CN113831513A - 一种有机聚合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种有机聚合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚合物纳米粒子材料的制备和性质研究是包括材料,化学,医学等学科交叉研究的热点方向。聚合物纳米颗粒是一维尺寸至少在10~100nm范围内的颗粒或颗粒材料。聚合物纳米颗粒由于其体积小、体积比高、孔径可调等特点,在药物输送、生物传感器、刺激响应、货物输送、纳米复合材料、农业和环境应用等领域有着广泛的应用,其中,有机聚合物纳米颗粒是一种极为重要的纳米材料,因为其可调节的尺寸和内部结构、多样的功能性、生物相容性等性质,在包括光电子、光子学、生物成像、生物检测和纳米医学不同的领域有着重要的应用价值。目前而言,有机聚合物纳米颗粒的制备方法有乳液聚合法,自组装法,聚合物单分子链交联法等方法,通过这些方法得到的纳米粒子绝大部分是软的纳米粒子。另外一类有机纳米粒子是通过芳香分子共价偶联形成的聚合物,例如共价有机框架,有机微孔聚合物纳米粒子,这类型的纳米粒子往往是刚性结构。
因此,有必要开发一种既具有刚性又有柔性的有机聚合物。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题之一。为此,本发明提供了一种有机聚合物,所述有机聚合物为纳米尺寸,兼具柔性和刚性的特点。
本发明还提供了一种有机聚合物的制备方法。
本发明还提供了一种有机聚合物的应用。
本发明的第一方面提供了一种有机聚合物,所述聚合物的结构式如下所示:
其中,n为正整数,n为4~8。
本发明实施例的有机聚合物至少具有以下有益效果:
本发明选择刚性的芳香性单体与柔性脂肪族碳链通过共价偶联形成有机聚合物,使得有机聚合物既具有柔性还具有刚性,并且还具有荧光性质,可以用于荧光检测,尤其适用于重金属离子的荧光检测。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物,所述n为6。当所述n为6时,碳链更长更容易发生分子内配位,形成的空间结构更稳定。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物,所述有机聚合物的平均粒径为20~40nm,所述有机聚合物的平均粒径在20~40nm,其荧光效果更好。
第二方面,本发明的一个实施例提供了一种有机聚合物的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
S1.将化合物1与X-(CH2)2n-X在第一溶剂和第一无机碱中加热回流并进行反应,得到化合物2;所述n为正整数,n为4~8;所述X为溴原子、氯原子中的一种;
S2.将步骤S1中的化合物2与亚铁盐在第二溶剂中加热回流进行反应,再加入四苯硼钠后,即得化合物3;
S3.在第三溶剂中,将步骤S2中的化合物3、化合物4、钯催化剂和第二无机碱加热回流进行反应,得到化合物5;
其中,所述化合物1~5的结构式如下:
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,化合物1可以购买得到,也可以制备得到。
作为其中一种的实施方式,化合物1根据如下方法制备得到:
将4-溴-2-羟基苯甲醛、2-乙酰基吡啶和氢氧化钠在乙醇中进行反应、加入氨水,继续加热回流反应即得化合物1。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,所述第一溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,所述第一无机碱为碳酸钾、碳酸钠中的一种。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,所述钯催化剂为四(三苯基膦)钯。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,所述第三溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,所述第二溶剂为氯仿、甲醇中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,所述第二无机碱为碳酸钾、碳酸钠中的一种。
本发明中所述“第一”和“第二”只是为了用于区分,并不代表两者的内容一定是不同。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,所述亚铁盐为氯化亚铁。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,步骤S1中的加热回流温度为80~100℃,反应时间为36~48h。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,步骤S2中的加热回流温度为50~70℃,反应时间为12~24h。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的制备方法,步骤S3中的加热回流温度为80~100℃,反应时间为72~96h。
第三方面,本发明的一个实施例提供了一种有机聚合物在荧光检测中的应用。
根据本发明的一些实施例的有机聚合物的应用,所述荧光检用于检测重金属离子。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备的化合物1的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2是实施例1制备的化合物1的核磁共振碳谱图;
图3是实施例1制备的化合物2的核磁共振氢谱图;
图4是实施例1制备的化合物2的核磁共振碳谱图;
图5是实施例1制备的化合物3的核磁共振氢谱图;
图6是实施例1制备的有机聚合物5的核磁共振氢谱图;
图7是实施例1制备的有机聚合物5的核磁共振碳谱图;
图8是实施例1制备的有机聚合物5的荧光光谱图;
图9是实施例1制备的有机聚合物5的紫外可见光谱图;
图10是实施例1制备的有聚合物5的TEM图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备,可以直接购买或通过已知文献方法合成。
实施例1
实施例1提供一种有机聚合物,其结构式如下所示:
所述n为6。
所述有机聚合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
制备化合物1:将4-溴-2-羟基苯甲醛(11.2g,56mmol)、2-乙酰基吡啶(18.2g,135mmol)、氢氧化钠(10.8g,270mmol)加入到500mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入乙醇140mL,常温搅拌8h后,加入140mL氨水,70℃回流24h停止反应,待冷却后抽滤,滤饼用异丙醇超声回流洗涤后放入烘箱,即得化合物1(14.3g,63%)。
S1.将化合物1(5.0g,12.4mmol)、1,12-二溴十二烷(1.7g,5.2mmol)、碳酸钾(2.14g,15.5mmol)加入到250mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺30mL,90℃回流24h,反应结束后加入去离子水有沉淀,冷却后抽滤,滤饼用甲醇洗涤三次后用二氯甲烷溶解,将溶液用旋转蒸发仪旋干,再次加甲醇超声洗涤后抽滤,滤饼即为粗产物化合物2(4.9g,97.7%)。
S2.将化合物2(500mg,0.51mmol)加入到250mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入30mL氯仿溶解。将FeCl2·4H2O(101mg,0.51mmol)溶解于30mL甲醇缓慢加入化合物2溶液中,65℃搅拌回流24h,停止反应恢复到室温,加入过量的四苯硼钠甲醇溶液形成沉淀,抽滤后的沉淀用去离子水洗三次,真空烘箱干燥后的得化合物3(809mg,95%)。
S3.将化合物3(340mg,0.2mmol)、化合物4(83mg,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(112mg,0.8mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(29mg,0.025mmol)加入到100mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入25mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和15mL四氢呋喃,N2保护下90℃搅拌回流三天,停止反应冷却至室温,加入甲醇形成沉淀,抽滤后沉淀置于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入过量乙二胺四乙酸钠,搅拌12h。溶液用二氯甲烷和水萃取,有机相旋干后固体用甲醇超声回流洗,抽滤干燥后得到有机聚合物5(150mg,80%)。
上述化合物1的核磁氢谱和碳谱的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ=8.68(s,2H),8.65(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),8.56(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.96(td,J=7.8,1.8Hz,2H),7.43(ddd,J=7.5,4.9,1.1Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.67(dd,J=8.2,2.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ=161.60,159.18,156.42,154.37,154.23,142.28,134.94,129.39,128.90,128.83,128.03,125.88,125.75,124.30,114.87;ESI/MS(m/z):Calcd.for[C21H14BrN3O]+:404.27,Found:404.27.
上述化合物2的核磁氢谱和碳谱的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.70–8.60(m,12H),7.83(td,J=7.7,1.8Hz,4H),7.43(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.29(ddd,J=7.5,4.8,1.1Hz,4H),7.19(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,2H),7.13(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),3.99(t,J=6.2Hz,4H),1.75–1.58(m,4H)1.35–1.33(m,4H),0.99(m,8H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ=156.96,156.36,155.20,149.09,147.43,136.76,131.62,127.37,123.80,123.63,123.29,121.58,121.21,115.74,68.90,29.44,29.31,29.30,29.02,26.06;ESI/MS(m/z):Calcd.for[C54H50Br2N6O2]+:974.84,Found:974.84.
上述化合物3的核磁氢谱的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3CN)δ9.19(s,1H),8.95(s,1H),8.52(s,1H),8.40(s,1H),7.86(s,3H),7.54(s,2H),7.39(s,1H),7.26(s,8H),7.07(s,1H),6.97(s,8H),6.83(s,5H),4.26(s,2H),1.80(s,2H),1.30(s,2H),0.96(s,2H).
上述有机聚合物5的核磁氢谱和碳谱的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.69(d,J=46.2Hz,3H),7.61(dd,J=77.3,33.5Hz,4H),4.07(s,1H),1.75(d,J=58.3Hz,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ=155.49,154.13,154.07,148.07,147.04,141.42,135.72,135.66,130.47,129.95,126.20,125.49,125.36,122.48,120.71,120.16,118.33,67.41,28.32.ESI/MS(m/z):Calcd.For[C135H118Br2O4]:2128.8,Found:2128.8.
实施例2
实施例2提供一种有机聚合物,所述有机聚合物的结构式如下所示:
所述n为4。
所述有机聚合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.将上述实施例1制备的化合物1(5.0g,12.4mmol)、1,8-二溴辛烷(1.42g,5.2mmol)、碳酸钾(2.14g,15.5mmol)加入到250mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺30mL,90℃回流24h,反应结束后加入去离子水有沉淀,冷却后抽滤,滤饼用甲醇洗涤三次后用二氯甲烷溶解,将溶液用旋转蒸发仪旋干,再次加甲醇超声洗涤后抽滤,滤饼即为粗产物化合物2。
S2.将化合物2(468mg,0.51mmol)加入到250mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入30mL氯仿溶解。将FeCl2·4H2O(101mg,0.51mmol)溶解于30mL甲醇缓慢加入化合物2溶液中,65℃搅拌回流24h,停止反应恢复到室温,加入过量的四苯硼钠甲醇溶液形成沉淀,抽滤后的沉淀用去离子水洗三次,真空烘箱干燥后的得化合物3。
S3.将化合物3(340mg,0.2mmol)、化合物4(83mg,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(112mg,0.8mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(29mg,0.025mmol)加入到100mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入25mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和15mL四氢呋喃,N2保护下90℃搅拌回流三天,停止反应冷却至室温,加入甲醇形成沉淀,抽滤后沉淀置于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入过量乙二胺四乙酸钠,搅拌12h。溶液用二氯甲烷和水萃取,有机相旋干后固体用甲醇超声回流洗,抽滤干燥后得到有机聚合物5。
实施例3
所述n为8。
所述有机聚合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.将实施例1制备的化合物1(5.0g,12.4mmol)、1,16-二溴十六烷(2.0g,5.2mmol)、碳酸钾(2.14g,15.5mmol)加入到250mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺30mL,90℃回流24h,反应结束后加入去离子水有沉淀,冷却后抽滤,滤饼用甲醇洗涤三次后用二氯甲烷溶解,将溶液用旋转蒸发仪旋干,再次加甲醇超声洗涤后抽滤,滤饼即为粗产物化合物2。
S2.将化合物2(525mg,0.51mmol)加入到250mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入30mL氯仿溶解。将FeCl2·4H2O(101mg,0.51mmol)溶解于30mL甲醇缓慢加入化合物2溶液中,65℃搅拌回流24h,停止反应恢复到室温,加入过量的四苯硼钠甲醇溶液形成沉淀,抽滤后的沉淀用去离子水洗三次,真空烘箱干燥后的得化合物3。
S3.将化合物3(340mg,0.2mmol)、化合物4(83mg,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(112mg,0.8mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(29mg,0.025mmol)加入到100mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入25mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和15mL四氢呋喃,N2保护下90℃搅拌回流三天,停止反应冷却至室温,加入甲醇形成沉淀,抽滤后沉淀置于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入过量乙二胺四乙酸钠,搅拌12h。溶液用二氯甲烷和水萃取,有机相旋干后固体用甲醇超声回流洗,抽滤干燥后得到有机聚合物5。
性能检测
将上述实施例1制备的有机聚合物进行荧光检测和紫外光检测:
荧光具体检测步骤为:配置三份实施例1制备的有机聚合物的浓度为0.01mg/mL,编号1,2,3组,选择型号日立F4600的荧光仪,首先将不含金属离子的有机聚合物溶液放在检测室中,设置参数,选择280nm作为激发波长,将Scan mode选择成Emission,EX WL:280nm、EM start WL:300nm、EM End WL:700nm,Scan speed为1200nm/min,EX Slit:5nm、EMSlit:5nm、PMT Voltage:400V。开始检测,得到数据;将2组和3组分别加入金属离子铁和锌,继续测试,得到试验数据。
紫外光具体检测步骤为:配置三份实施例1制备的有机聚合物的浓度为0.01mg/mL,编号1,2,3组,选择测试仪器型号为evolution 201。首先将1组放入到检测室中,将扫描范围调制200-700nm,全扫。在紫外波谱图完成之后保存数据。后面2组、3组分别加入金属离子铁和锌,继续测试。
结果如图8和图9所示:图8和图9为在甲醇/氯仿体积为1:1混合溶剂中以及加入不同金属离子Fe2+(PN-Fe)和Zn2+(PN-Zn)后的荧光光谱图和紫外吸收光谱图,有机聚合物(PN)的浓度为0.01mg/mL。
有机聚合物5以及加金属Fe/Zn后的纳米粒子范围在280-400nm范围内的紫外可见吸收对应聚合物纳米粒子的三联吡啶单元的Π-Π*跃迁和n-Π*跃迁吸收,且加入金属离子后配体中心的吸收发生红移。加入Fe2+后的纳米粒子在570nm左右的吸收对应三联吡啶-金属配位后的金属到配体的电荷转移吸收(MLCT)。
有机聚合物5在475nm左右的荧光发射对应三联吡啶基团的Π*-Π荧光发射。加入Zn2+粒子后三联吡啶的吸电子能力得到了加强,激发态的能量降低,发射波峰发生红移。
将实施例1制备的有机聚合物进行TEM测试:将有机聚合物浓度配成0.01mg/mL,超声数十分钟后,用移液枪将该溶液滴加到超薄有机铜网上,然后用200kV场发射透射电子显微镜(型号为JEOL JEM-2100F)进行测试。
从图10可以看出,实施例1制备的有机聚合物5的平均粒径在20~40nm左右。
上述实施例2~3制备的有机聚合物经过核磁确认结构,与实施例1具有相似的荧光性质。
上面结合实施例对本发明作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述有机聚合物,其特征在于,所述n为6。
3.根据权利要求1所述有机聚合物,其特征在于,所述有机聚合物的平均粒径为20~40nm。
5.根据权利要求4所述有机聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
6.根据权利要求4所述有机聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一无机碱为碳酸钾。
7.根据权利要求4所述有机聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钯催化剂为四(三苯基膦)钯。
8.根据权利要求4所述有机聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第三溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的有机聚合物在荧光检测中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述荧光检测用于检测重金属离子。
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