CN113832073B - Cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis and application thereof - Google Patents

Cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113832073B
CN113832073B CN202111224334.3A CN202111224334A CN113832073B CN 113832073 B CN113832073 B CN 113832073B CN 202111224334 A CN202111224334 A CN 202111224334A CN 113832073 B CN113832073 B CN 113832073B
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高玉时
陈大伟
陆俊贤
唐修君
刘茵茵
马丽娜
蒲俊华
葛庆联
樊艳凤
贾晓旭
黄胜海
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Jiangsu Institute Poultry Sciences
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Abstract

The invention provides a cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis and application thereof, relates to the technical field of cadmium adsorption, and provides the cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis with a preservation number of CGMCC No.22993. A novel cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis is separated from the intestinal contents of chickens, can resist the concentration of cadmium of 1000mg/L at the maximum, has the cadmium adsorption rate of more than 98% on a cadmium solution of 5mg/L under the condition of pH of 5, and has an inhibition effect on staphylococcus aureus. The cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis can be used for removing cadmium metal elements in a matrix, and the matrix can be soil, feed, culture medium and other substances needing to remove cadmium.

Description

Cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cadmium adsorption, in particular to a cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis and application thereof.
Background
Enterococcus is one of the lactic acid bacteria and was listed as an independent new bacterium in 1984. Enterococcus faecalis is a representative species in enterococcus faecalis, is gram positive, and is catalase negative, and is one of main flora in human and animal intestinal tracts. Enterococcus faecalis is widely applied to animal production practice, and has the beneficial effects of improving intestinal microenvironment, regulating intestinal flora balance, enhancing organism immunity, improving feed conversion rate and the like. The microorganism type in the "feed additive variety catalogue (2013)" issued by the Ministry of agriculture contains enterococcus faecalis. As an intestinal probiotic, it is widely used in the medical and food engineering fields. In addition, because enterococcus faecalis of animal origin is a kind of microorganism that normally exists in animal digestive tract, so have the characteristic of stronger tolerance gastric acid and bile salt effect in the intestinal, it is a facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria, is relatively suitable for being applied in the production.
Cadmium is an important toxic heavy metal element, and once the cadmium enters an animal body, the cadmium is extremely difficult to discharge from the animal body, so that the content of the cadmium in fish meal, stone powder and chicken compound feed is regulated in the feed sanitation standard to be not more than 2.0 mg/kg, 0.75 mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg respectively. However, due to the pollution of feed raw materials, cadmium waste discharged in the industrial production process directly pollutes soil, and cadmium accumulation of crops is possibly caused by the use of cadmium-containing pesticides, phosphate fertilizers and the like. The feed processing link may also cause secondary pollution. Although cadmium pollution of feed still exists, the extremely high poisoning amount of cadmium in the feed is difficult to reach under normal conditions. Thus, the contamination is more concealed. In order to prevent and reduce the harm and risk of cadmium to animals and humans, it is necessary to find a method for reducing the harm of cadmium in feed to animals. However, the prevention and control method for cadmium pollution of non-toxic doses in feed is still blank at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis which can survive in a high-concentration cadmium environment, has a strong adsorption effect on cadmium and can be used for adsorbing and removing cadmium elements in animal feed.
It is another object of the present invention to provide the use of the above-described cadmium-tolerant enterococcus faecalis.
It is another object of the invention to provide a cadmium adsorbent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of adsorbing cadmium.
The invention is realized in the following way:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis with a preservation number of CGMCC No.22993.
The strain was deposited in China general microbiological culture Collection center, address: the taxonomic designation is 1, 3 in the northern Chenxi road of the Chaoyang area of Beijing city: enterococcus faecalis (Enterococcus faecalis) has a preservation number of CGMCC No.22993.
Preferably, the 16S rRNA is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1.
Preferably, it has the following bacteriostatic properties: has the characteristics of inhibiting staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella. Among them, the effect of inhibiting staphylococcus aureus is best, and the second is to inhibit escherichia coli and salmonella.
Preferably, the concentration of the resistant bile salt of the cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis is 0.3%.
Preferably, the cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis has a cadmium adsorption rate of more than 98% to a 5mg/L cadmium solution at a pH of 6.
The invention separates a new cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis from the intestinal contents of chickens, can resist the concentration of cadmium of 1000mg/L at the maximum, has the cadmium adsorption rate of more than 98% on a cadmium solution of 5mg/L under the condition of pH of 6, and has an inhibition effect on staphylococcus aureus. The cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis can be used for removing cadmium metal elements in a matrix, and the matrix can be soil, feed, culture medium and other substances needing to remove cadmium.
In a second aspect, the invention provides application of the cadmium-resistant lactobacillus in preparing a cadmium adsorbent.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a cadmium adsorbent comprising the cadmium-tolerant lactic acid bacteria described above.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for adsorbing cadmium, comprising: the cadmium-resistant lactobacillus is added into the substrate which needs to remove cadmium.
Preferably, the pH of the matrix is controlled to be 2.6-7.
Preferably, the pH of the matrix is controlled to be 5.8-6.2.
The technical effects are as follows:
the invention separates a new cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis from the intestinal contents of chickens, can resist the concentration of cadmium of 1000mg/L at the maximum, has the cadmium adsorption rate of more than 98% on a cadmium solution of 5mg/L under the condition of pH of 5, and has an inhibition effect on staphylococcus aureus. The cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis can be used for removing cadmium metal elements in a matrix, and the matrix can be soil, feed, culture medium and other substances needing to remove cadmium.
The cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis has good cadmium adsorption rate under the condition of pH of 2.6-7, for example, the cadmium adsorption rate exceeds 98% under the condition of pH of 5.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows the gram staining results of enterococcus faecalis;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope observation result of enterococcus faecalis;
FIG. 3 shows colony morphology of enterococcus faecalis with cadmium-resistant sodium esculin and agar plates;
FIG. 4 is a result of a tree constructed from the 16S rRNA sequence of CLE01.
FIG. 5 enterococcus faecalis maximum cadmium tolerance concentration.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
1. Separation and identification of cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis
The samples were derived from chicken intestinal contents. Taking intestinal tract content 1g, and gradually diluting with sterile physiological saline solution to 10 -8 Respectively taking 100 mu L of each stage of dilution liquid drop on an MRS solid culture medium containing 50mg/L of Cd, culturing for 48 hours at 37 ℃, picking single colony, continuously inoculating on the MRS solid culture medium containing 100mg/L of Cd, continuously culturing for 48 hours, picking single colony, repeatedly inoculating on the MRS solid culture medium containing 100mg/L of Cd, and culturing for 48 hours to obtain the single colony which is the strain resistant to 100mg/L of cadmium. Named CLE01.
Identification of enterococcus faecalis
2.1 gram staining
A single colony of enterococcus faecalis was picked up and mixed well in 10. Mu.L of sterile physiological saline solution, spread on a sterile glass slide, quickly fixed on a flame, cooled, and then subjected to a gram staining procedure, and observed under a microscope with an oil microscope to determine gram positive cocci, as shown in FIG. 1.
2.2 scanning Electron microscope observation
1. After the strain obtained in the step 1 is subjected to shaking culture for 18 hours at 37 ℃ by using an MRS liquid culture medium, 20mL of culture solution is taken, centrifugation is carried out at 3000-4000rpm, supernatant is removed, and 0.1M PBS with proper PH is added for three times of cleaning; the temperature of the bacteria is gently blown to be suspended during cleaning.
2. Fixation, fixation with 0.25% glutaraldehyde for 3h, washing with PBS twice for 10min each. And then the mixture is washed twice by pure water.
3. Gradient dehydration: dehydrating the sample with an aqueous solution of ethanol according to concentration gradients of 30%, 50%, 70%, 80% and 90%, each step for 15min, dehydrating for 15min x 2 times in an aqueous solution of 100% ethanol, and placing the sample in a mixed solution of ethanol and tert-butanol 1:1 for 15min; finally, the sample is placed in tertiary butanol for 15min for 2 times.
4. And (3) freeze drying: the processed sample is placed on a cover glass with the thickness of 5mm and is frozen in a refrigerator with the temperature of-80 ℃ and then is placed in a freeze drying agent for freeze drying,
5. and (3) electron microscope observation: and after the sample is sufficiently dried, scanning electron microscope observation is carried out.
As seen in FIG. 2, the cells are spherical or ellipsoidal, smooth in surface, scattered or in the form of short beads.
2.3 identification of bile esculin sodium azide agar Medium
61.6 g of bile esculin sodium azide agar medium is weighed, dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water by heating, sterilized for 15 minutes at 121 ℃, cooled to about 50 ℃, and poured into a sterile plate for standby. A single colony of enterococcus faecalis is selected for three-region lineation on a bile esculin sodium azide agar medium plate. Inverted culturing at 36+ -1deg.C for 24 hr+ -2 hr. The culture results are shown in FIG. 3. The bile esculin sodium azide agar plate is a bacterial colony which is gray brown to black, round, convex, smooth in surface, neat in edge and about 1mm in diameter. The control lactobacillus was not discolored.
2.4 16S rRNA biological identification
After the strain obtained in the above 1 was subjected to shaking culture at 37℃for 18 hours in MRS liquid medium, 1mL of the culture solution was taken, and strain DNA was extracted according to the requirements of TIANGEN bacterial DNA extraction kit (No: DP 302). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified using bacterial 16S rRNA gene universal primers (Table 1). The PCR amplification procedure was: 95 ℃ 1min,95 ℃ 30s,52 ℃ 30s,72 ℃ 2min,35 cycles, 16 ℃. Taking 5 mu L of PCR amplified products, carrying out electrophoresis by using 1% agarose gel, sequencing the rest PCR products by a biotechnology company, and comparing sequencing results with NCBI database to determine lactobacillus species.
TABLE 1 16S rRNA Gene amplification primers
Figure BDA0003309896470000041
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Figure BDA0003309896470000051
The sequencing results were as follows (SEQ ID NO. 1):
GAGCCAAGCAGCTCTATAATGCAGTCGACGCTTCTTTCCTCCCGAGTGCTTGCACTCAATTGGAAAGAGGAGTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGGTAACCTACCCATCAGAGGGGGATAACACTTGGAAACAGGTGCTAATACCGCATAACAGTTTATGCCGCATGGCATAAGAGTGAAAGGCGCTTTCGGGTGTCGCTGATGGATGGACCCGCGGTGCATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAACGGCTCACCAAGGCCACGATGCATAGCCGACCTGAGAGGGTGATCGGCCACACTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCGGCAATGGACGAAAGTCTGACCGAGCAACGCCGCGTGAGTGAAGAAGGTTTTCGGATCGTAAAACTCTGTTGTTAGAGAAGAACAAGGACGTTAGTAACTGAACGTCCCCTGACGGTATCTAACCAGAAAGCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCAAGCGTTGTCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGAGCGCAGGCGGTTTCTTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCCCCGGCTCAACCGGGGAGGGTCATTGGAAACTGGGAGACTTGAGTGCAGAAGAGGAGAGTGGAATTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAGGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGCTCTCTGGTCTGTAACTGACGCTGAGGCTCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGAGTGCTAAGTGTTGGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTCAGTGCTGCAGCAAACGCATTAAGCACTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGACCGCAAGGTTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATCCTTTGACCACTCTAGAGATAGAGCTTTCCCTTCGGGGACAAAGTGACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTATTGTTAGTTGCCATCATTTAGTTGGGCACTCTAGCGAGACTGCCGGTGACAAACCGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGACCTGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGGAAGTACAACGAGTCGCTAGACCGCGAGGTCATGCAAATCTCTTAAAGCTTCTCTCAGTTCGGATTGCAGGCTGCAACTCGCCTGCATGAAGCCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCGGATCAGCACGCCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCACGAGAGTTTGTAACACCCGAAGTCGGTGAGGTAACCTTTTGGAGCCAGCCGCCTAAAAGTTCATAAGACA
results of the evolution tree constructed based on the 16s rRNA sequence are shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen from the results of FIG. 4 that CLE01 is a novel strain of enterococcus faecalis different from the existing strain.
2.5 enterococcus faecalis maximum cadmium tolerance
The enterococcus faecalis in the above 1 is inoculated into 5mL MRS liquid culture medium according to 1% inoculation amount for culturing 18h, adjusting absorbance to 1 (OD 600), and gradually diluting to 10 -1 、10 -2 、10 -3 、10 -4 、10 -5 100 mu L of the strain is respectively dripped on MRS solid culture media containing 100mg/L, 200mg/L, 400mg/L, 800mg/L and 1000mg/L of Cd, the observation result is carried out at 37 ℃ for 72 hours, the maximum cadmium tolerance concentration of enterococcus faecalis is determined, the enterococcus faecalis strain with the maximum cadmium tolerance concentration is inoculated in MRS liquid culture media containing 100mg/L, 200mg/L, 400mg/L, 800mg/L and 1000mg/L of cadmium, and the culture is carried out at 37 ℃ in a shaking way for 48 hours. The results show that it can tolerate the growth of a maximum cadmium concentration of 1000mg/L, as shown in FIG. 5.
2.6 adsorption of enterococcus faecalis on cadmium ions in solution
Inoculating enterococcus faecalis in the above 1 to 5mL MRS liquid culture medium according to 1% inoculum size, culturing for 18h, centrifuging at 10000r/min for 10min, removing supernatant, washing precipitate with ultrapure water, adjusting absorbance to 1 (OD 600), taking 0.5mL solution, still centrifuging at 10000r/min for 10min, adding 0.5mL 5mg/L cadmium solution with pH of 5.0 into supernatant for suspension precipitation, oscillating at 37 ℃ for 2h at moderate speed, centrifuging at 10000r/min for 10min, taking supernatant, diluting with proper times, and measuring cadmium content in the solution by a graphite furnace method. And (3) calculating the cadmium adsorption rate of enterococcus faecalis by using the formula (1).
Adsorption rate (%) =100% - (C) 1 /C 0 )×100% (1)
Wherein C is 0 For initial cadmium solution concentration, C 1 The concentration of cadmium solution in the final supernatant.
The result shows that the adsorption rate of the enterococcus faecalis to 5mg/L cadmium solution (pH 5) is more than 98 percent.
2.7 antibacterial Properties of enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecalis in 1 above was inoculated into 5mL of MRS liquid medium at an inoculum size of 1% and cultured for 18 hours, the absorbance was adjusted to 1 (OD 600), 1mL of MRS culture solution was taken out in a sterile tube, and 6mm sterile filter paper sheets were immersed in the MRS culture solution, respectively. Adjusting absorbance of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella to 0.08-0.1 (OD 600), respectively taking 50 mu L of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella to be uniformly coated with LB culture medium, respectively spreading filter paper sheets on a bacterial culture plate, and culturing the staphylococcus aureus, the escherichia coli and the salmonella at 37 ℃ for 24 hours to determine antibacterial property of the enterococcus faecalis. The results showed that the enterococcus faecalis has the best inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli and Salmonella, table 3.
TABLE 3 determination of antibacterial ability of CLE01
Figure BDA0003309896470000061
Figure BDA0003309896470000071
2.8 enterococcus faecalis resistant bile salts
The enterococcus faecalis of the above 1 is inoculated into MRS broth culture medium for culturing 18h with 2% inoculation amount, centrifugating at 8000rpm for 10min, removing supernatant, resuspending thallus with MRS broth culture medium containing 0.3%, 0.5% and 1% concentration bile salt, culturing for 2h and 4h respectively, and diluting 1mL bacterial solution with sterile physiological saline to 10 times -5 100 μl of the diluted solution is uniformly spread on MRS agar medium, anaerobic culture is carried out at 37 ℃ for 36h, bacterial colony number is counted, survival rate is calculated, and the concentration of the lactic acid bacteria resistant bile salt is determined.
The results showed that 0.5% and 1% bile salt treatment survivors were 0 and that the enterococcus faecalis was tolerant to 0.3% bile salts.
TABLE 4 tolerance of cadmium-tolerant enterococcus faecalis to 0.3% bile salts
Figure BDA0003309896470000072
In conclusion, the maximum tolerant cadmium concentration of the enterococcus faecalis is 1000mg/L, the cadmium adsorption rate of the enterococcus faecalis to a 5mg/L cadmium solution (pH 5) is more than 98%, and the enterococcus faecalis can tolerate 0.3% of bile salts, so that the growth of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli can be inhibited.
The CLE01 strain was deposited at the China general microbiological culture Collection center, address: the taxonomic designation is 1, 3 in the northern Chenxi road of the Chaoyang area of Beijing city: enterococcus faecalis (Enterococcus faecalis) has a preservation number of CGMCC No.22993.
Example 2
Adsorption of enterococcus faecalis CLE01 on cadmium ions in solution
Enterococcus faecalis CLE01 is inoculated into 5mL of MRS liquid culture medium according to the inoculum size of 1% for 18h, centrifuged at 10000r/min for 10min, the supernatant is removed, the absorbance is adjusted to 1 (OD 600) after the precipitation is washed by ultrapure water, 0.5mL of solution is still taken and centrifuged at 10000r/min for 10min, 0.5mL of 5mg/L cadmium solution with pH of 2.6, 4.0, 6.0 and 7.0 is respectively added into the supernatant for suspension precipitation, after shaking at 37 ℃ and medium speed for 2h, 10000r/min is rotated, centrifuged for 10min, the supernatant is taken, and the cadmium content in the solution is measured by a graphite furnace method after dilution by proper times. And (3) calculating the cadmium adsorption rate of enterococcus faecalis by using the formula (1).
Adsorption rate (%) =100% - (C) 1 /C 0 )×100%
Wherein C is 0 For initial cadmium solution concentration, C 1 The concentration of cadmium solution in the final supernatant.
The results in Table 5 show that the pH has a greater effect on the adsorption of cadmium by the strain. The adsorption rate of enterococcus faecalis to 5mg/L cadmium solution is lower than 20% when the pH value is 2.5, the adsorption rate of cadmium is increased along with the increase of the pH value, the highest adsorption rate of cadmium is up to 98.5% when the pH value is 5.0, and the adsorption rate of cadmium is close to 60% when the pH value is 7.0.
TABLE 5 adsorption of CLE01 on cadmium solution
Figure BDA0003309896470000081
The foregoing has outlined the basic principles, features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Sequence listing
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gagccaagca gctctataat gcagtcgacg cttctttcct cccgagtgct tgcactcaat 60
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ccacggctaa ctacgtgcca gcagccgcgg taatacgtag gtggcaagcg ttgtccggat 540
ttattgggcg taaagcgagc gcaggcggtt tcttaagtct gatgtgaaag cccccggctc 600
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agcaaacgca ttaagcactc cgcctgggga gtacgaccgc aaggttgaaa ctcaaaggaa 900
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gcccgtcaca ccacgagagt ttgtaacacc cgaagtcggt gaggtaacct tttggagcca 1440
gccgcctaaa agttcataag aca 1463

Claims (10)

1. The cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis is characterized in that the enterococcus faecalis (Enterococcus faecalis) is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) with the preservation number of CGMCC No.22993.
2. The enterococcus faecalis with cadmium resistance according to claim 1, wherein the 16S rRNA gene has a base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1.
3. The cadmium-resistant enterococcus faecalis according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has the following bacteriostatic properties: has the characteristics of inhibiting staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella.
4. The cadmium-tolerant enterococcus faecalis of claim 1, wherein said cadmium-tolerant enterococcus faecalis has a concentration of 0.3% bile salts.
5. The cadmium-tolerant enterococcus faecalis of claim 1, wherein said cadmium-tolerant enterococcus faecalis has a cadmium adsorption rate of more than 98% for 5mg/L of cadmium solution at a pH of 5.
6. Use of the cadmium-tolerant enterococcus faecalis according to claim 1 or 2 for the preparation of a cadmium adsorbent.
7. A cadmium adsorbent comprising the cadmium-tolerant enterococcus faecalis according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. A method for adsorbing cadmium, comprising: the addition of a cadmium tolerant enterococcus faecalis according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to a substrate in need of cadmium removal.
9. The method of adsorbing cadmium according to claim 8 wherein the pH of the substrate is controlled to be 2.6-7.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the pH of the substrate is controlled to be between 5.8 and 6.2.
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