CN113826765A - 一种宠物用素食罐头及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种宠物用素食罐头及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113826765A CN113826765A CN202111149493.1A CN202111149493A CN113826765A CN 113826765 A CN113826765 A CN 113826765A CN 202111149493 A CN202111149493 A CN 202111149493A CN 113826765 A CN113826765 A CN 113826765A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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Abstract
本发明属于宠物食品领域，具体涉及一种宠物用素食罐头及其制备方法和应用，其组分按质量百分比包括：蛋白粉5％～10％、蘑菇粉0％～5％、马铃薯0％～5％、胡萝卜0％～5％、宠物诱食剂0％～5％、食盐0％～3％、海藻粉0％～5％、亚麻籽油0％～3％、黄原胶0％～3％、牛磺酸0％～3％、赖氨酸0％～5％、维生素和矿物质0％～5％，其余用水补足。相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果为：通过动物试验，发现其适口性良好；其以植物蛋白为主的素食配方，科学配比，针对改善宠物肥胖、胃肠功能消化差等问题，也适合术后调理、恢复期的宠物和对动物源性蛋白过敏，或只能素食的宠物食用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于宠物食品领域，具体涉及一种宠物用素食罐头及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
当前宠物市场上，宠物食品种类丰富，数量繁多。大多宠物主以干粮作为主粮，辅以罐头等湿粮作为饮食搭配。宠物罐头是一种常见的宠物食品，会用来改善宠物日常饮食。目前市面上99％的宠物罐头都是以各种肉类为主要原料，容易造成营养过剩，引发肥胖，对宠物健康造成影响。而且现今全球有4亿多的素食主义者，他们的素食理念时时刻刻影响着他们的消费模式，包括为他们的宠物购买宠物食品时。因此开发一款素食罐头是有一定意义和价值的，有助于宠物主关注宠物的营养均衡问题，更新养宠理念。
发明内容
因为市面上的宠物罐头基本上是以各种肉类为主要原料，易造成营养过剩，引发宠物肥胖、消化不良等健康问题。而且现今全球有4亿多的素食主义者，他们更希望帮自己的宠物买到素食类的宠物食品。为了克服上述缺陷，本发明目的是研发出一种具有较佳适口性、改善宠物肥胖和胃肠功能的宠物用素食罐头及其制备方法和应用。
为了实现上述目标，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种宠物用素食罐头，其组分按质量百分比包括：蛋白粉5％～10％、蘑菇粉0％～5％、马铃薯0％～5％、胡萝卜0％～5％、宠物诱食剂0％～5％、食盐0％～3％、海藻粉0％～5％、亚麻籽油0％～3％、黄原胶0％～3％、牛磺酸0％～3％、赖氨酸0％～5％、维生素和矿物质0％～5％，其余用水补足。
进一步地，其组分按质量百分比还包括：啤酒酵母粉0％～5％和/或猫草提取物0％～5％。所述的猫草提取物即猫薄荷提取物。
根据动物适口性实验，调整各组分之间的配比，从营养、适口性等方面考虑，这样组合配比效果最好。
进一步地，所述蛋白粉为豌豆蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白粉、大豆肽粉等其中之一、之二或者全部混合的成份。
进一步地，所述蘑菇粉为姬松茸粉、茶树菇粉、香菇粉等其中之一、之二或者全部混合的成份。
进一步地，所述马铃薯、胡萝卜为生鲜蔬菜。
进一步地，所述维生素和矿物质为宠物微量元素添加剂(即矿物质)和宠物复合维生素添加剂(即复合维生素)的混合物。维生素和矿物质中，宠物微量元素添加剂、宠物复合维生素添加剂的质量比为1:1。可选用市场上任意可购买到的宠物微量元素添加剂、宠物复合维生素添加剂，均能实现发明目的。
其中，所述的豌豆蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白粉等从武汉冠赢生物科技有限公司购买，姬松茸粉、茶树菇粉、香菇粉等从绿尔佳食品森皇菌菇企业店购买，宠物诱食剂从上海翼邦生物技术有限公司购买，海藻粉从江苏燕科生物工程有限公司购买，亚麻籽油从湖南纯湘农业科技有限公司购买，黄原胶、牛磺酸、赖氨酸从山东西唐生物科技有限公司购买，宠物微量元素添加剂、宠物复合维生素添加剂从珠海市维诺种养有限公司购买，宠物复合维生素添加剂由维生素A、维生素D3、维生素E、维生素K3、泛酸钙、烟酰胺、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、叶酸组成；宠物微量元素添加剂由硫酸亚铁、硫酸镁、硫酸铜、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、硫酸钾、氯化钠、轻质碳酸钙组成；啤酒酵母粉从山东中牧药业有限公司购买，猫薄荷提取物从西安青芷生物技术有限公司购买。
优选，其组分按照以下质量百分比：豌豆蛋白粉1％～3％、大豆分离蛋白粉3％～5％、香菇粉0.5％～1.5％、马铃薯1％～2％、胡萝卜1％～2％、啤酒酵母粉1％～3％、宠物诱食剂1％～3％、食盐0.5％～1.5％、猫薄荷提取物1％～3％、亚麻籽油0.5％～1.5％、黄原胶0.1％～1％、牛磺酸0.2％、赖氨酸1.2％、维生素和矿物质1.5％，其余用水补足。
优选，其组分按照以下质量百分比：豌豆蛋白粉1％～3％、大豆分离蛋白粉3％～5％、香菇粉0.5％～1.5％、马铃薯1％～2％、胡萝卜1％～2％、啤酒酵母粉1％～3％、宠物诱食剂1％～3％、食盐0.5％～1.5％、海藻粉1％～3％、亚麻籽油0.5％～1.5％、黄原胶0.1％～1％、牛磺酸0.2％、赖氨酸1.2％、维生素和矿物质1.5％，其余用水补足。
优选，其组分按照以下质量百分比：豌豆蛋白粉3％～5％、大豆分离蛋白粉1％～3％、香菇粉0.5％～1.5％、马铃薯1％～3％、胡萝卜1％～3％、啤酒酵母粉2％～4％、宠物诱食剂1％～3％、食盐0.5％～1.5％、猫薄荷提取物1％～3％、亚麻籽油0.5％～1.5％、黄原胶0.1％～1％、牛磺酸0.2％、赖氨酸1.2％、维生素和矿物质1.5％，其余用水补足。
本发明另一方面提供一种宠物用素食罐头的制备方法，由于原料多为粉末料，所以搅拌更为费时费力，在进行杀菌保温时也要结合物料形态进行参数改变，将各种原料进行混合最终以慕斯状的形态呈现。
进一步地，所述混合的过程中加入水。
本发明的宠物用素食罐头的制备步骤如下：
(1)原料准备：按照前述的宠物用素食罐头的质量百分比组分称取备用；
(2)混料：分三次加料，首先添加蛋白粉、蘑菇粉、啤酒酵母粉和/或猫草提取物、宠物诱食剂和食盐；再加入用粉粹机打成糊状的生马铃薯、生胡萝卜；最后加入海藻粉、黄原胶、牛磺酸、赖氨酸、维生素和矿物质、亚麻籽油和水混合均匀；在加水时，先加入五分之二的水，搅拌均匀成黏稠糊状，无大颗粒疙瘩，再加入剩余的水，进行搅拌，制成较稀的糊状。
(3)分装：将调制好的产品进行分装，每个模具里分量相同，并用封口膜进行封装。
(4)杀菌：将分装好的物料放进蒸汽式灭菌锅中进行杀菌，程序：115℃/20min,冷却至锅内水温40℃出锅。
(5)储存：常温保存即可。
上述蛋白粉为植物蛋白粉，是从植物里提取的，植物蛋白粉常用的有玉米蛋白粉、芝麻蛋白粉、豌豆蛋白粉、大豆蛋白粉等。出于降低宠物的胆固醇的摄入，防止宠物动脉硬化、减少肝脏负担、减肥等考虑。本发明选用豌豆蛋白粉和大豆分离蛋白粉，都属于全价蛋白质，营养丰富，高蛋白、低脂、不含胆固醇。
上述蘑菇粉为香菇粉，由于香菇保健药用功能多，它富含人体必需的脂肪酸，不仅能降低血脂，又助于降低血清、胆固醇和抑制动脉血栓的形成；还能作为补钙、补铁、补磷的良好来源。此外，香菇还含有锰、锌、铜、镁、硒等微量元素，可维持机体正常代谢从而延长寿命。
大豆分离蛋白和豌豆蛋白是常见的优质蛋白质来源；蘑菇粉是用各种菌菇为主要原材料研磨制成，营养价值高，含有比较丰富的氨基酸，还有大量的蛋白质，可以增强机体的免疫力。海藻粉富含海藻多糖、甘露醇、氨基酸、蛋白质、维生素和钾、铁、钙、磷、碘、硒、钴等微量元素，营养丰富，添加在宠物罐头中能够改善其营养结构，提高食品的利用率，调节动物的机体代谢，提高免疫力与抗病力，促进生长，具有其它高蛋白原料无法比拟的特殊价值。牛磺酸对猫咪有着非常重要的作用，除了维持和增强猫咪的视力外，对猫咪的肾脏以及心肌都有极其重要的作用。赖氨酸是必需氨基酸，宠物无法在体内合成，需要额外补充。
本发明的又一方面是提供前述的宠物用素食罐头或者制备方法在改善宠物肥胖、改善宠物胃肠功能中的应用，或者宠物用素食罐头供术后调理、恢复期的宠物，对动物源性蛋白过敏的宠物，只能素食的宠物食用的用途。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果为：通过动物试验，发现其适口性良好；其以植物蛋白为主的素食配方，科学配比，针对改善宠物肥胖、胃肠功能消化差等问题，也适合术后调理、恢复期的宠物和对动物源性蛋白过敏，或只能素食的宠物食用。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。
实施例1
一种宠物用素食罐头其组分按以下质量百分比组成：豌豆蛋白粉2％、大豆分离蛋白粉4％、香菇粉1％、马铃薯1.4％、胡萝卜1.4％、啤酒酵母粉2％、宠物诱食剂2％、食盐0.6％、猫薄荷提取物2％、亚麻籽油0.5％、黄原胶0.2％、牛磺酸0.2％、赖氨酸1.2％、维生素和矿物质1.5％，水份80％。
实施例2
一种宠物用素食罐头其组分按以下质量百分比组成：豌豆蛋白粉2％、大豆分离蛋白粉4％、香菇粉1％、马铃薯1.4％、胡萝卜1.4％、啤酒酵母粉2％、宠物诱食剂2％、食盐0.6％、海藻粉2％、亚麻籽油0.5％、黄原胶0.2％、牛磺酸0.2％、赖氨酸1.2％、维生素和矿物质1.5％，水份80％。
实施例3
一种宠物用素食罐头其组分按以下质量百分比组成：豌豆蛋白粉4.2％、大豆分离蛋白粉2％、香菇粉1％、马铃薯2％、胡萝卜2％、啤酒酵母粉3％、宠物诱食剂2％、食盐0.6％、猫薄荷提取物2％、亚麻籽油0.5％、黄原胶0.3％、牛磺酸0.2％、赖氨酸1.2％、维生素和矿物质1.5％，水份77.5％。
实施例4
将市面上的某种宠物用素食罐头(作为对比例)与本发明实施例1、实施例2和实施例3制备的罐头进行适口性试验，试验包括首次选择记录、采食量记录、体重记录、粪便状态记录，测试方法如下：
实验动物：在动物实验基地预选6只身体健康1岁左右的成年猫，体重基本在4kg左右，3只公猫，3只母猫。编号1(公)、2(母)、3(公)、4(母)、5(公)、6(母)，单笼饲养。
试验周期：四周，28天。
试验方法：多盆选择法，每天定时定量的喂养6只猫，准备在上午8点、下午14点、晚上20点饲喂，每顿罐头编号①、②、③、④，每种罐头每顿提供10g，每顿提供40g，每天提供120g，猫是吃不了这么多的，那吃下去的是它所喜欢选择的。①、②、③、④分别对应市面上的某种宠物用素食罐头、实施例1制得的宠物用素食罐头、实施例2制得的宠物用素食罐头、实施例3制得的宠物用素食罐头；
(1)首次选择记录：将称好的①、②、③、④4个罐头(每种罐头称10g)随机放在猫笼中，1～6号猫笼每个猫笼都放①、②、③、④这4个罐头，观察和记录哪款素食罐头为首选饮食，记录下来作为“首次选择”项目。
附表1：首次选择记录表
| 猫号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 首次选择 | ① | ① | ④ | ② | ③ | ② |
由上表结果可知①、②2款的素食罐头比较吸引猫进食。
(2)采食量记录：试验周期28天，每天分3次定点定量在上午8点、下午14点、晚上20点饲喂猫，并记录下上一次猫的采食量，数据整理好，选择第7天、14天、21天、28天随机每顿的采食数据，进行分析。
附表2：采食量记录表
由上表结果可知在群体数据里最受欢迎的是②号罐头。
(3)体重记录：针对现在越来越多的犬猫营养过剩，肥胖的问题，主要测试素食罐头的减重功能。称重试验猫试验开始和结束时的体重，以作比较。
附表3：体重记录表
(单位kg,精确到0.1kg)
由上表结果可知，素食罐头对宠物体重无不良影响。
(4)粪便状态记录：主要测试素食罐头是否好消化。每天上午8点喂食前，打扫清理猫笼卫生时，观察记录粪便的形态。选择第4天、11天、18天、25天的记录进行分析。
附表4：粪便状态记录表
由上表结果可知猫的粪便都处于正常状态，说明素食罐头对猫的肠道功能无不良影响。
本发明研发出一种宠物用素食罐头，考虑到谷物制品可能会让宠物产生过敏，所以选择豆类制品作为蛋白质来源，添加香菇粉来增强机体免疫力，以猫咪日常必需的牛磺酸作为添加剂。满足宠物各种营养需求的同时，合理的改善宠物饮食结构，增加宠物免疫力。
本发明的原料成分，原料基本来源于植物。功能效果：针对改善宠物肥胖、胃肠功能消化差等问题，也适合术后调理、恢复期的宠物和对动物源性蛋白过敏，或只能素食的宠物食用。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，上述实施例不以任何形式限制本发明，凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种宠物用素食罐头，其特征在于，其组分按质量百分比包括：蛋白粉5％～10％、蘑菇粉0％～5％、马铃薯0％～5％、胡萝卜0％～5％、宠物诱食剂0％～5％、食盐0％～3％、海藻粉0％～5％、亚麻籽油0％～3％、黄原胶0％～3％、牛磺酸0％～3％、赖氨酸0％～5％、维生素和矿物质0％～5％，其余用水补足。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种宠物用素食罐头，其特征在于，其组分按质量百分比还包括：啤酒酵母粉0％～5％和/或猫薄荷提取物0％～5％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种宠物用素食罐头，其特征在于，所述蛋白粉为豌豆蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白粉、大豆肽粉中的一种、两种或全部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种宠物用素食罐头，其特征在于，所述蘑菇粉为姬松茸粉、茶树菇粉、香菇粉中的一种、两种或全部。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种宠物用素食罐头，其特征在于，所述的维生素和矿物质由维生素和矿物质混合而成。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种宠物用素食罐头，其特征在于，其组分按照以下质量百分比：豌豆蛋白粉1％～3％、大豆分离蛋白粉3％～5％、香菇粉0.5％～1.5％、马铃薯1％～2％、胡萝卜1％～2％、啤酒酵母粉1％～3％、宠物诱食剂1％～3％、食盐0.5％～1.5％、猫薄荷提取物1％～3％、亚麻籽油0.5％～1.5％、黄原胶0.1％～1％、牛磺酸0.2％、赖氨酸1.2％、维生素和矿物质1.5％，其余用水补足。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种宠物用素食罐头，其特征在于，其组分按照以下质量百分比：豌豆蛋白粉1％～3％、大豆分离蛋白粉3％～5％、香菇粉0.5％～1.5％、马铃薯1％～2％、胡萝卜1％～2％、啤酒酵母粉1％～3％、宠物诱食剂1％～3％、食盐0.5％～1.5％、海藻粉1％～3％、亚麻籽油0.5％～1.5％、黄原胶0.1％～1％、牛磺酸0.2％、赖氨酸1.2％、维生素和矿物质1.5％，其余用水补足。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种宠物用素食罐头，其特征在于，其组分按照以下质量百分比：豌豆蛋白粉3％～5％、大豆分离蛋白粉1％～3％、香菇粉0.5％～1.5％、马铃薯1％～3％、胡萝卜1％～3％、啤酒酵母粉2％～4％、宠物诱食剂1％～3％、食盐0.5％～1.5％、猫薄荷提取物1％～3％、亚麻籽油0.5％～1.5％、黄原胶0.1％～1％、牛磺酸0.2％、赖氨酸1.2％、维生素和矿物质1.5％，其余用水补足。
9.一种宠物用素食罐头的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
(1)原料准备：按照权利要求1-8任意一项所述的宠物用素食罐头的质量百分比组分称取备用；
(2)混料：分三次加料，首先添加蛋白粉、蘑菇粉、啤酒酵母粉和/或猫薄荷提取物、宠物诱食剂和食盐；再加入用粉粹机打成糊状的生马铃薯、生胡萝卜；最后加入海藻粉、黄原胶、牛磺酸、赖氨酸、维生素和矿物质、亚麻籽油和水混合均匀；在加水时，先加入五分之二的水，搅拌均匀成黏稠糊状，无大颗粒疙瘩，再加入剩余的水，进行搅拌，制成较稀的糊状；
(3)分装：将调制好的产品进行分装，每个模具里分量相同，并用封口膜进行封装；
(4)杀菌：将分装好的物料放进蒸汽式灭菌锅中进行杀菌；
(5)储存。
10.权利要求1-8任意一项所述的宠物用素食罐头或者权利要求9所述的制备方法在改善宠物肥胖、改善宠物胃肠功能中的应用，或者权利要求1-8任意一项所述的宠物用素食罐头供术后调理、恢复期的宠物，对动物源性蛋白过敏的宠物，只能素食的宠物食用的用途。
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