CN111877979B - Ratchet type hydraulic impactor - Google Patents
Ratchet type hydraulic impactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111877979B CN111877979B CN202010748564.9A CN202010748564A CN111877979B CN 111877979 B CN111877979 B CN 111877979B CN 202010748564 A CN202010748564 A CN 202010748564A CN 111877979 B CN111877979 B CN 111877979B
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- screw motor
- ratchet wheel
- hammer piston
- drill bit
- impact hammer
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- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
- E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ratchet wheel type hydraulic impactor, which comprises a screw motor rotor, a screw motor outer cylinder, a punching hammer cylinder body, a punching hammer piston, a lower ratchet wheel, a semicircular clamp, a spline sleeve and a drill bit, wherein the screw motor rotor is connected with the lower ratchet wheel through a bolt; the screw motor rotor penetrates through a center hole of the hammer piston and is inserted into a center hole flow channel of the drill bit, the lower end of an outer cylinder of the screw motor is connected with a hammer cylinder body, the lower part of the hammer cylinder body is provided with internal threads which are connected with a spline sleeve, the top surface of the spline sleeve supports a lower ratchet wheel, and a semicircular clamp is arranged at an opening part above the spline sleeve; the outer cylindrical surface of the impact hammer piston is in sealing fit with the impact hammer cylinder body, and the lower bottom surface of the impact hammer piston strikes the top surface of the drill bit; an axial ratchet wheel on the outer end face of the middle part of the punch hammer piston is matched with an axial ratchet on the lower ratchet wheel, and a bit body spline of the drill bit is matched and assembled with a spline groove on the spline sleeve. The invention has the advantages that: simple structure, low failure rate and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a hydraulic impactor, which is used in various drilling technologies for quickly drilling deep holes and large-diameter hard rocks.
Background
Drilling of hard formations, particularly drilling of large-diameter deep wells of hard rock formations, is a major technical challenge at present, and the realization of rapid drilling of large-diameter deep holes of hard formations has important significance for cost reduction and efficiency improvement in engineering fields such as hot dry rock development and igneous rock oil and gas reservoir drilling. Compared with the conventional rotary drilling technology, the rotary percussion drilling technology has the remarkable advantage of high drilling efficiency in hard rock drilling. In the current rotary-percussion drilling technology, an air down-the-hole hammer drilling technology taking compressed air as a transmission medium and a hydraulic impactor taking a slurry medium as a transmission medium are mainly developed, wherein the air down-the-hole hammer has the remarkable advantages of high frequency and high impact power, but the energy consumption of the air down-the-hole hammer is remarkably increased along with the increase of the well depth in deep well application, and the conventional hydraulic impactor with high impact power has the problems of low service life and the like caused by serious abrasion. Therefore, the high-energy hydraulic impactor with the simple structure and the long service life is developed to improve the drilling efficiency of the hard rock and reduce the construction cost in various engineering fields of deep well and hard rock drilling, and belongs to the technical development trend in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of short service life of the existing hydraulic impactor, the invention aims to provide a ratchet type hydraulic impactor which is simple in structure, large in impact energy and long in service life.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the technical scheme, which comprises a screw motor rotor, a screw motor outer cylinder, a punching hammer cylinder body, a punching hammer piston, a lower ratchet wheel, a semicircular clamp, a spline sleeve and a drill bit;
the screw motor rotor is arranged in an outer cylinder of the screw motor to form the screw motor, a spiral section, a transition cylindrical section, a valve port cylindrical section, a hexagonal cylindrical section and a tail cylindrical section of a spiral groove are sequentially processed on the screw motor rotor from top to bottom, the screw motor rotor penetrates through a center hole of the hammer piston and is inserted into a center hole runner of the drill bit, an emptying channel is arranged from the center of the screw motor rotor to the lower part of the valve port cylindrical section, and the emptying channel is introduced into the center runner of the drill bit;
the lower end of an outer cylinder of the screw motor is connected with a stamping hammer cylinder body, the lower part of the stamping hammer cylinder body is provided with internal threads which are connected with a spline housing, the top surface of the spline housing supports a lower ratchet wheel, and a semicircular clamp is arranged at an opening part above the spline housing; the outer cylindrical surface of the impact hammer piston is in sealing fit with the impact hammer cylinder body, an axial ratchet is machined on the outer end face of the middle of the impact hammer piston, the lower portion of the impact hammer piston is an impact cylindrical section, the center top of the impact hammer piston is a circular orifice matched with the valve port cylindrical section, the center lower portion of the impact hammer piston is a center hexagonal hole matched with the hexagonal cylindrical section, and the lower bottom surface of the impact hammer piston touches the top surface of a drill bit; a central hexagonal hole of the impact hammer piston is matched with a hexagonal column section on a screw motor rotor, an axial ratchet wheel on the outer end face of the middle part of the impact hammer piston is matched with an axial ratchet on a lower ratchet wheel, and an outer prism surface of the lower ratchet wheel is in transition fit with the inner surface of a regular polygon on the lower part of the impact hammer cylinder body; the spline of the drill bit body of the drill bit is matched with the spline groove on the spline housing to form an assembly body capable of axially moving, and the drill bit is prevented from falling off from the spline housing through the semicircular clamp.
Preferably, the top surface of the spline housing is provided with a bushing, the upper step surface of the bushing supports the lower ratchet wheel, the bushing is axially limited by the lower ratchet wheel, and the semicircular clamp is fixed on the inner wall of the bushing or the opening above the spline housing.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention adopts the ratchet mechanism as the resetting mechanism of the hammer piston, has simple structure and low failure rate, and the frequency and the stroke of the hammer piston can be accurately controlled by adjusting the number of the ratchets of the ratchet mechanism. Meanwhile, the reciprocating motion of the piston of the impact hammer does not depend on the control of the valve core, so that the ratchet type hydraulic impactor has the advantages of fewer parts, fewer easily-damaged parts, long service life and the like compared with a valve-controlled impactor.
Drawings
The drawings of the invention are illustrated as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line a-a in fig. 1.
In the figure, 1, a screw motor rotor; 11. a helical section; 12. a transition cylindrical section; 13. a valve port cylindrical section; 14. a hexagonal column section, 15, a tail cylindrical section; 16. an evacuation channel;
2. a screw motor outer cylinder; 3. a ram cylinder; 4. a hammer piston; 5. a lower ratchet wheel; 6. a bushing; 7. a semicircular card; 8. a spline housing; 9. a drill bit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention comprises a screw motor rotor 1, a screw motor outer cylinder 2, a hammer cylinder 3, a hammer piston 4, a lower ratchet wheel 5, a semicircular clamp 7, a spline housing 8 and a drill bit 9;
the screw motor rotor 1 is arranged in a screw motor outer cylinder 2 to form a screw motor, a spiral section 11, a transition cylindrical section 12, a valve port cylindrical section 13, a hexagonal cylindrical section 14 and a tail cylindrical section 15 which are provided with spiral grooves are sequentially processed on the screw motor rotor 1 from top to bottom, the screw motor rotor 1 penetrates through a center hole of a hammer piston 4 to be inserted into a center hole runner of a drill bit 9, an emptying channel 16 is arranged from the center part of the screw motor rotor 1 to the lower part of the valve port cylindrical section 13, and the emptying channel is introduced into the center runner of the drill bit 9 through the tail cylindrical section 15;
the lower end of the screw motor outer cylinder 2 is connected with the impact hammer cylinder body 3 through threads, the lower part of the impact hammer cylinder body 3 is provided with internal threads which are connected with the spline housing 8, the top surface of the spline housing 8 supports the lower ratchet wheel 5, the top surface of the spline housing 8 is axially limited by the lower ratchet wheel 5, and the semicircular clamp 7 is arranged at the opening part above the spline housing 8; the outer cylindrical surface of the impact hammer piston 4 is in sealing fit with the impact hammer cylinder 3, the outer end surface of the middle part of the impact hammer piston 4 is provided with an axial ratchet, the lower part of the impact hammer piston 4 is an impact cylindrical section, the center top of the impact hammer piston 4 is a circular orifice matched with the valve port cylindrical section 13, the center lower part of the impact hammer piston 4 is a center hexagonal hole matched with the hexagonal cylindrical section 14, and the lower bottom surface of the impact hammer piston 4 touches the top surface of the drill bit 9; as shown in fig. 2, a central hexagonal hole of the hammer piston 4 is matched with a hexagonal column section 14 on the screw motor rotor, an axial ratchet wheel on the outer end surface of the middle part of the hammer piston 4 is matched with an axial ratchet on the lower ratchet wheel 5, and an outer prism surface of the lower ratchet wheel 5 is in transition fit with the inner surface of a regular polygon at the lower part of the hammer cylinder 3; the spline of the drill bit body of the drill bit 9 is matched with the spline groove on the spline housing 8 to form an assembly body capable of axially moving, and the drill bit is prevented from falling off from the spline housing 8 through the semicircular clamp 7.
In the embodiment, the top surface of the spline housing 8 is provided with a bushing 6, the upper step surface of the bushing 6 supports the lower ratchet wheel 5, and the bushing 6 is used for axially limiting the lower ratchet wheel 5; the semicircular card 7 is fixed on the inner wall of the lining 6 or the opening part above the spline housing 8.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when high-pressure drilling fluid flows through a spiral flow passage formed by the screw motor rotor 1 and the screw motor outer cylinder 2, the screw motor rotor 1 is driven to rotate at a high speed, the hammer piston 4 and the screw motor rotor 1 rotate at a high speed together due to the fact that a hexagonal hole in the center of the hammer piston 4 is matched with a hexagonal column section 14 on the screw motor rotor 1, an axial ratchet wheel in the middle of the hammer piston 4 is matched with an axial ratchet wheel of a lower ratchet wheel 5, and the lower ratchet wheel 5 and the hammer piston outer cylinder are matched in an eight-direction, so that the lower ratchet wheel 5 cannot rotate synchronously with the hammer piston 4, the lower ratchet wheel 5 and the hammer piston 4 generate rotation speed difference, under the rotation action of a ratchet step slope of the lower ratchet wheel 5 and the hammer piston 4, the hammer piston 4 moves upwards to a large-diameter part of a valve port cylindrical section 13 of the screw motor rotor 1, and a circular hole in the top of the hammer piston 4 is gradually matched with the valve port to form sealing, the high-pressure drilling fluid in the cavity on the upper end face of the hammer piston 4 is suppressed and acts on the hammer piston, when the hammer piston 4 continuously rotates to the position where the axial ratchet slope face is separated from the contact with the axial ratchet slope face on the lower ratchet wheel 5, the upper top face of the hammer piston 4 downwards and rapidly impacts the drill bit 9 under the action of the high-pressure drilling fluid, and simultaneously opens the valve port of the valve port cylindrical section 13, and the high-pressure drilling fluid enters the emptying channel 16. Repeating the above process to form reciprocating impact effect.
Claims (2)
1. A ratchet type hydraulic impactor is characterized in that: the device comprises a screw motor rotor (1), a screw motor outer cylinder (2), a punching hammer cylinder body (3), a punching hammer piston (4), a lower ratchet wheel (5), a semicircular clamp (7), a spline sleeve (8) and a drill bit (9);
the screw motor rotor (1) is arranged in a screw motor outer cylinder (2) to form a screw motor, the screw motor rotor (1) is sequentially processed with a spiral section (11) with a spiral groove, a transition cylindrical section (12), a valve port cylindrical section (13), a hexagonal cylindrical section (14) and a tail cylindrical section (15) from top to bottom, the screw motor rotor (1) penetrates through a center hole of a hammer piston (4) to be inserted into a center hole flow channel of a drill bit (9), an emptying channel (16) is arranged from the center part of the screw motor rotor (1) to the lower part of the valve port cylindrical section (13), and the emptying channel is introduced into the center flow channel of the drill bit (9);
the lower end of an outer cylinder (2) of the screw motor is connected with a punching hammer cylinder body (3), the lower part of the punching hammer cylinder body (3) is provided with internal threads which are connected with a spline housing (8), the top surface of the spline housing (8) supports a lower ratchet wheel (5), and a semicircular clamp (7) is arranged at an opening part above the spline housing (8); the outer cylindrical surface of the impact hammer piston (4) is in sealing fit with the impact hammer cylinder body (3), an axial ratchet is machined on the outer end face of the middle of the impact hammer piston (4), the lower portion of the impact hammer piston is an impact cylindrical section, the center of the top of the center of the impact hammer piston (4) is a circular hole matched with the valve port cylindrical section (13), the center lower portion of the impact hammer piston is a center hexagonal hole matched with the hexagonal cylindrical section (14), and the lower bottom surface of the impact hammer piston (4) touches the top surface of the drill bit (9); a central hexagonal hole of the impact hammer piston (4) is matched with a hexagonal column section (14) on a screw motor rotor, an axial ratchet wheel on the outer end face of the middle part of the impact hammer piston (4) is matched with an axial ratchet on the lower ratchet wheel (5), and an outer prismatic surface of the lower ratchet wheel (5) is in transition fit with the inner surface of a regular polygon at the lower part of the impact hammer cylinder body (3); the splines of the drill bit body of the drill bit (9) are matched with the spline grooves on the spline housing (8) to form an assembly body capable of axially moving, and the drill bit is prevented from falling off from the spline housing (8) through the semicircular clamp (7).
2. A ratchet-type hydraulic impactor according to claim 1 and wherein: the top surface of the spline housing (8) is also provided with a bushing (6), the upper step surface of the bushing (6) supports the lower ratchet wheel (5), and the semicircular clamp (7) is fixed on the inner wall of the bushing (6) or the opening part above the spline housing (8).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010748564.9A CN111877979B (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Ratchet type hydraulic impactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010748564.9A CN111877979B (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Ratchet type hydraulic impactor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111877979A CN111877979A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| CN111877979B true CN111877979B (en) | 2022-03-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010748564.9A Active CN111877979B (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Ratchet type hydraulic impactor |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN111877979B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112647839B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2023-03-10 | 贵阳云海岩土工程有限公司 | Self-rotating pneumatic down-the-hole hammer |
| CN113585960B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2023-11-21 | 重庆大学 | Central rotary valve type hydraulic impactor |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1250828A (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1989-03-07 | Dmitry F. Baldenko | Downhole screw motor |
| CN203701966U (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-07-09 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Screw axial-flow type underground power pressurization drilling tool |
| CN105275384A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-01-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A percussion drilling device |
| CN107664013A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-02-06 | 西南石油大学 | Vane type axial and circumferential composite impact device |
| CN208734274U (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-04-12 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | One kind is spun screw drive axle assembly |
| CN110344754A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-10-18 | 吉林大学 | A kind of hydraulic impacter |
-
2020
- 2020-07-30 CN CN202010748564.9A patent/CN111877979B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1250828A (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1989-03-07 | Dmitry F. Baldenko | Downhole screw motor |
| CN203701966U (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-07-09 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Screw axial-flow type underground power pressurization drilling tool |
| CN105275384A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-01-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A percussion drilling device |
| CN107664013A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-02-06 | 西南石油大学 | Vane type axial and circumferential composite impact device |
| CN208734274U (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-04-12 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | One kind is spun screw drive axle assembly |
| CN110344754A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-10-18 | 吉林大学 | A kind of hydraulic impacter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 弹簧蓄能激发式旋转冲击钻井装置的研制;玄令超等;《石油机械》;20151110;第43卷(第11期);第18-21页 * |
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| CN111877979A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
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