Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, in order to solve the problems in the background art, a quality detection and early warning system for manufacturing an antibacterial ecological plate based on machine vision is provided, so as to achieve accurate detection and early warning of the quality of the antibacterial ecological plate.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the invention provides an antibacterial ecological plate production and manufacturing quality detection early warning system based on machine vision, which comprises: the device comprises a plate quantity acquisition module, a plate structure information detection module, a plate performance information detection module, a plate basic information detection module, a plate quality analysis module, a plate quality early warning module and a database.
The plate quantity acquisition module is used for acquiring the quantity of the to-be-detected antibacterial ecological plates in the antibacterial ecological plate manufacturing area, marking the to-be-detected antibacterial ecological plates as the to-be-detected plates and marking the to-be-detected plates as the to-be-detected plates
I =1,2,.. m, with m being a positive integer.
The plate structure information detection module is used for detecting the structure information of each plate to be detected, acquiring the number of structural layers corresponding to the plate to be detected, and detecting the structure information corresponding to each structural layer.
The plate performance information detection module is used for detecting performance information corresponding to each plate to be detected.
The plate basic information detection module is used for detecting basic information corresponding to each plate to be detected, wherein the basic information of the plate to be detected comprises the length, the width, the thickness and the hardness corresponding to each plate to be detected.
The board quality analysis module is used for processing and analyzing according to the structural information, the performance information and the basic information corresponding to each board to be detected, and acquiring the quantity of the ecological boards which are unqualified in production.
The panel quality early warning module is used for carrying out production quality early warning when receiving the early warning signal.
Preferably, the structural information of the board to be detected includes the thickness corresponding to each structural layer of the board to be detected and the corresponding adhesion degree between each structural layer, and the specific detection process is as follows: and S1, numbering the structural layers corresponding to the plates to be detected in sequence according to the processing sequence, and marking the structural layers as 1, 2.
And S2, scanning and shooting the side edges of the plates to be detected by using an x-ray detector, and acquiring radiographic films corresponding to the side surfaces of the plates to be detected.
And S3, dividing the board to be detected into structural area films according to the difference of gray values displayed in the radiographic film by the material of each structural layer of the board to be detected.
And S4, acquiring the area corresponding to each structural area film of each plate material to be detected and the area of the corresponding gap area between each structural area film of each plate material to be detected.
S5, obtaining the corresponding thickness of each structural layer of each plate to be detected according to the corresponding area of each structural area film of each plate to be detected, and marking the thickness as
。
S6, obtaining the adhesion degree between the structural layers of the plates to be detected according to the area of the gap between the films of the structural regions of the plates to be detected, and marking the adhesion degree as
。
Preferably, the performance information of the plate to be detected comprises an antibacterial index, an environmental protection index and an appearance conformity index.
Wherein, the corresponding antibacterial index detection of each plate to be detected is used for detecting the plate to be detectedDetecting the corresponding antibacterial rate and the water content, further acquiring the antibacterial index corresponding to each plate to be detected, and marking the antibacterial index as
。
The environmental protection index detection corresponding to the plates to be detected is used for detecting the formaldehyde content corresponding to each plate to be detected, and the environmental protection index corresponding to each plate to be detected is obtained and marked as
。
The appearance coincidence index detection corresponding to each plate to be detected is used for detecting the flatness and the roughness corresponding to each plate to be detected, the appearance coincidence index corresponding to each plate to be detected is obtained and marked as
。
Preferably, the basic information detection process of the plate to be detected is as follows: f1, respectively detecting the length and the width corresponding to each plate to be detected by using a laser range finder to obtain the length and the width corresponding to each plate to be detected, and respectively marking the lengths and the widths as
、
。
F2, arranging thickness detection points on the plates to be detected, and detecting the thickness of each thickness detection point of each plate to be detected by using a laser range finder.
F3, obtaining the thickness value corresponding to each thickness detection point of each plate to be detected, obtaining the average thickness corresponding to each plate to be detected according to the average value calculation method, and marking the average thickness as
Simultaneously screening out the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness corresponding to each plate to be detected。
F4, arranging hardness detection points of the plates to be detected according to a preset sequence, detecting the hardness corresponding to the hardness detection points of the plates to be detected by using a hardness detector, and acquiring the detection numerical values corresponding to the hardness detection points of the plates to be detected.
F5, obtaining the average hardness corresponding to each plate to be detected by using an average value calculation formula, and marking the average hardness as
And simultaneously screening out the maximum hardness and the minimum hardness corresponding to each plate to be detected.
Preferably, the plate quality analysis module is configured to analyze the structural information corresponding to each plate to be detected, and an analysis process of the plate quality analysis module is as follows: and acquiring the thickness corresponding to each structural layer of each plate to be detected and the corresponding adhesion degree between the structural layers.
Substituting the thickness corresponding to each structural layer of each plate to be detected into the ecological plate structure thickness quality coincidence coefficient calculation formula
The thickness quality coincidence coefficient of the structure of each plate to be detected can be obtained,
the thickness is the standard thickness corresponding to each structural layer of the preset antibacterial ecological plate, and n is the structural layer number of the plate to be detected.
Substituting the corresponding adhesion degree between the structural layers of the boards to be detected into an ecological plate structure adhesion degree quality coincidence coefficient calculation formula
The quality conformity coefficient of the adhesion degree of each plate structure to be detected can be obtained,
the standard adhesion degree corresponding to the structural layer of the preset antibacterial ecological plate.
The thickness of each plate structure to be detectedSubstituting the quality coincidence coefficient and the structural adhesion quality coincidence coefficient into a plate structure quality coincidence coefficient calculation formula
The structure quality coincidence coefficient of each plate to be detected can be obtained,
is a preset coefficient.
Preferably, the board quality analysis module is configured to analyze the performance information corresponding to each board to be detected, and an analysis process of the board quality analysis module is as follows: and acquiring the antibacterial index, the environmental protection index and the appearance coincidence index corresponding to each plate to be detected.
Substituting the antibacterial index, the environmental protection index and the appearance coincidence index corresponding to each plate to be detected into a plate performance information quality coincidence coefficient formula
The quality conformity coefficient of the performance information corresponding to each plate to be detected can be obtained,
is a preset correction factor.
Preferably, the board quality analysis module is configured to analyze the basic information corresponding to each board to be detected, and an analysis process of the board quality analysis module is as follows: and acquiring basic information corresponding to each plate to be detected.
And according to the basic information corresponding to each plate to be detected, the length and width, the average thickness, the average hardness, the maximum thickness, the minimum thickness, the maximum hardness and the minimum hardness corresponding to each plate to be detected are retrieved.
Respectively calculating the thickness difference and the hardness difference corresponding to each plate to be detected according to the maximum thickness, the minimum thickness, the maximum hardness and the minimum hardness corresponding to each plate to be detected, and respectively marking the thickness difference and the hardness difference as
。
Will each be detectedRespectively substituting the length and width, average thickness, average hardness, thickness difference and hardness difference corresponding to the plate into a plate basic information quality coincidence coefficient calculation formula to obtain the basic information quality coincidence coefficient of each plate to be detected
。
Preferably, the board quality analysis module is used for comprehensively analyzing the structural information, the performance information and the basic information corresponding to each board to be detected, and substituting the structural quality coincidence coefficient, the performance information quality coincidence coefficient and the basic information quality coincidence coefficient corresponding to each board to be detected into the board quality comprehensive coincidence coefficient calculation formula
And obtaining the comprehensive quality coincidence coefficient corresponding to each plate to be detected.
Preferably, the plate quality analysis module is also used for analyzing the plate with unqualified quality, and the analysis process is as follows: and comparing the quality comprehensive coincidence coefficient corresponding to each plate to be detected with the preset quality coincidence coefficient of the antibacterial ecological plate.
And if the comprehensive quality coincidence coefficient of a certain plate to be detected is larger than the preset ecological plate quality coincidence coefficient, marking the ecological plate as a qualified ecological plate for production.
And if the comprehensive quality coincidence coefficient of a certain plate to be detected is smaller than the preset ecological plate quality coincidence coefficient, marking the ecological plate as an unqualified ecological plate.
And counting the number of the ecological plates with unqualified production, comparing the number of the ecological plates with the preset unqualified number of the early warning ecological plates, and sending a production quality early warning signal to the plate quality early warning module.
Preferably, the system further comprises a database, wherein the database is used for storing a standard area corresponding to a bonding area between each structural layer of the preset antibacterial ecological plate, a standard diameter corresponding to each type of bacterial colony on the surface of the antibacterial ecological plate, a standard antibacterial rate and a standard water content corresponding to the antibacterial ecological plate, a standard formaldehyde allowable release amount, a standard flatness, a standard roughness, a standard thickness, a standard bonding degree, a standard length, a standard width, a standard hardness, a standard thickness difference, a standard hardness difference, an antibacterial ecological plate quality conformity coefficient and an early warning ecological plate unqualified quantity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. according to the machine vision-based antibacterial ecological plate production and manufacturing quality detection early warning system, the plate structure information detection module, the plate performance information detection module and the plate basic information detection module are combined with the plate quality analysis module to detect and analyze the structure information, the performance information and the basic information corresponding to each antibacterial ecological plate to be detected, so that the problems that the detection content of the existing antibacterial ecological plate quality detection early warning system is limited, and the reference of the antibacterial ecological plate quality detection result cannot be effectively improved are effectively solved, the precision of the antibacterial ecological plate quality detection is greatly improved, and meanwhile the antibacterial ecological plate quality early warning efficiency is effectively improved.
2. According to the invention, each structural layer of each plate to be detected is detected by the plate structure information detection module by using an X-ray detection technology, so that the convenience of detecting the information of each structural layer of each plate to be detected is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the damage to the plate to be detected caused by the detection requirement is avoided.
3. According to the invention, in the plate performance information detection module, the antibacterial index, the environmental protection index and the appearance coincidence index corresponding to each plate to be detected are detected, so that the reliability of the subsequent quality analysis result of each plate to be detected is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the scientificity of the quality detection result of each plate to be detected is also greatly improved.
4. According to the invention, in the plate basic information detection module, when the hardness and the thickness corresponding to each plate to be detected are detected, detection is carried out in a mode of arranging detection points, so that the authenticity and the intuitiveness of the thickness and hardness detection result of each plate to be detected are greatly improved, and meanwhile, the rationality of the thickness and hardness detection result of each plate to be detected is effectively ensured.
5. According to the invention, in the plate quality early warning module, the response efficiency of production management personnel for producing unqualified products by the antibacterial ecological plate is effectively improved by performing quality early warning on unqualified ecological plates, and the economic loss caused by excessive unqualified plates is also effectively avoided.
Detailed Description
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Referring to fig. 1, a machine vision-based quality detection and early warning system for manufacturing and producing an antibacterial ecological plate comprises a plate quantity acquisition module, a plate structure information detection module, a plate performance information detection module, a plate basic information detection module, a plate quality analysis module, a plate quality early warning module and a database.
The plate quality analysis module is respectively connected with the plate structure information detection module, the plate performance information detection module, the plate basic information detection module, the plate quality early warning module and the database, the plate structure information detection module is respectively connected with the database, and the plate performance information detection module is connected with the database.
The plate quantity acquisition module is used for acquiring the quantity of the to-be-detected antibacterial ecological plates in the antibacterial ecological plate manufacturing area, marking the to-be-detected antibacterial ecological plates as the to-be-detected plates and marking the to-be-detected plates as the to-be-detected plates
I =1,2,.. m, with m being a positive integer.
The plate structure information detection module is used for detecting the plate structure information to be detected, acquiring the number of the structural layers corresponding to the plates to be detected, and detecting the structure information corresponding to each structural layer.
Specifically, the structural information of the plate to be detected comprises the thickness corresponding to each structural layer of the plate to be detected and the corresponding adhesion degree between each structural layer, and the specific detection process is as follows: and S1, numbering the structural layers corresponding to the plates to be detected in sequence according to the processing sequence, and marking the structural layers as 1, 2.
And S2, scanning and shooting the side edges of the plates to be detected by using an x-ray detector, and acquiring radiographic films corresponding to the side surfaces of the plates to be detected.
And S3, dividing the board to be detected into structural area films according to the difference of gray values displayed in the radiographic film by the material of each structural layer of the board to be detected.
And S4, acquiring the area corresponding to each structural area film of each plate material to be detected and the area of the corresponding gap area between each structural area film of each plate material to be detected.
S5, obtaining the corresponding thickness of each structural layer of each plate to be detected according to the corresponding area of each structural area film of each plate to be detected, and marking the thickness as
。
And S6, acquiring the adhesion degree between the structural layers of the plates to be detected according to the area of the gap area between the structural area films of the plates to be detected.
And marking the gap area between the films of the structural areas of the plates to be detected as the bonding area of each structural layer.
The method comprises the following steps of: bringing the bonding area of each structural layer of each plate to be detected intoFormula for calculating adhesion
The adhesion degree between the structural layers of the plates to be detected can be obtained,
the area corresponding to the bonding area between the (j + 1) th structural layer and the jth structural layer of the ith plate to be detected,
the standard area corresponding to the bonding area between the structural layers of the preset antibacterial ecological plate is provided.
In the embodiment of the invention, the structural layers of the plates to be detected are detected by the plate structure information detection module by using an X-ray detection technology, so that the convenience for detecting the information of the structural layers of the plates to be detected is greatly improved, and the damage to the plates to be detected due to the detection requirement is avoided.
The plate performance information detection module is used for detecting performance information corresponding to each plate to be detected.
Specifically, the performance information of the plate to be detected comprises an antibacterial index, an environmental protection index and an appearance conformity index.
The antibacterial index detection corresponding to each plate to be detected is used for detecting the antibacterial rate and the water content corresponding to the plate to be detected, so that the antibacterial index corresponding to each plate to be detected is obtained and marked as
The specific detection process is as follows: detecting the water content corresponding to each plate to be detected by using a water content measuring instrument, acquiring the water content corresponding to each plate to be detected, and marking the water content as
Simultaneously, detecting each plate to be detected by using a bacteria detector to obtain bacterial colony information corresponding to the surface of each plate to be detected, wherein the bacterial colony information comprises bacterial coloniesType and diameter corresponding to each type of colony.
Substituting the diameters corresponding to various types of bacterial colonies on the surface of each plate to be detected into a plate antibacterial rate calculation formula
The corresponding antibacterial rate of the surface of each plate to be detected can be obtained,
in order to set the coefficients to a predetermined value,
the standard diameter is corresponding to each type of bacterial colony on the surface of the preset antibacterial ecological plate.
Substituting the antibacterial rate and the water content corresponding to each plate to be detected into an ecological plate antibacterial index calculation formula
So as to obtain the comprehensive antibacterial index corresponding to each plate to be detected,
in order to set the coefficients to a predetermined value,
the standard antibacterial rate and the standard water content of the corresponding preset antibacterial ecological plate are obtained.
The environmental protection index detection corresponding to the plates to be detected is used for detecting the formaldehyde content corresponding to each plate to be detected, and the environmental protection index corresponding to each plate to be detected is obtained and marked as
The specific detection process is as follows: and detecting the formaldehyde emission amount corresponding to each plate to be detected by using a formaldehyde detector according to a preset acquisition time interval, and acquiring the formaldehyde emission amount corresponding to each plate to be detected in each acquisition time period.
Obtaining the formaldehyde correspondence of each plate to be detected according to an average value calculation methodIs marked by the average amount of released
Substituting the average release amount corresponding to formaldehyde into the calculation formula of the environmental protection index of the sheet material into
The environmental protection index corresponding to each plate to be detected can be obtained,
the formaldehyde emission is a standard formaldehyde allowed emission corresponding to the preset antibacterial ecological plate.
The appearance coincidence index detection corresponding to each plate to be detected is used for detecting the flatness and the roughness corresponding to each plate to be detected, the appearance coincidence index corresponding to each plate to be detected is obtained and marked as
The specific detection process is as follows: numbering the side surfaces of the plates to be detected according to a counterclockwise sequence, sequentially marking the side surfaces as c1, c2, c2, c3 and c4, respectively detecting the flatness corresponding to the side surfaces of the plates to be detected by using a flatness detector, acquiring the flatness corresponding to the side surfaces of the plates to be detected, and marking the side surfaces of the plates to be detected as c1, c2, c2, c3 and c4
And t is the number of the side face of the plate, and t = c1, c2, c2, c3 and c 4.
Detecting each side surface of each plate to be detected by using a roughness detector, acquiring the roughness corresponding to each side surface of each ecological plate, and marking
。
Substituting the flatness corresponding to each side surface of each plate to be detected and the roughness corresponding to each side surface into a plate appearance conformity index calculation formula
I.e. byThe corresponding appearance coincidence index of each plate to be detected can be obtained,
in order to set the coefficients to a predetermined value,
the standard flatness and the standard roughness corresponding to the preset antibacterial ecological plate.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the plate performance information detection module, the antibacterial index, the environmental protection index and the appearance coincidence index corresponding to each plate to be detected are detected, so that the reliability of the subsequent quality analysis result of each plate to be detected is greatly improved, and the scientificity of the quality detection result of each plate to be detected is also greatly improved.
The plate basic information detection module is used for detecting basic information corresponding to each plate to be detected, wherein the basic information of the plate to be detected comprises the length, the width, the thickness and the hardness corresponding to each plate to be detected.
Specifically, the detection process of the basic information of the plate to be detected is as follows: f1, respectively detecting the length and the width corresponding to each plate to be detected by using a laser range finder to obtain the length and the width corresponding to each plate to be detected, and respectively marking the lengths and the widths as
、
。
F2, arranging thickness detection points on the plates to be detected, and detecting the thickness of each thickness detection point of each plate to be detected by using a laser range finder.
F3, obtaining the thickness value corresponding to each thickness detection point of each plate to be detected, obtaining the average thickness corresponding to each plate to be detected according to the average value calculation method, and marking the average thickness as
Simultaneously screening out each of the to-be-detected samplesMaximum and minimum thicknesses for the sheet material.
F4, arranging hardness detection points of the plates to be detected according to a preset sequence, detecting the hardness corresponding to the hardness detection points of the plates to be detected by using a hardness detector, and acquiring the detection numerical values corresponding to the hardness detection points of the plates to be detected.
F5, obtaining the average hardness corresponding to each plate to be detected by using an average value calculation formula, and marking the average hardness as
And simultaneously screening out the maximum hardness and the minimum hardness corresponding to each plate to be detected.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the hardness and the thickness corresponding to each plate to be detected are detected, the detection is carried out in a mode of arranging the detection points, so that the authenticity and the intuition of the thickness and hardness detection results of each plate to be detected are greatly improved, and meanwhile, the reasonability of the thickness and hardness detection results of each plate to be detected is effectively ensured.
The board quality analysis module is used for processing and analyzing according to the structural information, the performance information and the basic information corresponding to each board to be detected, and acquiring the quantity of the ecological boards which are unqualified in production.
The plate quality analysis module is used for analyzing the structural information corresponding to each plate to be detected, and the analysis process is as follows: and acquiring the thickness corresponding to each structural layer of each plate to be detected and the corresponding adhesion degree between the structural layers.
Substituting the thickness corresponding to each structural layer of each plate to be detected into the ecological plate structure thickness quality coincidence coefficient calculation formula
The thickness quality coincidence coefficient of the structure of each plate to be detected can be obtained,
the thickness is the standard thickness corresponding to each structural layer of the preset antibacterial ecological plate, and n is the structural layer number of the plate to be detected.
Substituting the corresponding adhesion degree between the structural layers of the boards to be detected into an ecological plate structure adhesion degree quality coincidence coefficient calculation formula
The quality conformity coefficient of the adhesion degree of each plate structure to be detected can be obtained,
the standard adhesion degree corresponding to the structural layer of the preset antibacterial ecological plate.
Substituting the thickness quality coincidence coefficient and the structure adhesion quality coincidence coefficient of each plate structure to be detected into a plate structure quality coincidence coefficient calculation formula
The structure quality coincidence coefficient of each plate to be detected can be obtained,
is a preset coefficient.
The plate quality analysis module is used for analyzing the performance information corresponding to each plate to be detected, and the analysis process is as follows: and acquiring the antibacterial index, the environmental protection index and the appearance coincidence index corresponding to each plate to be detected.
Substituting the antibacterial index, the environmental protection index and the appearance coincidence index corresponding to each plate to be detected into a plate performance information quality coincidence coefficient formula
The quality conformity coefficient of the performance information corresponding to each plate to be detected can be obtained,
is a preset correction factor.
The plate quality analysis module is used for analyzing the basic information corresponding to each plate to be detected, and the analysis process is as follows: and acquiring basic information corresponding to each plate to be detected.
And according to the basic information corresponding to each plate to be detected, the length and width, the average thickness, the average hardness, the maximum thickness, the minimum thickness, the maximum hardness and the minimum hardness corresponding to each plate to be detected are retrieved.
Respectively calculating the thickness difference and the hardness difference corresponding to each plate to be detected according to the maximum thickness, the minimum thickness, the maximum hardness and the minimum hardness corresponding to each plate to be detected, and respectively marking the thickness difference and the hardness difference as
;
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
,
,
the maximum thickness, the minimum thickness, the maximum hardness and the minimum hardness of each plate to be detected are respectively corresponding to the plate to be detected.
Respectively substituting the length and width, the average thickness, the average hardness, the thickness difference and the hardness difference corresponding to each plate to be detected into a plate basic information quality coincidence coefficient calculation formula to obtain a plate basic information quality coincidence coefficient of each plate to be detected
。
Wherein, the calculation formula of the basic information quality conformity coefficient of the plate is
D1, d2, d3, d4, d5 and d6 are correction coefficients,
the standard length, standard width, standard thickness, standard hardness, standard thickness difference and standard hardness difference corresponding to the preset antibacterial ecological plate.
Wherein, the boardThe material quality analysis module is used for comprehensively analyzing the structural information, the performance information and the basic information corresponding to each plate to be detected, and substituting the structural quality coincidence coefficient, the performance information quality coincidence coefficient and the basic information quality coincidence coefficient corresponding to each plate to be detected into a plate quality comprehensive coincidence coefficient calculation formula
And obtaining the comprehensive quality coincidence coefficient corresponding to each plate to be detected.
The plate quality analysis module is also used for analyzing plates with unqualified quality, and the analysis process is as follows: and comparing the quality comprehensive coincidence coefficient corresponding to each plate to be detected with the preset quality coincidence coefficient of the antibacterial ecological plate.
And if the comprehensive quality coincidence coefficient of a certain plate to be detected is larger than the preset ecological plate quality coincidence coefficient, marking the ecological plate as a qualified ecological plate for production.
And if the comprehensive quality coincidence coefficient of a certain plate to be detected is smaller than the preset ecological plate quality coincidence coefficient, marking the ecological plate as an unqualified ecological plate.
And counting the number of the ecological plates with unqualified production, comparing the number of the ecological plates with the preset unqualified number of the early warning ecological plates, and sending a production quality early warning signal to the plate quality early warning module.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the structural information, the performance information and the basic information corresponding to each antibacterial ecological plate to be detected are analyzed by the plate structure information detection module, the plate performance information detection module and the plate basic information detection module in combination with the plate quality analysis module, so that the problems that the content of detection of the existing antibacterial ecological plate quality detection early warning system is limited, and the reference of the antibacterial ecological plate quality detection result cannot be effectively improved are effectively solved, the accuracy of the antibacterial ecological plate quality detection is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the antibacterial ecological plate quality early warning efficiency is also effectively improved.
The panel quality early warning module is used for carrying out production quality early warning when receiving the early warning signal.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the plate quality early warning module, the response efficiency of production management personnel for producing unqualified products by the antibacterial ecological plate is effectively improved by performing quality early warning on the unqualified ecological plate, and the economic loss caused by excessive unqualified plates is also effectively avoided.
The database is used for storing a standard area corresponding to an adhesion area between each structural layer of a preset antibacterial ecological plate, a standard diameter corresponding to each type of bacterial colony on the surface of the antibacterial ecological plate, a standard antibacterial rate and a standard water content corresponding to the antibacterial ecological plate, a standard formaldehyde allowable release amount, a standard flatness, a standard roughness, a standard thickness, a standard adhesion degree, a standard length, a standard width, a standard hardness, a standard thickness difference, a standard hardness difference, an antibacterial ecological plate quality conforming coefficient and an early warning ecological plate unqualified quantity.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the principles of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions of the specific embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the claims set forth herein.