CN113817910B - Homogenization treatment device, casting equipment and preparation method of high-homogeneity cast ingot - Google Patents

Homogenization treatment device, casting equipment and preparation method of high-homogeneity cast ingot Download PDF

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CN113817910B
CN113817910B CN202111171908.5A CN202111171908A CN113817910B CN 113817910 B CN113817910 B CN 113817910B CN 202111171908 A CN202111171908 A CN 202111171908A CN 113817910 B CN113817910 B CN 113817910B
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cooling
heating
driving mechanism
ingot
side plate
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CN113817910A (en
Inventor
张佼
秦翔智
赵巍
刘晓腾
姜海涛
田进
王成建
孟祥永
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Kunshan Crystalline New Materials Research Institute Co ltd
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Kunshan Crystalline New Materials Research Institute Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
    • B22F12/88—Handling of additively manufactured products, e.g. by robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to a homogenization treatment device, casting equipment and a preparation method of a high-homogeneity cast ingot. The homogenization treatment apparatus of the present application includes: a first drive mechanism, a second drive mechanism, a third drive mechanism, at least one thermally sealed component, at least two heating components, and at least two cooling components; the first driving mechanism is used for driving the sealing heat insulation piece to move; each sealing heat insulation piece comprises a first side plate, a top plate and a second side plate which are sequentially connected; each heating element is positioned between the first side plate and the second side plate, and each two heating elements are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the top plate; the second driving mechanism is used for driving each two opposite heating parts to be close to or far away from each other; every two cooling pieces are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the top plate; the third driving mechanism is used for driving each two opposite cooling pieces to be close to or far away from each other. Therefore, the initial ingot casting device can directly perform homogenization treatment on the initial ingot casting after the initial ingot casting is formed by casting, and is high in efficiency and good in homogenization effect.

Description

Homogenization treatment device, casting equipment and preparation method of high-homogeneity cast ingot
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of material processing, in particular to a homogenization treatment device, casting equipment and a preparation method of a high-homogeneity ingot.
Background
In order to improve the metallurgical quality and the extrusion performance of metal ingots, certain metal ingots are homogenized. The homogenization treatment in the prior art is generally performed in a homogenizing furnace, and the operation process generally includes that after an initial ingot is prepared by casting equipment such as a 3D printing device and the like, the initial ingot is taken out of the casting equipment such as the 3D printing device and the like, and then is put into the homogenizing furnace for homogenization treatment, so that the time and the labor are consumed in the process, the homogenization effect is poor, and the ingot with low crystallization precipitation and high in-crystal solid solution structure cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a homogenization treatment device, casting equipment and a preparation method of a high-homogeneity cast ingot, wherein the homogenization treatment device can be applied to the casting equipment, can directly perform homogenization treatment on an initial cast ingot after the initial cast ingot is formed by casting of the casting equipment, and is high in efficiency and good in homogenization effect.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects,
in a first aspect, the present application provides a homogenization treatment apparatus comprising: the device comprises a first driving mechanism, a second driving mechanism, a third driving mechanism, at least one sealing and heat insulating part, at least two heating parts and at least two cooling parts, wherein the first driving mechanism is connected with the first driving mechanism; the first driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the sealing heat-insulation piece and is used for driving the sealing heat-insulation piece to move; each sealing heat insulation piece comprises a first side plate, a top plate and a second side plate which are sequentially connected, the first side plate and the second side plate are arranged on the same side of the top plate, and the first side plate and the second side plate are oppositely arranged; each heating element is positioned between the first side plate and the second side plate, and each two heating elements are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the top plate; the second driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the heating parts and is used for driving each two opposite heating parts to approach or move away; every two cooling pieces are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the top plate; and the third driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the cooling parts and is used for driving every two opposite cooling parts to approach or separate from each other.
In one embodiment, the homogenizing apparatus further comprises: and the locking mechanism is arranged on the heating element and/or the sealed heat insulation element and used for locking the heating element and the sealed heat insulation element.
In one embodiment, each of the cooling elements comprises: the cooling plate is provided with a plurality of air holes; the main gas pipe is connected with a plurality of branch gas pipes, and each branch gas pipe is respectively connected with a gas hole; an air valve and a pressure measuring element are arranged on the main air pipe, and an air supply mechanism is connected with the main air pipe.
In one embodiment, each of the heating elements includes: the temperature measuring device comprises a first guide plate, a heater and a temperature measuring element, wherein the heater is arranged on the first guide plate; the temperature measuring element is arranged on the first guide plate.
In one embodiment, each of the heating elements further comprises: the second guide plate is connected with the first guide plate and arranged in an intersecting mode, and the second guide plate is used for being attached to the top plate to form sealing.
In one embodiment, any one of the cooling members intersects the heating member.
In one embodiment, the homogenizing apparatus further comprises: and the main control is connected with the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism, the third driving mechanism, the heating element and the cooling element.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a casting apparatus comprising: the homogenizing device comprises a homogenizing device, a printing platform and a crucible, wherein the crucible is provided with a nozzle and a switch device for controlling the opening and closing of the nozzle, the homogenizing device is arranged between the printing platform and the nozzle, and the homogenizing device is the homogenizing device in any one of the previous embodiments.
In one embodiment, the casting apparatus further comprises: and the main control machine is connected with the homogenization treatment device and the switching device.
In one embodiment, the casting apparatus further comprises: and the limiting device is arranged on the printing platform, the heating element and the sealed heat insulation element and used for limiting the movement of the heating element and the sealed heat insulation element.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a method of producing a high-homogeneity ingot, using the casting apparatus according to the foregoing embodiment, the method including:
opening the nozzle to obtain an initial cast ingot formed on the printing platform;
moving the heating element and the sealing and insulating element by the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism such that the printing platform, the heating element, and the sealing and insulating element form a processing space surrounding the initial ingot;
controlling the heating element to heat the processing space, and enabling the processing space to be in a first preset environment;
repositioning the heating element and the sealing and insulating element by the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism;
and moving the cooling part through the third driving mechanism, and controlling the cooling part to cool the initial ingot to obtain a final ingot.
In an embodiment, two cooling members are provided, which are a first cooling member and a second cooling member, respectively, and the moving of the cooling members by the third driving mechanism and the control of the cooling members to cool the initial ingot to obtain the final ingot includes:
moving the first cooling part to the printing platform through the third driving mechanism, and controlling the first cooling part to cool the initial ingot;
resetting the first cooling member by the third drive mechanism;
moving the second cooling part to the printing platform through the third driving mechanism, and controlling the second cooling part to cool the initial ingot;
resetting the second cooling element by the second drive mechanism.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application is:
the homogenization treatment device can be applied to casting equipment, and the homogenization treatment is directly carried out on the initial ingot casting after the initial ingot casting is formed by casting equipment, so that the initial ingot casting is not required to be taken out from the casting equipment such as a 3D printing device and then put into a homogenization furnace to be subjected to homogenization treatment, time and labor are saved, the efficiency is high, the homogenization effect is good, and the final ingot casting with low crystallization rate and low precipitation and high solid solution structure in crystal can be obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a front view of a casting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a homogenization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a casting apparatus with the sealed insulation panels in place according to one embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a left side view of a casting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 5 is a top view of a casting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a method for producing a high-homogeneity ingot according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a temperature-time graph of a method of manufacturing a high homogeneity ingot as shown in an example of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a temperature-time graph of a method of manufacturing a high homogeneity ingot as shown in an example of the present application.
Fig. 9 is a temperature-time graph of a method of manufacturing a high homogeneity ingot as shown in an example of the present application.
Icon: 10-a casting device; 11-a printing platform; 111-ingot casting; 112-a stop device; 113-a mobile device; 12-a crucible; 13-a nozzle; 14-a main control machine; 15-a homogenization treatment device; 200-sealing the thermal insulation; 210-a first side panel; 220-a top plate; 230-a second side plate; 300-a first drive mechanism; 400-a heating element; 410-a first guide plate; 420-a heater; 430-a second guide plate; 440-a temperature measuring element; 500-a second drive mechanism; 600-a cooling element; 610-a cooling plate; 611-air holes; 620-air supply mechanism; 630-a main gas pipe; 631-a gas valve; 632-a load cell; 640-bronchus; 601-a first cooling member; 602-a second cooling member; 700-a third drive mechanism; 800-a locking mechanism; 900-master control.
Detailed Description
The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and not for purposes of indicating or implying relative importance, and do not denote any order or order.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally arranged when products of the application are used, and are used only for convenience in describing the application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the application.
In the description of the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements.
The technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to FIG. 1, a front view of a casting apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. A casting apparatus 10 comprising: a homogenizing device 15, a printing platform 11 and a crucible 12, wherein the crucible 12 is provided with one or more nozzles 13, and the homogenizing device 15 is arranged between the printing platform 11 and the nozzles 13.
The casting apparatus 10 further includes: and a switching device (not shown in the figure) for controlling the opening and closing of the nozzle 13, wherein the switching device can be a valve or a plug rod and a plug rod moving structure.
The printing platform 11 may or may not be provided with a cooling mechanism. The printing platform 11 may be movable or stationary. In one embodiment, the casting apparatus 10 further comprises: and the moving device 113, wherein the moving device 113 is connected with the printing platform 11 and is used for driving the printing platform 11 to move. The moving device 113 may be a vertical moving device, a horizontal moving device, or a three-dimensional moving device, and may include a slide rail, a lead screw, an air cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder.
In one operation, when the switch device opens the nozzle 13, the molten metal in the crucible 12 is sprayed onto the printing platform 11 to form the initial ingot 111, and the homogenizing device 15 can be activated to homogenize the initial ingot 111 on the printing platform 11. Therefore, the initial ingot 111 can be directly homogenized after the initial ingot 111 is cast and formed by the casting equipment 10, the initial ingot 111 does not need to be taken out of the casting equipment 10 such as a 3D printing device and then put into a homogenizing furnace for homogenization, time and labor are saved, efficiency is high, the homogenization effect is good, and the final ingot 111 with low precipitation of crystallization and high solid solution structure in crystal can be obtained.
It should be noted that the casting apparatus 10 may be a conventional casting apparatus 10, and may also be a 3D printing apparatus. The homogenizing device can be applied to metal casting and other printing materials.
Please refer to fig. 2, which is an exploded view of the homogenizing apparatus 15 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. A homogenizing apparatus 15 includes: a first driving mechanism 300, a second driving mechanism 500, a third driving mechanism 700, at least one hermetic heat insulator 200, at least two heating members 400, and at least two cooling members 600. In this embodiment, the printing platform 11 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and two sealing heat insulating members 200, two heating members 400, and two cooling members 600 are provided. In another embodiment, there is one hermetic insulating member 200, and two heating members 400 and two cooling members 600 are provided. In other embodiments, there is one insulating sealing member 200, and there are 3, 4, or 5 heating members 400 and cooling members 600, respectively.
Each of the sealed thermal insulation members 200 includes a first side plate 210, a top plate 220 and a second side plate 230 connected in sequence, the first side plate 210 and the second side plate 230 are both disposed on the same side of the top plate 220, and the first side plate 210 and the second side plate 230 are disposed oppositely. The first side plate 210, the top plate 220 and the second side plate 230 are all of a quadrilateral structure, and are arranged in such a way that the longitudinal section of the sealed heat insulation piece 200 is in a shape of' 20866. A direction in which the first side plate 210 points toward the second side plate 230 is defined as rearward, and a direction in which the top plate 220 points toward the printing platform 11 is defined as downward, thereby defining six directions of upward, downward, leftward, rightward, frontward, and rearward.
The first driving mechanism 300 is in transmission connection with the sealing and heat insulating element 200 and is used for driving the sealing and heat insulating element 200 to move left and right. The first driving mechanism 300 may be a pneumatic cylinder, a slide rail, a lead screw, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder. In this embodiment, the first driving mechanism 300 includes two cylinders respectively connected to the two sealing heat insulators 200. Since the longitudinal section of the thermal insulation member 200 is in a shape of "\20866", when the first driving mechanism 300 drives the thermal insulation member 200 to move above the printing platform 11, the thermal insulation plate and the printing platform 11 can form a structure which is closed up and down, back and forth, and opened left and right.
Each of the heating members 400 is positioned between the first side plate 210 and the second side plate 230, and each of the two heating members 400 is respectively disposed at left and right opposite sides of the top plate 220; the second driving mechanism 500 is drivingly connected to the heating members 400 for driving the heating members 400 to move left and right so that each two opposite heating members 400 are moved closer to or farther away from each other. The second driving mechanism 500 may be a pneumatic cylinder, a slide rail, a lead screw, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder. In this embodiment, the second driving mechanism 500 includes two air cylinders respectively connected to the two heating members 400. When the second driving mechanism 500 drives the two heating members 400 to approach each other to a certain distance, the heating members 400, the sealing heat-insulating plate and the printing platform 11 form a processing space which is closed up, down, front, back, left and right, and when the heating members 400 heat the processing space, the ingot 111 on the printing platform 11 can be heat-treated.
Each two cooling members 600 are respectively arranged at the front and rear opposite sides of the top plate 220; the third driving mechanism 700 is drivingly connected to the cooling members 600, and is used for driving the cooling members 600 to move back and forth, so that each two opposite cooling members 600 are close to or far away from each other. The third driving mechanism 700 may be a pneumatic cylinder, a slide rail, a lead screw, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder. In this embodiment, the third driving mechanism 700 includes two cylinders respectively connected to the two cooling members 600. After the first driving mechanism 300 and the second driving mechanism 500 respectively drive the thermal insulating sealing member 200 and the heating member 400 to reset, i.e., leave the printing platform 11, the third driving mechanism 700 can drive the cooling member 600 to move to the vicinity of the printing platform 11, so that the ingot 111 on the printing platform 11 can be cooled by blowing cold air or spraying cold water to the printing platform 11.
In summary, in the present embodiment, the movement of the sealing heat insulating member 200, the heating member 400, and the cooling member 600 is controlled, so that the ingot 111 can be sequentially heat-treated or cooled, thereby achieving the homogenization treatment and improving the microstructure of the ingot 111. The homogenizing device has a wide application range, can be applied to the casting equipment 10, and can be matched with any plate for placing the object to be homogenized to perform homogenizing treatment.
Wherein, the heating member 400 includes: a first guide plate 410, a second guide plate 430, each heating element 400 comprising: the temperature measuring device comprises a first guide plate 410, a second guide plate 430, a heater 420 and a temperature measuring element 440, wherein the second guide plate 430 is connected with the first guide plate 410 and intersected to form an L shape, and the heater 420 is arranged inside the first guide plate 410 or attached to the first guide plate 410; the temperature measuring element 440 is disposed on the first guide plate 410 for detecting the temperature in the processing space.
The second guide plate 430 is disposed to be attached to the top plate 220 to form a seal, thereby improving the sealing performance of the processing space and preventing heat loss during the heating process. Wherein, the lateral width of the second guide plate 430 is smaller than that of the top plate 220 to improve the sealability of the processing space. In another embodiment, the heating element 400 may not include the second guide plate 430. In another embodiment, the heating element 400 may not include the temperature measuring element 440. It should be noted that the temperature measuring element 440 may be provided only on a part of the number of heating members 400, or may be provided on each heating member 400.
The first side plate 210 and the second side plate 230 have the same size and shape and are symmetrically arranged front and back, and the transverse width of the top plate 220 is greater than that of the first side plate 210. The right edges of the first side plate 210, the second side plate 230 and the top plate 220 of the left side heat sealed and insulated panel are aligned, and the left edges of the first side plate 210, the second side plate 230 and the top plate 220 of the right side heat sealed and insulated panel are aligned, so that a sealed processing space can be formed when the two heat sealed and insulated panels are close to and closely attached to each other. The heating element 400 is perpendicular to the first side plate 210, the first side plate 210 is perpendicular to the top plate 220, and the second guiding plate 430 is perpendicular to the first guiding plate 410.
Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which is a front view of the casting apparatus 10 with the sealed insulation panels in place according to one embodiment of the present application. The homogenization apparatus 15 further includes: a locking mechanism 800, wherein the locking mechanism 800 is disposed on the heating element 400 and/or the thermal insulating sealing member 200, for locking the heating element 400 and the thermal insulating sealing member 200 to improve the sealing property of the processing space, thereby preventing heat loss during the heating process.
In one embodiment, the latching mechanism 800 can include cooperating latch tabs and latch hooks on the insulating sealing member 200 and the heating element 400, respectively. In one embodiment, the locking mechanism 800 may comprise mating recesses and protrusions on the hermetic insulating member 200 and the heating member 400, respectively. In one embodiment, the locking mechanism 800 may include a sealing ring that is sleeved outside the heating element 400. In one embodiment, the locking mechanism 800 can include a sealing and non-slip layer disposed on the inner wall of the thermal insulation member 200.
The casting apparatus 10 further includes: and the limiting device 112, the limiting device 112 is arranged on the printing platform 11, the heating element 400 and the thermal insulation sealing element 200 and is used for limiting the movement of the heating element 400 and the thermal insulation sealing element 200. The limiting means 112 may comprise cooperating recesses and protrusions provided on the printing platform 11, the thermal insulating sealing member 200 and the heating member 400, respectively.
It should be noted that fig. 3 is a front view of the casting apparatus 10 with the sealed heat insulation panels in place, and it can be seen that a space is left between the two sealed heat insulation panels, which are respectively located at the front and rear edges of the printing platform 11. FIG. 1 is a front view of the casting apparatus 10 after the sealing panels have been moved, and it can be seen that the two sealing panels are in close proximity and form a processing space.
Referring to fig. 4, a left side view of a casting apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. Each cooling element 600 comprises: the cooling plate 610, the main air pipe 630 and the air supply mechanism 620, wherein the cooling plate 610 is provided with a plurality of air holes 611; the main air pipe 630 is connected with a plurality of branch air pipes 640, and each branch air pipe 640 is respectively connected with an air hole 611; an air valve 631 and a load cell 632 are arranged on the main air pipe 630, and the air supply mechanism 620 is connected with the main air pipe 630. The air supply mechanism 620 may include an air reservoir and an air pump. The gas valve 631 may be a numerical control valve.
Wherein, the plurality of air holes 611 may be distributed in a bidirectional linear array. The structure of the air holes 611 may be a truncated cone shape or a cylindrical shape. In one embodiment, the air hole 611 has a truncated cone shape, and the inner diameter thereof is gradually increased from the inside to the outside.
Referring to FIG. 5, a top view of the casting apparatus 10 according to one embodiment of the present application is shown. Any cooling element 600 is disposed across the heating element 400. In this embodiment, the cooling member 600 is perpendicular to the heating member 400. The cooling member 600 is provided in two. The two cooling members 600 are a first cooling member 601 and a second cooling member 602, respectively.
The homogenization apparatus 15 further includes: the main control 900, the main control 900 includes computer processing equipment such as a human-computer interaction interface, a timer, a transceiver, a processor and a controller, is connected with the first driving mechanism 300, the second driving mechanism 500, the third driving mechanism 700, the heating element 400 and the cooling element 600, and is used for controlling and processing information, and realizes functions of regulating and controlling the air pressure of the main air pipe 630, regulating and controlling the temperature, timing, controlling the sealing and heat insulating plate, the movement of the heating element 400 and the movement of the cooling element 600, and the like.
The casting equipment 10 further comprises a main control machine 14, the main control machine 14 comprises computer processing equipment such as a human-computer interaction interface, a timer, a transceiver, a processor and a controller, and the main control machine 14 can be electrically connected with the main control 900 of the homogenizing device 15, the moving device 113 and the switch device for control and information processing. The homogenization apparatus 15 and the nozzle 13 are controlled to open and close and the printing table 11 is controlled to move. In another embodiment, the homogenizing apparatus 15 does not include: the main control unit 900 is connected to the main control unit 14 through the first driving mechanism 300, the second driving mechanism 500, the third driving mechanism 700, the heating element 400 and the cooling element 600.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a high-homogeneity ingot 111 according to an embodiment of the present application. The preparation method of the high-homogeneity ingot 111 is used for improving the aging process in the prior art and improving the mechanical property of the metal to be treated. The method of producing the high-homogeneity ingot 111 can be used for the casting apparatus 10 shown in fig. 1 or fig. 5. The preparation method of the high-homogeneity ingot 111 comprises the following steps: step S110-step S150.
Step S110: nozzle 13 is opened to obtain initial ingot 111 formed on printing platform 11.
In this step, after the switching device is controlled by the main control machine 14 to open the nozzle 13, the metal melt in the crucible 12 is sprayed onto the printing platform 11 to form an initial ingot 111. The material of initial ingot 111 may be a pure metal or an alloy. Such as an aluminum alloy.
Prior to this step, a step of supplying liquid to the crucible 12 may be further included.
Step S120: heating element 400 and hermetic insulating member 200 are moved by first drive mechanism 300 and second drive mechanism 500 such that printing platform 11, heating element 400 and hermetic insulating member 200 form a processing space surrounding initial ingot 111.
In this step, the heating element 400 and the thermal insulating sealing member 200 may or may not be moved simultaneously. In this embodiment, the heating member 400 and the thermal insulating sealing member 200 are simultaneously moved, that is, when the first driving mechanism 300 is operated, the second driving mechanism 500 is also operated.
When heating element 400 and thermally insulating seal 200 are moved to the limit of stop 112, locking mechanism 800 is actuated to secure heating element 400 and thermally insulating seal 200 together so that initial ingot 111 is in a closed processing space to prevent heat loss during heating.
Step S130: the heating member 400 is controlled to heat the processing space and to maintain the processing space in a first predetermined environment.
Before this step, the user can input the required heat treatment schedule (heating temperature and holding time) into the main controller 900 or the main controller 14. The first predetermined environment in this step is the heat treatment system (heating temperature and holding time) input by the user.
In this step, the main control 900 or the main control 14 controls the heating element 400 to heat and preserve heat in the processing space.
Step S140: the heating element 400 and the adiabatic member 200 are restored by the first and second driving mechanisms 300 and 500.
After the heating and heat-insulating steps S130 are completed, the locking mechanism 800 is closed, and the heating element 400 and the adiabatic sealing member 200 are simultaneously returned to their original positions by the first driving mechanism 300 and the second driving mechanism 500, so as to prevent the heating element 400 and the adiabatic sealing member 200 from interfering with the cooling element 600 and affecting the cooling process S150.
Step S150: and (4) moving cooling part 600 through third driving mechanism 700, and controlling cooling part 600 to cool initial ingot 111 to obtain final ingot 111.
Before this step, the user may input the required cooling schedule (gas cooling frequency, cooling pressure, etc.) into the main controller 900 or the main controller 14.
In one embodiment, initial ingot 111 may be simultaneously cooled by both side simultaneous jet cooling via front and rear side cooling elements 600 to produce final ingot 111.
In one embodiment, initial ingot 111 may be single-side jet cooled by only one cooling element 600 to provide final ingot 111.
In one embodiment, step S150 includes the following steps: step S151: first cooling member 601 is moved to printing platform 11 by third driving mechanism 700, and first cooling member 601 is controlled to cool initial ingot 111. Step S152: the first cooling member 601 is reset by the third driving mechanism 700. Step S153: second cooling member 602 is moved to printing station 11 by third drive mechanism 700 and second cooling member 602 is controlled to cool initial ingot 111. Step S154: the second cooling member 602 is reset by the second driving mechanism 500, and thereafter, steps S151 to S154 may be repeated. In this manner, ingot 111 is cooled by circulating cooling before and after the ingot is cooled.
It should be noted that, if the gas is blown to cool the single side, the cooling capacity is gradually reduced along the gas flow direction, and there is cooling unevenness; if the two sides are simultaneously sprayed with air for cooling, the gas molecules collide and return, the middle part is not easy to cool, and the structure and performance uniformity of the cast ingot 111 are further influenced. When the front and back circulation cooling is adopted, the gas molecules are not collided and returned, and the defect that the cooling efficiency of the gas in the flowing direction is reduced can be overcome, so that the cooling can be carried out quickly, the alloy elements which are dissolved in the matrix in a solid mode are prevented from being separated out again, the uniformity in the cooling process is improved, the uniformity of the structure and the performance of the cast ingot 111 is improved, the content of the second phase of the material is reduced, the solid solubility is improved, the segregation is reduced, and the equiaxial crystal ingot with low crystallization and precipitation and high solid solution structure in the crystal can be obtained. Therefore, in this embodiment, a front-back circulation cooling system is adopted.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the front cylinder of the third driving mechanism 700 and the gas valve 631 of the first cooling element 601 are in a closed state (i.e., a home position), the rear cylinder of the third driving mechanism 700 is opened, the cooling plate 610 of the second cooling element 602 is advanced, the gas valve 631 of the second cooling element 602 is opened, and the cooling gas is ejected to cool the ingot 111 for 0 to 60 seconds (the time is not preferably too long to affect the structure and performance of the ingot 111). After that, the gas valve 631 of the second cooling element 602 is closed, the rear cylinder in the third driving mechanism 700 is retracted to the home position, the front cylinder in the third driving mechanism 700 is opened, the cooling plate 610 of the first cooling element 601 is advanced, the gas valve 631 of the first cooling element 601 is opened, the cooling gas is ejected to cool the ingot 111 for 0 to 60 seconds, and so on until the ingot 111 is cooled to room temperature.
Wherein, the cooling gas supplied by the gas supply mechanism 620 is nitrogen, which has low price, good cooling performance and environmental protection. The cooling pressure is 0-10bar. The cooling pressure can be regulated by gas valve 631 and load cell 632. The greater the degree of opening of gas valve 631, the higher the value of load cell 632, and the greater the cooling pressure. Conversely, the smaller the degree of opening of valve 631, the lower the value of load cell 632, and the lower the cooling pressure.
The setting of the cooling frequency is controlled by setting the start/stop frequency of the front cylinder in the third driving mechanism 700, the air valve 631 of the first cooling element 601, the rear cylinder in the third driving mechanism 700, and the air valve 631 of the second cooling element 602. For example: the front side cylinder in the third driving mechanism 700 and the air valves 631-30S of the first cooling part 601 are stopped, and the rear side cylinder in the third driving mechanism 700 and the air valves 631-30S of the second cooling part 602 are operated; the cylinders on the front side and the air valves 631-60S of the first cooling part 601 in the third driving mechanism 700 are operated, and the cylinders on the rear side and the air valves 631-60S of the second cooling part 602 in the third driving mechanism 700 are stopped; the front side cylinder in the third driving mechanism 700 and the air valves 631-90S of the first cooling part 601 are stopped, and the rear side cylinder in the third driving mechanism 700 and the air valves 631-90S of the second cooling part 602 are operated; and so on.
Fig. 7 is a temperature-time chart showing a method for producing a high-homogeneity ingot 111 according to an embodiment of the present application. The first-order heat treatment system adopted in this example can be used to treat aluminum alloys with simple components. The heating temperature adopted in the first-stage heat treatment system is T 1 The holding time is t 1 The cooling pressure of the gas adopted in the cooling system is P, and the cooling frequency of the gas is H.
Wherein a heating temperature T is set 1 For homogenizing the temperature of the material, different temperature parameters can be set according to different grades of materials, and the main purpose is to eliminate eutectic phase and reduce segregation, but avoid overburning. To avoid addingThe heating rate is too fast and can be controlled by adjusting the voltage (the higher the voltage is, the higher the heating rate is), and the general heating rate v is less than or equal to 6 ℃/min.
Setting the holding time t 1 The homogenization and heat preservation time of the material is controlled mainly from the aspects of material thickness, eutectic phase dissolution, overburning and the like.
The gas cooling pressure P is set to be the pressure of gas flowing through the cast ingot 111 (controlled by the opening degree of a numerical control valve), the gas pressure is 0-10bar, and the method has the main advantages of high cooling speed, small deformation and high surface quality of the cast ingot 111.
The gas cooling frequency H is set to be the opening and closing time of the cylinder pushed by the numerical control valve and the cooling plate 610 (the two are in series connection, namely, work simultaneously) and is different from 0 to 60 seconds, and the main purpose is to uniformly and quickly cool the two ends of the cast ingot 111.
Fig. 8 is a temperature-time diagram illustrating a method for preparing a high homogeneity ingot 111 according to an embodiment of the present application. The embodiment adopts a two-stage heat treatment system, which is to add a group of heat treatment processes with higher temperature on the basis of a one-stage heat treatment system, and can be used for treating aluminum alloy with more complex components.
Wherein the heating temperature adopted in the first-stage heat treatment system is T1, the heat preservation time is T1, the heating temperature adopted in the second-stage heat treatment system is T2, the heat preservation time is T2, the gas cooling pressure adopted in the cooling system is P, and the gas cooling frequency is H.
Fig. 9 is a temperature-time curve diagram illustrating a method for producing a high homogeneity ingot 111 according to an embodiment of the present application. In this example, a three-stage heat treatment system was used, which is a set of heat treatment processes with higher temperatures added on the basis of the two-stage heat treatment system, and can be used for treating an aluminum alloy containing Zr as a component.
Wherein the heating temperature adopted in the first-stage heat treatment system is T1, the heat preservation time is T1, the heating temperature adopted in the second-stage heat treatment system is T2, the heat preservation time is T2, the heating temperature adopted in the third-stage heat treatment system is T3, the heat preservation time is T3, the cooling pressure of gas adopted in the cooling system is P, and the cooling frequency of the gas is H.
The applicant conducted tests on the method for producing the high-homogeneity ingot 111 shown in fig. 6 and 9. The specific operation process is as follows.
Preheating a nozzle 13 by using a flame gun, and then pouring molten aluminum for 3D printing; after printing, the heating members 400 and the thermal insulating sealing members 200 on the left and right sides of the printing platform 11 move towards the center of the printing platform 11 at the same time until the position is limited and stopped. The locking device on the heating plate fastens the heating plate and the sealing heat insulation plate together to form a sealed processing space.
Setting a first-stage homogenization heating temperature T1 and heat preservation time T1 on the main control 900; setting a second-stage homogenizing heating temperature T2 and heat preservation time T2; finally, setting a third-stage homogenization heating temperature T3 and heat preservation time T3; the numerical control valve gas flow P (gas pressure), the third driving mechanism 700 and the gas valve 631 opening and closing frequency H are set. The homogenization process is started after the setting is finished.
After the homogenization process is completed, the locking mechanism 800 of the heating member 400 is closed, the heating member 400 and the thermal insulating sealing member 200 are not clamped, and the heating member 400 and the thermal insulating sealing member 200 on the left and right sides of the printing platform 11 are simultaneously returned to their original positions. The third driving mechanism 700 and the cooling member 600 at the front and rear ends of the printing platform 11 start to perform a circulation operation at a set frequency to air-cool the ingot 111.
After ingot 111 cools to room temperature, air valve 631 is closed and cooling element 600 returns to its original position. By the method, the 7050 aluminum alloy 3D printing ingot with uniform components, low precipitation and high solid solution is successfully obtained.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. A casting apparatus, comprising:
a printing platform;
the moving device is connected with the printing platform and used for driving the printing platform to move;
the crucible is provided with a nozzle and a switch device for controlling the opening and closing of the nozzle;
a homogenizing device disposed between the printing platform and the nozzle;
the homogenization treatment device includes:
each sealing heat insulation piece comprises a first side plate, a top plate and a second side plate which are sequentially connected, the first side plate and the second side plate are arranged on the same side of the top plate, and the first side plate and the second side plate are oppositely arranged;
the first driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the sealing and heat insulating piece and is used for driving the sealing and heat insulating piece to move;
at least two heating elements, wherein each heating element is positioned between the first side plate and the second side plate, and each two heating elements are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the top plate;
the second driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the heating parts and is used for driving each two opposite heating parts to approach or move away;
at least two cooling pieces, wherein each two cooling pieces are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the top plate; and
the third driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the cooling pieces and is used for driving every two opposite cooling pieces to approach or move away; and
and the main control machine is connected with the homogenization treatment device and the switch device.
2. The casting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
and the limiting device is arranged on the printing platform, the heating element and the sealed heat insulation element and used for limiting the movement of the heating element and the sealed heat insulation element.
3. The casting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the homogenizing device further comprises:
and the locking mechanism is arranged on the heating element and/or the sealed heat insulation element and is used for locking the heating element and the sealed heat insulation element.
4. The casting apparatus of claim 1, wherein each cooling element comprises:
a cooling plate provided with a plurality of air holes;
the main air pipe is connected with a plurality of branch air pipes, and each branch air pipe is respectively connected with an air hole;
the gas supply mechanism is connected with the main gas pipe;
the air valve is arranged on the main air pipe; and
the pressure measuring element is arranged on the main air pipe;
wherein any one of the cooling member and the heating member are disposed to intersect.
5. The casting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the heating elements includes:
a first guide plate;
the heater is arranged on the first guide plate; and
and the temperature measuring element is arranged on the first guide plate.
6. The casting apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein each of the heating elements further comprises:
the second guide plate is connected with the first guide plate and arranged in an intersecting mode, and the second guide plate is used for being attached to the top plate to form sealing.
7. The casting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the homogenizing device further comprises:
and the main control is connected with the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism, the third driving mechanism, the heating element and the cooling element.
8. A method for producing a high-homogeneity ingot, characterized by using the casting apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
opening the nozzle to obtain an initial cast ingot formed on the printing platform;
moving the heating element and the sealing and insulating element by the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism such that the printing platform, the heating element, and the sealing and insulating element form a processing space surrounding the initial ingot;
controlling the heating element to heat the processing space, and enabling the processing space to be in a first preset environment;
repositioning the heating element and the sealing and insulating element by the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism;
and moving the cooling part through the third driving mechanism, and controlling the cooling part to cool the initial ingot to obtain a final ingot.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the two cooling members are a first cooling member and a second cooling member, and the moving the cooling members by the third driving mechanism and the controlling the cooling members to cool the initial ingot to obtain the final ingot comprises:
moving the first cooling part to the printing platform through the third driving mechanism, and controlling the first cooling part to cool the initial ingot;
resetting the first cooling member by the third drive mechanism;
moving the second cooling part to the printing platform through the third driving mechanism, and controlling the second cooling part to cool the initial ingot;
resetting the second cooling element by the second drive mechanism.
CN202111171908.5A 2021-10-08 2021-10-08 Homogenization treatment device, casting equipment and preparation method of high-homogeneity cast ingot Active CN113817910B (en)

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