CN115977601A - Temporary plugging fracturing process method combining multi-density temporary plugging balls - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temporary plugging fracturing process method of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combination. Setting the density of the fracturing fluid to be rho kg/m 3 The density of the temporary plugging balls is defined to be higher than that of the fracturing fluid to be high density by taking the density of the fracturing fluid as a reference, and a certain number of temporary plugging balls with different densities such as high density, medium density, low density and the like are respectively prepared to plug the lower perforation, the middle perforation and the upper perforation. When the temporary plugging fracturing construction operation is carried out, the temporary plugging balls with different densities are combined for ball injection, and the concrete combination mode comprises five combination modes of same density, high and low density, high and medium density, medium and low density and high, medium and low density. The invention can meet the plugging of holes in different stratums and different directions by designing the combination form of temporary plugging balls with different densities and different quantities, and generates the maximum pressure in a target layer, thereby realizing the high-efficiency fracturing of an oil and gas reservoir and increasing the benefit of oil and gas exploitation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of yield increase of fractured oil and gas fields of horizontal wells, in particular to a temporary plugging fracturing process of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combination, which is a method for plugging holes in different stratums and different directions.
Background
The resource of unconventional oil gas is rich in China, the development of unconventional oil gas reservoirs is the main development direction, the unconventional oil gas reservoirs have the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability, but the exploration and development difficulty is high, the development of cracks is unbalanced due to the difference of perforation shunting after the clustering perforation staged fracturing process, and the extending depth of partial cracks is insufficient, so that the oil gas exploitation amount can be influenced.
In the process of oil and gas exploitation, along with the continuous improvement of fracturing technology, the fractured target layer of an oil and gas well becomes more and more complex. In the early fracturing stage, the pipe column is directly extended into the horizontal well to perform perforation fracturing. The fracturing is much less effective, mainly expressed in that the surface pump pressure is constant and the pressure entering the pipe string is constant, but the fracturing of a plurality of perforations is carried out simultaneously, so that the pressure of each perforation is smaller, and further expressed in that the fractured stratum fractures are shallow in extension depth and narrow in width.
Based on the defect, the fracturing technology is further improved, the bridge plug is adopted for cluster perforation staged fracturing, and the fracturing effect is obviously improved. However, the bridge plug itself has the disadvantages of easy drilling sticking, very high economic cost, and the like.
The fracturing ball-throwing temporary blocking technology is an important method for improving the unconventional oil and gas exploitation yield, and is widely applied to the oil and gas exploitation industry due to the advantages of simple process, good sealing performance, low economic cost and the like. The gravity ball is further adopted to plug the holes to achieve the same purpose as the bridge plug, but the gravity ball has the defect that the gravity ball can only plug the holes at the lower part, but can not achieve the purpose for the holes at the middle part and the upper part.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a temporary plugging and fracturing process method combining a multi-density temporary plugging ball. The invention can meet the perforation plugging of different stratums and different directions, thereby reducing the loss of pumping pressure as much as possible, generating the maximum pressure in a target layer, further performing staged fracturing, ensuring that the fracturing fracture of the target layer has the deepest extension depth and the widest width, efficiently exploiting deep oil and gas wells, and improving the yield of a single well.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a temporary plugging and fracturing process method combining a multi-density temporary plugging ball comprises the following steps:
a. firstly, designing the density of a fracturing fluid for reservoir reconstruction as rho kg/m 3 Designing the number and the orientation of perforations needing fracturing temporary plugging in a horizontal shaft, wherein the perforation orientation comprises an upper part, a middle part and a lower part;
b. then, according to the number and the orientation of the perforations needing temporary plugging, the density and the number of the temporary plugging balls are designed;
c. defining that the density of the temporary plugging balls is higher than that of the fracturing fluid as high density by taking the density of the fracturing fluid as reference, and respectively preparing a certain number of temporary plugging balls with different densities such as high density, medium density, low density and the like;
d. determining the combination form of temporary plugging balls with different densities to be put into a shaft according to the perforation position needing temporary plugging;
e. in the process of ball injection, the quantity and the proportion of the temporary plugging balls with different densities can be properly adjusted according to the effect of a fracturing construction curve.
In the step b, the positions needing temporary plugging comprise an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, the density of the temporary plugging balls is required to be low density, medium density and high density, and the number of the temporary plugging balls is 1.2 times that of the holes needing temporary plugging.
In the step c, the density of the fracturing fluid is taken as a reference, the density of the temporary plugging ball depends on the density of the fracturing fluid, and the specific values of different fracturing fluids relative to different temporary plugging balls are different, namely the density grades are different.
In step d, determining the perforation position needing temporary plugging comprisesThe upper part, the middle part and the lower part, so that the mode of determining the combination of the temporary plugging balls with multiple densities is high, medium and low densities, namely, respectively putting the temporary plugging balls with multiple densities into the temporary plugging balls with the high, medium and low densities of 0.7 rho kg/m which can be automatically degraded 3 、0.9ρkg/m 3 、1.1ρkg/m 3 And 1.3. Rho.kg/m 3 And the temporary plugging balls with different densities. The low-density temporary plugging ball is mainly used for temporarily plugging an upper eyelet, the medium-density temporary plugging ball is mainly used for temporarily plugging a middle eyelet, and the high-density temporary plugging ball is mainly used for temporarily plugging a lower eyelet.
In the step e, if the fracturing curve cannot reach the designed fracture pressure, the temporary blocking ball pitching proportion of different density combinations is adjusted, and then the ball is additionally pitched.
In the step e, after the first section of blocking is finished, performing clustering perforation of the second section, wherein the perforation of the first section is completely blocked by the temporary blocking balls with different densities, so that the pressure loss of the second section of clustering perforation performed by ground pumping pressure is the smallest as possible, the maximum pumping pressure is reached, the deepest and the largest cracks are generated in the stratum, and the step d is further repeated to finish the clustering perforation staged fracturing of the second section.
In the step e, after the second-stage clustering perforation staged fracturing is completed, the relevant operations of [0018] are repeated again to plug the perforation holes of the third stage, and then the subsequent clustering perforation staged fracturing and hole plugging of each stage are repeated, so that the perforation and fracturing construction operation of the whole well is completed.
In the method, the rated working temperature is normal temperature, the rated working pressure is 0.9-9 MPa, 6 perforations are arranged in each cluster, and the distance between the perforations is 50mm.
In the step e, the adopted multi-density temporary blocking ball combination mode is high, medium and low density, the number of the balls thrown in each cluster is 2 low-density balls, the two medium-density balls are 3 balls thrown in each cluster, and the high-density balls are 2 balls thrown in each cluster.
The invention has the advantages that:
compared with the conventional temporary plugging technology of fracturing and ball throwing, the temporary plugging device improves the condition that only the lower eyelet can be plugged by plugging the eyelet only by using the gravity ball, and the middle eyelet and the upper eyelet are difficult to plug.
The invention improves the fracturing effect: through the clustering perforation staged fracturing process and the temporary plugging of different clustering perforations by the temporary plugging balls with different density combinations, each perforation section can be ensured to be sufficiently fractured, deeper and larger cracks can be further extended, and the productivity of a single well is improved.
The invention has the advantages that the temporary plugging and fracturing method of the multi-density temporary plugging ball combination is adopted to temporarily plug the perforation, and the perforation plugging of different stratums and different directions can be met, so that the pumping pressure loss is reduced as much as possible, the maximum pressure is generated in the target layer, and further, the staged fracturing is realized, the extension depth and the width of the fracturing crack of the target layer are deepest, meanwhile, the process is simple, the sealing performance is good, the economic cost is very low, and the benefit of oil and gas exploitation can be further increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1-3 are a three-dimensional front view, a top view and a left view of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combined temporary plugging hole, respectively.
Fig. 4-6 are two-dimensional front, top and left views, respectively, of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combined temporary plugging perforation.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram comparing a gravity ball temporarily blocked perforation hole with a multi-density temporarily blocked perforation hole combined temporarily. Wherein, FIG. 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of a gravity ball temporarily plugging a perforation; FIG. 7 (b) is a schematic diagram of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combination temporary plugging perforation.
FIG. 8 isbase:Sub>A sectional view of the multi-density temporary plugging ball combined temporary plugging of section A-A.
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combined temporary plug of section B-B.
Labeled as: 1. a sleeve; 2. perforating; 3. perforating holes; 4. a low-density degradable temporary plugging ball; 5-6, a medium-density degradable temporary plugging ball; 7. high-density degradable temporary plugging balls.
Detailed Description
Example one
A temporary plugging and fracturing process method combining a multi-density temporary plugging ball comprises the following steps:
a. firstly, designing the density of fracturing fluid for reservoir reconstruction as rho kg/m 3 Design of horizontal well boreThe number and the position of the perforation of the fracturing temporary plug are determined, and the perforation position comprises an upper part, a middle part and a lower part;
b. then, designing the density and the number of the temporary plugging balls according to the number and the orientation of the perforations needing temporary plugging;
c. defining that the density of the temporary plugging balls is higher than that of the fracturing fluid as high density by taking the density of the fracturing fluid as reference, and respectively preparing a certain number of temporary plugging balls with different densities such as high density, medium density, low density and the like;
d. determining the combination form of temporary plugging balls with different densities to be put into a shaft according to the perforation position needing temporary plugging;
e. in the process of ball injection, the quantity and the proportion of the temporary plugging balls with different densities can be properly adjusted according to the effect of a fracturing construction curve.
In the step b, the positions needing temporary plugging comprise an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, the density of the temporary plugging balls is required to be low density, medium density and high density, and the number of the temporary plugging balls is 1.2 times that of the holes needing temporary plugging.
In the step c, the density of the fracturing fluid is taken as a reference, the density of the temporary plugging ball depends on the density of the fracturing fluid, and the specific values of different fracturing fluids relative to different temporary plugging balls are different, namely the density grades are different.
In the step d, the perforation positions needing temporary plugging are determined to comprise the upper part, the middle part and the lower part, so that the mode of determining the combination of the temporary plugging balls with multiple densities is high, medium and low densities, namely, the temporary plugging balls are respectively thrown into the temporary plugging balls with the multiple densities of 0.7 rho kg/m and can be automatically degraded 3 、0.9ρkg/m 3 、1.1ρkg/m 3 And 1.3. Rho.kg/m 3 And the temporary plugging balls with different densities. The low-density temporary plugging ball is mainly used for temporarily plugging an upper eyelet, the medium-density temporary plugging ball is mainly used for temporarily plugging a middle eyelet, and the high-density temporary plugging ball is mainly used for temporarily plugging a lower eyelet.
In the step e, if the fracturing curve cannot reach the designed fracture pressure, the temporary blocking ball pitching proportion of different density combinations is adjusted, and then the ball is additionally pitched.
In the step e, after the first section of blocking is finished, performing clustering perforation of the second section, wherein the perforation of the first section is completely blocked by the temporary blocking balls with different densities, so that the pressure loss of the second section of clustering perforation performed by ground pumping pressure is the smallest as possible, the maximum pumping pressure is reached, the deepest and the largest cracks are generated in the stratum, and the step d is further repeated to finish the clustering perforation staged fracturing of the second section.
And in the step e, after the second-section clustering perforation staged fracturing is completed, the related operation of [0043] is repeated again to plug the perforation hole of the third section, and then the subsequent clustering perforation staged fracturing and hole plugging of each section are repeated, so that the perforation and fracturing construction operation of the whole well is completed.
In the method, the rated working temperature is normal temperature, the rated working pressure is 0.9-9 MPa, 6 perforations are arranged in each cluster, and the distance between the perforations is 50mm.
In the step e, the combination mode of the pitching with different densities is high, medium and low densities, the pitching number of each cluster is 2 pitching with low density, the pitching number of two kinds of medium density is 3 pitching with low density, and the pitching number of high density is 2 pitching with high density.
Example two
The other contents of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, except that: the charged multi-density degradable temporary plugging ball can be not limited to the density of the temporary plugging ball in the first embodiment. 0.7 rho kg/m 3 、0.9ρkg/m 3 、1.1ρkg/m 3 And 1.3. Rho.kg/m 3 And the temporary plugging balls with different densities can be replaced by temporary plugging balls with lower density, moderate density and higher density, namely, the density ratio of the temporary plugging balls to the fracturing fluid is changed, and perforation holes of different stratums and different directions are plugged as much as possible so as to achieve better fracturing effect.
The technical method for increasing the yield of the horizontal well fractured oil-gas field, provided by the invention, not only changes the density of the temporary plugging balls so as to optimize the density ratio of the temporary plugging balls to the fracturing fluid, but also can combine the temporary plugging balls with different densities. And (4) temporarily plugging the perforations of different stratums and different directions in a multi-density temporary plugging ball combination mode according to a reservoir structure. Besides the combination mode, the number of the bowling balls can be optimized. Meanwhile, the interval between the segment clusters, the interval between the perforations, the number of single cluster perforations and the like can be optimized. On the basis of meeting the fracturing requirement of a target layer, 6 perforations are arranged in each cluster, the distance between the perforations is 50mm, and the pumping pressure of a single perforation can be improved by changing the distance between the perforations into the distance between single-cluster perforations, the distance between the perforations is larger, the distance between segment clusters is larger and the like. And then the perforation holes are plugged by putting the temporary plugging balls with different densities into different combination modes, the bright point lies in that the temporary plugging balls with different densities can plug the holes in different stratums and different directions, the holes are plugged as many as possible, the loss of pump pressure is reduced, deeper and larger perforations are obtained, deeper and larger stratum cracks are obtained by further fracturing crack extension through a propping agent, oil gas in the deeper stratum is exploited, the yield of a single well is improved, the total recovery ratio is improved, and the maximum economic benefit is generated.
For the technicians in the field, the invention is obviously based on the application of the multi-density degradable temporary plugging ball in the yield increasing technology of the horizontal well fracturing oil and gas field in different combination modes. The embodiments mentioned above are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (8)
1. A temporary plugging and fracturing process method combining a multi-density temporary plugging ball is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, designing the density of fracturing fluid for reservoir reconstruction as rho kg/m 3 Designing the number and the orientation of perforations needing fracturing temporary plugging in a horizontal shaft, wherein the perforation orientation comprises an upper part, a middle part and a lower part;
(2) then, according to the number and the orientation of the perforations needing temporary plugging, the density and the number of the temporary plugging balls are designed;
(3) defining that the density of the temporary plugging balls is higher than that of the fracturing fluid as high density by taking the density of the fracturing fluid as reference, and respectively preparing a certain number of temporary plugging balls with different densities such as high density, medium density, low density and the like;
(4) determining the combination form of temporary plugging balls with different densities to be put into a shaft according to the perforation position needing temporary plugging;
(5) in the ball throwing process, the number ratio of the temporary plugging balls with different densities can be properly adjusted according to the fracturing construction curve effect.
2. The temporary plugging fracturing process method of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the perforation position of the horizontal shaft needing temporary plugging meets the design of dense-cutting multi-cluster perforation temporary plugging fracturing, and the temporary plugging perforation position can be the upper part, the lower part or the middle part of the horizontal shaft independently, or the upper part and the middle part, the upper part and the lower part, the middle part and the lower part and all temporary plugging.
3. The temporary plugging fracturing process method of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temporary plugging ball is made of a material capable of being automatically degraded, and degradation and blockage removal are carried out by pumping degradation liquid after temporary plugging is finished.
4. The temporary plugging fracturing process method of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temporary plugging balls are spherical balls made of elastic materials, and the number of the temporary plugging balls is 1.2 times that of the temporary plugging holes.
5. The temporary plugging fracturing process method of a combination of temporary plugging balls with multiple densities according to claim 1, characterized in that: and by taking the density of the fracturing fluid as a reference, designing the density of the temporary plugging ball to be higher than that of the fracturing fluid to be high density, the density of the temporary plugging ball to be equivalent to that of the fracturing fluid to be medium density, and the density of the temporary plugging ball to be lower than that of the fracturing fluid to be low density, and respectively designing the temporary plugging balls with different densities such as high density, medium density, low density and the like.
6. The temporary plugging fracturing process method of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combination according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that: the combination modes of the temporary plugging balls with different densities are various, and the combination mode of the temporary plugging balls with multiple densities can be selected during ball shooting according to a reservoir transformation target and the position of an eyelet needing to be plugged, and generally comprises five combination modes of the same density, high and low densities, high and medium densities, medium and low densities and high and medium and low densities.
7. The temporary plugging fracturing process method of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the shots of the temporary plugging balls with different densities is determined according to the number of the perforations of different stratums and different directions. The input quantity of the temporary plugging balls is 1.2 times of the total number of the stratum and the azimuth perforation. That is, if there are 2 perforations on the top, the number of the temporary blocking balls shot in low density is 3, and the number of the shot in the perforations in other directions is the same as the above.
8. The temporary plugging fracturing process method of a multi-density temporary plugging ball combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: if the fracturing curve does not reach the designed fracture pressure in the ball throwing fracturing process, the temporary plugging ball proportion of different density combinations can be adjusted to perform supplementary ball throwing.
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2022
- 2022-11-27 CN CN202211495614.2A patent/CN115977601A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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