CN111626001B - Method for improving refined water injection of oil extraction well - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving refined water injection of an oil production well, and belongs to the technical field of oil field development. The method comprises the following steps: building 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models; based on the physical model of water injection 1, 3 and 5, building a bottom hole pressure-water driving speed model of the pulsating water injection well; and carrying out pulse water injection interval property evaluation and classification and strong and weak water injection effect analysis and evaluation. According to the invention, a physical model of 1, 3 and 5 water injection and a pulsating water injection well bottom pressure-water driving speed model are established, a theoretical basis is provided for separate-layer water injection, so that the flow and pressure can be better regulated in actual water injection, and the intelligentization and refinement of separate-layer water injection are realized; the property evaluation and division of the pulsating water injection intervals can realize that the water injection intervals with different properties implement different water injection intensities; the water injection effect can be effectively identified by analyzing and evaluating the strong water injection effect and the weak water injection effect, so that the injection allocation accuracy is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development, in particular to a method for improving refined water injection of an oil production well.
Background
Water injection is a secondary oil extraction method, and underground crude oil is displaced to a production well by injecting water into a stratum of a water injection well box, so that the recovery ratio of the crude oil is increased.
At present, whether continuous water injection or periodic water injection is carried out, the key of the separated layer water injection is the reasonable division of water injection intervals and the determination of the injection allocation of each interval, the research on the dynamic method for dividing the separated layer water injection intervals is less, and the calculation of the injection allocation is mainly based on static parameters or experience. Therefore, a method for improving the refined water injection of oil recovery wells is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving refined water injection of an oil production well. The method comprises the following steps:
building 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models; based on the physical model of water injection 1, 3 and 5, building a bottom hole pressure-water driving speed model of the pulsating water injection well;
performing pulsating water injection interval property evaluation and classification and strong and weak water injection effect analysis and evaluation;
establishing a pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and a pulsating water injection water nozzle model;
setting a pulsation injection monolayer-reservoir two-phase seepage model; establishing a basic seepage differential equation; dividing a pulsating water injection seepage area, and setting initial and boundary conditions; determining the oil-water front rate;
controlling the self-adaptive adjustment of flow and pressure through the pulsating water injection well bottom pressure-water drive speed model; through the evaluation and division of the properties of the pulsating water injection intervals and the analysis and evaluation of the strong water injection effect and the weak water injection effect, different water injection intensities are implemented on water injection intervals with different properties, and the water injection effect is identified; knowing the coupling flow of the shaft pipe flow, the water nozzle throttling and the stratum seepage in the water injection process through the pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and the pulsating water injection nozzle model; and predicting the pulsation on-off state through the oil-water front rate, so as to realize real-time monitoring of water injection dynamics and realize real-time flow control and monitoring.
Further, the building of the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical model comprises the following steps:
dividing a water injection interval into 6 intervals to obtain a pulse period circulation water injection physical model;
and taking 'on 1h and off 3 h' as a working system, selecting and starting 1, 3 and 5 layers of sections of the pulse period circulation water injection physical model, and closing 2, 4 and 6 layers of sections to obtain the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical model.
Further, establishing the bottom hole pressure-water drive speed model of the pulsating water injection well comprises the following steps:
based on the divided physical models of water injection 1, 3 and 5, taking the injection quantity of the water injection well as an excitation input signal of an injection and production system, and taking the liquid production quantity of the oil production well as a response output signal of the injection and production system to obtain a bottom hole pressure change map of the injection well;
according to the principle of seepage mechanics, the pressure change caused by the independent operation of an injection well at any point in an oil reservoir system is expressed as:
wherein,
wherein Δpi is the pressure change of the ith layer section of the water injection well and Mpa; q i For the i-th interval injection amount, m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the k is the formation permeability, md; h is the reservoir thickness, m; mu is the viscosity of the liquid, 10 Pa.s; l is the injection well distance, m; t is injection time of a certain layer section, and h; e (E) i For the correction coefficient, alpha is a peak adjusting coefficient, and the value range is { -1, -2,0,1,2};
in the process of pulse period circulation water injection, the horizontal direction is set as the positive direction of injection, the interval injection speed is set as v, and the unit is m 3 V=v (x, t) for unstable flows, where x represents the horizontal distance from the center of the injection well wellhead to the center of the production well wellhead in m, so there is a=Δv/Δt, a + For injection acceleration during the peak rise of injection pressure, i.e. during the opening phase of a certain interval, a — For injection acceleration during the dip phase of injection pressure, i.e. during the closing phase of a certain interval, a is given in m 3 /h 2 ；
Setting the length from the start end to the end of the layer section pulsation injection allocation device as l and the unit as m; the impedance of the starting end and the terminating end caused by the impulse water injection transient impact are respectively as follows: z is Z 0 ，Z l The size is expressed as:
when the pressure at the beginning of the pulse injection device is t=0, the pressure change caused by opening or closing the injection layer section is deltap, namely p a +Δp, the boundary conditions at the start of the pulsating water injector are set as:
wherein S is the flow area of the pulsation injection distributor, and the unit is m 2 V is the water driving speed, and the unit is m/s;
the boundary conditions of the terminal are as follows:
wherein delta 0 Initial end pulsation coefficient delta of pulsation injection allocation device for layer section l Terminal pulsation coefficient of pulsation injection distributor for layer section, z when terminal is completely opened l ＝0,δ l = -1, z when the terminal is closed l ＝∞,δ l ＝1；
Dividing the injection well bottom hole pressure profile into a plurality of rectangular pressure responses for each step ΔP i The final bottom pressure of the water injection well, which changes along with the forward displacement x (the value range is 0-L) of the water drive and the time t, is changed along with the bottom pressure change P of the ith layer section of the water injection well, the injection speed v of the layer section, which changes along with the forward displacement x and the time t of the water drive, can be obtained by combining the superposition principle, and the bottom pressure-water drive speed model of the pulsating water injection well is obtained by the superposition principle;
further, the establishing the pulsating water injection wellbore tubular flow model includes:
assuming that the water flow in the wellbore is laminar, the tubing is smooth to ignore frictional resistance, the fluid is incompressible and only gravity is considered, and the injected vertical tubing flow is expressed as:
wherein a is a kinetic energy correction coefficient, and α=2 for circular tube flow; h is a w Is head loss, m; v is the average flow rate, m/s; h is the height, m; p (P) 1 ，P 2 The flow pressure of the front and the rear of the water nozzle are respectively MPa; ρ is the density of water, kg.m －3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the g is gravity acceleration, m.s -2 ；H 1 ，H 2 The vertical heights of the layers and the sections are respectively m; v (V) 1 ，V 2 The flow rates of the wellhead at the front and the rear of the nozzle are m/s respectively;
for a pulse period cycle water injection mode, based on the established pulse period water injection physical model, combining the formula (1), and improving the formula (7):
calculating the head loss hw in the pulsating water injection pipe:
injecting water into the vertical well vertically flows along the oil pipe, the pressure loss in the oil pipe is calculated according to a circular pipe along-path pressure loss formula, and the pressure loss from the ground wellhead to the first water injection layer is as follows:
the inner path pressure loss of the oil pipe between the first layer and the second layer is as follows:
wherein Q is 0 For the injection flow rate of the whole well, m 3 /d；Q j For the i-th layer injection amount, m 3 /d；h wj The head loss of the j-th layer, m; d is the diameter of the oil pipe, m; e (E) i Correcting the coefficient for the pulse water injection frequency;
calculating the injection quantity Q of the ith layer section in delta t i ：
For a separate injection well, the injection amount of each layer flow is expressed as:
Q i ＝V i Δt (11)
further, the building of the pulsating water injection nozzle model includes:
let the aperture of the water tap orifice in deltat be x, the flow area be A (x), the relation between the aperture of the water tap orifice and the flow area be:
the loss of the wellhead pulsating water injection tap is as follows:
combining the formula (6) to obtain V i (x, t) and then at delta t The flow of the internal pulsation injection allocation device through the wellhead is as follows:
。ΔQ 0 ＝A(x,t)×V i (x,t)×Δt
further, the set pulse injection monolayer-reservoir two-phase seepage model comprises:
a. irrespective of the influence of temperature on the oil-water action process of the low-permeability reservoir, the isothermal seepage rule is followed;
b. regardless of the compressibility of the reservoir porous medium and fluid temperature variation;
c. the flow process of the fluid in the porous medium follows the fidaxs percolation characteristics;
d. the fluid in the porous medium only comprises oil-water two phases;
e. consider the effect of capillary force and initiation pressure gradient on fluid movement in a porous medium.
Further, the establishing a basic percolation differential equation includes:
the continuous equation of the pulse water drive seepage is set as follows:
wherein,-reservoir rock porosity, f; s-saturation; v o -oil percolation speed, m/s; v w -water phase percolation speed, m/s; t-time, s;
obtaining a water-driving speed equation of water and oil phases through the formula (15) and the formula (6):
wherein, K is absolute permeability, md; k (K) ro -relative permeability of the oil phase fluid, dimensionless; k (K) rw -relative permeability of the aqueous fluid, dimensionless; mu (mu) o -viscosity of the oil phase fluid, pa.s; mu (mu) w -viscosity of the aqueous fluid, pa.s;
combining the equation (6) and the equation (11) yields an auxiliary equation:
flow equation: q i ＝q o +q w (17)
Seepage equation: v i ＝v o +v w (18)
The water phase separation flow is as follows:
saturation equation: f (f) o +f w ＝1 (20)
Relative penetration:
capillary pressure equation: p is p c ＝p o -p w (22)。
Further, the dividing, initializing and boundary condition setting of the pulsating water injection and seepage area comprises the following steps:
dividing the space between the water injection well and the oil extraction well into three areas: a water zone, an oil-water two-phase zone and an oil zone;
the initial conditions of the seepage area are expressed as follows:
the boundary setting comprises an inner boundary condition setting and an inner boundary condition setting;
the internal boundary conditions are: q i ＝q c ＝q cw +q co (24)
Wherein q i Pulsating layered injection of water quantity, m 3 /s；q c Pulsation stratification liquid sampling volume, m 3 /s；q cw Pulsating layered water intake, m 3 /s；q co -pulsating layered oil recovery, m 3 /s；
The internal boundary conditions are:
where N is the external normal direction of the N boundary of the percolation model.
Further, the determining the oil-water front rate includes:
according to the saturation distribution and the equation (18), setting:
the propagation speed of the saturation in the stratum and the saturation propulsion position determining formula are determined as follows:
in the middle ofTotal amount of infiltration for the two-phase region formation start (t=0) to infiltration time t; at a given saturationAnd a degree SW, wherein the distance of the saturation advancing in the time t is obtained through the formula (29);
according to the law of conservation of matter, due to immersion X for a time Deltat 0 ～X f The total water amount in the range is equal to the increase in the saturation of water in the range, i.e.:
wherein S is wc -irreducible water saturation;
and obtaining a water saturation formula of the pulsating water flooding front edge:
the water saturation Sw of the water drive front is obtained by a mapping method, and the position of the pulsed water drive front at any time is obtained by the formula (29) after the water saturation Sw is obtained:
the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a physical model of 1, 3 and 5 water injection and a pulsating water injection well bottom pressure-water driving speed model are established, and a theoretical basis is provided for separate-layer water injection, so that the flow and pressure can be better regulated in actual water injection, and the intelligentization and refinement of separate-layer water injection are realized. The property evaluation and division of the pulsating water injection intervals can realize that the water injection intervals with different properties implement different water injection intensities; the water injection effect can be effectively identified by analyzing and evaluating the strong water injection effect and the weak water injection effect, so that the injection allocation accuracy is obviously improved. By establishing the pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and the pulsating water injection water nozzle model, the coupling flow of shaft pipe flow, nozzle throttling and stratum seepage in the actual water injection process can be better known, and the refined water injection is improved. And determining the oil-water front rate, and predicting the pulse on-off state according to the oil-water front rate in a pulse period circulating water injection mode, so as to realize real-time monitoring of water injection dynamics, realize real-time flow control and monitoring, and further improve the refined water injection level.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for improving refined water injection of an oil well provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a pulse period water injection physical model provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a physical model of water injection 1, 3, 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of injection well bottom hole pressure variation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of post-injection choked flow zone variation reflected by downhole pressure data for different injection stages according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an oil-water area distribution diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph of water saturation distribution provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for improving refined water injection of an oil well according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the method includes:
the method comprises the following steps: building 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models; and (3) establishing a bottom hole pressure-water driving speed model of the pulsating water injection well based on the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models.
It should be noted that, the water injection of the separate zone needs to determine the injection allocation zone first, so as to slow down the non-uniformity of the water flooding between the injection and production zones in the longitudinal direction, so as to improve the water flooding effect, and manually make necessary adjustment on the water injection process or measure, and limit or strengthen the water injection intensity of the reservoir zones with different properties, so that the water injection speed of each zone can be evenly advanced, and the water flooding sweep volume can be improved, so as to achieve balanced exploitation. In the water injection process, the self-adaptive adjustment of flow and pressure control is the most important link, so that the intellectualization and refinement of the layered water injection are realized, a water injection physical model is necessarily established, and a theoretical basis is provided for the development of the intelligent layered water injection process technology.
It should also be noted that the building of the 1, 3, 5 water injection physical model includes: dividing a water injection layer segment into 6 layer segments to obtain a pulse period circulating water injection physical model, wherein fig. 2 is a pulse period circulating water injection physical model diagram; taking 'on 1h and off 3 h' as a working system, selecting and starting 1, 3 and 5 layers of sections of the pulse period circulation water injection physical model, closing 2, 4 and 6 layers of sections to obtain the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical model, wherein figure 3 is a 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical model diagram.
In addition, the building of the bottom hole pressure-water driving speed model of the pulsating water injection well comprises the following steps: based on the divided 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models, the injection quantity of the water injection well is regarded as an excitation input signal of the injection and production system, the liquid production quantity of the oil production well is regarded as a response output signal of the injection and production system, a bottom hole pressure change map of the injection well is obtained, and fig. 4 is a bottom hole pressure change map of the injection well.
According to the principle of seepage mechanics, the pressure change caused by the independent operation of an injection well at any point in an oil reservoir system is expressed as:
wherein Δpi is the pressure change of the ith layer section of the water injection well and Mpa; q i For the i-th interval injection amount, m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the k is the formation permeability, md; h is the reservoir thickness, m; mu is the viscosity of the liquid, 10 Pa.s; l is the injection well distance, m; t is injection time of a certain layer section, and h; e (E) i For correction coefficients, α is the peak adjustment coefficient, and the value range is { -1, -2,0,1,2}.
In the process of pulse period circulation water injection, the horizontal direction is set as the positive direction of injection, the interval injection speed is set as v, and the unit is m 3 V=v (x, t) for unstable flows, where x represents the horizontal distance from the center of the injection well wellhead to the center of the production well wellhead in m, so there is a=Δv/Δt, a + For injection acceleration during the peak rise of injection pressure, i.e. during the opening phase of a certain interval, a — For injection acceleration during the dip phase of injection pressure, i.e. during the closing phase of a certain interval, a is given in m 3 /h 2 。
Setting the length from the start end to the end of the layer section pulsation injection allocation device as l and the unit as m; the impedance of the starting end and the terminating end caused by the impulse water injection transient impact are respectively as follows: z is Z 0 ，Z l The size is expressed as:
when the pressure at the beginning of the pulse injection device is t=0, the pressure change caused by opening or closing the injection layer section is deltap, namely p a +Δp, the boundary conditions at the start of the pulsating water injector are set as:
wherein S is the flow area of the pulsation injection distributor, and the unit is m 2 V is the water driving speed, and the unit is m/s;
the boundary conditions of the terminal are as follows:
wherein delta 0 Initial end pulsation coefficient delta of pulsation injection allocation device for layer section l Terminal pulsation coefficient of pulsation injection distributor for layer section, z when terminal is completely opened l ＝0,δ l = -1, z when the terminal is closed l ＝∞,δ l ＝1；。
Dividing the injection well bottom hole pressure variation map into innumerable rectangular pressure responses for each step ΔP i The final bottom pressure of the water injection well, which changes along with the forward displacement x (the value range is 0-L) of the water drive and the time t, can be obtained by combining the superposition principle, namely the bottom pressure change P of the ith layer section of the water injection well, which changes along with the forward displacement x of the water drive and the time t, is the injection speed v of the layer section along with the forward displacement x of the water drive, and the bottom pressure-water drive speed model of the pulsating water injection well, which is obtained by the superposition principle, is as follows;
step 2: and carrying out pulse water injection interval property evaluation and classification and strong and weak water injection effect analysis and evaluation.
In the process of implementing the pulse cycle circulation water injection, geological data, production dynamic data and data in the early stage of water injection development are fully considered, and the on-off state is determined on the basis of knowing the injection and production relationship of the oil-water well layer in the pulse cycle circulation water injection process, so that the dynamic property change caused in the interval water injection process is more timely and comprehensively determined.
In addition, the evaluation and division of the properties of the pulsating water injection intervals are to implement different water injection intensities for the water injection intervals with different properties. The property division criteria of each water injection interval are:
TABLE 1 Water injection interval Properties division Standard Table
| Water flooding interval properties | Current production status of oil production well corresponding to layer section | Current production condition of water injection well corresponding to layer section |
| Control and injection limiting layer | Main oil producing layer, high pressure and high water bearing layer | Main water absorption layer section, strong injection layer and super injection layer |
| Balanced water injection layer | Secondary producing layer, middle and low water bearing layer | Secondary water absorption layer section, medium strength water injection section |
| Reinforced water injection layer | Weak working or non-working layer, water channeling layer | Non-water-absorbing or non-water-distributing and non-perforated layers |
It should be noted that, because the whole pulse water injection is a process related to pressure change, taking into account the bottom hole pressure change of the water injection well, in order to reduce the measuring and adjusting error, when implementing the pulse period circulation water injection process, the water channeling phenomenon is analyzed by using the well test analysis platform according to the pressure parameter change curve, and then the pulse frequency and the injection mode are adjusted in time, so that the evaluation effect on the water flooding effect is obvious. For the inter-layer pressure difference caused by pulsating water injection, a phenomenon of 'backflow' of the main oil-producing interval with high pressure to the non-oil-producing interval with low pressure may occur. The determination of the water injection layer section properties of the water injection well is to implement different water injection intensities for the water injection layer sections with different properties. In order to further explain the phenomenon of water channeling and backward flowing, the method adopts swift well test interpretation software to analyze, and accurately determines whether the water injection effect of the interval is good or bad. The following are evaluation methods:
FIG. 5 is a graph of changes in the flow resistance after flooding reflected by downhole pressure data at different flooding phases; identification of "water channeling" in pulsating water injection process to a low permeability field, where r w ＝0.1m，h＝20m，C t ＝0.001MPa-1，B＝1.08m3/m3，ц＝1.03mPa.s，q＝10m 3 /d，P i =20mpa, k=1md, s=0, c=0.1. If other parameters are kept unchanged, only the half length Xf of the crack is changed, and as Xf is continuously increased, the pseudo-radial flow section is concave, and the concave section is more obvious as the crack accompanies the larger length. According to this theoretical method, it is readily known that at this stage, when the injected water compresses the crude oil to squeeze into the oil-bearing rock, some elastic displacement energy is stored. In addition, when the oil phase is positioned at the peak of the pressure disturbance, the corresponding increase of the pressure gradient can also enable the oil phase to flow against larger Jack effect, so that the oil displacement effect can be fully proved to be obvious by a pulsating water injection mode, and the water injection effect can be effectively identified by combining the pulsating water injection index prediction method, so that the injection allocation accuracy is remarkably improved.
Step 3: and establishing a pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and a pulsating water injection water nozzle model.
The pulsating water injection utilizes the pulsating period hydrostatic pressure data of each layer to regulate wellhead flow. The process comprises the following steps: injection water flows into the water injection shaft through the water distributor water nozzle from the shaft, flows into each injection layer after being throttled by the pulse injection distributor, and achieves the oil displacement effect. The whole process is the coupling flow of the wellbore tubular flow, the nozzle throttling and the stratum seepage. In order to make the actual flow of each injection layer of the water injection well match with the injection allocation scheme as much as possible, the relation between the Bernoulli equation and the stratum seepage equation is analyzed, a pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model is built, and a pulsating water injection water nozzle model is built. Because the formation pressure (p ground) of the water injection well is relatively stable for a period of time, the motive force of water injection is derived from the injection allocation pressure (p) of the wellhead of the water injection well, the injection allocation pressure plus the liquid column pressure form the pressure before the mouth (p), after the liquid flows through the water nozzle, the pressure after the mouth (p back) is formed, and the p front is more than p back. Only after p > p can water be injected into the reservoir. When the liquid flows through the water nozzle, the pressure loss is generated, and the larger the general flow is, the larger the pressure loss is, and the flow difference of the water nozzle at the wellhead in delta t has a certain corresponding relation with the pressure difference between the front nozzle and the rear nozzle.
It should also be noted that, establishing the pulsating water injection wellbore tubular flow model includes: assuming that the water flow in the wellbore is laminar, the tubing is smooth to ignore frictional resistance, the fluid is incompressible and only gravity is considered, and the injected vertical tubing flow is expressed as:
wherein a is a kinetic energy correction coefficient, and α=2 for circular tube flow; h is a w Is head loss, m; v is the average flow rate, m/s; h is the height, m; p (P) 1 ，P 2 The flow pressure of the front and the rear of the water nozzle are respectively MPa; ρ is the density of water, kg.m －3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the g is gravity acceleration, m.s -2 ；H 1 ，H 2 The vertical heights of the layers and the sections are respectively m; v (V) 1 ，V 2 The flow rates of the wellhead and the flow rates of the wellhead at the front and the rear of the nozzle are m/s respectively.
For the pulse period circulation water injection mode, based on an established pulse period water injection physical model, the formula (7) is improved by combining the formula (1):
calculating the head loss hw in the pulsating water injection pipe:
injecting water into the vertical well vertically flows along the oil pipe, the pressure loss in the oil pipe is calculated according to a circular pipe along-path pressure loss formula, and the pressure loss from the ground wellhead to the first water injection layer is as follows:
the inner path pressure loss of the oil pipe between the first layer and the second layer is as follows:
wherein Q is 0 For the injection flow rate of the whole well, m 3 /d；Q j For the i-th layer injection amount, m 3 /d；h wj The head loss of the j-th layer, m; d is the diameter of the oil pipe, m; e (E) i Correcting the coefficient for the pulse water injection frequency;
calculating the injection quantity Q of the ith layer section in delta t i ：
For a separate injection well, the injection amount for each layer flow is expressed as:
Q i ＝V i Δt (11)。
in addition, establishing the pulsating water jet model includes: let the aperture of the water tap orifice in deltat be x, the flow area be A (x), the relation between the aperture of the water tap orifice and the flow area be:
the loss of the wellhead pulsating water injection tap is as follows:
combining formula (6) to obtain V i (x, t) and then at delta t The flow of the internal pulsation injection allocation device through the wellhead is as follows:
ΔQ 0 ＝A(x,t)×V i (x,t)×Δt (15)。
step 4: setting a pulsation injection monolayer-reservoir two-phase seepage model; establishing a basic seepage differential equation; dividing a pulsating water injection seepage area, and setting initial and boundary conditions; the oil-water front rate is determined.
It should be noted that, by comprehensively considering the pulsating cycle circulation water injection technology and the water flooding seepage theory, the seepage areas in each injection layer section are divided into a pure water area, an oil-water area and a pure oil area along the direction of the injection water flow according to the difference of water saturation. And deducing a pressure change curve in a seepage region and a water saturation change of a water drive front edge by using a water drive seepage theory. Finally, a water flooding front control target equation is established, and the injection speed and the injection quantity of each layer section are adjusted and optimized in a feedback mode, so that the wave and efficiency of each layered water flooding are improved, and the fine oil flooding effect is achieved. Based on the water flooding front moving speed caused by the water saturation change between the injection and production wells in the pulsating water injection process, the water breakthrough time of the pulsating periodic circulating water injection in the oil production well can be predicted, so that the on-off state of the interval water injection can be accurately determined, the purpose of fine water injection is improved, and the feasibility of the pulsating periodic circulating water injection mode in actual oilfield water injection and oil displacement is further verified.
It should be further noted that, setting the pulsation injection single-layer-reservoir two-phase seepage model includes:
a. irrespective of the influence of temperature on the oil-water action process of the low-permeability reservoir, the isothermal seepage rule is followed;
b. regardless of the compressibility of the reservoir porous medium and fluid temperature variation;
c. the flow process of the fluid in the porous medium follows the fidaxs percolation characteristics;
d. the fluid in the porous medium only comprises oil-water two phases;
e. consider the effect of capillary force and initiation pressure gradient on fluid movement in a porous medium.
Second, establishing a basic differential equation for seepage includes:
the continuous equation of the pulse water drive seepage is set as follows:
wherein phi is the porosity of the reservoir rock, f; s-saturation; v o -oil percolation speed, m/s; v w -water phase percolation speed, m/s; t-time, s.
Obtaining a water driving speed equation of water and oil phases through the formula (15) and the formula (6):
wherein, K is absolute permeability, md; k (K) ro -relative permeability of the oil phase fluid, dimensionless; k (K) rw -relative permeability of the aqueous fluid, dimensionless; mu (mu) o -viscosity of the oil phase fluid, pa.s; mu (mu) w -viscosity of the aqueous fluid, pa.s.
Combining equation (6) and equation (11) yields the auxiliary equation:
flow equation: q i ＝q o +q w (17)
Seepage equation: v i ＝v o +v w (18)
The water phase separation flow is as follows:
saturation equation: f (f) o +f w ＝1 (20)
Relative penetration:
capillary pressure equation: p is p c ＝p o -p w (22)。
Furthermore, the division and initial and boundary condition setting of the pulsating water injection and seepage zone comprise:
dividing the space between the water injection well and the oil extraction well into three areas: a water zone, an oil-water two-phase zone and an oil zone; FIG. 6 is a graph of oil-water area distribution.
The initial conditions of the percolation region are expressed as:
the boundary setting includes an inner boundary condition setting and an inner boundary condition setting;
the internal boundary conditions are: q i ＝q c ＝q cw +q co (24)
Wherein q i Pulsating layered injection of water quantity, m 3 /s；q c Pulsation stratification liquid sampling volume, m 3 /s；q cw Pulsating layered water intake, m 3 /s；q co -pulsating layered oil recovery, m 3 /s。
The internal boundary conditions are:
where N is the external normal direction of the N boundary of the percolation model.
In addition, determining the oil-water front rate includes:
according to the saturation distribution and the formula (18), setting:
the propagation speed of the saturation in the stratum and the saturation propulsion position determining formula are determined as follows:
in the middle ofTotal amount of infiltration for the two-phase region formation start (t=0) to infiltration time t; given a certain saturation SW, the distance that the saturation advances in time t is obtained by equation (29).
According to the law of conservation of matter, due to immersion X for a time Deltat 0 ～X f The total water amount in the range is equal to the increase in the saturation of water in the range, i.e.:
wherein S is wc -irreducible water saturation;
and obtaining a water saturation formula of the pulsating water flooding front edge:
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the water saturation distribution, wherein the water saturation Sw of the front of the water drive is obtained by a mapping method, and the position of the front of the water drive at any time is obtained by the equation (29):
it is worth to say that the invention establishes 1, 3, 5 water injection physical model and pulsating water injection well bottom pressure-water driving speed model, which provides theoretical basis for separate layer water injection, thus better adjusting flow and pressure in actual water injection, realizing intelligentization and refinement of separate layer water injection. The property evaluation and division of the pulsating water injection intervals can realize that the water injection intervals with different properties implement different water injection intensities; the water injection effect can be effectively identified by analyzing and evaluating the strong water injection effect and the weak water injection effect, so that the injection allocation accuracy is obviously improved. By establishing the pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and the pulsating water injection water nozzle model, the coupling flow of shaft pipe flow, nozzle throttling and stratum seepage in the actual water injection process can be better known, and the refined water injection is improved. And determining the oil-water front rate, and predicting the pulse on-off state according to the oil-water front rate in a pulse period circulating water injection mode, so as to realize real-time monitoring of water injection dynamics, realize real-time flow control and monitoring, and further improve the refined water injection level.
The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present invention are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for enhancing refined water injection in an oil recovery well, the method comprising:
building 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical models; based on the physical model of water injection 1, 3 and 5, building a bottom hole pressure-water driving speed model of the pulsating water injection well;
the building of the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical model comprises the following steps:
dividing a water injection interval into 6 intervals to obtain a pulse period circulation water injection physical model;
taking 'on 1h and off 3 h' as a working system, selecting and starting 1, 3 and 5 layers of sections of the pulse period circulation water injection physical model, and closing 2, 4 and 6 layers of sections to obtain the 1, 3 and 5 water injection physical model;
the building of the bottom hole pressure-water driving speed model of the pulsating water injection well comprises the following steps:
based on the divided physical models of water injection 1, 3 and 5, taking the injection quantity of the water injection well as an excitation input signal of an injection and production system, and taking the liquid production quantity of the oil production well as a response output signal of the injection and production system to obtain a bottom hole pressure change map of the injection well;
according to the principle of seepage mechanics, the pressure change caused by the independent operation of an injection well at any point in an oil reservoir system is expressed as:
wherein,
wherein Δpi is the pressure change of the ith layer section of the water injection well and Mpa; q i For the i-th interval injection amount, m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the k is the formation permeability, md; h is the reservoir thickness, m; mu is liquidViscosity of the body, 10pa·s; l is the injection well distance, m; t is injection time of a certain layer section, and h; e (E) i For the correction coefficient, alpha is a peak adjusting coefficient, and the value range is { -1, -2,0,1,2};
in the process of pulse period circulation water injection, the horizontal direction is set as the positive direction of injection, the interval injection speed is set as v, and the unit is m 3 V=v (x, t) for unstable flows, where x represents the horizontal distance from the center of the injection well wellhead to the center of the production well wellhead in m, so there is a=Δv/Δt, a + For injection acceleration during the peak rise of injection pressure, i.e. during the opening phase of a certain interval, a — For injection acceleration during the dip phase of injection pressure, i.e. during the closing phase of a certain interval, a is given in m 3 /h 2 ；
Setting the length from the start end to the end of the layer section pulsation injection allocation device as l and the unit as m; the impedance of the starting end and the terminating end caused by the impulse water injection transient impact are respectively as follows: z is Z 0 ，Z l The size is expressed as:
when the pressure at the beginning of the pulse injection device is t=0, the pressure change caused by opening or closing the injection layer section is deltap, namely p a +Δp, the boundary conditions at the start of the pulsating water injector are set as:
wherein S is the flow area of the pulsation injection distributor, and the unit is m 2 V is the water driving speed, and the unit is m/s;
the boundary conditions of the terminal are as follows:
wherein delta 0 Initial end pulsation coefficient delta of pulsation injection allocation device for layer section l Terminal pulsation coefficient of pulsation injection distributor for layer section, z when terminal is completely opened l ＝0,δ l = -1, z when the terminal is closed l ＝∞,δ l ＝1；
Dividing the injection well bottom hole pressure profile into a plurality of rectangular pressure responses for each step ΔP i The final bottom pressure of the water injection well, which changes along with the forward displacement x (the value range is 0-L) of the water drive and the time t, is changed along with the bottom pressure change P of the ith layer section of the water injection well, the injection speed v of the layer section, which changes along with the forward displacement x and the time t of the water drive, can be obtained by combining the superposition principle, and the bottom pressure-water drive speed model of the pulsating water injection well is obtained by the superposition principle;
performing pulsating water injection interval property evaluation and classification and strong and weak water injection effect analysis and evaluation;
establishing a pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and a pulsating water injection water nozzle model;
the building of the pulsating water injection wellbore tubular flow model comprises the following steps:
assuming that the water flow in the wellbore is laminar, the tubing is smooth to ignore frictional resistance, the fluid is incompressible and only gravity is considered, and the injected vertical tubing flow is expressed as:
wherein a is a kinetic energy correction coefficient, and α=2 for circular tube flow; h is a w Is head loss, m; v is the average flow rate, m/s; h is the height, m; p (P) 1 ，P 2 The flow pressure of the front and the rear of the water nozzle are respectively MPa; ρ is the density of water, kg.m －3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the g is gravity acceleration, m.s -2 ；H 1 ，H 2 The vertical heights of the layers and the sections are respectively m; v (V) 1 ，V 2 The flow rates of the wellhead at the front and the rear of the nozzle are m/s respectively;
for a pulse period cycle water injection mode, based on the established pulse period water injection physical model, combining the formula (1), and improving the formula (7):
calculating the head loss hw in the pulsating water injection pipe:
injecting water into the vertical well vertically flows along the oil pipe, the pressure loss in the oil pipe is calculated according to a circular pipe along-path pressure loss formula, and the pressure loss from the ground wellhead to the first water injection layer is as follows:
the inner path pressure loss of the oil pipe between the first layer and the second layer is as follows:
wherein Q is 0 For the injection flow rate of the whole well, m 3 /d；Q j For the i-th layer injection amount, m 3 /d；h wj The head loss of the j-th layer, m; d is the diameter of the oil pipe, m; e (E) i Correcting the coefficient for the pulse water injection frequency;
calculating the injection quantity Q of the ith layer section in delta t i ：
For a separate injection well, the injection amount of each layer flow is expressed as:
Q i ＝V i Δt (11)；
the building of the pulsating water injection nozzle model comprises the following steps:
let the aperture of the water tap orifice in deltat be x, the flow area be A (x), the relation between the aperture of the water tap orifice and the flow area be:
the loss of the wellhead pulsating water injection tap is as follows:
combining the formula (6) to obtain V i (x, t) and then at delta t The flow of the internal pulsation injection allocation device through the wellhead is as follows:
ΔQ 0 ＝A(x,t)×V i (x,t)×Δt (14)；
setting a pulsation injection monolayer-reservoir two-phase seepage model; establishing a basic seepage differential equation; dividing a pulsating water injection seepage area, and setting initial and boundary conditions; determining the oil-water front rate;
the set pulse injection monolayer-reservoir two-phase seepage model comprises the following steps:
a. irrespective of the influence of temperature on the oil-water action process of the low-permeability reservoir, the isothermal seepage rule is followed;
b. regardless of the compressibility of the reservoir porous medium and fluid temperature variation;
c. the flow process of the fluid in the porous medium follows the fidaxs percolation characteristics;
d. the fluid in the porous medium only comprises oil-water two phases;
e. consider the effect of capillary force and initiation pressure gradient on fluid movement in a porous medium.
The determining the oil-water front rate includes:
according to the saturation distribution and the equation (18), setting:
the propagation speed of the saturation in the stratum and the saturation propulsion position determining formula are determined as follows:
in the middle ofTotal amount of infiltration for the two-phase region formation start (t=0) to infiltration time t; given a certain saturation S W Obtaining the distance of the saturation advancing in the time t through the formula (29);
according to the law of conservation of matter, due to immersion X for a time Deltat 0 ～X f The total water amount in the range is equal to the increase in the saturation of water in the range, i.e.:
wherein S is wc -irreducible water saturation;
and obtaining a water saturation formula of the pulsating water flooding front edge:
the water saturation Sw of the water drive front is obtained by a mapping method, and the position of the pulse water drive front at any moment is obtained by the formula (29) after the water saturation Sw is obtained:
controlling the self-adaptive adjustment of flow and pressure through the pulsating water injection well bottom pressure-water drive speed model; through the evaluation and division of the properties of the pulsating water injection intervals and the analysis and evaluation of the strong water injection effect and the weak water injection effect, different water injection intensities are implemented on water injection intervals with different properties, and the water injection effect is identified; knowing the coupling flow of the shaft pipe flow, the water nozzle throttling and the stratum seepage in the water injection process through the pulsating water injection shaft pipe flow model and the pulsating water injection nozzle model; and predicting the pulsation on-off state through the oil-water front rate, so as to realize real-time monitoring of water injection dynamics and realize real-time flow control and monitoring.
2. The method for improving refined water injection of an oil well according to claim 1, wherein,
the establishing of the basic seepage differential equation comprises the following steps:
the continuous equation of the pulse water drive seepage is set as follows:
wherein,-reservoir rock porosity, f; s-saturation; v o -oil percolation speed, m/s; v w -water phase percolation speed, m/s; t-time, s;
obtaining a water-driving speed equation of water and oil phases through the formula (15) and the formula (6):
wherein, K is absolute permeability, md; k (K) ro -relative permeability of the oil phase fluid, dimensionless; k (K) rw -relative permeability of the aqueous fluid, dimensionless; mu (mu) o -viscosity of the oil phase fluid, pa.s; mu (mu) w -viscosity of the aqueous fluid, pa.s;
combining the equation (6) and the equation (11) yields an auxiliary equation:
flow equation: q i ＝q o +q w (17)
Seepage equation: v i ＝v o +v w (18)
The water phase separation flow is as follows:
saturation equation: f (f) o +f w ＝1 (20)
Relative penetration:
capillary pressure equation: p is p c ＝p o -p w (22)。
3. The method for improving refined water injection of an oil well according to claim 1, wherein the dividing and initializing the pulsating water injection zone and setting the boundary conditions comprise:
dividing the space between the water injection well and the oil extraction well into three areas: a water zone, an oil-water two-phase zone and an oil zone;
the initial conditions of the seepage area are expressed as follows:
the boundary setting comprises an inner boundary condition setting and an inner boundary condition setting;
the internal boundary conditions are: q i ＝q c ＝q cw +q co (24)
Wherein q i Pulsating layered injection of water quantity, m 3 /s；q c Pulsation stratification liquid sampling volume, m 3 /s；q cw Pulsating layered water intake, m 3 /s；q co -pulsating layered oil recovery, m 3 /s；
The internal boundary conditions are:
where N is the external normal direction of the N boundary of the percolation model.
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