CN111626001A - Method for improving refined water injection of oil production well - Google Patents
Method for improving refined water injection of oil production well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving refined water injection of an oil production well, and belongs to the technical field of oil field development. The method comprises the following steps: establishing 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models; establishing a bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed model of the pulse water injection well based on the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models; and performing evaluation and division on the properties of the pulse water injection layer sections and analysis and evaluation on strong and weak water injection effects. In the invention, 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models and a bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed model of a pulse water injection well are established to provide a theoretical basis for separate layer water injection, so that the flow and pressure can be better regulated in actual water injection, and the intellectualization and refinement of the separate layer water injection are realized; the evaluation and division of the properties of the pulsating water injection layer sections can realize different water injection strengths of water injection layer sections with different properties; the water injection effect can be effectively identified by analyzing and evaluating the strong and weak water injection effects, so that the injection allocation accuracy is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development, in particular to a method for improving refined water injection of an oil production well.
Background
Water injection is a secondary oil recovery method, and underground crude oil is displaced to a production well through water injection in a water injection well box stratum, so that the recovery ratio of the crude oil is increased.
At present, whether continuous water injection or periodic water injection is carried out, the key of stratified water injection is reasonable division of water injection layer sections and determination of injection allocation quantity of each section, research on dynamic methods for dividing the water injection layer sections by sections from middle to outside is less, and the injection allocation quantity is calculated mainly according to static parameters or by taking experience as a main part. Therefore, a method for improving the fine water injection of the oil production well is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving refined water injection of an oil production well. The method comprises the following steps:
establishing 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models; establishing a bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed model of the pulse water injection well based on the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models;
performing evaluation and division of the properties of the pulse water injection layer sections and analysis and evaluation of strong and weak water injection effects;
establishing a pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and a pulsating water injection nozzle model;
setting a pulse injection single-layer-reservoir two-phase seepage model; establishing a basic seepage differential equation; dividing a pulsating water injection seepage zone and setting initial and boundary conditions; determining the oil-water front velocity;
controlling the flow and pressure adaptive regulation through the bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed model of the pulse water injection well; different water injection strengths are implemented on water injection intervals with different properties and the water injection effect is identified through the property evaluation division and the strong and weak water injection effect analysis evaluation of the pulse water injection intervals; knowing the coupling flow of the shaft pipe flow, water nozzle throttling and stratum seepage in the water injection process through the pulse water injection shaft pipe flow model and the pulse water injection water nozzle model; and predicting the pulse on-off state through the oil-water front edge rate to achieve real-time monitoring of water injection dynamics and realize real-time flow control and monitoring.
Further, the establishing 1, 3 and 5 of the water injection physical model comprises the following steps:
dividing the water injection layer section into 6 layer sections to obtain a pulse period cycle water injection physical model;
and taking 'opening 1h and closing 3 h' as a working system, selecting to open the 1, 3 and 5 layer sections of the pulse period cycle water injection physical model, and closing the 2, 4 and 6 layer sections to obtain the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical model.
Further, establishing a bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed model of the pulse water injection well comprises the following steps:
based on the divided 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models, taking the injection amount of a water injection well as an excitation input signal of an injection and production system, and taking the liquid production amount of a production well as a response output signal of the injection and production system to obtain a bottom hole pressure change diagram of the injection well;
according to the principles of seepage mechanics, the pressure changes at any point in the reservoir system caused by the operation of an injection well alone are expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein, delta pi is the pressure change of the ith interval of the water injection well and is Mpa; q. q.siFor the i-th interval injection amount, m3(ii) a k is the formation permeability, md; h is reservoir thickness, m; mu is the viscosity of the liquid, 10 pas; l is the distance of the injection and production wells, m; t is the injection time of a certain interval, h; eiFor the correction coefficient, α is a crest adjustment coefficient, and the value range is { -1, -2, 0, 1, 2 };
in the process of implementing the pulse period cycle water injection, the horizontal direction is taken as the positive direction of injection, the injection speed of the layer section is taken as v, and the unit is m3V ═ v (x, t), for unsteady flows, where x represents the horizontal distance from the injector well head center to the production well head center in m, so that a ═ Δ v/Δ t, a+Acceleration of injection during the rising phase of the injection pressure peak, i.e. the opening phase of a certain interval, a—The unit of a is m for the injection acceleration of the injection pressure trough descending stage, namely the closing stage of a certain interval3/h2；
Setting the length from the initial end to the terminal end of the layer section pulse injection allocation device as l, and the unit is m; the impedances of the starting end and the terminal end caused by the transient impact of the pulsating water injection are respectively as follows: z0，ZlThe size is expressed as:
when the pressure at the beginning of the interval pulse injection distributor is 0 when t is set during the implementation of the pulse cycle water injection, the pressure change caused by opening or closing the injection interval is changed into delta p, namely p is changed into delta p hereaAnd + delta p, setting the boundary conditions of the initial end of the pulse water injector as follows:
wherein S is the flow area of the pulsation injection allocation device and the unit is m2V is water drive speed in m/s;
the boundary conditions of the terminal are as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,0the initial pulsation coefficient of the interval pulsation injection allocation device,lterminal pulse coefficient of pulse injection distributor for interval, when terminal is fully open, zl＝0,l-1, when the terminal is off, zl＝∞,l＝1；
Dividing said injector bottom hole pressure profile into an infinite number of rectangular pressure responses, for each step Δ PiCombining the superposition principle to obtain the final bottom hole pressure change P of the ith interval of the water injection well, wherein the bottom hole pressure change P of the ith interval of the water injection well changes along with the advancing displacement x (the value range is 0-L) and the time t of the water drive, and the injection speed v of the interval changes along with the advancing x and the time t of the water drive is obtained by superpositionAdding a bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed model of the pulse water injection well obtained by a principle;
further, the establishing a pulsatile water injection wellbore tubular flow model comprises:
assuming that the water flows in the wellbore as laminar flow, the tubing is smooth neglecting frictional resistance, the fluid is incompressible and only gravity is considered, the injected vertical tubing flow is expressed as:
where a is kinetic energy correction coefficient, α is 2 for circular tube flow, hwIs head loss, m; v is the average flow velocity, m/s; h is height, m; p1，P2The flow pressure of the water nozzle in front of and behind the water nozzle is MPa; rho is the density of water, kg · m－3(ii) a g is the acceleration of gravity, m.s-2；H1，H2The vertical height m between each layer of segments; v1，V2The flow velocities of the well heads in front of and behind the nozzle are m/s respectively;
for the pulse period cycle water injection mode, based on the established pulse period water injection physical model, combining the formula (1), and improving the formula (7):
calculating the head loss hw in the pulse water injection pipe:
injecting water into the vertical well and flowing vertically along the oil pipe, wherein the pressure loss in the oil pipe is calculated according to a round pipe on-way pressure loss formula, and the pressure loss from the ground well mouth to the first water injection layer is as follows:
the on-way pressure loss in the oil pipe between the first layer and the second layer is as follows:
wherein Q is0Injection flow rate for the whole well, m3/d；QjFor the i-th layer implantation, m3/d；hwjHead loss at layer j, m; d is the diameter of the oil pipe, m; eiCorrecting coefficients for the frequency of the pulsating water injection;
calculating the injection quantity Q of the ith layer within delta ti：
For a separate-zone water injection well, in combination with equation (6), the injection amount flowing in each zone is expressed as:
Qi＝ViΔt (11)
further, the establishing of the pulsating water injection nozzle model comprises:
setting the opening degree of the water nozzle throttling hole in delta t as x and the overflowing area as A (x), wherein the relation between the opening degree of the water nozzle throttling hole and the overflowing area is as follows:
the loss of the wellhead pulsation water injection water nozzle is as follows:
v obtained by combining the formula (6)i(x, t) and then obtained at ΔtThe flow rate of the internal through wellhead pulse injection allocation device is as follows:
ΔQ0＝A(x,t)×Vi(x,t)×Δt
further, the setting of the pulsatile injection single-reservoir two-phase seepage model comprises:
a. the influence of temperature on the oil-water action process of the low-permeability reservoir is not considered, and an isothermal seepage rule is followed;
b. the compressibility of the reservoir porous medium and the fluid and the temperature change of the fluid are not considered;
c. the flow of fluid in the porous medium follows non-darcy seepage characteristics;
d. the fluid in the porous medium comprises only two phases of oil and water;
e. consider the effect of capillary forces and the onset pressure gradient on fluid movement in a porous medium.
Further, the establishing of the fundamental seepage differential equation comprises:
setting a continuity equation of the pulsating water drive seepage as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-reservoir rock porosity, f; s-saturation; v. ofo-oil seepage velocity, m/s; v. ofw-water phase percolation speed, m/s; t-time, s;
obtaining a water-driving velocity equation of the water phase and the oil phase through the formula (15) and the formula (6):
wherein, K is absolute permeability, md; kroRelative permeability of the oil phase fluid, dimensionless; krwRelative permeability of the aqueous phase fluid, dimensionless; mu.so-viscosity of the oil phase fluid, pa.s; mu.sw-viscosity of the aqueous phase fluid, pa.s;
combining the equation (6) and the equation (11) to obtain an auxiliary equation:
the flow equation: q. q.si＝qo+qw(17)
Seepage equation: v. ofi＝vo+vw(18)
Water phase separation process:
saturation equation: f. ofo+fw＝1 (20)
Relative penetration path:
capillary pressure equation: p is a radical ofc＝po-pw(22)。
Further, the dividing and initial and boundary condition setting of the pulsating water injection seepage zone comprises:
dividing the space between the water injection well and the oil production well into three areas: a water zone, an oil-water two-phase zone and an oil zone;
the initial conditions of the percolation region are as follows:
the boundary setting comprises inner boundary condition setting and inner boundary condition setting;
the inner boundary conditions are as follows: q. q.si＝qc＝qcw+qco(24)
Wherein q isiPulsating stratified injection of water m3/s；qc-pulsed stratified pumping volume, m3/s；qcwPumping water in pulsating layers, m3/s；qcoPulsed stratified oil recovery, m3/s；
The inner boundary conditions are as follows:
where N is the outer normal direction of the seepage model N boundary.
Further, the determining the oil water front velocity comprises:
setting, based on the saturation distribution and the equation (18):
determining the propagation speed of the saturation in the stratum and the saturation advance position by the following formula:
in the formula
Total amount of permeation liquid from the start of formation of the two-phase region (t ═ 0) to the permeation time t; given a certain saturation SW, the distance that the saturation advances within time t is determined by the equation (29);
according to the law of conservation of matter, due to X immersion within time Δ t0～XfThe total amount of water in the range is equal to the incremental amount of water saturation in the range, i.e.:
wherein S iswc-irreducible water saturation;
obtaining a formula of water saturation of the front edge of the pulsating water flooding oil:
and (3) solving the water saturation Sw of the water drive front edge by using a mapping method, and then solving the position of the pulsating water drive front edge at any time by using the formula (29):
the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: in the invention, 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models and a bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed model of a pulse water injection well are established to provide a theoretical basis for separate layer water injection, so that the flow and pressure can be better regulated in actual water injection, and the intellectualization and refinement of the separate layer water injection are realized. The evaluation and division of the properties of the pulsating water injection layer sections can realize different water injection strengths of water injection layer sections with different properties; the water injection effect can be effectively identified by analyzing and evaluating the strong and weak water injection effects, so that the injection allocation accuracy is obviously improved. The method has the advantages that a pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and a pulsating water injection nozzle model are established, coupling flow of shaft pipe flow, nozzle throttling and formation seepage in the actual water injection process can be better known, and refined water injection is improved. The oil-water front edge rate is determined, and the pulse on-off state can be predicted according to the oil-water front edge rate in a pulse cycle water injection mode, so that the water injection dynamic state can be monitored in real time, the real-time flow control and monitoring are realized, and the refined water injection level is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for improving refined water injection of a production well according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a physical model of pulse-cycle waterflooding provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a physical model diagram of water injection 1, 3, 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of downhole pressure changes for an injection well provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of post-waterflood choke zone changes reflected by downhole pressure data for different stages of waterflooding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a distribution of oil-water regions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of a water saturation distribution provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for improving refined waterflood of a production well according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, the method includes:
step 1: establishing 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models; and establishing a bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed model of the pulse water injection well based on the physical water injection models 1, 3 and 5.
It should be noted that, the layered water injection firstly needs to determine the injection allocation layer section, which aims to reduce the heterogeneity of longitudinal water flooding between injection and production layers to improve the water flooding effect, and manually performs necessary adjustment on the water injection process or measures to limit or strengthen the water injection strength of reservoir sections with different properties, so that the water injection speed of each layer is uniformly promoted, and the water flooding wave and the volume are improved to achieve balanced production. In the water injection process, the self-adaptive regulation of the control of flow and pressure is the most important link, the intellectualization and the refinement of the separated layer water injection are realized, and a water injection physical model is necessary to be established, so that a theoretical basis is provided for the development of an intelligent separated layer water injection process technology.
It should be further noted that the establishing 1, 3, 5 water injection physical models includes: dividing the water injection layer section into 6 layer sections to obtain a pulse period cycle water injection physical model, wherein FIG. 2 is a pulse period cycle water injection physical model diagram; and taking 'opening 1h and closing 3 h' as a working system, selecting to open the 1, 3 and 5 layer sections of the pulse period cycle water injection physical model, and closing the 2, 4 and 6 layer sections to obtain the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical model, wherein fig. 3 is a 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical model diagram.
In addition, the establishment of the model of the bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed of the pulse water injection well comprises the following steps: and based on the divided 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models, taking the injection amount of a water injection well as an excitation input signal of the injection-production system, taking the liquid production amount of a production well as a response output signal of the injection-production system to obtain a bottom hole pressure change diagram of the injection well, and obtaining a bottom hole pressure change diagram of the injection well as a bottom hole pressure change diagram of the injection well in the figure 4.
According to the principles of seepage mechanics, the pressure changes at any point in the reservoir system caused by the operation of an injection well alone are expressed as:
wherein, delta pi is the pressure change of the ith interval of the water injection well and is Mpa; q. q.siFor the i-th interval injection amount, m3(ii) a k is the formation permeability, md; h is reservoir thickness, m; mu is the viscosity of the liquid, 10 pas; l is the distance of the injection and production wells, m; t is the injection time of a certain interval, h; eiFor the correction coefficient, α is a crest adjustment coefficient with the value range of { -1, -2, 0, 1, 2 }.
In the process of implementing the pulse period cycle water injection, the horizontal direction is taken as the positive direction of injection, the injection speed of the layer section is taken as v, and the unit is m3V ═ v (x, t), for unsteady flows, where x represents the horizontal distance from the injector well head center to the production well head center in m, so that a ═ Δ v/Δ t, a+Acceleration of injection during the rising phase of the injection pressure peak, i.e. the opening phase of a certain interval, a—The unit of a is m for the injection acceleration of the injection pressure trough descending stage, namely the closing stage of a certain interval3/h2。
Setting the length from the initial end to the terminal end of the layer section pulse injection allocation device as l, and the unit is m; the impedances of the starting end and the terminal end caused by the transient impact of the pulsating water injection are respectively as follows: z0，ZlThe size is expressed as:
when the pressure at the beginning of the interval pulse injection distributor is 0 when t is set during the implementation of the pulse cycle water injection, the pressure change caused by opening or closing the injection interval is changed into delta p, namely p is changed into delta p hereaAnd + delta p, setting the boundary conditions of the initial end of the pulse water injector as follows:
wherein S is the flow area of the pulsation injection allocation device and the unit is m2V is water drive speed in m/s;
the boundary conditions of the terminal are as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,0the initial pulsation coefficient of the interval pulsation injection allocation device,lterminal pulse coefficient of pulse injection distributor for interval, when terminal is fully open, zl＝0,l-1, when the terminal is off, zl＝∞,l＝1；。
Partitioning the bottom hole pressure profile of an injection well into an infinite number of rectangular pressure responses, for each step Δ PiThe final bottom hole pressure change P of the ith layer of the water injection well, which changes along with the water drive advancing displacement x (the value range is 0-L) and the time t, can be obtained by combining the superposition principle, the injection speed v of the ith layer of the water injection well, which changes along with the water drive advancing x and the time t, is obtained by the following pulse water injection well bottom pressure-water drive speed model obtained by the superposition principle;
step 2: and performing evaluation and division on the properties of the pulse water injection layer sections and analysis and evaluation on strong and weak water injection effects.
It should be noted that, in the process of implementing the pulse cycle water injection, geological data, production dynamic data and data in the early stage of water injection development are fully considered, and the on-off state is determined on the basis of clarifying the injection and production relation of the oil-water well layer in the pulse cycle water injection process, so that the dynamic property change caused in the interval water injection process is determined more timely and comprehensively.
In addition, the evaluation division of the properties of the pulsating water injection interval is to realize that water injection intervals with different properties implement different water injection strengths. The property division standard of each water injection layer section is as follows:
table 1 water injection interval property division standard table
| Water injection interval properties | Current production status of corresponding interval of oil well | Current production status of corresponding interval of water injection well |
| Control and injection limiting layer | Main oil producing layer, high pressure, high water-bearing layer | Main water-absorbing layer section, strong injection layer and super injection layer |
| Balanced water injection layer | Secondary oil producing layer, medium and low water-bearing layer | Secondary water-absorbing layer section, medium-strength water injection section |
| Strengthened water injection layer | Weak working or non-working layer, water channeling layer | Non-water-absorbing layer or non-water-distribution layer and non-perforated layer |
It should be further noted that, since the whole pulsating water injection is a process related to pressure change, and considering the bottom pressure change of the water injection well, in order to reduce errors of measurement and adjustment, when a pulsating periodic cycle water injection process is implemented, a well test analysis platform is used for analyzing a water channeling phenomenon according to a pressure parameter change curve, and then the pulsation frequency and the injection mode are adjusted in time, so that the evaluation effect on the water drive effect is obvious. For the pressure difference between layers caused by the pulsating water injection, the phenomenon that the main oil-producing layer section with high pressure flows back to the oil-producing layer section with low pressure can occur. The determination of the water injection interval properties of the water injection well aims to realize that water injection intervals with different properties implement different water injection strengths. In order to further explain the phenomena of water channeling and backflow, swift well testing interpretation software is adopted for analysis, and the water injection effect of the interval is accurately determined. The evaluation methods were as follows:
FIG. 5 is a graph of post-waterflood choke zone changes reflected by downhole pressure data at different stages of waterflooding; identifying the phenomenon of water channeling in the process of pulse water injection of a low-permeability oil field, wherein rw＝0.1m，h＝20m， Ct＝0.001MPa-1，B＝1.08m3/m3，ц＝1.03mPa.s，q＝10m3/d，Pi20MPa, K1 md, S0 and C0.1. If other parameters are kept unchanged, only the half-length Xf of the crack is changed, and with the continuous increase of Xf, the pseudo-radial flow section has a small concave, and the concave section is more obvious when the crack is longer. According to the theoretical method, it is easy to know that at this stage, when the injected water compresses the crude oil to be extruded into the oil-containing rock, certain elastic oil displacement energy is stored. In addition, when the oil phase is at the peak of pressure disturbance, the corresponding increase of the pressure gradient can also enable the oil phase to overcome a larger Jamin effect and flow, the pulse water injection mode can be fully proved to have obvious oil displacement effect, and the water injection effect can be effectively identified by combining a pulse water injection index prediction method, so that the injection allocation accuracy is obviously improved.
And step 3: and establishing a pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and a pulsating water injection nozzle model.
It should be noted that the pulsating water injection utilizes the pulsating periodic hydrostatic pressure data of each layer to adjust the wellhead flow. The process comprises the following steps: the injected water flows into the water injection shaft from the shaft through a water nozzle of the water distributor, and flows into each injection layer after being throttled by the pulse injection distributor, so that the oil displacement effect is achieved. The whole process is the coupling flow of the shaft pipe flow, the nozzle throttling and the stratum seepage. In order to match the actual flow of each injection layer of the water injection well with the injection allocation scheme as much as possible, the Bernoulli equation and the stratum seepage equation are linked for analysis, and a pulse water injection well pipe flow model and a pulse water injection water nozzle model are established. Because the formation pressure (pdEAR) of the water injection well is relatively stable in a period of time, the motive power of water injection is derived from the injection allocation pressure (pdEAR) of the wellhead of the water injection well, the injection allocation pressure and the liquid column pressure form the pressure (pdEAR) before the nozzle, liquid flows through the nozzle to form the pressure (pdEAR) after the nozzle, and the pdEAR is larger than the pdEAR. Only if p is later > p, water can be injected into the oil layer. Pressure loss can be generated when liquid flows through the water nozzle, the larger the general flow is, the larger the pressure loss is, and a certain corresponding relation exists between the flow difference of the wellhead water nozzle in delta t and the pressure difference of the front nozzle and the rear nozzle of the wellhead water nozzle.
It should also be noted that the establishing of the pulsating water injection wellbore tubular flow model includes: assuming that the water flows in the wellbore as laminar flow, the tubing is smooth neglecting frictional resistance, the fluid is incompressible and only gravity is considered, the injected vertical tubing flow is expressed as:
where a is kinetic energy correction coefficient, α is 2 for circular tube flow, hwIs head loss, m; v is the average flow velocity, m/s; h is height, m; p1，P2The flow pressure of the water nozzle in front of and behind the water nozzle is MPa; rho is the density of water, kg · m－3(ii) a g is the acceleration of gravity, m.s-2；H1，H2The vertical height m between each layer of segments; v1，V2The flow velocities of the well heads in front of and behind the nozzle are respectively m/s.
For the pulse period cycle water injection mode, based on the established pulse period water injection physical model, combining the formula (1), improving the formula (7):
calculating the head loss hw in the pulse water injection pipe:
injecting water into the vertical well and flowing vertically along the oil pipe, wherein the pressure loss in the oil pipe is calculated according to a round pipe on-way pressure loss formula, and the pressure loss from the ground well mouth to the first water injection layer is as follows:
the on-way pressure loss in the oil pipe between the first layer and the second layer is as follows:
wherein Q is0Injection flow rate for the whole well, m3/d；QjFor the i-th layer implantation, m3/d；hwjHead loss at layer j, m; d is the diameter of the oil pipe, m; eiCorrecting coefficients for the frequency of the pulsating water injection;
calculating the injection quantity Q of the ith layer within delta ti：
For the separate-layer water injection well, combining equation (6), the injection amount flowing in each layer is expressed as:
Qi＝ViΔt (11)。
in addition, the establishment of the pulsating water injection nozzle model comprises the following steps: setting the opening degree of the water nozzle throttling hole in delta t as x, and the overflowing area as A (x), wherein the relation between the opening degree of the water nozzle throttling hole and the overflowing area is as follows:
the loss of the wellhead pulsation water injection water nozzle is as follows:
in combination with formula (6), obtained Vi(x, t) and then obtained at ΔtThe flow rate of the internal through wellhead pulse injection allocation device is as follows:
ΔQ0＝A(x,t)×Vi(x,t)×Δt (15)。
and 4, step 4: setting a pulse injection single-layer-reservoir two-phase seepage model; establishing a basic seepage differential equation; dividing a pulsating water injection seepage zone and setting initial and boundary conditions; the oil-water front velocity is determined.
It should be noted that, the pulsation period cycle water injection technology and the water drive seepage theory are comprehensively considered, and different seepage areas are formed in each injection layer section along the injection water flow direction according to different water saturation degrees and are divided into a pure water area, an oil-water area and a pure oil area. And deducing a pressure change curve in the seepage area, the water saturation change of the water drive front edge and the propelling speed of the water saturation change by using a water drive seepage theory. And finally, establishing a water drive front edge control target equation, and feeding back, adjusting and optimizing the injection speed and the injection quantity of each layer section so as to improve the layered water drive sweep efficiency and realize the fine oil displacement effect. Based on the moving speed of a water flooding front edge caused by the change of water saturation among injection wells and production wells in the process of pulse water injection, the water breakthrough time of pulse period cycle water injection in the oil production wells can be predicted, so that the 'on-off' state of interval water injection can be accurately determined, the aim of fine water injection is improved, and the feasibility of a pulse period cycle water injection mode in actual oil field water injection and oil displacement is further verified.
It should be further noted that the setting of the pulsatile injection single-reservoir two-phase seepage model includes:
a. the influence of temperature on the oil-water action process of the low-permeability reservoir is not considered, and an isothermal seepage rule is followed;
b. the compressibility of the reservoir porous medium and the fluid and the temperature change of the fluid are not considered;
c. the flow of fluid in the porous medium follows non-darcy seepage characteristics;
d. the fluid in the porous medium comprises only two phases of oil and water;
e. consider the effect of capillary forces and the onset pressure gradient on fluid movement in a porous medium.
Secondly, establishing a fundamental seepage differential equation comprises:
setting a continuity equation of the pulsating water drive seepage as follows:
wherein phi-reservoir rockPorosity, f; s-saturation; v. ofo-oil seepage velocity, m/s; v. ofw-water phase percolation speed, m/s; t-time, s.
Obtaining a water drive velocity equation of water and oil phases through a formula (15) and a formula (6):
wherein, K is absolute permeability, md; kroRelative permeability of the oil phase fluid, dimensionless; krwRelative permeability of the aqueous phase fluid, dimensionless; mu.so-viscosity of the oil phase fluid, pa.s; mu.sw-viscosity of the aqueous phase fluid, pa.s.
Combining equation (6) and equation (11), we get the auxiliary equation:
the flow equation: q. q.si＝qo+qw(17)
Seepage equation: v. ofi＝vo+vw(18)
Water phase separation process:
saturation equation: f. ofo+fw＝1 (20)
Relative penetration path:
capillary pressure equation: p is a radical ofc＝po-pw(22)。
Furthermore, the dividing and initial and boundary condition setting of the seepage zone of the pulsating water injection comprises the following steps:
dividing the space between the water injection well and the oil production well into three areas: a water zone, an oil-water two-phase zone and an oil zone; FIG. 6 is a distribution diagram of oil and water regions.
The initial conditions of the vadose zone are given as:
the boundary setting comprises inner boundary condition setting and inner boundary condition setting;
the inner boundary conditions were: q. q.si＝qc＝qcw+qco(24)
Wherein q isiPulsating stratified injection of water m3/s；qc-pulsed stratified pumping volume, m3/s；qcwPumping water in pulsating layers, m3/s；qcoPulsed stratified oil recovery, m3/s。
The inner boundary conditions were:
where N is the outer normal direction of the seepage model N boundary.
Additionally, determining the oil water front velocity comprises:
based on the saturation distribution and equation (18), the following are set:
determining the propagation speed of the saturation in the stratum and the saturation advance position by the following formula:
in the formula
Total amount of permeation liquid from the start of formation of the two-phase region (t ═ 0) to the permeation time t; when a certain saturation SW is given, the distance that the saturation advances within the time t is obtained by the equation (29).
According to the law of conservation of matter, due to X immersion within time Δ t0～XfThe total amount of water in the range is equal to the incremental amount of water saturation in the range, i.e.:
wherein S iswc-irreducible water saturation;
obtaining a formula of water saturation of the front edge of the pulsating water flooding oil:
FIG. 7 is a water saturation distribution graph, which is obtained by a mapping method, and then the water saturation Sw of the water drive leading edge is obtained by an equation (29) to obtain the position of the pulsating water drive leading edge at any time:
it is worth to be noted that 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models and a bottom hole pressure-water drive speed model of a pulse water injection well are established in the invention, and theoretical basis is provided for the separate layer water injection, so that the flow and the pressure can be better adjusted in the actual water injection, and the intellectualization and the refinement of the separate layer water injection are realized. The evaluation and division of the properties of the pulsating water injection layer sections can realize different water injection strengths of water injection layer sections with different properties; the water injection effect can be effectively identified by analyzing and evaluating the strong and weak water injection effects, so that the injection allocation accuracy is obviously improved. The method has the advantages that a pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and a pulsating water injection nozzle model are established, coupling flow of shaft pipe flow, nozzle throttling and formation seepage in the actual water injection process can be better known, and refined water injection is improved. The oil-water front edge rate is determined, and the pulse on-off state can be predicted according to the oil-water front edge rate in a pulse cycle water injection mode, so that the water injection dynamic state can be monitored in real time, the real-time flow control and monitoring are realized, and the refined water injection level is further improved.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving refined water injection of an oil production well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models; establishing a bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed model of the pulse water injection well based on the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models;
performing evaluation and division of the properties of the pulse water injection layer sections and analysis and evaluation of strong and weak water injection effects;
establishing a pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and a pulsating water injection nozzle model;
setting a pulse injection single-layer-reservoir two-phase seepage model; establishing a basic seepage differential equation; dividing a pulsating water injection seepage zone and setting initial and boundary conditions; determining the oil-water front velocity;
controlling the flow and pressure adaptive regulation through the bottom hole pressure-water flooding speed model of the pulse water injection well; different water injection strengths are implemented on water injection intervals with different properties and the water injection effect is identified through the property evaluation division and the strong and weak water injection effect analysis evaluation of the pulse water injection intervals; knowing the coupling flow of the shaft pipe flow, water nozzle throttling and stratum seepage in the water injection process through the pulse water injection shaft pipe flow model and the pulse water injection water nozzle model; and predicting the pulse on-off state through the oil-water front edge rate to achieve real-time monitoring of water injection dynamics and realize real-time flow control and monitoring.
2. The method for improving refined water injection of an oil production well according to claim 1, wherein the establishing 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models comprises the following steps:
dividing the water injection layer section into 6 layer sections to obtain a pulse period cycle water injection physical model;
and taking 'opening 1h and closing 3 h' as a working system, selecting to open the 1, 3 and 5 layer sections of the pulse period cycle water injection physical model, and closing the 2, 4 and 6 layer sections to obtain the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical model.
3. The method for improving refined water injection of a production well, according to claim 1, is characterized in that establishing a model of the pressure at the bottom of a pulse water injection well and the water flooding speed comprises the following steps:
based on the divided 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models, taking the injection amount of a water injection well as an excitation input signal of an injection and production system, and taking the liquid production amount of a production well as a response output signal of the injection and production system to obtain a bottom hole pressure change diagram of the injection well;
according to the principles of seepage mechanics, the pressure changes at any point in the reservoir system caused by the operation of an injection well alone are expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein, delta pi is the pressure change of the ith interval of the water injection well and is Mpa; q. q.siFor the i-th interval injection amount, m3(ii) a k is the formation permeability, md; h is reservoir thickness, m; mu is the viscosity of the liquid, 10 pas; l is the distance of the injection and production wells, m; t is the injection time of a certain interval, h; eiFor the correction coefficient, α is a crest adjustment coefficient, and the value range is { -1, -2, 0, 1, 2 };
in the process of implementing the pulse period cycle water injection, the horizontal direction is taken as the positive direction of injection, the injection speed of the layer section is taken as v, and the unit is m3V ═ v (x, t), for unsteady flows, where x represents the horizontal distance from the injector well head center to the production well head center in m, so that a ═ Δ v/Δ t, a+Acceleration of injection during the rising phase of the injection pressure peak, i.e. the opening phase of a certain interval, a—The unit of a is m for the injection acceleration of the injection pressure trough descending stage, namely the closing stage of a certain interval3/h2；
Setting the length from the beginning to the end of the layer section pulse injection distributorIs l, in m; the impedances of the starting end and the terminal end caused by the transient impact of the pulsating water injection are respectively as follows: z0，ZlThe size is expressed as:
when the pressure at the beginning of the interval pulse injection distributor is 0 when t is set during the implementation of the pulse cycle water injection, the pressure change caused by opening or closing the injection interval is changed into delta p, namely p is changed into delta p hereaAnd + delta p, setting the boundary conditions of the initial end of the pulse water injector as follows:
wherein S is the flow area of the pulsation injection allocation device and the unit is m2V is water drive speed in m/s;
the boundary conditions of the terminal are as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,0the initial pulsation coefficient of the interval pulsation injection allocation device,lterminal pulse coefficient of pulse injection distributor for interval, when terminal is fully open, zl＝0,l-1, when the terminal is off, zl＝∞,l＝1；
Dividing said injector bottom hole pressure profile into an infinite number of rectangular pressure responses, for each step Δ PiThe final bottom hole pressure change P of the ith layer of the water injection well, which changes along with the water drive advancing displacement x (the value range is 0-L) and the time t, can be obtained by combining the superposition principle, the injection speed v of the ith layer of the water injection well, which changes along with the water drive advancing x and the time t, is obtained by the following step, namely the bottom hole pressure-water drive speed model of the pulse water injection well, which is obtained through the superposition principle;
4. the method of improving refined waterflooding in a production well of claim 1, wherein modeling the flow of the pulsating waterflood wellbore tubular comprises:
assuming that the water flows in the wellbore as laminar flow, the tubing is smooth neglecting frictional resistance, the fluid is incompressible and only gravity is considered, the injected vertical tubing flow is expressed as:
where a is kinetic energy correction coefficient, α is 2 for circular tube flow, hwIs head loss, m; v is the average flow velocity, m/s; h is height, m; p1，P2The flow pressure of the water nozzle in front of and behind the water nozzle is MPa; rho is the density of water, kg · m－3(ii) a g is the acceleration of gravity, m.s-2；H1，H2The vertical height m between each layer of segments; v1，V2The flow velocities of the well heads in front of and behind the nozzle are m/s respectively;
for the pulse period cycle water injection mode, based on the established pulse period water injection physical model, combining the formula (1), and improving the formula (7):
calculating the head loss hw in the pulse water injection pipe:
injecting water into the vertical well and flowing vertically along the oil pipe, wherein the pressure loss in the oil pipe is calculated according to a round pipe on-way pressure loss formula, and the pressure loss from the ground well mouth to the first water injection layer is as follows:
the on-way pressure loss in the oil pipe between the first layer and the second layer is as follows:
wherein Q is0Injection flow rate for the whole well, m3/d；QjFor the i-th layer implantation, m3/d；hwjHead loss at layer j, m; d is the diameter of the oil pipe, m; eiCorrecting coefficients for the frequency of the pulsating water injection;
calculating the injection quantity Q of the ith layer within delta ti：
For a separate-zone water injection well, in combination with equation (6), the injection amount flowing in each zone is expressed as:
Qi＝ViΔt (11)。
5. the method for improving refined water injection of the oil production well as defined in claim 1, wherein the establishing of the pulse water injection nozzle model comprises the following steps:
setting the opening degree of the water nozzle throttling hole in delta t as x and the overflowing area as A (x), wherein the relation between the opening degree of the water nozzle throttling hole and the overflowing area is as follows:
the loss of the wellhead pulsation water injection water nozzle is as follows:
v obtained by combining the formula (6)i(x, t) and then obtained at ΔtThe flow rate of the internal through wellhead pulse injection allocation device is as follows:
ΔQ0＝A(x,t)×Vi(x,t)×Δt (14)。
6. the method for improving refined waterflood of a production well, according to claim 1, wherein the setting of the pulse injection single-reservoir two-phase seepage model comprises:
a. the influence of temperature on the oil-water action process of the low-permeability reservoir is not considered, and an isothermal seepage rule is followed;
b. the compressibility of the reservoir porous medium and the fluid and the temperature change of the fluid are not considered;
c. the flow of fluid in the porous medium follows non-darcy seepage characteristics;
d. the fluid in the porous medium comprises only two phases of oil and water;
e. consider the effect of capillary forces and the onset pressure gradient on fluid movement in a porous medium.
7. The method for improving the refined water injection of the oil production well as the claim 1,
the establishing of the fundamental seepage differential equation comprises:
setting a continuity equation of the pulsating water drive seepage as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-reservoir rock porosity, f; s-saturation; v. ofo-oil seepage velocity, m/s; v. ofw-water phase percolation speed, m/s; t-time, s;
obtaining a water-driving velocity equation of the water phase and the oil phase through the formula (15) and the formula (6):
wherein, K is absolute permeability, md; kroRelative permeability of the oil phase fluid, dimensionless; krwRelative permeability of the aqueous phase fluid, dimensionless; mu.so-viscosity of the oil phase fluid, pa.s; mu.sw-viscosity of the aqueous phase fluid, pa.s;
combining the equation (6) and the equation (11) to obtain an auxiliary equation:
the flow equation: q. q.si＝qo+qw(17)
Seepage equation: v. ofi＝vo+vw(18)
Water phase separation process:
saturation equation: f. ofo+fw＝1(20)
Relative penetration path:
capillary pressure equation: p is a radical ofc＝po-pw(22)。
8. The method for improving the refined water injection of the oil production well as defined in claim 1, wherein the dividing and initial and boundary condition setting of the seepage zone of the pulse water injection comprises the following steps:
dividing the space between the water injection well and the oil production well into three areas: a water zone, an oil-water two-phase zone and an oil zone;
the initial conditions of the percolation region are as follows:
the boundary setting comprises inner boundary condition setting and inner boundary condition setting;
the inner boundary conditions are as follows: q. q.si＝qc＝qcw+qco(24)
Wherein q isiPulsating stratified injection of water m3/s；qc-pulsed stratified pumping volume, m3/s；qcwPumping water in pulsating layers, m3/s；qcoPulsed stratified oil recovery, m3/s；
The inner boundary conditions are as follows:
where N is the outer normal direction of the seepage model N boundary.
9. The method for improving refined waterflood injection in a production well according to claim 1, wherein determining the rate of the oil-water front comprises:
setting, based on the saturation distribution and the equation (18):
determining the propagation speed of the saturation in the stratum and the saturation advance position by the following formula:
in the formula
Total amount of permeation liquid from the start of formation of the two-phase region (t ═ 0) to the permeation time t; at a given certain saturation SWThe distance of the saturation advancing in the time t is obtained through the formula (29);
according to the law of conservation of matter, due to X immersion within time Δ t0～XfThe total amount of water in the range is equal to the incremental amount of water saturation in the range, i.e.:
wherein S iswc-irreducible water saturation;
obtaining a formula of water saturation of the front edge of the pulsating water flooding oil:
and (3) solving the water saturation Sw of the water drive front edge by using a mapping method, and then solving the position of the pulsating water drive front edge at any time by using the formula (29):
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