CN113834952B - Device and method for realizing object acceleration measurement based on amorphous wire GSI effect - Google Patents
Device and method for realizing object acceleration measurement based on amorphous wire GSI effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN113834952B CN113834952B CN202111112169.2A CN202111112169A CN113834952B CN 113834952 B CN113834952 B CN 113834952B CN 202111112169 A CN202111112169 A CN 202111112169A CN 113834952 B CN113834952 B CN 113834952B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for realizing acceleration measurement of an object based on amorphous wire GSI effect, wherein the device comprises the following steps: a mechanical connection unit, a sensor unit, a circuit unit; the sensor units are symmetrically arranged on two opposite sides of the mechanical connection unit respectively, and the sensor units are arranged in a linear arrangement manner and connected with the mechanical connection unit; the mechanical connection unit is used for sensing the change of acceleration and transmitting the change of acceleration to the sensor unit; the circuit unit is respectively connected with the sensor unit and is used for supplying power to the sensor unit, collecting signals and processing data and outputting the value of the acceleration; the sensor unit is based on amorphous wire GSI effect. The invention overcomes the defects of high manufacturing cost, heavy weight and large volume of the traditional acceleration measuring device, realizes high precision and light weight, and simultaneously effectively reduces the volume.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a device and a method for realizing acceleration measurement of an object based on amorphous wire GSI effect.
Background
Currently, acceleration measuring devices commonly used in the measuring field are conventional sensing elements represented by quartz flexible accelerometers. Structurally comprises a yoke made of soft magnetic materials, magnetic steel made of permanent magnetic materials, a flexible sheet made of quartz glass with excellent temperature performance and a coil for providing a uniform magnetic field. The device has better stability and measurement accuracy, but has higher manufacturing cost and larger volume and weight.
The amorphous wire is a filiform amorphous alloy with a diameter of tens of micrometers, is a novel metal material with high magnetic conductivity and high electric conductivity, and is also a soft magnetic material. Based on the characteristics of the amorphous wire, the amorphous wire is mainly applied to the design and manufacture of devices such as magnetic sensors, micro-vibration detectors and the like, and has a narrow application field. At present, no precedent for applying the amorphous wire to measurement in other fields exists, so that the amorphous wire has a wide application prospect in the field of precise instruments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring acceleration of an object based on amorphous wire GSI effect, which are used for measuring the acceleration of a moving carrier.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for measuring acceleration of an object based on GSI effect of amorphous wires, comprising: a mechanical connection unit, a sensor unit, a circuit unit;
the sensor units are symmetrically arranged on two opposite sides of the mechanical connection unit respectively, and the sensor units are arranged in a linear arrangement manner and connected with the mechanical connection unit;
the mechanical connection unit is used for sensing the change of acceleration and transmitting the change of acceleration to the sensor unit;
the circuit unit is respectively connected with the sensor unit and is used for supplying power to the sensor unit, collecting signals and processing data and outputting the value of the acceleration;
the sensor unit is based on amorphous wire GSI effect.
According to one aspect of the invention, the sensor unit comprises: the sensor is circumferentially arranged on the power-on coil and the locking block outside the sensor;
one end of the sensor is connected with the mechanical connecting unit, and the other end of the sensor is connected with the locking block;
the sensor is a linear sensor comprising: an amorphous wire part and a wire part coaxially connected with the amorphous wire part;
the wire parts are arranged at two opposite ends of the amorphous wire part and are fixedly connected with the end parts of the amorphous wire part respectively;
the amorphous wire part is positioned in the power-on coil and is coaxially arranged, and the length of the amorphous wire part is smaller than the axial length of the power-on coil;
the energizing coil provides a constant magnetic field for the sensor in an energized state.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the wire part is a metal wire or a composite structure wire;
if the wire part is a composite structure wire, the method comprises the following steps: an intermediate conductor, a connection portion;
the connecting part is of a hard tubular structure with openings at two ends;
the middle conductor is a metal wire, one end of the middle conductor is coaxially connected with the connecting part through an insulating structure, and the rest part of the middle conductor and the connecting part are arranged at intervals;
if the wire part is a metal wire, one end is coaxially connected with the amorphous wire part, and the other end is fixedly connected with the mechanical connection unit or the locking block respectively;
if the lead part is a composite structure lead, one end of the connecting part, which is connected with the middle lead, is coaxially connected with the amorphous wire part, and the other end of the connecting part is fixedly connected with the mechanical connecting unit or the locking block respectively.
According to one aspect of the invention, the mechanical connection unit comprises: a slider and a rail for sensing acceleration and converting the acceleration into inertial force;
the sliding block is in sliding connection with the guide rail, and the sliding direction of the sliding block coincides with the axial direction of the sensor;
the sliding block is fixedly connected with the end part of the wire part of the sensor;
when the sliding block is at rest, the amorphous wire part of the sensor is loaded with tensile stress through the locking block;
when the static state of the sliding block is changed, the tensile stress loaded by the amorphous wire part of the sensor is changed.
According to an aspect of the invention, the circuit unit comprises: an excitation circuit, a detection circuit and a coil driving circuit;
the exciting circuit is used for generating GSI effect to provide high-frequency alternating current for the amorphous wire part of the sensor;
the detection circuit is used for extracting voltage signals at two ends of the amorphous wire part and filtering high-frequency signals in the voltage signals to obtain low-frequency signals generated by the amorphous wire part under the changing tensile stress;
the detection circuit amplifies the low-frequency signal and is used for measuring the change of the impedance of the amorphous wire part;
the coil driving circuit is a constant current source and is used for providing constant current for the electrified coil so that the magnetic field in the electrified coil reaches the optimal working point of the amorphous wire part.
According to one aspect of the invention, a feedback device is further arranged in the coil driving circuit;
the feedback device is arranged at the input end of the operational amplifier forming the constant current source, is connected with the grounding end, receives an external magnetic field in real time and is used for removing an external magnetic field component from a magnetic field formed by the electrified coil.
According to one aspect of the invention, the amorphous wire portion of the sensor satisfies:
when the external magnetic field intensity of the amorphous wire part and the frequency of the current flowing through the amorphous wire part are unchanged, along with the increase of tensile stress, the impedance change rate of the amorphous wire part under each current intensity is in a process of increasing first and then decreasing second, and under different current intensities, the peak values of the impedance change rate are different, but the deviation between the tensile stress corresponding to different peak points is in a preset range; or,
when the external magnetic field intensity of the amorphous wire part and the intensity of the current flowing through the amorphous wire part are unchanged, along with the increase of tensile stress, the impedance change rate under each current frequency is in a process of increasing first and then decreasing second, and under different electromagnetic frequencies, the peak values of the impedance change rate are different, but the deviation between the tensile stress corresponding to different peak points is in a preset range; or,
when the current intensity and the current frequency of the amorphous wire part are unchanged, the impedance change rate under each tensile stress is in a process of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the intensity of the external magnetic field, and under different tensile stresses, the peak values of the impedance change rate are different, but the intensity of the external magnetic field corresponding to different peak points is different; or,
under a constant electromagnetic environment, the magnetostriction coefficient of the amorphous wire part is positive, and the impedance of the amorphous wire part is increased along with the increase of the external stress; or,
under a constant electromagnetic environment, the magnetostriction coefficient of the amorphous wire part is negative, and the impedance of the amorphous wire part is reduced along with the increase of the external stress.
According to one aspect of the invention, the current frequency of the optimal working point of the amorphous wire part of the sensor is larger than or equal to 20MHz, and the current intensity of the optimal working point is larger than or equal to 20mA;
the circuit unit controls the magnetic field intensity generated by the energizing coil to be more than or equal to 200A/m.
According to one aspect of the invention, when the slider is at rest, the amorphous wire portion of the sensor is loaded with a tensile stress greater than or equal to 20Mpa and less than 1000Mpa.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for measuring acceleration of an object based on the GSI effect of amorphous wires, which is implemented by the above device, comprising the following steps:
s1, fixedly mounting the mechanical connection unit on a carrier, connecting a sensor in a sensor unit with the mechanical connection unit, applying a preset tensile stress to the sensor by a locking block in the sensor unit and the carrier, and connecting the sensor unit with the circuit unit;
s2, applying a magnetic field to a sensor through an electrified coil of the sensor unit, providing high-frequency alternating current for the sensor, calibrating parameters of the sensor based on the magnetic field and the high-frequency alternating current, and determining the corresponding relation between voltage signals and acceleration at two ends of the sensor;
s3, the carrier moves, the sliding block of the mechanical connection unit generates corresponding inertial force, so that axial tensile stress on the sensor changes, and the sensor generates impedance change based on GSI effect under the magnetic field;
s4, acquiring voltage signals of the sensor through a circuit unit, calculating corresponding real-time acceleration based on the voltage signals and the corresponding relation, and outputting the real-time acceleration.
According to the scheme of the invention, the defects of high manufacturing cost, heavy weight and large volume of the traditional acceleration measuring device are overcome, and the high-precision and light weight are realized while the volume is effectively reduced.
According to the scheme of the invention, through the arrangement, the acceleration measuring device realizes a structure with single-axis double amorphous wires symmetrically arranged, and the synchronous tensile stress change of a plurality of amorphous wires is realized in a symmetrical distribution mode, so that the acceleration measuring device is beneficial to ensuring the measuring precision of the acceleration measuring device. In addition, the structure arranged symmetrically has simple structure and small volume.
According to the scheme of the invention, the GSI effect of the amorphous wire is excited by constructing a specific electromagnetic environment, and when the acceleration of the carrier is changed, the change can be further transmitted to the amorphous wire to realize the change of tensile stress, and further the acceleration of the carrier can be calculated in real time by measuring the change of a high-frequency signal flowing through the amorphous wire and utilizing the corresponding relation, so that the response speed and the measurement instantaneity of the invention in the use process are ensured.
According to one scheme of the invention, the acceleration measuring device is manufactured by using the novel material of the amorphous wire, replaces a traditional sensitive element, and has lower cost compared with a quartz flexible accelerometer. Meanwhile, the amorphous wire has sensitive electromagnetic characteristics, so that the invention can ensure good measurement accuracy.
According to one scheme of the invention, the structure of each part of the acceleration measuring device is simple, and the acceleration measuring device can be placed on an integrated circuit board, so that the volume of the acceleration measuring device is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the problem of adopting a large number of metal structures is effectively reduced, the overall weight is reduced, and electromagnetic interference among all parts is effectively avoided.
According to the scheme of the invention, the additional prestress is generated on the amorphous wire through the prestress unit formed by the locking blocks, so that the amorphous wire is kept in a range with larger impedance change rate, and the GSI effect is ensured to be obvious; the tensile stress which is consistent with the change direction of the external acceleration component and is relevant to the external acceleration component is applied to the amorphous wire through the variable stress unit, and the tensile stress is transmitted through the sliding block-guide rail structure, so that the magnitude of the acceleration component is measured. If the device is arranged in three orthogonal axial directions of the three-dimensional space, the components of the carrier acceleration in the three axial directions can be measured, and the carrier acceleration to be measured is obtained.
According to the scheme of the invention, under the condition of controlling the variable, the impedance change rate of the amorphous wire part of the sensor can be a regular change process, so that the amorphous wire part is convenient to calibrate and obtain the optimal working performance, and the operation performance and the measurement accuracy of the sensor are better.
According to the scheme of the invention, the amorphous wire part of the sensor can be at an optimal working point through the set current frequency, current intensity and magnetic field intensity, so that the measuring accuracy and measuring sensitivity of the sensor are higher.
According to one embodiment of the invention, two symmetrical sensor modules are provided in order to ensure that the acceleration with direction is detected when the slide moves in two directions. When the acceleration of the carrier changes, the sliding block moves towards one of the sensor modules, the stress of the amorphous wire part of the sliding block, which is close to the sensor module, is reduced, the stress of the amorphous wire part of the other sensor module is increased, the voltages on the two amorphous wire parts are changed along with the stress, and the direction of the obtained acceleration can be calculated through voltage difference.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an apparatus for performing acceleration measurement of an object based on amorphous wire GSI effect according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural view schematically showing a wire part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart schematically showing an apparatus for realizing acceleration measurement of an object based on the GSI effect of amorphous wires according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer" and the like are used in terms of orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, rather than to indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and thus the above terms should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, which are not described in detail herein, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for measuring acceleration of an object based on GSI effect of amorphous wires of the present invention includes: a mechanical connection unit 11, a sensor unit 12, and a circuit unit 13 for powering the sensor unit 12, signal acquisition and data processing. In the present embodiment, the mechanical connection unit 11 includes: the sliding block 111 and the guide rail 112 are connected with the sliding block 111 in a sliding mode, and are used for sensing acceleration, converting the acceleration into inertial force and transmitting the inertial force to the sensor unit 12 to achieve measurement of the acceleration by the sensor unit 12. In the present embodiment, two sensor units 12 are provided, symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of the mechanical connection unit 11, respectively, and the sensor units 12 are disposed in a linear arrangement connected to the slider 111 in the mechanical connection unit 11; at this time, the sliding direction of the slider 111 coincides with the axial direction of the sensor 121, so that the change of the acceleration sensed by the mechanical connection unit 11 is accurately and effectively conducted to the sensor unit 12.
In the present embodiment, after the sensor unit 12 is connected to the mechanical connection unit 11, the sensor unit 12, the mechanical connection unit 11, and the other sensor unit 12 are arranged in order linearly. In the present embodiment, the sensor units 12 are symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of the slider 111. In the present embodiment, the circuit unit 13 is connected to the sensor unit 12, respectively, for supplying power to the sensor unit 12, collecting signals and processing data, and outputting the value of the acceleration.
In the present embodiment, the sensor unit 12 is a sensor unit based on the amorphous wire GSI effect.
In the present embodiment, the mechanical connection unit 11, the sensor unit 12 and the circuit unit 13 may be integrated on the same wiring board.
As shown in fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the sensor unit 12 includes: a sensor 121, an energizing coil 122 and a lock block 123 disposed around the outside of the sensor 121. In the present embodiment, the sensor 121 has one end connected to the mechanical connection unit 11 and the other end connected to the locking block 123. In the present embodiment, the sensor 121 is a linear sensor, which includes: an amorphous wire portion 1211 and a wire portion 1212 coaxially provided with the amorphous wire portion 1211; wherein the wire portions 1212 are provided at opposite ends of the amorphous wire portion 1211, and fixedly connected to ends of the amorphous wire portion 1211, respectively. In this embodiment, the wire portion 1212 functions to conduct electricity to the amorphous wire portion 1211 and apply tensile stress. Further, the sensor 121 may be fixedly connected to the end of the lead portion 1212. In the present embodiment, the amorphous wire portion 1211 is coaxially disposed within the energizing coil 122. In this embodiment, the energizing coil 122 may be wound on a cylindrical plastic sleeve with a regular and smooth surface, so as to stably support the energizing coil 122, so that the energizing coil 122 provides a constant magnetic field for the sensor 121 over time in the energized state.
In the present embodiment, the sensor unit 12 is provided with a corresponding tensile stress (i.e., prestress) by the fixing of the locking block 123.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the ends of the wire portion 1212 of the sensor 121 are fixedly connected to the mechanical connection unit 11 and the locking block 123, respectively. In the present embodiment, when the slider 111 of the mechanical connection unit 11 is at rest, the amorphous wire portion 1211 of the sensor 121 is preloaded with a set tensile stress by the lock block 123; when the slider 111 of the mechanical connection unit 11 senses an external acceleration change to change the static state, the tensile stress applied to the amorphous wire portion 1211 of the sensor 121 is changed by the inertial force generated by the slider 111. In the present embodiment, the mounting position of the lock block 123 is fixed, and the position of the lock block can be preset according to the magnitude of tensile stress applied to the sensor, and after the opposite ends of the sensor 121 are fixed, the tensile stress applied to the sensor 121 symmetrically arranged on the opposite sides of the slider 111 is uniform when the slider 111 is at rest. When the stationary state of the slider 111 is changed, the slider will generate corresponding inertia and be conducted to the sensors 121 on both sides, so that the tensile stress of one of the sensors 121 is increased, the tensile stress of the other sensor 121 is reduced, and the differential calculation can be performed through the tensile stress change of the two sensors 121, so as to obtain the magnitude and the change direction of the acceleration at that time.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the wire portion 1212 is a metal wire. In this embodiment, the wire portion 1212 may be a copper wire. In the present embodiment, the wire portion 1212 can be directly mechanically connected to the mechanical connection unit 11 and the lock block 123, and simultaneously electrically connected to the circuit unit 13. The wire portion 1212 provided as described above has a dual function of mechanical connection and electrical connection. In the present embodiment, the wire portion 1212 is a metal wire, and one end is coaxially connected to the amorphous wire portion 1211, and the other end is fixedly connected to the mechanical connection unit 11 or the locking block 123, respectively.
As shown in fig. 2, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the wire part 1212 is a composite structure wire including: an intermediate conductor 1212a, a connection 1212b. In this embodiment, the connection portion 1212b has a hard tubular structure having openings at both ends; the middle conductor 1212a is a metal wire, one end of which is coaxially connected to the connecting portion 1212b through the insulating structure 1212c, and the other part is disposed at a distance from the connecting portion 1212b, that is, one end of the wire portion 1212 is coaxially fixed to the connecting portion 1212b, and the other part is a free part not contacting the connecting portion 1212b. In the present embodiment, one end of the connecting portion 1212b connected to the intermediate conductor 1212a is coaxially connected to the amorphous wire portion 1211, and the other end of the connecting portion 1212b is fixedly connected to the mechanical connection unit 11 or the locking block 123, respectively. In the present embodiment, a disc-shaped connection structure may be provided at one end of the intermediate conductor 1212a connected to the amorphous wire portion 1211, so as to increase the connection area of the intermediate conductor 1212a and the amorphous wire portion 1211 and improve the connection stability. In the present embodiment, the connection portion 1212b is coaxially connected to the end portion of the amorphous wire portion 1211 by being fixed mechanically or by welding, so that the disc at the end portion of the intermediate conductor 1212a is brought into contact with the amorphous wire portion 1211 to achieve conduction.
In the present embodiment, the connection portion 1212b may be fixed to the end surface of the amorphous wire portion 1211 by welding, or may be fixed to the end surface of the amorphous wire portion 1211 by a mechanical or welding method by providing a connection structure at the end of the connection portion 1212b and fitting the connection structure to the outside of the end of the amorphous wire portion 1211. The connection structure may be an annular structure provided along the connection portion 1212b or protrusions distributed along an annular shape.
Through the arrangement, the fixed connection of the amorphous wire part 1211 can be realized through the hard connecting part of the outer layer by adopting the composite structure wire, the stress loading and the stress change are realized through the hard connecting part, the tension of the intermediate conductor is further effectively restrained, the influence of the resistance change of the intermediate conductor on the detection result is effectively avoided, and the detection precision of the invention is further ensured.
As shown in fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the slider 111 in the mechanical connection unit 11 is a regular mass having a certain mass. The slider 111 is capable of freely sliding back and forth along the guide rail 112, and is used for transmitting force to the connected sensor 121 when the state is changed, so that the tensile stress to which the sensor 121 is subjected is changed. In the present embodiment, the joint between the slider 111 and the guide rail 112 is treated. The friction force is reduced, the sliding friction force coefficient is calibrated, and the calculated acceleration is added into the calculation process to eliminate the influence of the friction force, so that the detection accuracy of the scheme is improved.
In the present embodiment, in order to facilitate connection between the sensor 121 and the circuit unit 13, electrical connection to the circuit unit 13 is achieved by connecting a wire to the wire portion 1212 or the amorphous wire portion 1211.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the circuit unit 13 includes: an excitation circuit 131, a detection circuit 132, and a coil drive circuit 133. In the present embodiment, the excitation circuit 131 is used to supply high-frequency alternating current for generating GSI effect to the amorphous wire portion 1211 of the sensor 121; the detection circuit 132 is used for extracting voltage signals at two ends of the amorphous wire portion 1211 and filtering high-frequency signals from the voltage signals to obtain low-frequency signals generated by the amorphous wire portion 1211 under the changed tensile stress; the detection circuit 132 amplifies the low-frequency signal and measures a change in impedance of the amorphous wire portion 1211.
In the present embodiment, the coil driving circuit 133 is a constant current source for supplying a constant current to the energizing coil 122 so that the magnetic field in the energizing coil 122 reaches the optimum operating point of the amorphous wire portion 1211.
In the present embodiment, a feedback device is further provided in the coil driving circuit 133; the feedback device is installed at the op-amp input terminal constituting the constant current source, connected to the ground terminal, and receives an external magnetic field in real time for removing an external magnetic field component from the magnetic field formed by the energized coil 122.
As shown in fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the amorphous wire portion 1211 of the sensor 121 satisfies:
when the magnetic field intensity applied to the amorphous wire portion 1211 and the frequency of the current flowing through the amorphous wire portion 1211 are unchanged, the impedance change rate of the amorphous wire portion 1211 under each current intensity is a process of increasing and decreasing, and under different current intensities, the peak values of the impedance change rate are different, but the deviation between the tensile stresses corresponding to different peak points is within a preset range (i.e. the tensile stresses corresponding to the peak points are basically the same in size); or,
when the magnetic field strength and the current strength flowing through the amorphous wire portion 1211 are unchanged, the impedance change rate at each current frequency is a process of increasing and decreasing after increasing along with the increase of the tensile stress, and under different electromagnetic frequencies, the peak values of the impedance change rates are different, but the deviation between the tensile stresses corresponding to different peak points is within a preset range (namely, the tensile stresses corresponding to the peak points are basically the same in size); or,
when the intensity and frequency of the current flowing through the amorphous wire portion 1211 are unchanged, the impedance change rate under each tensile stress is a process of increasing and decreasing with increasing intensity of the applied magnetic field. Under different tensile stresses, the peak values of the impedance change rate are different, but the intensity of the external magnetic field corresponding to different peak values is different; or,
under a constant electromagnetic environment, the impedance of the amorphous wires with different magnetostriction coefficients is different along with the change of the external stress. When the magnetostriction coefficient of the amorphous wire portion 1211 is positive, the resistance thereof increases with an increase in the applied stress; or,
under a constant electromagnetic environment, the magnetostriction coefficient of the amorphous wire portion 1211 is negative, and the resistance thereof decreases with an increase in the applied stress.
According to the invention, under the condition of controlling the variable, the amorphous wire portion 1211 of the sensor 121 can present a regular change process of the impedance change rate, so that the calibration is convenient, and the optimal working performance is obtained, so that the working performance and the measuring precision of the invention are better.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the current frequency of the optimal operating point of the amorphous wire portion 1211 of the sensor 121 is greater than or equal to 20MHz, and the current intensity of the optimal operating point is greater than or equal to 20mA; the circuit unit 13 controls the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the energizing coil 122 to be 200A/m or more.
According to the present invention, the amorphous wire portion 1211 of the sensor 121 of the present invention can be at an optimal operating point by the above-described set current frequency, current intensity, and magnetic field intensity, so that the measurement accuracy and measurement sensitivity of the present invention are higher.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the slider 111 is at rest, the amorphous wire portion 1211 of the sensor 121 is loaded with a tensile stress greater than or equal to 20Mpa and less than 1000Mpa.
According to the present invention, by setting the tensile stress applied to the amorphous wire portion 1211 within the above-described range, the GSI effect of the amorphous wire portion 1211 can be effectively excited and made to be in an optimal state, so that the response speed and detection accuracy of the sensor 121 are made higher.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for measuring acceleration of an object based on GSI effect of amorphous wires, which is implemented by the foregoing apparatus, comprising the following steps:
s1, fixedly mounting a mechanical connection unit 11 on a carrier, connecting a sensor 121 in a sensor unit 12 with the mechanical connection unit 11, applying a preset tensile stress to the sensor 121 by a locking block 123 in the sensor unit 12 and the carrier, and connecting the sensor unit 12 with a circuit unit 13;
s2, applying a constant magnetic field to the sensor 121 through the power-on coil 122 of the sensor unit 12, adjusting the magnetic field strength to enable the amorphous wire part to be at an optimal working point, providing high-frequency alternating current for the sensor 121, calibrating parameters of the sensor based on the constant magnetic field and the high-frequency alternating current, and determining the corresponding relation between voltage signals and acceleration at two ends of the sensor 121;
s3, the carrier moves, the acceleration of the sliding block 111 of the mechanical connection unit 11 relative to the carrier changes, corresponding inertia force is generated, axial tensile stress on the sensor 121 changes, the sensor 121 generates impedance change based on GSI effect under constant magnetic field, and voltages at two ends also change;
s4, acquiring voltage signals of the sensor 121 through the circuit unit 13, calculating corresponding real-time acceleration based on the voltage signals and the corresponding relation, and outputting the real-time acceleration.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of embodiments of the invention and, as regards devices and arrangements not explicitly described in this disclosure, it should be understood that this can be done by general purpose devices and methods known in the art.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An apparatus for realizing acceleration measurement of an object based on amorphous wire GSI effect, comprising: a mechanical connection unit (11), a sensor unit (12), a circuit unit (13);
the sensor units (12) are symmetrically arranged on two opposite sides of the mechanical connection unit (11), and the sensor units (12) and the mechanical connection unit (11) are arranged in a linear arrangement;
the mechanical connection unit (11) is used for sensing the change of acceleration and transmitting the change of acceleration to the sensor unit (12);
the circuit unit (13) is respectively connected with the sensor unit (12) and is used for supplying power to the sensor unit (12), collecting signals and processing data and outputting the value of the acceleration;
the sensor unit (12) is based on amorphous wire GSI effect;
the sensor unit (12) comprises: a sensor (121), an energizing coil (122) and a lock block (123) disposed around the outside of the sensor (121);
the sensor (121) is a linear sensor comprising: an amorphous wire portion (1211) and a lead portion (1212) coaxially connected to the amorphous wire portion (1211);
the amorphous wire part (1211) is positioned in the energizing coil (122) and is coaxially arranged, and the length of the amorphous wire part (1211) is smaller than the axial length of the energizing coil (122);
one end of the sensor (121) is connected with the mechanical connection unit (11), and the other end of the sensor is connected with the locking block (123);
the wire parts (1212) are arranged at opposite ends of the amorphous wire part (1211) and are fixedly connected with the end parts of the amorphous wire part (1211), respectively;
the energizing coil (122) supplies a constant magnetic field to the sensor (121) in an energized state.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the wire portion (1212) is a metal wire or a composite structure wire;
if the wire part (1212) is a composite structure wire, it includes: an intermediate conductor (1212 a), a connection portion (1212 b);
the connecting part (1212 b) is a hard tubular structure with openings at two ends;
the middle conductor (1212 a) is a metal wire, one end of the middle conductor is coaxially connected with the connecting part (1212 b) through an insulating structure (1212 c), and the rest part of the middle conductor and the connecting part (1212 b) are arranged at intervals;
if the wire part (1212) is a metal wire, one end is coaxially connected with the amorphous wire part (1211), and the other end is fixedly connected with the mechanical connection unit (11) or the locking block (123) respectively;
if the wire portion (1212) is a composite structure wire, one end of the connecting portion (1212 b) connected to the intermediate conductor (1212 a) is coaxially connected to the amorphous wire portion (1211), and the other end of the connecting portion (1212 b) is fixedly connected to the mechanical connection unit (11) or the locking block (123), respectively.
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the mechanical connection unit (11) comprises: a slider (111) and a guide rail (112) for sensing acceleration and converting the acceleration into an inertial force;
the sliding block (111) is in sliding connection with the guide rail (112), and the sliding direction of the sliding block (111) is coincident with the axial direction of the sensor (121);
the slider (111) is fixedly connected with the end part of the lead wire part (1212) of the sensor (121);
when the sliding block (111) is at rest, an amorphous wire part (1211) of the sensor (121) is loaded with tensile stress through the locking block (123);
when the stationary state of the slider (111) is changed, the tensile stress applied to the amorphous wire portion (1211) of the sensor (121) is changed.
4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the circuit unit (13) comprises: an excitation circuit (131), a detection circuit (132), and a coil drive circuit (133);
the excitation circuit (131) is used for generating GSI effect to provide high-frequency alternating current for the amorphous wire part (1211) of the sensor (121);
the detection circuit (132) is used for extracting voltage signals at two ends of the amorphous wire part (1211) and filtering high-frequency signals in the voltage signals to obtain low-frequency signals generated by the amorphous wire part (1211) under variable tensile stress;
the detection circuit (132) amplifies the low-frequency signal and measures the change of the impedance of the amorphous wire part (1211);
the coil driving circuit (133) is a constant current source for supplying a constant current to the energizing coil (122) so that a magnetic field in the energizing coil (122) reaches an optimal operating point of the amorphous wire portion (1211).
5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that feedback means are also provided in the coil drive circuit (133);
the feedback device is arranged at the input end of the operational amplifier forming the constant current source, is connected with the grounding end, receives an external magnetic field in real time and is used for removing an external magnetic field component from a magnetic field formed by the electrified coil (122).
6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the amorphous wire portion (1211) of the sensor (121) satisfies:
when the magnetic field intensity applied by the amorphous wire part (1211) and the frequency of the current flowing through the amorphous wire part are unchanged, the impedance change rate of the amorphous wire part (1211) under each current intensity is in a process of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the tensile stress, and under different current intensities, the peak values of the impedance change rate are different, but the deviation between the tensile stress corresponding to different peak points is in a preset range; or,
when the magnetic field intensity and the current intensity flowing through the amorphous wire part (1211) are unchanged, the impedance change rate under each current frequency is in a process of increasing and decreasing after increasing along with the increase of tensile stress, and under different electromagnetic frequencies, the peak values of the impedance change rates are different, but the deviation between the tensile stresses corresponding to different peak points is in a preset range; or,
when the current intensity and the current frequency of the amorphous wire part (1211) flowing through the amorphous wire part are unchanged, the impedance change rate under each tensile stress is in a process of increasing and decreasing after increasing along with the increase of the intensity of the external magnetic field, and under different tensile stresses, the peak values of the impedance change rate are different, but the intensity of the external magnetic field corresponding to different peak points is different; or,
under a constant electromagnetic environment, the magnetostriction coefficient of the amorphous wire part (1211) is positive, and the impedance of the amorphous wire part increases along with the increase of the external stress; or,
the magnetostriction coefficient of the amorphous wire portion (1211) is negative under a constant electromagnetic environment, and the resistance thereof decreases with an increase in applied stress.
7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the current frequency of the optimal operating point of the amorphous wire portion (1211) of the sensor (121) is greater than or equal to 20MHz, the current intensity of the optimal operating point being greater than or equal to 20mA;
the circuit unit (13) controls the magnetic field intensity generated by the energizing coil (122) to be more than or equal to 200A/m.
8. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the amorphous wire portion (1211) of the sensor (121) is loaded with a tensile stress greater than or equal to 20Mpa and less than 1000Mpa when the slider (111) is at rest.
9. A method for realizing acceleration measurement of an object based on amorphous wire GSI effect, characterized by being realized by the device of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1, fixedly mounting the mechanical connection unit (11) on a carrier, connecting a sensor (121) in a sensor unit (12) with the mechanical connection unit (11), connecting a locking block (123) in the sensor unit (12) with the carrier and applying a preset tensile stress to the sensor (121), and connecting the sensor unit (12) with the circuit unit (13);
s2, applying a magnetic field to a sensor (121) through an electrified coil (122) of the sensor unit (12), providing high-frequency alternating current for the sensor (121), calibrating parameters of the sensor (121) based on the magnetic field and the high-frequency alternating current, and determining the corresponding relation between voltage signals and acceleration at two ends of the sensor (121);
s3, the carrier moves, the sliding block (111) of the mechanical connecting unit (11) generates corresponding inertial force, so that axial tensile stress on the sensor (121) changes, and the sensor (121) generates impedance change based on GSI effect under the magnetic field;
s4, acquiring voltage signals of the sensor (121) through a circuit unit (13), calculating corresponding real-time acceleration based on the voltage signals and the corresponding relation, and outputting the real-time acceleration.
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