CN113818799A

CN113818799A - Rotary valve for hydraulic rock drill impacter

Info

Publication number: CN113818799A
Application number: CN202111101222.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任燕; 臧一人; 汤何胜; 孙维方; 向家伟
Original assignee: Wenzhou University
Current assignee: Wenzhou University
Priority date: 2021-09-18
Filing date: 2021-09-18
Publication date: 2021-12-21

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic rock drills, and particularly discloses a rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor, which comprises a cylinder body, an impact piston and a flow distribution rotary valve, wherein a high-pressure input port is formed in the cylinder body; the middle part of the impact piston is provided with a boss which is positioned in the cylinder body; a front cavity and a rear cavity are arranged in the cylinder body, the driving area of the rear cavity is larger than that of the front cavity, and the high-pressure input port is communicated with the front cavity; the middle parts of the front cavity and the rear cavity are respectively provided with a blocking structure, and the blocking structures are used for being tightly matched with the front end cover or the rear end cover; the flow distribution rotary valve sequentially comprises a valve body, a valve sleeve and a valve core from outside to inside, a low-pressure groove and a high-pressure groove are arranged on the valve core at intervals, a high-pressure port and a low-pressure port are arranged on the valve body, the high-pressure groove and the low-pressure groove can be respectively communicated with the flow distribution groove through circulation when the valve core rotates, and the flow distribution groove is communicated with the rear cavity. Compared with the prior art, the rock drill in this scheme simple structure processing degree of difficulty is low, and impact frequency can carry out the adaptability adjustment according to the rock condition simultaneously, and easy operation is convenient, and the suitability is strong.

Description

Rotary valve for hydraulic rock drill impacter

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic rock drills, and particularly discloses a rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor.

Background

The rock drill is a tool for directly mining stone materials, a blast hole is drilled on a rock layer by using the rock drill, explosive is put into the blast hole to explode the rock, or the rock drill is used for crushing key positions of the rock to integrally crush the rock, so that the stone materials or other stone sides are mined. The existing rock drills can be divided into four types, namely pneumatic rock drills, internal combustion rock drills, electric rock drills, hydraulic rock drills and the like according to power sources of the rock drills.

The hydraulic rock drill uses high-pressure oil as power to drive an impact piston to impact a drill rod, and is a rock drill with an independent swing mechanism, and the impact piston is controlled by an impactor to reciprocate. Impactors in the hydraulic rock drill are divided into a valve hydraulic rock drill and a valveless hydraulic rock drill, the valveless hydraulic rock drill is rarely used in reality, the valveless hydraulic rock drill is widely used in the market at present, and the valveless hydraulic rock drill is basically divided into a sleeve valve or a core valve; the valve forms a flow distribution valve mechanical structure, and the impact piston and the flow distribution valve mechanical are mutually fed back, so that the impact piston can form reciprocating motion to impact the tail of the drill rod, and the aim of crushing rocks is fulfilled.

The impact frequency of the current hydraulic rock drill is generally maintained at 30-60Hz, and the impact frequency of the current hydraulic rock drill can reach more than 100Hz in individual models. In order to prolong the service life of the hydraulic rock drilling tool and improve the working efficiency, the impact piston can be developed to the high frequency direction as much as possible after reaching the rock crushing strength, so that the improvement of the impact frequency of the hydraulic rock drilling machine can be the development direction in the future.

At present, the impact piston and the distributing valve are mutually feedback mechanical structures, so that the processing and manufacturing difficulty is high. The parameters involved in the mutual movement process are numerous, the movement process is difficult to accurately detect and capture, and the design parameters and the actual parameters are far away from each other due to the influence of factors such as actual processing and the like. The current hydraulic rock drill is in an impact frequency during working, and cannot work efficiently under the condition of changing rocks.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor so as to solve the problems that the existing hydraulic rock drill with the valve has high processing difficulty and the impact frequency cannot be changed according to rock conditions.

In order to achieve the purpose, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows: a rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor comprises a cylinder body, an impact piston and a flow distribution rotary valve, wherein a front end cover and a rear end cover are respectively arranged at two ends of the cylinder body, and a high-pressure input port is formed in the cylinder body; the middle part of the impact piston is provided with a boss which is positioned in the cylinder body and is in sliding connection with the cylinder body, and two ends of the impact piston are respectively in sliding connection with the front end cover and the rear end cover; the boss, the cylinder body, the impact piston and the front end cover form a front cavity, the boss, the cylinder body, the impact piston and the rear end cover form a rear cavity, the driving area of the rear cavity is larger than that of the front cavity, and the high-pressure input port is communicated with the front cavity; the middle parts of the front cavity and the rear cavity are respectively provided with a blocking structure, and the blocking structures are used for being tightly matched with the front end cover or the rear end cover; the flow distribution rotary valve sequentially comprises a valve body, a valve sleeve and a valve core from outside to inside, wherein a low-pressure groove and a high-pressure groove are arranged on the valve core at intervals; the valve sleeve is provided with a flow distribution groove, the valve core rotates, the high-pressure groove and the low-pressure groove can be respectively communicated with the flow distribution groove in a circulating mode, and the flow distribution groove is communicated with the rear cavity.

The driving area is an area in which the impact piston is driven by hydraulic oil to slide in the cylinder body, and under the condition that the hydraulic oil pressure is the same, the larger the driving area is, the larger the driving force received by the impact piston is.

The working principle of the basic scheme is as follows: when the rotary valve in the scheme is used, after corresponding hydraulic oil is respectively introduced into the high-pressure input port, the high-pressure port and the low-pressure port, the valve core is controlled to rotate, the flow distribution groove of the valve sleeve is respectively communicated with the high-pressure groove and the low-pressure groove in a circulating mode, and the flow distribution groove is communicated with the rear cavity, so that the rear cavity is enabled to be intermittently flushed with the high-pressure hydraulic oil and the low-pressure hydraulic oil.

Because the driving area of the rear cavity is larger than that of the front cavity, the front cavity is communicated with the high-pressure input port and is filled with high-pressure hydraulic oil; when the rear cavity enters high-pressure hydraulic oil, the boss of the impact piston is pushed by the rear cavity to slide towards one side of the front end cover; when the rear cavity enters low-pressure hydraulic oil, the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the front cavity can push the boss of the impact piston to slide towards one side of the rear end cover, the impact piston reciprocates in the process of punching the high-pressure hydraulic oil and the low-pressure hydraulic oil in the rear cavity in a clearance mode, the drill rod can be impacted to chisel rocks, and the reciprocating frequency of the impact piston can be adjusted by controlling the rotation of the valve core.

In the reciprocating motion process of the impact piston, the blocking structure can be tightly matched with the front end cover or the rear end cover in a propping mode, so that the situation that the oil port is blocked by the boss due to the fact that the two sides of the boss are tightly matched with the front end cover or the rear end cover is avoided, and the impact piston cannot realize reciprocating motion through the process.

The beneficial effect of this basic scheme lies in:

1. the scheme abandons the original flow distribution valve structure, adopts a brand-new rotary valve type structure, easily controls the reciprocating motion of the impact piston by controlling the rotation of the valve core, and has less parts and simple and reliable structure compared with the structure of the traditional hydraulic rock drill.

2. Aiming at different rock conditions, the impact frequency of the reciprocating motion of the impact piston can be easily controlled through the rotating speed of the valve core, so that the variable rock conditions are further adapted, the reciprocating motion frequency of the impact piston is adjusted in the scheme, the variable frequency impact frequency (impact energy) is stepless, and the applicability is better.

Compared with the prior art, the rotary valve in the scheme has the advantages of simple structure, low processing difficulty, simple and convenient operation and strong applicability, and is used for the hydraulic rock drill impacter, so that the impact frequency of the impacter can be adjusted adaptively according to rock conditions.

Furthermore, the blocking structure comprises piston steps positioned on two sides of the boss on the impact piston and end cover steps positioned on the front end cover and the rear end cover, and the piston steps and the end cover steps can be mutually abutted and matched.

The end cover step and the piston step form a dead chamber to prevent the boss from physically impacting the front end cover or the rear end cover, the boss can ensure that the part does not cover the input oil hole after entering the dead chamber to the piston step, and further ensure that the boss has an effective acting surface in the reciprocating process, namely the oil hole cannot be blocked by the boss so that the piston cannot reciprocate.

Further, the diameter of the impact piston in sliding connection with the front end cover is smaller than the diameter of the impact piston in sliding connection with the rear end cover.

The driving area of the rear cavity is larger than that of the front cavity, and therefore under the condition that the front cavity and the rear cavity are both high-pressure hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil effect of the rear cavity can drive the impact piston to move towards the front cavity.

The high-pressure energy accumulator is communicated with the high-pressure oil duct.

The high-pressure energy accumulator can convert the energy in the high-pressure oil input from the high-pressure input port into compression energy or potential energy to be stored, and when the impact piston needs capacity, the compression energy or the potential energy can be converted into energy such as hydraulic pressure or air pressure to be released and supplied to the impact piston of the cylinder body again. When the system pressure increases instantaneously, it can absorb this part of the energy to ensure that the whole impact piston pressure is normal.

Furthermore, the valve core is provided with a convex structure, the low-pressure groove and the high-pressure groove are arranged on the convex structure, and the directions of the low-pressure groove and the high-pressure groove are opposite.

The low pressure groove and the low pressure port are conveniently communicated, and the high pressure groove and the high pressure port are communicated.

Further, the low-pressure groove and the high-pressure groove are rectangular grooves, the low-pressure groove and the high-pressure groove are located on the axial position of the protruding structure, and the flow distribution groove is aligned with the axial position.

The rectangular groove is simple and easy to process, and the high-pressure groove and the low-pressure groove can be respectively communicated with the flow distribution groove when the valve core rotates, so that the reciprocating motion of the impact piston can be controlled conveniently.

Further, low-pressure groove and high-pressure groove are a plurality of, and a plurality of low-pressure grooves and high-pressure groove circumference equipartition are in protruding structure, low-pressure groove and high-pressure groove interval distribution.

In the process that a batching groove is aligned with a low pressure groove and a batching groove is aligned with a high pressure groove, the reciprocating motion of an impact piston is realized, when a plurality of low pressure grooves and high pressure grooves are distributed at intervals, a valve core rotates for a circle, the impact piston can realize multiple times of reciprocating motion, the frequency of the reciprocating motion is further increased, and the increase of the impact frequency can be simply realized through the structure.

Furthermore, the number of the low-pressure grooves and the number of the high-pressure grooves are 5, the number of the flow distribution grooves is correspondingly 5, and the valve sleeve is provided with 5 through holes aligned with the high-pressure ports.

The number of the low-pressure grooves and the number of the high-pressure grooves are 5, the valve core does not rotate for a circle, the distributing valve can be sequentially aligned to the low-pressure grooves and the high-pressure grooves for 5 times, and the impact piston can realize 5 times of reciprocating motion. The proportioning tank corresponds and sets up 5, and when low-pressure tank or high-pressure tank aimed at the proportioning tank, the hydraulic oil that corresponds can flow fast.

Furthermore, the number of the protruding structures is two, the two protruding structures are located on two sides of the high-pressure port, and the number of the low-pressure ports is two.

The reciprocating motion switching of the impact piston is more stable and faster.

Further, a flow distribution ring groove communicated with the flow distribution groove is formed in the inner wall of the valve body, and the flow distribution ring groove is communicated with the rear cavity; and a high-pressure ring groove communicated with the high-pressure port is arranged in the valve body, and the high-pressure ring groove is communicated with the high-pressure port and the through hole.

The flow of hydraulic oil is more convenient, and the communication between the distributing groove and the rear cavity is also convenient.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 at B

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of C-C of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D in FIG. 4

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the valve sleeve;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the valve cartridge.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the high-pressure energy accumulator comprises a cylinder body 1, a high-pressure input port 11, a high-pressure oil channel 12, a front end cover 13, a rear end cover 14, an end cover step 15, an impact piston 2, a boss 21, a piston step 22, a front cavity 31, a rear cavity 32, a valve body 4, a flow distribution ring groove 41, a high-pressure ring groove 42, a high-pressure port 43, a low-pressure port 44, a valve sleeve 5, a through hole 51, a flow distribution groove 52, a valve core 6, a protrusion 61, a high-pressure groove 62, a low-pressure groove 63 and a high-pressure energy accumulator 7.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rotary valve for the hydraulic rock drill impactor comprises a cylinder body 1, an impact piston 2, a flow distribution rotary valve and a high-pressure energy accumulator 7, wherein two ends of the cylinder body 1 are respectively and fixedly connected with a front end cover 13 and a rear end cover 14. The cylinder body 1 is provided with a high-pressure input port 11 and a high-pressure oil duct 12, and the high-pressure accumulator 7 is communicated with the high-pressure input port 11 through the high-pressure oil duct 12.

As shown in fig. 2 and 4, a boss 21 is arranged in the middle of the impact piston 2, the diameter of the boss 21 is larger than that of the piston, and the boss 21 is positioned in the cylinder body 1 and connected with the cylinder body in a sliding and sealing manner; the two ends of the impact piston 2 are respectively connected with the front end cover 13 and the rear end cover 14 in a sliding and sealing mode, the boss 21, the cylinder body 1, the impact piston 2 and the front end cover 13 form a front cavity 31, the front cavity 31 is communicated with the high-pressure input port 11, the boss 21, the cylinder body 1, the impact piston 2 and the rear end cover 14 form a rear cavity 32, the diameter of the impact piston 2 connected with the front end cover 13 in a sliding and sealing mode is smaller than that of the impact piston 2 connected with the rear end cover 14 in a sliding and sealing mode, and the driving area of the rear cavity 32 is larger than that of the front cavity 31.

The middle parts of the front cavity 31 and the rear cavity 32 are respectively provided with a blocking structure, and the blocking structures are used for being tightly matched with the front end cover 13 or the rear end cover 14; this prevents the two sides of the boss 21 from abutting against the front end cover 13 or the rear end cover 14, which would result in the oil port being blocked by the boss 21. As shown in fig. 3, the blocking structure in this embodiment includes a piston step 22 located on both sides of the boss 21 on the impact piston 2, and an end cover step 15 located on the front end cover 13 and the rear end cover 14, and the piston step 22 and the end cover step 15 can be tightly fitted to each other. The end cover step 15 and the piston step 22 form a dead space to prevent the boss 21 from physically impacting the front end cover 13 or the rear end cover 14, the part from the boss 21 to the piston step 22 can ensure that the oil input hole is not covered after entering the dead space, and further the boss 21 has an effective acting surface in the reciprocating process, namely the oil hole cannot be blocked by the boss 21 so that the piston cannot reciprocate.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the flow distribution rotary valve sequentially comprises a valve body 4, a valve sleeve 5 and a valve core 6 from outside to inside, the valve body 4 is fixedly connected with the valve sleeve 5, the valve core 6 is rotatably connected in the valve sleeve 5, the valve body 4 is provided with a high pressure port 43 and two low pressure ports 44, the two low pressure ports 44 are positioned at two sides of the high pressure port 43, and a high pressure ring groove 42 communicated with the high pressure port 43 is arranged inside the valve body 4. As shown in fig. 6, the valve housing 5 is provided with a flow distribution groove 52 and a through hole 51, the high pressure ring groove 42 is communicated with the high pressure port 43 and the through hole 51, and the inner wall of the valve body 4 is provided with a flow distribution ring groove 41 communicated with the flow distribution groove 52. One end of the valve core 6 penetrates through the valve body 4 and is positioned outside the valve body 4, the valve core 6 penetrates through the valve body 4 and is in sealed rotary connection with the valve body 4, and the valve core 6 positioned outside the valve body 4 can be connected to a driving device (not shown in the figure), such as a motor, for controlling the rotation of the valve core 6.

As shown in fig. 7, the valve core 6 is provided with a protrusion 61 structure, the protrusion 61 structure is provided with a low pressure groove 63 and a high pressure groove 62, the low pressure groove 63 and the high pressure groove 62 respectively have one end opening located on the side surface of the protrusion 61 structure, and the openings of the low pressure groove 63 and the high pressure groove 62 are respectively located on the two opposite sides of the protrusion 61 structure; the low-pressure groove 63 and the high-pressure groove 62 are rectangular grooves, the axial positions of the low-pressure groove 63 and the high-pressure groove 62 far away from the opening are partially overlapped, the width of the flow distribution groove 52 is equal to that of the high-pressure groove 62 and the low-pressure groove 63, and the overlapped axial parts of the low-pressure groove 63 and the high-pressure groove 62 on the structure of the protrusion 61 are aligned with the flow distribution groove 52. The number of the low-pressure grooves 63 and the number of the high-pressure grooves 62 are multiple, the low-pressure grooves 63 and the high-pressure grooves 62 are uniformly distributed on the structure of the bulge 61 in the circumferential direction, and the low-pressure grooves 63 and the high-pressure grooves 62 are distributed at intervals; in this embodiment, it is preferable that the number of the low pressure grooves 63 and the number of the high pressure grooves 62 are 5, 5 distributing grooves 52 are correspondingly arranged on each

protrusion

61, and 5 through holes 51 are arranged on the valve housing 5. The two protrusions 61 are arranged, and the two protrusions 61 are arranged on two sides of the high-pressure port 43.

The high pressure groove 62 communicates with the high pressure port 43 through the cavity between the two protrusions 61, the through hole 51 of the valve sleeve 5, the high pressure ring groove 42 of the valve body 4, and the low pressure groove 63 communicates with the low pressure port 44 through the cavity between the protrusions 61 and the valve body 4. The valve core 6 rotates the high pressure groove 62 and the low pressure groove 63 to respectively communicate with the distribution groove 52, and the distribution groove 52 communicates with the rear cavity 32 through the distribution groove 41 on the valve body 4.

The specific implementation process is as follows: when the rotary valve in the scheme is used for a hydraulic rock drill flusher, after corresponding hydraulic oil is respectively introduced into the high-pressure inlet 11, the high-pressure port 43 and the low-pressure port 44, the valve core 6 is controlled to rotate through the driving device, so that the flow distribution groove 52 of the valve sleeve 5 is respectively communicated with the high-pressure groove 62 and the low-pressure groove 63 in a circulating manner, the high-pressure hydraulic oil and the low-pressure hydraulic oil respectively enter the rear cavity 32 through the flow distribution groove 52 and the flow distribution ring groove 41 in a circulating manner, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil and the low-pressure hydraulic oil are intermittently flushed into the rear cavity 32.

The driving area of the rear cavity 32 is larger than that of the front cavity 31, the front cavity 31 is communicated with the high-pressure input port 11, and high-pressure hydraulic oil is filled in the front cavity 31; when the rear cavity 32 enters high-pressure hydraulic oil, the boss 21 of the impact piston 2 is pushed by the rear cavity 32 to slide towards one side of the front end cover 13; when the rear cavity 32 enters low-pressure hydraulic oil, the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the front cavity 31 can push the boss 21 of the rod of the impact piston 2 to slide towards one side of the rear end cover 14, the impact piston 2 reciprocates in the process that the high-pressure hydraulic oil and the low-pressure hydraulic oil are intermittently flushed into the rear cavity 32, the rock can be chiseled by impact on the drill rod, and the reciprocating frequency of the impact piston 2 can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the valve core 6 through the driving device.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. A rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor, characterized in that: the impact piston type hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder body, an impact piston and a flow distribution rotary valve, wherein a front end cover and a rear end cover are respectively arranged at two ends of the cylinder body, and a high-pressure input port is arranged on the cylinder body; the middle part of the impact piston is provided with a boss which is positioned in the cylinder body and is in sliding connection with the cylinder body, and two ends of the impact piston are respectively in sliding connection with the front end cover and the rear end cover; the boss, the cylinder body, the impact piston and the front end cover form a front cavity, the boss, the cylinder body, the impact piston and the rear end cover form a rear cavity, the driving area of the rear cavity is larger than that of the front cavity, and the high-pressure input port is communicated with the front cavity; the middle parts of the front cavity and the rear cavity are respectively provided with a blocking structure, and the blocking structures are used for being tightly matched with the front end cover or the rear end cover; the flow distribution rotary valve sequentially comprises a valve body, a valve sleeve and a valve core from outside to inside, wherein a low-pressure groove and a high-pressure groove are arranged on the valve core at intervals; the valve sleeve is provided with a flow distribution groove, the valve core rotates, the high-pressure groove and the low-pressure groove can be respectively communicated with the flow distribution groove in a circulating mode, and the flow distribution groove is communicated with the rear cavity.

2. A rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor according to claim 1 wherein the stop structure includes piston steps on both sides of the boss on the impact piston and end cap steps on the front and rear end caps, the piston steps and the end cap steps being in abutting engagement with one another.

3. A rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor according to claim 2 characterised in that the diameter of the impact piston in sliding connection with the front end cap is smaller than the diameter of the impact piston in sliding connection with the rear end cap.

4. A rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor according to claim 3 further including a high pressure accumulator, the cylinder body being provided with a high pressure oil gallery in communication with the high pressure inlet, the high pressure accumulator being in communication with the high pressure oil gallery.

5. A rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the spool is provided with a raised formation on which the low pressure and high pressure grooves are provided, the low and high pressure grooves being oppositely directed.

6. A rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor according to claim 5 wherein the low pressure and high pressure grooves are rectangular grooves and are partially located at the axial position of the projecting formation, the distribution groove being aligned with this axial position.

7. The rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor according to claim 6 wherein the low pressure groove and the high pressure groove are both plural, and the plural low pressure grooves and the plural high pressure grooves are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the raised structure, and the low pressure grooves and the high pressure grooves are distributed at intervals.

8. The rotary valve for the hydraulic rock drill impactor as defined in claim 7, wherein the number of the low pressure grooves and the number of the high pressure grooves are 5, the number of the flow distribution grooves is 5, and the number of the through holes aligned with the high pressure port is 5.

9. A rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor according to claim 8 wherein the raised formations are two and the two raised formations flank the high pressure port and the low pressure port is two.

10. The rotary valve for a hydraulic rock drill impactor as defined in claim 9 wherein the inner wall of the valve body is provided with a flow distribution ring groove communicating with the flow distribution groove, said flow distribution ring groove communicating with the rear cavity; and a high-pressure ring groove communicated with the high-pressure port is arranged in the valve body, and the high-pressure ring groove is communicated with the high-pressure port and the through hole.