CN113834085A - Flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113834085A CN113834085A CN202111277228.1A CN202111277228A CN113834085A CN 113834085 A CN113834085 A CN 113834085A CN 202111277228 A CN202111277228 A CN 202111277228A CN 113834085 A CN113834085 A CN 113834085A
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system and a working method thereof, wherein the system comprises an evaporator and a heater; the evaporator and the heater are embedded in the flue, and the heater is arranged above the evaporator; a refrigerant outflow side port of the evaporator is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the compressor, a refrigerant outflow side port of the compressor is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the condenser, and a refrigerant outflow side port of the condenser is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the evaporator; the outlet side port of the white heat water eliminating flow of the heater is connected with the inlet side port of the circulating hot water of the condenser, and the outlet side port of the circulating hot water of the condenser is connected with the inlet side port of the white heat water eliminating flow of the heater; the evaporator is directly contacted with the flue gas, so that sensible heat and latent heat in the flue gas are recovered; the temperature of the flue gas after being cooled and dehumidified is raised by the heater, so that the dew point temperature of the flue gas is increased, the effect of white elimination is achieved, and the combustion efficiency of the gas boiler is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of boiler flue gas waste heat recovery, and particularly relates to a flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system and a working method thereof.
Background
The main component of the natural gas is hydrocarbon, and a large amount of water vapor is discharged along with high-temperature flue gas with the temperature of 50-180 ℃ in the use of the natural gas boiler; besides sensible heat loss, a large amount of latent heat loss is caused by the discharged high-temperature flue gas; wherein, the latent heat of vaporization of the water vapor discharged along with the flue gas accounts for a relatively large proportion, and generally accounts for nearly 50% in low-level heating of natural gas, so that a large amount of energy loss is caused; meanwhile, water vapor discharged along with the smoke is condensed into fog when meeting the condensation, and the phenomenon that the chimney emits 'white smoke' occurs, so that the appearance is not only influenced, but also the risk of smoke and rain troubles and icing on the ground near the chimney can be caused.
With the continuous improvement of energy-saving and emission-reducing requirements and the continuous improvement of technological level, the natural gas boiler waste heat recycling and flue gas white elimination technology is greatly developed and is gradually applied to a hot water boiler and a steam boiler of a civil building; the technology of condensing and efficiently recovering the flue gas waste heat by using a heat pump can realize deep recovery of sensible heat and latent heat of the flue gas of the natural gas boiler; meanwhile, the smoke whitening process before emission is finished by utilizing the cooling and condensing process in the smoke heat recovery.
Although the technology for efficiently recovering the flue gas waste heat by utilizing the heat pump is applied to the market, the following problems still exist: firstly, under the current application situation, the technical theory development is faster, but products with good practical application or application effect are fewer, and latent heat in flue gas is difficult to deeply recover by a device for recovering flue gas waste heat of a gas boiler in a heat pump mode on the market; secondly, the existing technology for efficiently recovering the flue gas waste heat by utilizing the heat pump is applied to large boilers, is not easy to install, has large initial investment and is not suitable for medium and small boilers; thirdly, the existing device for recovering the flue gas waste heat of the gas boiler by utilizing the heat pump mode has a complex structure, a complex process flow and difficult realization of flue gas whitening, and a larger promotion space exists in the aspects of product cost and product performance; finally, fewer flue gas waste heat recovery products which are standardized, modeled and directly selectable are produced, and a user has certain difficulty in the product selection process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system and a working method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing flue gas waste heat recovery is not thorough, the process is complex, and the flue gas white elimination cannot be realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system, which comprises a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and a heater, wherein the compressor is used for compressing flue gas waste heat; the evaporator and the heater are embedded in the flue, and the heater is arranged above the evaporator; the bottom of the flue is connected with a side port of a flue gas discharge port of the gas-fired boiler;
a refrigerant outflow side port of the evaporator is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the compressor, a refrigerant outflow side port of the compressor is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the condenser, and a refrigerant outflow side port of the condenser is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the evaporator;
the white heat water eliminating flow outlet side port of the heater is connected with the circulating hot water inflow side port of the condenser, and the circulating hot water outflow side port of the condenser is connected with the white heat water eliminating flow inlet side port of the heater.
Further, the device also comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a PLC controller;
the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are both arranged in the flue, the output end of the first temperature sensor is connected with the first input end of the PLC, and the output end of the second temperature sensor is connected with the second input end of the PLC; the first temperature sensor is positioned between the evaporator and the heater, and the second temperature sensor is positioned above the heater;
the temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the external atmospheric environment, and the output end of the temperature and humidity sensor is connected with the third input end of the PLC; the output end of the PLC is connected with the control end of the compressor.
Further, the device also comprises an electric regulating valve; the electric regulating valve is arranged between the condenser and the heater;
the outlet end of the electric control valve is connected with the inlet end of the electric control valve, and the outlet end of the electric control valve is connected with the inlet end of the white heat water eliminating flow of the heater.
Further, the device also comprises an expansion valve; the expansion valve is arranged between a refrigerant outflow side port of the condenser and a refrigerant inflow side port of the evaporator;
the refrigerant outflow side port of the condenser is connected to the inlet end of the expansion valve, and the outlet end of the expansion valve is connected to the refrigerant inflow side port of the evaporator.
Further, the device also comprises a circulating hot water pump; the inlet end of the circulating hot water pump is connected with a circulating hot water outflow side port of the condenser, the outlet end of the circulating hot water pump is divided into two paths, one path of the circulating hot water pump is connected with a white heat removal water inflow side port of the heater, and the other path of the circulating hot water pump is connected with a water supply port of a user heating system; and a water return port of the user heating system is connected with a circulating hot water inflow side port of the condenser.
Further, the device also comprises a water collecting tank; the bottom end of the flue is provided with a water outlet which is connected with a water inlet of the water collecting tank.
Furthermore, a filling material is arranged between the evaporator and the flue, and the evaporator is fixed on the inner wall of the flue by the filling material.
Further, the refrigerant in the evaporator is R410a refrigerant.
Furthermore, the top end of the flue is provided with a blast cap; the flue comprises a plurality of flue pipe sections; a plurality of flue pipe joints are sequentially spliced, and adjacent flue pipe joints are fixedly connected through flanges.
The invention also provides a working method of the flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system, which comprises the following specific processes:
sending high-temperature flue gas generated by the gas-fired boiler into a flue; the high-temperature flue gas fully contacts with the evaporator in the vertical rising process in the flue; the evaporator absorbs sensible heat and latent heat in the high-temperature flue gas, so that the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to a preset temperature, and low-temperature saturated flue gas is formed;
the low-temperature saturated flue gas continuously rises along the flue and fully contacts with the heater, so that the temperature of the low-temperature saturated flue gas is raised to be supersaturated, and medium-temperature supersaturated flue gas is formed; discharging the medium-temperature supersaturated flue gas into the atmosphere by utilizing the thermal chimney effect of the flue;
the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters an evaporator, and forms a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant after fully exchanging heat with the high-temperature flue gas; the low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is absorbed by the compressor and compressed into high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant;
the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters a condenser, and exchanges heat and condenses in the condenser to form a medium-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant; the medium-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant is throttled along the pipeline to form a low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and then the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator again to complete the refrigeration cycle, so that the aim of recovering the waste heat of the flue gas is fulfilled;
the low-temperature hot water in the heater enters the condenser to absorb the heat of the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant to form high-temperature hot water; the high-temperature hot water enters the heater and is used for transferring heat to the low-temperature saturated flue gas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system and a working method thereof.A vaporizer is embedded in a flue and directly contacted with flue gas, so that sensible heat and latent heat in the flue gas are recovered; the heater is arranged in the flue and is arranged above the evaporator, the temperature of the cooled and dehumidified flue gas is raised by the heater, the dew point temperature of the flue gas is increased, and the effect of white elimination is achieved; simple structure, efficiency is higher, can effectively promote gas boiler's combustion efficiency, realizes energy saving and emission reduction's purpose.
Furthermore, the temperature and the humidity of the flue and the outside atmosphere are monitored by arranging a temperature sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor; the PLC is utilized to control and adjust the running frequency of the compressor according to the monitoring result, so that the purposes of efficiently recovering the flue gas waste heat and effectively eliminating the white smoke of the system under the conditions of boiler load fluctuation and outdoor climate change are achieved.
Furthermore, an electric regulating valve is arranged between the condenser and the heater, so that the flow of circulating hot water in the heater is controlled, and the efficient control of white water elimination of the hot water is ensured.
Furthermore, a circulating hot water pump is arranged at the side port of the circulating hot water outflow side of the condenser, and the circulating hot water pump is connected to a user heating system, so that the high-efficiency utilization of the circulating hot water is realized, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
Furthermore, a water outlet is formed in the bottom end of the flue, and condensed water in the flue is collected by the water collecting tank, so that the recycling of the condensed water is realized, and the environmental pollution is avoided.
Furthermore, the filling material is arranged between the evaporator and the flue, so that the evaporator is fixed, and meanwhile, the evaporator has a heat insulation effect.
Furthermore, a refrigerant in the evaporator is R410a refrigerant, and the R410a refrigerant is subjected to four basic processes of compression, condensation, throttling and evaporation in the flue gas waste heat recovery system to complete a flue gas waste heat recovery cycle; the refrigerant R410a is an environment-friendly refrigerant, avoids the damage to the ozone layer, and has the advantages of stability, no toxicity and high refrigeration efficiency.
The invention relates to a flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system and a working method thereof.A vaporizer is directly embedded in a flue, so that flue gas is directly contacted with the vaporizer, and the latent heat in the flue gas is fully absorbed except the sensible heat of the flue gas; the heat exchanger is additionally arranged at the tail part of the flue, so that the flue gas firstly passes through the heat exchanger, the dew point temperature of the flue gas is improved to achieve the effect of eliminating white, and then the flue gas is finally discharged into the atmosphere, and the beautiful requirement of the environment is ensured; the invention can effectively improve the operating efficiency of the gas boiler, fundamentally reduce the use of natural gas, reduce the carbon emission of a heating system and promote the implementation of a green emission reduction policy; meanwhile, a water collecting tank is arranged at the bottom of the flue and is used for recycling condensed water in the flue gas; the condensed water has a certain dissolving and purifying effect on pollutants such as CO, NOx and the like in the flue gas, can effectively reduce the emission of the pollutants, is beneficial to environmental protection, and can be converted into reclaimed water in life through purification treatment, so that the using amount of water resources is further reduced; compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of low cost, compact structure, convenient installation, easy realization and capability of achieving modularization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system according to an embodiment.
The system comprises a gas boiler 1, a flue 2, a compressor 3, a condenser 4, an expansion valve 5, an evaporator 6, a circulation hot water pump 7, a roof panel 8, a conical cover 9, a heater 10, a hood 11, a fixed support 12, a flue pipe joint 13, a flange 14, a water collecting tank 15, a filling material 16, an electric adjusting valve 17, a first temperature sensor 18, a second temperature sensor 19, a temperature and humidity sensor 20 and a PLC (programmable logic controller) 21.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments further describe the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system, which comprises a flue gas discharge system, a waste heat recovery system, a flue gas white elimination system and a monitoring control system; the smoke discharge system is used for discharging smoke discharged by the gas boiler into the atmosphere; the waste heat recovery system is used for recovering sensible heat and latent heat in the flue gas; the smoke whitening system is used for increasing the dew point temperature of smoke to achieve the effect of whitening; and the monitoring control system is used for controlling the waste heat recovery system and the flue gas whitening system according to the load fluctuation of the boiler and the outdoor climate change condition.
The flue gas discharge system comprises a flue 2, a hood 11, a fixed support 12 and a water collecting tank 15; the flue 2 is vertically arranged and penetrates through the roof board 8 or the cover board; the conical cover 9 is sleeved outside the flue 2 and is fixedly connected with the roof board 8 or the cover plate; the bottom of the flue 2 is connected with a port at the side of the smoke discharge of the gas boiler 1; the blast cap 11 is arranged at the top end of the flue 2, the fixed support 12 is arranged between the blast cap 11 and the flue 2, and the blast cap 11 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the flue 2 by utilizing the fixed support 12; preferably, the blast cap 11 is a round umbrella-shaped blast cap; the bottom end of the flue 2 is provided with a water outlet, the water collecting tank 15 is arranged below the flue 2, and the water inlet of the water collecting tank 15 is connected with the water outlet of the flue 2.
In the invention, the flue 2 comprises a plurality of flue pipe sections 13, the flue pipe sections 13 are vertically and sequentially spliced, and the adjacent flue pipe sections 13 are fixedly connected by flanges 14; wherein, the flue pipe joint 13 adopts the stainless steel flue, and the flange 14 adopts the angle steel flange.
The waste heat recovery system comprises a compressor 3, a condenser 4, an expansion valve 5, an evaporator 6 and a filling material 16; the evaporator 6 is embedded in the flue 2 and is arranged close to the bottom end of the flue 2; a refrigerant outflow side port of the evaporator 6 is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the compressor 3, a refrigerant outflow side port of the compressor 3 is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the condenser 4, an outflow side port of the condenser 4 is connected to an inlet end of the expansion valve 5, and an outlet end of the expansion valve 5 is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the evaporator 6; the filling material 16 is arranged between the evaporator 6 and the flue 2, and the evaporator 6 is fixed on the inner wall of the flue 2 by the filling material 16; preferably, the refrigerant in the evaporator 6 is R410a refrigerant.
The smoke white elimination system comprises a circulating hot water pump 7, a heater 10 and an electric regulating valve 17; the heater 10 is embedded in the flue 2, arranged above the evaporator 6 and close to the tail part of the flue 2; a side port of the heater 10 for discharging the white heat water is connected with a side port of the condenser 4 for feeding the circulating water; the circulating hot water pump 7 is arranged at a circulating hot water outflow side port of the condenser 4, an inlet end of the circulating hot water pump 7 is connected with the circulating hot water outflow side port of the condenser 4, an outlet end of the circulating hot water pump 7 is divided into two paths, one path of the outlet end of the circulating hot water pump 7 is connected with an inlet end of the electric regulating valve 17, and an outlet end of the electric regulating valve 17 is connected with a white heat elimination hot water inflow side port of the heater 10; the other path of the outlet end of the circulating hot water pump 7 is connected with a water supply port of a user heating system; and a water return port of the user heating system is connected with a circulating hot water inflow side port of the condenser 4.
The monitoring control system comprises a first temperature sensor 18, a second temperature sensor 19, a temperature and humidity sensor 20 and a PLC (programmable logic controller) 21; the first temperature sensor 18 and the second temperature sensor 19 are both arranged in the flue 2, the output end of the first temperature sensor 18 is connected with the first input end of the PLC controller 21, and the output end of the second temperature sensor 19 is connected with the second input end of the PLC controller 21; wherein, the first temperature sensor 18 is positioned between the evaporator 6 and the heater 10, and the second temperature sensor 19 is positioned above the heater 10; the temperature and humidity sensor 20 is arranged in an external atmospheric environment, and the output end of the temperature and humidity sensor 20 is connected with the third input end of the PLC controller 21; a first output end of the PLC controller 21 is connected to a control end of the compressor 3, and a second output end of the PLC controller 21 is connected to a control end of the electric control valve 17.
The invention also provides a working method of the flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system, which comprises the following specific processes:
high-temperature flue gas generated by the gas boiler 1 is sent into the flue 2; the high-temperature flue gas fully contacts with the evaporator 6 in the vertical rising process in the flue 2; the evaporator 6 absorbs sensible heat and latent heat in the high-temperature flue gas, so that the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to a preset temperature, and low-temperature saturated flue gas is formed.
The low-temperature saturated flue gas continuously rises along the flue 2 and fully contacts the heater 10, so that the temperature of the low-temperature saturated flue gas is raised to be supersaturated, and medium-temperature supersaturated flue gas is formed; the medium-temperature supersaturated flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere by utilizing the thermal chimney effect of the flue 2.
The low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator 6, and forms a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant after fully exchanging heat with the high-temperature flue gas; the low-temperature low-pressure gas refrigerant is absorbed by the compressor 3 and compressed to form a high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant.
The high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the condenser 4, and exchanges heat and condenses in the condenser 4 to form a medium-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant; the medium-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant is throttled along the pipeline to form a low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and then the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator 6 again to complete the refrigeration cycle, so that the purpose of recovering the waste heat of the flue gas is achieved.
The low-temperature hot water in the heater 10 enters the condenser 4 to absorb the heat of the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant to form high-temperature hot water; high temperature hot water enters the heater 10 for transferring heat to the low temperature saturated flue gas.
The flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system overcomes the defect that the prior art can only realize the recovery of flue gas sensible heat or shallow latent heat; the combination of a flue gas discharge system, a waste heat recovery system, a flue gas white elimination system and a monitoring control system is adopted, the evaporator is directly arranged in the flue, so that the flue gas is directly contacted with the evaporator, the flue gas discharge temperature is promoted to be reduced to 25 ℃, the sensible heat of the flue gas is recovered, and the latent heat deep absorption is realized; the temperature of the discharged flue gas is in inverse proportion to the recoverable heat of the flue gas and the operation efficiency of the boiler, namely, the recoverable heat and the operation efficiency of the boiler can be rapidly increased when the temperature of the flue gas is reduced; the invention can effectively improve the combustion efficiency of the gas boiler by utilizing the flue gas waste heat recovery device, and can help the propulsion of energy conservation and emission reduction; the heater is directly additionally arranged at the tail part of the flue, so that the flue gas firstly passes through the heater, the dew point temperature of the flue gas is increased to achieve the effect of eliminating white, and then the flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere, and the beautiful requirement of the environment is ensured; compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of low cost, compact structure, convenient installation, easy realization and capability of achieving modularization.
The invention can effectively improve the operation efficiency of the boiler, fundamentally reduce the use of natural gas, reduce the carbon emission of a heating system, promote the implementation of a green emission reduction policy, and actively respond to the call of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization; in addition, a water tank is arranged near the flue and used for recycling condensed water in the flue gas; the condensed water has certain dissolving and purifying effects on pollutants such as CO, NOx and the like in the flue gas, can effectively reduce the emission of the pollutants, is beneficial to environmental protection, and can be converted into reclaimed water in life through purification treatment, thereby further reducing the using amount of water resources.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system, which includes a flue gas discharge system, a waste heat recovery system, a flue gas white elimination system and a monitoring control system.
The flue gas discharge system comprises a flue 2, a hood 11, a fixed support 12 and a water collecting tank 15; the flue 2 is arranged at the port of the smoke discharge side of the gas boiler 1, and the side wall of the bottom of the flue 2 is connected with the port of the smoke discharge side of the gas boiler 1; the flue 2 is vertically arranged and penetrates through the roof board 8 or the cover board; the conical cover 9 is sleeved outside the flue 2 and is fixedly connected with the roof board 8 or the cover plate; the fixed support 12 is arranged at the top end of the flue 2, and the blast cap 11 is arranged at the top of the fixed support 12; wherein, the blast cap 11 adopts a round umbrella-shaped blast cap; in the embodiment, the flue 2 is a flue; the flue 2 comprises a plurality of flue pipe joints 13, the flue pipe joints 13 are vertically and sequentially spliced, and the adjacent flue pipe joints 13 are fixedly connected by adopting flanges 14; wherein, the flange 14 is an angle steel flange; a water outlet is arranged at the bottom end of the flue 2, the water collection tank 15 is arranged below the flue 2, and a water inlet of the water collection tank 15 is connected with the water outlet of the flue 2; the water collecting tank 15 is used for absorbing condensed water generated by latent heat released by the contained smoke and using the condensed water as a reclaimed water source for secondary utilization.
In this embodiment, a thermal expansion gap is reserved between the conical cover 9 and the roof panel 8 or the cover plate, and the conical cover 9 is used for keeping off rain; the mounting height of the umbrella-shaped blast cap is not lower than that of an adjacent building masonry body; when the outlet of the flue 2 is arranged on the roof or the household platform of the upper person, the outlet is 2m higher than the ground of the roof or the household platform of the upper person, and the outlet avoids doors and windows opened on the same floor, so that smoke is prevented from flowing back into the room; when there is a door or window in the 4m surrounding, it should be 0.6m higher than the door or window skin.
The waste heat recovery system comprises a compressor 3, a condenser 4, an expansion valve 5, an evaporator 6 and a filling material 16; the evaporator 6 is embedded in the flue 2 through a filling material 16 and is arranged close to the bottom end of the flue 2; a refrigerant outflow side port of the evaporator 6 is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the compressor 3, a refrigerant outflow side port of the compressor 3 is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the condenser 4, an outflow side port of the condenser 4 is connected to an inlet end of the expansion valve 5, and an outlet end of the expansion valve 5 is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the evaporator 6; wherein, the refrigerant in the evaporator 6 is R410a refrigerant, is a novel environment-friendly refrigerant, does not destroy the ozone layer, and has the characteristics of stability, no toxicity, high refrigeration efficiency and the like; in this embodiment, the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the gas boiler 1 passes through the evaporator 6; the high-temperature flue gas has a high temperature of 50-150 ℃ and is reduced to 25 ℃, and the sensible heat and latent heat of the high-temperature flue gas are deeply recovered to form low-temperature saturated flue gas.
The smoke white elimination system comprises a circulating hot water pump 7, a heater 10 and an electric regulating valve 17; the heater 10 is embedded in the flue 2, arranged above the evaporator 6 and close to the tail part of the flue 2; a side port of the heater 10 for discharging the white heat water is connected with a side port of the condenser 4 for feeding the circulating water; the circulating hot water pump 7 is arranged at a circulating hot water outflow side port of the condenser 4, an inlet end of the circulating hot water pump 7 is connected with the circulating hot water outflow side port of the condenser 4, an outlet end of the circulating hot water pump 7 is divided into two paths, one path of the outlet end of the circulating hot water pump 7 is connected with an inlet end of the electric regulating valve 17, and an outlet end of the electric regulating valve 17 is connected with a white heat elimination hot water inflow side port of the heater 10; the other path of the outlet end of the circulating hot water pump 7 is connected with a water supply port of a user heating system; and a water return port of the user heating system is connected with a circulating hot water inflow side port of the condenser 4.
In the embodiment, the cooling medium in the condenser 4 adopts the return water of the user heating system, and the refrigerant in the evaporator 6 transfers sensible heat and latent heat absorbed by high-temperature flue gas to the return water of the user heating system, so that the temperature of the return water is increased from 40 ℃ to 50 ℃, and the water supply requirement of the user heating system is met; the heater is positioned behind the flue evaporator and can be fully contacted with the flue gas; a water supply and return pipe of the user heating system introduces a loop to the heater; the heater is used for dry heating and white elimination, and an electric regulating valve is arranged between the condenser and the heater; the electric regulating valve has the function of receiving the electric signal of the PLC 21, and the opening of the electric valve is regulated by comparing the temperature of the discharged flue gas with the temperature and the humidity of outdoor air, so that the temperature of the mixed flue gas and the atmosphere is always higher than the dew point temperature; the heat exchange medium used in the heater is water, and the temperature of inlet water is about 50 ℃; in the embodiment, the heat exchange material of the evaporator and the heater is metal copper, and the evaporator and the heater have the characteristics of good heat conduction performance, corrosion resistance and the like.
The monitoring control system comprises a first temperature sensor 18, a second temperature sensor 19, a temperature and humidity sensor 20 and a PLC (programmable logic controller) 21; the first temperature sensor 18 and the second temperature sensor 19 are both arranged in the flue 2, the first temperature sensor 18 is positioned between the evaporator 6 and the heater 10, and the second temperature sensor 19 is positioned above the heater 10; the temperature and humidity sensor 20 is disposed in the external atmospheric environment.
An electric signal output side port of the first temperature sensor 18 is connected to a first electric signal receiving side port of the PLC controller 21, and an electric signal output side port of the second temperature sensor 19 is connected to a second electric signal receiving side port of the PLC controller 21; an electric signal output side port of the temperature and humidity sensor 20 is connected with a third electric signal receiving side port of the PLC controller 21; a first electric signal output side port of the PLC controller 21 is connected to an inverter of the compressor 3, and a second electric signal output side port of the PLC controller 21 is connected to an electric signal receiving side port of the electric control valve 17.
In this embodiment, the temperature sensor is configured to transmit a temperature signal to the PLC controller 21, the temperature and humidity sensor is configured to transmit a temperature and humidity signal to the PLC controller 21, and the PLC controller 21 sends an electrical signal to control the electric control valve 17 and the compressor 3 after operation; the PLC controller 21 is connected to the electric control valve and the compressor, respectively, the first temperature sensor 18 disposed behind the evaporator is used to control the frequency conversion of the compressor 3, and the second temperature sensor 19 disposed behind the heater and the temperature and humidity sensor 20 disposed in the atmosphere are used to control the opening degree of the electric control valve 17 at the inlet of the heater 10, thereby controlling the amount of secondary heating.
The working principle is as follows:
in the system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and removing the white water by using the hot water, the emission temperature of the high-temperature flue gas of the gas-fired boiler 1 is 50-150 ℃, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to 25 ℃ after passing through the evaporator 6, and low-temperature saturated flue gas is formed; the temperature of the low-temperature saturated flue gas is raised to 40-50 ℃ after passing through a heater 10, and medium-temperature supersaturated flue gas is formed; the temperature of the condensed water in the water collection tank 15 is about 25 ℃; the inflow temperature of the circulating hot water of the condenser 4 is 40 ℃, and the outflow temperature of the circulating hot water of the condenser 4 is 50 ℃; the first temperature sensor 18 and the second temperature sensor 19 are used for converting temperature signals of the areas into electric signals, and the temperature and humidity sensor 20 is used for converting temperature and humidity signals of the atmosphere into electric signals; the electric signals are all transmitted to the PLC controller 21; after receiving the electric signal, the PLC controller 21 sends an instruction signal to the compressor 3 and the electric control valve 17 for automatically adjusting the opening of the electric control valve 17 and the frequency of the inverter of the compressor 3; in this embodiment, the refrigerant in the evaporator 6 is R410a refrigerant, which has an environmental protection effect; the heat exchange structures in the evaporator 6 and the heater 10 have good heat conduction performance and also have anti-corrosion performance; preferably, the heat exchange structures of the evaporator 6 and the heater 10 are made of copper; the evaporator 6 is arranged at the bottom of the flue 2, so that the maintenance is convenient, the falling height of condensed water is shortened, and the corrosion and the secondary evaporation of the condensed water are reduced; the filling material 16 can fix the position of the evaporator 6 and has a certain heat preservation function on the evaporator 6; the conical cover 9 surrounds the flue 2, a certain thermal expansion gap is reserved between the conical cover 9 and the roof panel 8 or the cover plate, and the conical cover 9 has a rainproof function on the roof panel 8 or the cover plate.
The work flow of the smoke discharging system is as follows:
under normal temperature and normal pressure environment, the excessive air and the natural gas are fully mixed and combusted in the combustor of the gas boiler 1 to generate high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas enters the flue 2 through the smoke exhaust pipe, the high-temperature flue gas flows along the vertical direction of the flue 2 and is fully contacted with the evaporator 6 arranged on the flue 2, sensible heat and latent heat in the high-temperature flue gas are deeply absorbed by a refrigerant in the evaporator 6, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 25 ℃, a large amount of condensed water is generated, and the condensed water flows into the water collecting tank 15 along the pipe wall of the flue and then is reused. The high-temperature flue gas forms low-temperature saturated flue gas after releasing sensible heat and latent heat, the low-temperature saturated flue gas continuously flows along the vertical direction of the flue 2, and then the high-temperature saturated flue gas is fully contacted with a heater 10 arranged in the flue 2, the temperature of the flue gas is raised to be supersaturated, and the medium-temperature supersaturated flue gas is formed. By utilizing the hot chimney effect of the flue 2, the flue gas can be smoothly discharged to the atmosphere through the hood 11 without being driven by a fan, thereby achieving the effects of deep recovery and whitening of the flue gas waste heat and reducing the operating cost of the gas-fired boiler.
The working process of the waste heat recovery system is as follows:
the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant R410a enters the evaporator 6 along a pipeline and fully contacts with high-temperature flue gas in the flue 2, the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant deeply absorbs sensible heat and latent heat of the flue gas in the evaporator 6 so as to be evaporated into a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, the low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is sucked by the compressor 3 along the pipeline and compressed into a high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is discharged into the condenser 4 along the pipeline and releases heat to low-temperature return water of a user heating system in the condenser 4, at the moment, the refrigerant is condensed into a medium-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant, and the low-temperature return water of the user heating system absorbs heat to become high-temperature water supply of the heating system. The medium-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant continues to flow through the expansion valve 5 along the pipeline for throttling to become low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and then enters the evaporator 6 again for heat absorption and gasification, so that the refrigeration cycle is completed, and the purpose of recycling the waste heat of the flue gas is achieved. In this embodiment, the R410a refrigerant undergoes four basic processes of compression, condensation, throttling, and evaporation in the flue gas waste heat recovery system to complete a flue gas waste heat recovery cycle. The low-temperature backwater of the user heating system absorbs the heat released by the refrigerant through the condenser 4 to form high-temperature hot water, and the high-temperature hot water is sent to the water supply end of the user heating system through the circulating hot water pump 7, so that the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
The working process of the smoke white elimination system is as follows:
the low-temperature backwater of the user heating system absorbs the heat of the refrigerant through the condenser 4 to form high-temperature hot water, a part of the high-temperature hot water flows through the electric regulating valve 17 along the branch to enter the heater 10, the high-temperature hot water transfers the heat to low-temperature saturated smoke through the heat exchange structure in the heater 10, the smoke absorbs the heat and is converted into middle-temperature supersaturated smoke, and the effect of white elimination is achieved. The high-temperature hot water slightly lowers the temperature and flows to the condenser 4 for heating along the branch and the total return water of the user. The electric regulating valve 17 is controlled by the temperature sensor 19 and the temperature and humidity sensor 20 through the PLC 21, the valve opening degree of the electric regulating valve 17 is regulated, and the white heat water flow of the circulating branch is effectively controlled. The frequency converter of the heat pump compressor 3 is controlled by the temperature sensor 18 through the PLC 21, the frequency of the frequency converter of the compressor 3 is adjusted, and the flow of the refrigerant is effectively controlled, so that the aim of accurately reducing the temperature of the flue gas to 25 ℃ after the flue gas flows through the evaporator 6 is fulfilled.
Monitoring the working process of the control system:
the first and second temperature sensor probes 18 and 19 respectively detect the flue gas temperature in the flue behind the evaporator 6 and the heater 10, the temperature and humidity sensor 20 detects the atmospheric temperature and humidity in the natural environment, the signals of the sensors are transmitted to the PLC controller 21 through a line, and the PLC controller 21 sends out command signals to control the opening of the electric regulating valve 17 and the operating frequency of the heat pump compressor 3, so that the purposes of high-efficiency recovery and effective white elimination of the flue gas waste heat under the conditions of boiler load fluctuation and outdoor climate change are achieved.
According to the system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and eliminating the white in the hot water, under the environment of normal temperature and normal pressure, air and natural gas are fully mixed and combusted in a boiler burner to generate high-temperature flue gas; the high-temperature flue gas flows through the flue and is fully contacted with an evaporator arranged in the flue, sensible heat and latent heat in the high-temperature flue gas are fully absorbed by a refrigerant, and the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to 25 ℃, so that a large amount of water vapor in the high-temperature flue gas is condensed and condensed to be discharged into a water collecting tank for reuse; the high-temperature flue gas forms low-temperature saturated flue gas after sensible heat and latent heat are released, then the low-temperature saturated flue gas is fully contacted with a heater arranged in a flue, the temperature of the flue gas is increased again, and a dry heating process is carried out, so that middle-temperature supersaturated flue gas is formed; the heating in the process can improve the rising thermal kinetic energy of the flue gas and is beneficial to natural emission of the flue gas besides the white spot eliminating effect. Thereby achieving the effects of deep recovery and white elimination of the flue gas waste heat and reducing the operating cost of the gas boiler.
In the invention, the recoverable space of heat after the temperature of the flue gas is reduced is large; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the condensation process of water vapor is a complex process, and water vapor needs to pass through non-condensable gas to reach a condensation surface; and the heating in the condensation process can affect the temperature of the flue gas; the water vapor in the flue gas comprises water vapor generated by combustion of natural gas, natural gas and water vapor contained in the entering air, and the water vapor can release latent heat in the condensation process no matter the source of the water vapor; the influence of the change of the smoke discharge temperature on the heat efficiency can be basically divided into two stages, the heat efficiency is slowly increased when the discharge temperature is higher than 60 ℃, and the heat efficiency is rapidly increased when the smoke discharge temperature is lower than 60 ℃; when the flue gas emission temperature is 25 ℃, latent heat contained in a large amount of water vapor is recovered, the overall heat efficiency is greatly improved, and the influence of reducing the flue gas emission temperature on improving the heat efficiency is great; the reason for this is that when the exhaust temperature of the flue gas is above 60 ℃, the dew point of the flue gas is not reached, only sensible heat is recovered without latent heat recovery, when the temperature is below 57 ℃, the latent heat starts to be recovered, and the recovered heat is greatly increased; the invention can effectively reduce the temperature of the flue gas to 25 ℃, and forcibly recover the latent heat of the water vapor in the flue gas.
Practice shows that the temperature of the discharged flue gas is in inverse proportion to the recoverable heat of the flue gas and the operating efficiency of the boiler, namely, the recoverable heat and the operating efficiency of the boiler can be rapidly increased when the temperature of the flue gas is reduced; that is, in order to improve the operation efficiency of the boiler as much as possible, the exhaust gas temperature should be controlled and maintained below a certain temperature; the invention can effectively improve the combustion efficiency of the gas boiler by utilizing the flue gas waste heat recovery device, and can help the propulsion of energy conservation and emission reduction.
The invention can reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and pollutants in the boiler, effectively improve the operating efficiency of the boiler by recycling the heat of the flue gas, fundamentally reduce the use of natural gas, reduce the carbon emission of a heating system and promote the implementation of green emission reduction; meanwhile, 1 ton of flue gas condensate water is generated per ton of boiler on average per day, and the flue gas condensate water has a certain dissolving and purifying effect on pollutants such as CO, NOx and the like in the flue gas, so that the emission of the pollutants can be effectively reduced, and the environmental protection is facilitated; the flue gas condensate water can be recycled through simple treatment, and the usage amount of water resources is further reduced; the method is suitable for medium and small natural gas boilers; the device has the advantages of low cost, compact structure, convenient installation, easy realization and higher market value.
The above-described embodiment is only one of the embodiments that can implement the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, but includes any variations, substitutions and other embodiments that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system is characterized by comprising a compressor (3), a condenser (4), an evaporator (6) and a heater (10); the evaporator (6) and the heater (10) are embedded in the flue (2), and the heater (10) is arranged above the evaporator (6); the bottom of the flue (2) is connected with a port at the side of the smoke discharge of the gas boiler (1);
a refrigerant outflow side port of the evaporator (6) is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the compressor (3), a refrigerant outflow side port of the compressor (3) is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the condenser (4), and a refrigerant outflow side port of the condenser (4) is connected to a refrigerant inflow side port of the evaporator (6);
a white heat removal water outflow side port of the heater (10) is connected to a circulating hot water inflow side port of the condenser (4), and a circulating hot water outflow side port of the condenser (4) is connected to a white heat removal water inflow side port of the heater (10).
2. The system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and removing the white water by the hot water according to claim 1, further comprising a first temperature sensor (18), a second temperature sensor (19), a temperature and humidity sensor (20) and a PLC (programmable logic controller) (21);
the first temperature sensor (18) and the second temperature sensor (19) are both arranged in the flue (2), the output end of the first temperature sensor (18) is connected with the first input end of the PLC controller (21), and the output end of the second temperature sensor (19) is connected with the second input end of the PLC controller (21); wherein the first temperature sensor (18) is positioned between the evaporator (6) and the heater (10), and the second temperature sensor (19) is positioned above the heater (10);
the temperature and humidity sensor (20) is arranged in an external atmospheric environment, and the output end of the temperature and humidity sensor (20) is connected with the third input end of the PLC (21); the output end of the PLC (21) is connected with the control end of the compressor (3).
3. The system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and removing the white from the hot water according to claim 1, further comprising an electric control valve (17); the electric regulating valve (17) is arranged between the condenser (4) and the heater (10);
the outlet end of the circulating hot water outlet side of the condenser (4) is connected with the inlet end of the electric regulating valve (17), and the outlet end of the electric regulating valve (17) is connected with the white heat water eliminating inlet side of the heater (10).
4. The system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and eliminating the white light of the hot water according to claim 1, further comprising an expansion valve (5); an expansion valve (5) is provided between the refrigerant outflow side port of the condenser (4) and the refrigerant inflow side port of the evaporator (6);
the refrigerant outflow side port of the condenser (4) is connected to the inlet end of the expansion valve (5), and the outlet end of the expansion valve (5) is connected to the refrigerant inflow side port of the evaporator (6).
5. The system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and removing the white from the flue gas by the hot water according to claim 1, further comprising a circulating hot water pump (7); the inlet end of the circulating hot water pump (7) is connected with the outlet end port of the circulating hot water of the condenser (4), the outlet end of the circulating hot water pump (7) is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected with the inlet side port of the white heat water eliminating flow of the heater (10), and the other path is connected with the water supply port of the user heating system; and a water return port of the user heating system is connected with a circulating hot water inflow side port of the condenser (4).
6. The system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and removing the white water by the hot water according to claim 1, further comprising a water collecting tank (15); the bottom end of the flue (2) is provided with a water outlet which is connected with a water inlet of the water collecting tank (15).
7. The system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and eliminating the white in the hot water according to claim 1, wherein a filling material (16) is arranged between the evaporator (6) and the flue (2), and the evaporator (6) is fixed on the inner wall of the flue (2) by the filling material (16).
8. The system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and eliminating the white light of the hot water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refrigerant in the evaporator (6) is R410a refrigerant.
9. The system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas and removing the white from the flue gas by the hot water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top end of the flue (2) is provided with a blast cap (11); the flue (2) comprises a plurality of flue pipe sections (13); a plurality of flue pipe sections (13) are spliced in sequence, and adjacent flue pipe sections (13) are fixedly connected through flanges (14).
10. The working method of the flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
high-temperature flue gas generated by the gas boiler (1) is sent into the flue (2); the high-temperature flue gas fully contacts with the evaporator (6) in the vertical rising process in the flue (2); the evaporator (6) absorbs sensible heat and latent heat in the high-temperature flue gas, so that the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to a preset temperature, and low-temperature saturated flue gas is formed;
the low-temperature saturated flue gas continuously rises along the flue (2) and fully contacts with the heater (10), so that the temperature of the low-temperature saturated flue gas is raised to be supersaturated, and medium-temperature supersaturated flue gas is formed; discharging the medium-temperature supersaturated flue gas into the atmosphere by utilizing the heat chimney effect of the flue (2);
the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters an evaporator (6) and forms a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant after fully exchanging heat with the high-temperature flue gas; the low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is absorbed by the compressor (3) and compressed into a high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant;
the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the condenser (4) and exchanges heat and condenses in the condenser (4) to form a medium-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant; the medium-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant is throttled along the pipeline to form a low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and then the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator (6) again to complete the refrigeration cycle, so that the aim of recovering the waste heat of the flue gas is fulfilled;
the low-temperature hot water in the heater (10) enters the condenser (4) to absorb the heat of the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant to form high-temperature hot water; high temperature hot water enters the heater (10) for transferring heat to the low temperature saturated flue gas.
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| CN202111277228.1A CN113834085A (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 | Flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system and working method thereof |
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| CN202111277228.1A CN113834085A (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 | Flue gas waste heat recovery and hot water white elimination system and working method thereof |
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| CN114719656A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-08 | 山东保蓝环保工程有限公司 | Boiler low temperature flue gas waste heat comprehensive utilization and white system takes off |
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