporary ball blocking design ball throwing time and ball throwing quantity, sequentially inputting the ball throwing time and the ball throwing quantity in the optimization range to a crack propagation coupling model considering temporary blocking among the inner seams of the section, and outputting a plurality of crack uniformity indexes after pressure grouping by the crack propagation coupling model considering temporary blocking among the inner seams of the section;
and taking the highest value of the crack uniformity index, and taking the pitching moment and the pitching quantity corresponding to the highest value of the crack uniformity index as the temporary blocking steering pitching optimization result.
Further, the step of establishing a fracture propagation coupling model considering intra-segment inter-fracture temporary plugging according to the information of the target well comprises:
according to the information of the target well, a fracture propagation simulation control equation set is established, and the fracture propagation simulation control equation set comprises the following steps: a normal discontinuous displacement equation, a tangential discontinuous displacement equation, a crack unit substance balance equation, an in-crack/seam/shaft on-way pressure drop equation and a flow distribution equation;
carrying out discrete unit processing on discontinuous displacement of fractures in a stratum, inputting measurement data of the fractures into a fracture expansion simulation control equation set, and obtaining a control output result, wherein the control output result comprises: normal discontinuous displacement, tangential discontinuous displacement, pressure, fracturing fluid flow and casing flowing pressure at each perforation cluster of each fracture unit at a certain moment;
and on the basis of any one of the total number of the fracture discrete units at any moment, establishing a fracture expansion coupling model considering temporary plugging among the fractures in the section at any moment through a stress field solution calculated by a fracture expansion simulation control equation at the previous moment and a control output result.
Further, still include:
setting initial conditions and boundary conditions for the fracture propagation simulation control equation set;
the initial conditions include: the length of each crack is 0, the deflection angle of the crack is 0 degree, and in the simulation process of fracturing expansion, the crack in the stratum is regarded as discrete unit treatment with discontinuous displacement;
the boundary conditions include: the width of each crack tip unit is 0, the pressure of each crack tip unit is the closing pressure of the crack wall surface, the flow rate of each crack tip unit is 0, and the flow rate of each crack opening unit is equal to the inlet liquid flow rate of the crack opening.
Further, still include:
the crack extension coupling model considering the temporary plugging among the joints in the section is a coupled crack extension steering judgment model and a temporary plugging ball stress analysis and setting standard model, and the step of coupling the crack extension steering judgment model and the temporary plugging ball stress analysis and setting standard model comprises the following steps:
establishing a crack propagation steering judgment model;
inputting a control output result of the crack extension simulation control equation into the crack extension steering judgment model, judging whether the crack extension steering judgment model needs to be extended continuously or not, if so, adding a new discrete unit corresponding to the crack tip, calculating the tip deflection angle of the new discrete unit, and finishing the simulation of the crack extension process until all cracks are judged not to be extended continuously;
establishing a temporary plugging ball stress analysis and setting standard model;
inputting the simulation result of the crack propagation process into a stress analysis and setting standard model of the temporary plugging ball, judging whether the temporary plugging ball is successfully set in the perforation hole, and if the stress reaches the setting standard, successfully setting the temporary plugging ball;
and completing the coupling of the crack propagation steering judgment model and the stress analysis of the temporary plugging ball with the setting standard model.
Further, still include:
judging whether the attraction force of the perforation hole to the temporary plugging ball is larger than the maximum inertia force of the temporary plugging ball in the casing, if so, setting the temporary plugging ball in the perforation hole;
after the temporary plugging ball is set and sealed in the perforation hole, whether the ball holding force of the perforation hole to the temporary plugging ball is larger than the separation force of the temporary plugging ball caused by the flowing of fracturing fluid in the casing is judged, and if the ball holding force is larger than the separation force, the temporary plugging ball is stably set and sealed and cannot be separated.
Further, the step of setting the optimization ranges of the temporary plugging ball design ball throwing opportunity and the ball throwing quantity, and solving each group of post-pressure crack uniformity indexes in the optimization ranges by considering the crack propagation coupling model of temporary plugging among the intra-segment cracks comprises the following steps:
setting an optimization range of temporary blocking ball design ball throwing time and ball throwing quantity, and selecting a group of ball throwing time and ball throwing quantity in the optimization range;
according to the selected pitching moment and the pitching quantity, calculating the crack expansion process according to a crack expansion simulation control equation from the beginning of formal fracturing to the selected pitching moment, and simulating the crack expansion process before temporary plugging;
according to a calculation result output by the crack expansion process before temporary plugging at the selected ball throwing time, the ball holding force, the disengaging force, the attraction force and the self maximum inertia force of each temporary plugging ball in sequence before passing through each perforation cluster are obtained;
sequentially judging whether each temporary plugging ball reaches a setting standard or not, and re-determining the number of perforation holes of the target well section according to the temporary plugging balls after the setting judgment is finished;
after temporary plugging, substituting the number of the new holes of each shower into a crack propagation simulation control equation to continue calculation;
and calculating the fracture volume uniformity index after the fracture propagation simulation is finished.
Further, the step of obtaining the ball holding force, the separating force, the attractive force and the self maximum inertia force of each temporary plugging ball sequentially before passing through each perforation cluster according to the calculation result output by the crack expansion process before temporary plugging at the selected ball throwing time comprises the following steps:
when the crack propagation simulation calculation is carried out to the time of putting the ball, the ball holding force, the disengaging force, the attraction force and the maximum inertia force of each temporary plugging ball are obtained according to well completion parameters, fracturing fluid properties, the properties of the temporary plugging balls and the liquid inlet flow at each perforation cluster obtained by calculation according to the simulation process at the previous moment.
Further, the step of sequentially judging whether each temporary plugging ball reaches the setting standard when the ball throwing time is reached, and re-determining the number of the perforation holes of the target well section according to the temporary plugging ball judged by the setting, comprises the following steps:
judging whether the first temporary plugging ball reaches a setting standard or not according to the ball holding force, the disengaging force, the attraction force and the maximum inertia force of the first temporary plugging ball when the first temporary plugging ball sequentially passes through the perforation clusters;
if the temporary plugging ball reaches the setting standard, judging that the temporary plugging ball is successfully set in the perforation cluster, and reducing the number of the holes corresponding to the perforation cluster by one; if the temporary plugging ball does not reach the setting standard, the temporary plugging ball flows to the next perforation cluster to continue judging;
if all perforation clusters do not meet the setting standard, judging that the temporary plugging ball is set on the perforation of one perforation cluster closest to the lower outlet of the shaft in the horizontal well section, and reducing the number of the perforations of the corresponding cluster by one;
after the first temporary plugging ball completes setting judgment and the number of the perforation holes of the target well section is determined again, the crack expansion state is recalculated through a crack expansion simulation control equation to obtain new flow distribution of each cluster;
calculating the setting judgment of the second temporary plugging ball before passing through each perforation cluster in sequence;
and circulating the processes until the setting judgment of the last temporary plugging ball is finished, and redistributing the number of the perforation holes of each cluster.
Further, the information of the target well includes:
logging information and interpretation information of the designed well section of the target well: the method comprises the steps of obtaining rock mechanical property related profile curve data and three-dimensional ground stress profile curve data;
and (3) target well design section fracturing construction guidance information: the method comprises the steps of obtaining fracturing fluid displacement data, pre-fracturing scale data, fracturing fluid performance data and proppant performance data;
and (3) the information of the perforation completion of the designed well section of the target well: the method comprises the steps of obtaining section length data, shaft diameter data, perforation cluster number data, perforation cluster position data, hole distribution number data of each cluster, hole depth data, aperture data and a phase angle;
temporary plugging ball property information of temporary plugging construction in advance: the method comprises the steps of obtaining temporary plugging ball size data and temporary plugging ball quality data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
the invention provides a method for optimizing temporary blocking steering pitching among perforation seams of cluster perforation in a horizontal well section, which comprises the steps of collecting logging information and interpretation information of a designed well section of a target well, fracturing construction guidance information of the designed well section of the target well, perforation completion information of the designed well section of the target well and property information of temporary blocking balls of pre-temporary blocking construction, establishing a crack extension coupling model considering temporary blocking among seams in the section according to the logging information and the interpretation information, setting an optimization range of ball throwing time and ball throwing quantity of temporary blocking design, solving a crack uniformity index of each group of pressed cracks in the optimization range by using the crack extension coupling model considering temporary blocking among seams in the section, and taking the ball throwing time and the ball throwing quantity corresponding to the highest value of the crack uniformity index as an optimization result of temporary blocking steering pitching.
The invention provides a temporary blocking steering pitching optimization method between clustering perforation gaps in a horizontal well section, which determines the optimal pitching opportunity and pitching quantity by establishing a mathematical model, has reliable principle and strong universality, can make up the defects of the prior art, and provides a powerful basis for the design before fracturing engineers; the invention provides a horizontal well section internal clustering perforation gap temporary blocking steering pitching optimization method, which is characterized in that a crack expansion coupling model considering the temporary blocking between the gaps in the sections is established, the uniformity index of the decompressed cracks is solved, the pitching time and the pitching number of the temporary blocking balls are optimized, and the optimal pitching time and the optimal pitching number are determined.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an estimation flowchart of a method for optimizing steering and pitching by clustering perforation gaps in a horizontal well section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a force analysis of a temporary plugging ball in a casing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a force analysis of a temporary plugging ball seated in a perforation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a temporary plugging ball setting judgment simulation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating an exemplary fracture propagation pattern of a fracture propagation coupling model considering intra-segment inter-fracture bridging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a target well section of a certain horizontal well according to the optimized pitching timing and pitching number provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the invention provides a temporary blocking steering ball throwing optimization method among shower perforation gaps in a horizontal well section, which comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting information of a target well, the information of the target well comprising: logging information and interpretation information of a designed well section of a target well, fracturing construction guidance information of the designed well section of the target well, perforation completion information of the designed well section of the target well and temporary plugging ball property information of pre-temporary plugging construction;
logging information and interpretation information of the designed well section of the target well: the method comprises the steps of obtaining rock mechanical property related profile curve data and three-dimensional ground stress profile curve data;
and (3) target well design section fracturing construction guidance information: the method comprises the steps of obtaining fracturing fluid displacement data, pre-fracturing scale data, fracturing fluid performance data and proppant performance data;
and (3) the information of the perforation completion of the designed well section of the target well: the method comprises the steps of obtaining section length data, shaft diameter data, perforation cluster number data, perforation cluster position data, hole distribution number data of each cluster, hole depth data, aperture data and a phase angle;
temporary plugging ball property information of temporary plugging construction in advance: the method comprises the steps of obtaining temporary plugging ball size data and temporary plugging ball quality data.
S2: the method comprises the following steps of establishing a fracture expansion coupling model considering temporary plugging among fractures in a section according to information of a target well, wherein the steps comprise:
s201: according to the information of the target well, a fracture propagation simulation control equation set is established, and the fracture propagation simulation control equation set comprises the following steps: a normal discontinuous displacement equation, a tangential discontinuous displacement equation, a crack unit substance balance equation, an in-crack/seam/shaft on-way pressure drop equation and a flow distribution equation;
setting initial conditions and boundary conditions for the fracture propagation simulation control equation set;
the initial conditions include: the length of each crack is 0, the deflection angle of the crack is 0 degree, and in the simulation process of fracturing expansion, the crack in the stratum is regarded as discrete unit treatment with discontinuous displacement;
the boundary conditions include: the width of each crack tip unit is 0, the pressure of each crack tip unit is the closing pressure of the crack wall surface, the flow rate of each crack tip unit is 0, and the flow rate of each crack opening unit is equal to the inlet liquid flow rate of the crack opening.
S202: carrying out discrete unit processing on discontinuous displacement of fractures in a stratum, inputting measurement data of the fractures into a fracture expansion simulation control equation set, and obtaining a control output result, wherein the control output result comprises: normal discontinuous displacement, tangential discontinuous displacement, pressure, fracturing fluid flow and casing flowing pressure at each perforation cluster of each fracture unit at a certain moment;
s203: and at any moment, on the basis of any one of the total number of the crack discrete units, establishing a crack propagation coupling model considering temporary plugging between the cracks in the section at any moment through a stress field solution calculated by a crack propagation simulation control equation at the previous moment and a control output result.
S3: setting the optimization range of the temporary blocking ball design pitching opportunity and pitching quantity, sequentially inputting the pitching opportunity and pitching quantity in the optimization range to the crack propagation coupling model considering temporary blocking between the inner joints of the section, and outputting a plurality of group pressure back crack uniformity indexes by the crack propagation coupling model considering temporary blocking between the inner joints of the section, wherein the steps comprise:
s301: setting an optimization range of temporary blocking ball design ball throwing time and ball throwing quantity, and selecting a group of ball throwing time and ball throwing quantity in the optimization range;
s302: according to the selected pitching moment and the pitching quantity, calculating the crack expansion process according to a crack expansion simulation control equation from the beginning of formal fracturing to the selected pitching moment, and simulating the crack expansion process before temporary plugging;
s303: according to a calculation result output by the crack expansion process before temporary plugging at the selected ball throwing time, the ball holding force, the disengaging force, the attraction force and the self maximum inertia force of each temporary plugging ball in sequence before passing through each perforation cluster are obtained; when the crack propagation simulation calculation is carried out to the time of putting a ball, the ball holding force, the disengaging force, the attraction force and the maximum inertia force of each temporary plugging ball are obtained according to well completion parameters, fracturing fluid properties, the properties of the temporary plugging balls and the liquid inlet flow at each perforation cluster obtained by calculation according to the simulation process at the previous moment;
s304: and sequentially judging whether each temporary plugging ball reaches a setting standard or not, and re-determining the number of the perforation holes of the target well section according to the temporary plugging ball judged by completing the setting, wherein the step comprises the following steps:
s3041: judging whether the first temporary plugging ball reaches a setting standard or not according to the ball holding force, the disengaging force, the attraction force and the maximum inertia force of the first temporary plugging ball when the first temporary plugging ball sequentially passes through the perforation clusters;
s3042: if the temporary plugging ball reaches the setting standard, judging that the temporary plugging ball is successfully set in the perforation cluster, and reducing the number of the holes corresponding to the perforation cluster by one; if the temporary plugging ball does not reach the setting standard, the temporary plugging ball flows to the next perforation cluster to continue judging;
s3043: if all perforation clusters do not meet the setting standard, judging that the temporary plugging ball is set on the perforation of one perforation cluster closest to the lower outlet of the shaft in the horizontal well section, and reducing the number of the perforations of the corresponding cluster by one;
s3044: after the first temporary plugging ball completes setting judgment and the number of the perforation holes of the target well section is determined again, the crack expansion state is recalculated through a crack expansion simulation control equation to obtain new flow distribution of each cluster;
s3045: calculating the setting judgment of the second temporary plugging ball before passing through each perforation cluster in sequence;
s3046: and circulating the processes until the setting judgment of the last temporary plugging ball is finished, and redistributing the number of the perforation holes of each cluster.
S305: after temporary plugging, substituting the number of the new holes of each shower into a crack propagation simulation control equation to continue calculation;
s306: and calculating the fracture volume uniformity index after the fracture propagation simulation is finished.
S4: and taking the highest value of the crack uniformity index, and taking the pitching moment and the pitching quantity corresponding to the highest value of the crack uniformity index as the temporary blocking steering pitching optimization result.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 4, considering that the crack propagation coupling model for temporary plugging between the cracks in the segment is a coupled crack propagation steering determination model and a temporary plugging ball stress analysis and setting standard model, the steps of coupling the crack propagation steering determination model and the temporary plugging ball stress analysis and setting standard model are as follows:
establishing a crack extension steering judgment model, receiving an output result of the crack extension simulation control equation set, taking any total number of crack discrete units as a basis at any moment, substituting a stress field solution calculated by a crack extension simulation control equation into the crack extension steering judgment model, calculating a conclusion whether to continue to extend and a crack tip deflection angle, if the crack tip deflection angle needs to continue to extend, adding a new discrete unit corresponding to the crack tip, calculating the tip deflection angle of the crack tip, and simulating the crack extension process until all cracks are judged not to continue to extend, wherein the model enters the next time step to continue to operate;
inputting a control output result of the crack extension simulation control equation into the crack extension steering judgment model, judging whether the crack extension steering judgment model needs to be extended continuously or not, if the crack extension steering judgment model needs to be extended continuously at the moment, adding a new discrete unit corresponding to the tip of the crack, calculating the tip deflection angle of the discrete unit until all cracks are judged not to be extended continuously, and finishing the simulation of the crack extension process at the moment;
establishing a temporary plugging ball stress analysis and setting standard model, wherein the stress analysis of the temporary plugging ball is carried out on the premise of considering the following conditions: the perforating mode of the target well section is spiral perforating, the size of the temporary plugging ball is always larger than the diameter of the perforation, and the influence of other additional force on the temporary plugging ball caused by unstable flow in the casing is neglected;
inputting the simulation result of the crack propagation process into a temporary plugging ball stress analysis and setting standard model, judging whether the temporary plugging ball is successfully set in the perforation hole or not, and if the stress reaches the setting standard, successfully setting the temporary plugging ball;
and completing the coupling of the crack propagation steering judgment model and the stress analysis of the temporary plugging ball with the setting standard model.
Wherein, the setting judgment process of the simulated temporary plugging ball perforation is regarded as an instantaneous process, and the judgment basis for judging whether the stress of the temporary plugging ball is balanced comprises the following steps:
judging whether the attraction force of the perforation hole to the temporary plugging ball is larger than the maximum inertia force of the temporary plugging ball in the casing, if so, setting the temporary plugging ball in the perforation hole;
after the temporary plugging ball is set and sealed in the perforation hole, whether the ball holding force of the perforation hole to the temporary plugging ball is larger than the separation force of the temporary plugging ball caused by the flowing of fracturing fluid in the casing is judged, and if the ball holding force is larger than the separation force, the temporary plugging ball is stably set and sealed and cannot be separated.
Example 2
The embodiment of the application provides a method for optimizing the temporary blocking steering ball throwing time and the ball throwing quantity among cluster perforation gaps in a horizontal well section.
Referring to fig. 1, the main processing flow of the method for optimizing the temporary blocking ball throwing time and the ball throwing amount is shown, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 201, firstly, a crack propagation simulation control equation is established as follows:
when in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
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When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,F(x) -the function vector of the fracture propagation simulation control equation,Tin order to transpose the symbols,xin order to solve the vector, the vector is calculated,F 1、F 2、…、F 6simulating subvectors of control equation function vectors for the fracture propagation;iindicates at a certain time, whatIn a split discrete unit, the firstiThe number of the individual units is such that,i = 1, 2, …, itot；jis shown asjCluster or secondjThe number of the slits of the strip,j = 1, 2, …, jtot；ka count index representing the summation symbol Σ;lindicating the first of a certain fracture at a certain time, counted from the side close to the shaftlThe number of discrete units of an individual slit,l = 1, 2, …, ltot(j)；itotrepresents the total number of discrete units of all cracks at a certain time;jtotrepresenting a total number of perforation clusters or a total number of fractures for the target interval;ltotindicating the total number of discrete units in a crack at a given time, e.g.ltot(j) Is shown asjThe total number of discrete units of the strip crack;p，p i ，p j l,vector representation of pressure of discrete cells of fracture, at a certain timeiPressure of discrete unit of each crack, at a certain momentjFirst of strip cracklPressure of discrete units, Pa;q，q i ，q j l,vector representation of the flow of discrete units of a fracture, at a certain timeiFlow rate of discrete unit of each crack at a certain timejFirst of strip cracklFlow of discrete units, m3/s；Dn，Dn i ，Dn j l,Vector representation for representing discontinuity quantity of normal displacement of discrete unit of crack at a certain timeiThe discontinuity amount of the normal displacement of the discrete unit of each crack at a certain timejFirst of strip cracklA discontinuity in normal displacement of individual discrete cells, m;Ds，Ds i ，Ds j l,vector representation of the discontinuity of the tangential displacement of discrete units of the fracture, the first at a certain timeiThe discontinuous amount of the tangential displacement of the discrete units of the crack is the second at a certain timejFirst of strip cracklThe amount of discontinuity in tangential displacement of individual discrete units, m;p，p c j vector representation of perforation cluster casing pressure, at a certain timejCasing pressure, Pa, at the perforation cluster;Q T the displacement of the fracturing fluid is shown,m3/s；β i is shown asiDeflection angle of each split discrete unit, in degrees; sigmaH，σhRepresenting the maximum horizontal stress, the minimum horizontal ground stress, Pa of the stratum;G k i,and representing the three-dimensional correction coefficient, and taking the following values:
whereind k i,Is as followskSplit the discrete unit tokThe distance (m) between the discrete cells of each slit,h f the height (m) of the crack is,α G 、β G for empirical coefficients, it is usual to takeα G = 1，β G = 2.3；Cns k i,，Cnn k i,，Css k i,，Csn k i,-the fracture discrete unit induced stress coefficient term is calculated by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Gis the formation shear modulus (Pa),γ k i,is as followskA split discrete unit andirelative deflection angle, i.e., (°), of individual fracture discrete elements
Determined by the following equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,vin order to obtain the poisson's ratio of the formation,ais half length (m) of the split discrete unit, iskA crack is discrete unit atiCoordinate values (m) under a local coordinate system of the individual crack discrete unit;
Δtrepresents a unit time step length of the fracturing process, s; μ represents a Newtonian fluid viscosity, Pa · s; deltasRepresents the length of the discrete unit of the crack, m;C L expresses the fluid loss coefficient of the fracturing fluid, m/s1/2；τ(s i ) Indicating the extension of a crack tos i Time elapsed, s;s i is as followsiThe position of each crack discrete unit on the crack is separated from the crack length of the crack opening by m;ρdenotes the fracturing fluid density, kg/m3；n p j,Is shown asjThe number of the distributed holes of each perforation cluster;d p represents the perforation diameter, m;C p j,is shown asjThe flow coefficient of each perforation cluster is generally 0.82;n' denotes the Power Rate fluid flow index, kg/m3；k' represents the power fluid consistency coefficient, pas;d L represents the casing diameter, m;L j j,+1is shown asjFrom one perforation cluster to the nextj+1 wellbore distance, m, of perforation clusters;
in the crack propagation simulation control equation of the step, the unknown quantity to be solved is at a certain momentitotThe normal discontinuous displacement of each crack unit,itotThe tangential discontinuous displacement of each crack unit,itotA pressure,jtotFracturing fluid flow rates andjtotcasing flow pressure at individual perforation cluster, total 3itot+2jtotIndividual unknowns:
dividing the fracturing construction time according to a preset time step, and sequentially iterating from the beginning of formal fracturing to the end of fracturing to obtain unknown quantities at all moments;
step 202, accepting induced stress field and fracture pressure distribution at each moment calculated by a fracture expansion simulation control equation, and establishing a fracture expansion steering judgment model as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,θ f the angle of the maximum circumferential stress direction of the crack tip in a polar coordinate is shown, and the angle is also the steering angle of the crack tip;KIrepresenting the first type stress intensity factor, Pa.m, of the fracture tip0.5；KIIRepresenting the first type stress intensity factor, Pa.m, of the fracture tip0.5；KICExpressing the fracture toughness index of stratum rock, Pa.m0.5；
If the inequality in the fracture expansion steering judgment model is established, the fracture can be judged to continue to expand at the moment, 1 discrete unit is added forwards at the tip of the fracture to serve as a new tip unit of the fracture, then a new fracture state is brought into the fracture expansion model and the fracture steering judgment model for calculation, the process is repeated until the inequality in the fracture expansion steering judgment model is not established, the simulation of the fracture expansion process at the moment is finished, and the model enters the next time step for continuous operation;
step 203, establishing a temporary plugging ball setting standard model, wherein the stress analysis of the temporary plugging ball in the casing is shown in fig. 2, and the stress analysis of the temporary plugging ball setting on the perforation hole is shown in fig. 3:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,F D representing the attraction of the perforation hole to the temporary plugging ball, N;F S represents the maximum inertia force of the temporary plugging ball in the movement of the sleeve, N;F H representing the ball holding force of the perforation hole on the temporary plugging ball, N;F u representing a release force, N, for causing the temporary plugging ball to fall off the perforation hole;V s representing the flow velocity of the fracturing fluid in the casing, m/s;D b represents the temporary plugging ball diameter, m;f D the function of temporary ball-blocking resistance coefficient and Reynolds number is determined by the following formula;
A B represents the cross-sectional area of the temporary plugging ball, m2；V B The flow velocity of the temporary plugging ball to the orifice, m/s, is determined by the following equation:
Q p j ,is shown asjFlow of fracturing fluid in casing at individual perforation clusters, m3/s；
When two inequalities in the model are simultaneously satisfied in the step, the temporary plugging ball is considered to be successfully set;
step 301, determining the optimization ranges of the temporary blocking ball design ball throwing time and the ball throwing quantity, wherein the selection of the optimization ranges of the ball throwing time is related to the fracturing procedure of the target well section, and the selection is carried out, whereinT d To remove the fracturing time (min) from the test fracturing time,T f the total fracturing construction time (min),T t in order to test the fracturing time (min), if a construction plan for injecting a temporary plugging agent to perform temporary plugging steering in a seam exists in a target well section, the time for injecting the temporary plugging ball is selected as follows:
if the construction plan for temporary plugging diversion in the seam by adding temporary plugging agent does not exist in the target well section, the following steps are selected:
secondly, the optimization range of the number of the shot balls is selected as follows:n ep 、1.1 n ep 、1.2 n ep 、1.3 n ep 、1.4 n ep 、1.5n ep whereinn ep The total number of perforation holes of all the obviously well-developed cracks can be obtained from a simulation result before temporary plugging is implemented in the crack propagation simulation process, and finally a group of ball throwing time and the ball throwing quantity are selected as candidate parameters to carry out the following steps;
step 302, simulating and calculating the fracture expansion process before temporary plugging by the fracture expansion simulation control equation in the step 201 from the beginning of formal fracturing to the candidate ball throwing time;
step 303, simulating a temporary plugging ball perforation setting judgment process, wherein the flow schematic diagram refers to FIG. 4; when the crack propagation simulation is calculated to the time of pitching, before the crack propagation simulation is normally performed, the setting condition of the temporary plugging ball is determined for a plurality of times by using the temporary plugging ball setting standard model in the step 203, firstly, whether the setting of the 1 st temporary plugging ball at the perforation cluster is successful or not is sequentially determined according to the sequence of the perforation clusters along the direction from the heel end to the toe end of the shaft, if the setting is successful, the setting condition of the 1 st temporary plugging ball does not need to be continuously judged for the subsequent perforation clusters, if all the perforation clusters are judged to be unsuccessful in setting through the temporary plugging ball setting standard model, then the last 1 perforation cluster is judged to be successfully set, the perforation cluster which is judged to be successfully set once, the number of perforation holes is reduced by 1, and then the fracture expansion state at the moment is calculated once by applying the fracture expansion simulation control equation in the step 201 according to the number of new cluster perforation holes; sequentially judging the subsequent temporary plugging balls according to the setting judgment process of the 1 st temporary plugging ball, recalculating the crack expansion state at the moment according to the number of new perforation holes once after 1 temporary plugging ball is successfully set, and in the setting judgment process of the subsequent temporary plugging balls, if the number of perforation holes of a certain perforation cluster is reduced to 0, judging that the perforation cluster does not have the capacity of setting the temporary plugging ball any more, and not needing to perform setting judgment any more; when all temporary plugging balls finish setting judgment, the number of the holes of each cluster hole is finally updated, and the coupling model enters the next time step to continue to calculate in the step 2;
step 304, simulating and calculating the fracture expansion process after temporary plugging by the fracture expansion simulation control equation in the step 201 from the next moment of the pitching moment to the fracturing end;
step 305, calculating a fracture volume uniformity index after the fracture propagation simulation is finished:
whereinU f Is an index of the uniformity of the volume of the crack,V f j,is the firstjVolume of strip crack (m)3) All the quantities are calculated quantities at the fracturing end time;
and 4, step 4: referring to fig. 6, a relation graph of the candidate ball throwing time of the temporary ball blockage, the candidate ball throwing quantity and the crack uniformity index is made, and a group of candidate ball throwing time and the candidate ball throwing quantity with the highest corresponding crack uniformity index are determined as the optimal ball throwing time and the optimal ball throwing quantity of the temporary blocking steering among the clustering perforation cracks of the target well section.
TABLE 1 relationship table of candidate pitching timing, candidate pitching number and crack uniformity index
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A temporary blocking, steering and ball throwing optimization method for cluster perforation gaps in a horizontal well section is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting information of a target well, the information of the target well comprising: logging information and interpretation information of a designed well section of a target well, fracturing construction guidance information of the designed well section of the target well, perforation completion information of the designed well section of the target well and temporary plugging ball property information of pre-temporary plugging construction;
establishing a fracture expansion coupling model considering temporary plugging among the internal fractures of the section according to the information of the target well;
setting an optimization range of temporary ball blocking design ball throwing time and ball throwing quantity, sequentially inputting the ball throwing time and the ball throwing quantity in the optimization range to a crack propagation coupling model considering temporary blocking among the inner seams of the section, and outputting a plurality of crack uniformity indexes after pressure grouping by the crack propagation coupling model considering temporary blocking among the inner seams of the section;
and taking the highest value of the crack uniformity index, and taking the pitching moment and the pitching quantity corresponding to the highest value of the crack uniformity index as the temporary blocking steering pitching optimization result.
2. The method for optimizing the steering and pitching of the clustered perforation gaps in the horizontal well section according to claim 1, wherein the step of establishing a fracture propagation coupling model considering the temporary blocking between the gaps in the horizontal well section according to the information of the target well comprises the following steps:
according to the information of the target well, a fracture propagation simulation control equation set is established, and the fracture propagation simulation control equation set comprises the following steps: a normal discontinuous displacement equation, a tangential discontinuous displacement equation, a crack unit substance balance equation, an in-crack/seam/shaft on-way pressure drop equation and a flow distribution equation;
carrying out discrete unit processing on discontinuous displacement of fractures in a stratum, inputting measurement data of the fractures into a fracture expansion simulation control equation set, and obtaining a control output result, wherein the control output result comprises: normal discontinuous displacement, tangential discontinuous displacement, pressure, fracturing fluid flow and casing flowing pressure at each perforation cluster of each fracture unit at a certain moment;
and at any moment, on the basis of any one of the total number of the crack discrete units, establishing a crack propagation coupling model considering temporary plugging between the cracks in the section at any moment through a stress field solution calculated by a crack propagation simulation control equation at the previous moment and a control output result.
3. The method for optimizing temporary blocking, steering and ball throwing of the cluster perforation gaps in the horizontal well section as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
setting initial conditions and boundary conditions for the fracture propagation simulation control equation set;
the initial conditions include: the length of each crack is 0, the deflection angle of the crack is 0 degree, and in the simulation process of fracturing expansion, the crack in the stratum is regarded as discrete unit treatment with discontinuous displacement;
the boundary conditions include: the width of each crack tip unit is 0, the pressure of each crack tip unit is the closing pressure of the crack wall surface, the flow rate of each crack tip unit is 0, and the flow rate of each crack opening unit is equal to the inlet liquid flow rate of the crack opening.
4. The method for optimizing temporary blocking, steering and ball throwing of the cluster perforation gaps in the horizontal well section as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
the crack extension coupling model considering the temporary plugging among the joints in the section is a coupled crack extension steering judgment model and a temporary plugging ball stress analysis and setting standard model, and the step of coupling the crack extension steering judgment model and the temporary plugging ball stress analysis and setting standard model comprises the following steps:
establishing a crack propagation steering judgment model;
inputting a control output result of the crack extension simulation control equation into the crack extension steering judgment model, judging whether the crack extension steering judgment model needs to be extended continuously or not, if so, adding a new discrete unit corresponding to the crack tip, calculating the tip deflection angle of the new discrete unit, and finishing the simulation of the crack extension process until all cracks are judged not to be extended continuously;
establishing a temporary plugging ball stress analysis and setting standard model;
inputting the simulation result of the crack propagation process into a stress analysis and setting standard model of the temporary plugging ball, judging whether the temporary plugging ball is successfully set in the perforation hole, and if the stress reaches the setting standard, successfully setting the temporary plugging ball;
and completing the coupling of the crack propagation steering judgment model and the stress analysis of the temporary plugging ball with the setting standard model.
5. The method for optimizing temporary blocking, steering and ball throwing of the cluster perforation gaps in the horizontal well section as claimed in claim 4, further comprising:
judging whether the attraction force of the perforation hole to the temporary plugging ball is larger than the maximum inertia force of the temporary plugging ball in the casing, if so, setting the temporary plugging ball in the perforation hole;
after the temporary plugging ball is set and sealed in the perforation hole, whether the ball holding force of the perforation hole to the temporary plugging ball is larger than the separation force of the temporary plugging ball caused by the flowing of fracturing fluid in the casing is judged, and if the ball holding force is larger than the separation force, the temporary plugging ball is stably set and sealed and cannot be separated.
6. The method for optimizing the steering pitching of the clustering perforation gaps in the horizontal well section according to claim 1, wherein the step of setting the optimization ranges of the temporary blocking ball design pitching opportunity and pitching number and solving the uniformity index of each group of post-pressure cracks in the optimization ranges by considering the crack propagation coupling model of the temporary blocking between the gaps in the section comprises the following steps:
setting an optimization range of temporary blocking ball design ball throwing time and ball throwing quantity, and selecting a group of ball throwing time and ball throwing quantity in the optimization range;
according to the selected pitching moment and the pitching quantity, calculating the crack expansion process according to a crack expansion simulation control equation from the beginning of formal fracturing to the selected pitching moment, and simulating the crack expansion process before temporary plugging;
according to a calculation result output by the crack expansion process before temporary plugging at the selected ball throwing time, the ball holding force, the disengaging force, the attraction force and the self maximum inertia force of each temporary plugging ball in sequence before passing through each perforation cluster are obtained;
sequentially judging whether each temporary plugging ball reaches a setting standard or not, and re-determining the number of perforation holes of the target well section according to the temporary plugging balls after the setting judgment is finished;
after temporary plugging, substituting the number of the new holes of each shower into a crack propagation simulation control equation to continue calculation;
and calculating the fracture volume uniformity index after the fracture propagation simulation is finished.
7. The method for optimizing the steering pitching of the clustered perforation gaps in the horizontal well section as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of obtaining the ball holding force, the separating force, the attracting force and the maximum inertia force of each temporarily blocked ball sequentially before passing through each perforation cluster according to the calculation result output by the crack propagation process before temporary blocking at the selected pitching moment comprises:
when the crack propagation simulation calculation is carried out to the time of putting the ball, the ball holding force, the disengaging force, the attraction force and the maximum inertia force of each temporary plugging ball are obtained according to well completion parameters, fracturing fluid properties, the properties of the temporary plugging balls and the liquid inlet flow at each perforation cluster obtained by calculation according to the simulation process at the previous moment.
8. The method for optimizing temporary plugging, steering and ball throwing of cluster perforation gaps in a horizontal well section according to claim 6, wherein the step of sequentially judging whether each temporary plugging ball meets the setting standard and re-determining the number of perforation holes of the target well section according to the temporary plugging ball which is judged to be set comprises the following steps:
judging whether the first temporary plugging ball reaches a setting standard or not according to the ball holding force, the disengaging force, the attraction force and the maximum inertia force of the first temporary plugging ball when the first temporary plugging ball sequentially passes through the perforation clusters;
if the temporary plugging ball reaches the setting standard, judging that the temporary plugging ball is successfully set in the perforation cluster, and reducing the number of the holes corresponding to the perforation cluster by one; if the temporary plugging ball does not reach the setting standard, the temporary plugging ball flows to the next perforation cluster to continue judging;
if all perforation clusters do not meet the setting standard, judging that the temporary plugging ball is set on the perforation of one perforation cluster closest to the lower outlet of the shaft in the horizontal well section, and reducing the number of the perforations of the corresponding cluster by one;
after the first temporary plugging ball completes setting judgment and the number of the perforation holes of the target well section is determined again, the crack expansion state is recalculated through a crack expansion simulation control equation to obtain new flow distribution of each cluster;
calculating the setting judgment of the second temporary plugging ball before passing through each perforation cluster in sequence;
and circulating the processes until the setting judgment of the last temporary plugging ball is finished, and redistributing the number of the perforation holes of each cluster.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the information of the target well comprises:
logging information and interpretation information of the designed well section of the target well: the method comprises the steps of obtaining rock mechanical property related profile curve data and three-dimensional ground stress profile curve data;
and (3) target well design section fracturing construction guidance information: the method comprises the steps of obtaining fracturing fluid displacement data, pre-fracturing scale data, fracturing fluid performance data and proppant performance data;
and (3) the information of the perforation completion of the designed well section of the target well: the method comprises the steps of obtaining section length data, shaft diameter data, perforation cluster number data, perforation cluster position data, hole distribution number data of each cluster, hole depth data, aperture data and a phase angle;
temporary plugging ball property information of temporary plugging construction in advance: the method comprises the steps of obtaining temporary plugging ball size data and temporary plugging ball quality data.
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