CN113817365A - 一种光伏背板用耐候涂料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种光伏背板用耐候涂料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光伏背板用耐候涂料及其制备方法和应用。一种光伏背板用耐候涂料,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:含羟基的耐候树脂30‑90%、反应型助剂0.1‑5%、填料0‑60%、固化剂2‑15%,溶剂5‑40%,其中,所述反应型助剂为含有活泼反应型双键的助剂或树脂。本发明的光伏背板用耐候涂料具有良好的耐候性和粘结性能,用于太阳能光伏背板与封装胶膜接触的内层时无需电晕即可与光伏组件的封装胶膜牢固粘结,节省了工序步骤,降低了生产成本,同时避免了涂层电晕后表面能衰减的问题或漏电晕所造成的太阳能光伏背板与封装胶膜粘结性偏低的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料技术领域,涉及一种耐候涂料及其制备方法和应用,尤其涉及一种光伏背板用耐候涂料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
太阳能光伏背板在出货时均需对与封装胶膜接触层进行电晕处理,但经过电晕处理的光伏背板其存放过程中,会出现表面能降低的情况,会影响到背板与封装胶膜之间的粘结力,造成组件产品性能不良,同时现在由于白色胶膜的大批量使用,白色胶膜一般会采用预交联改善其在使用过程的翻白等不良现象,但是会造成在层压过程中封装胶膜的流动性降低,其与背板的润湿性降低,造成背板与白色封装胶膜的粘结力偏低,影响产品的性能。
现有的改善技术方案为增大背板电晕功率,提高背板的表面能。但是,经过电晕处理后的背板其表面能会随着存放时间的增加而衰减,最终造成背板与封装胶膜的粘结力偏低。
CN108410340B公开了一种黑色耐候涂料及制备方法与应用,该涂料由A、B两组分组成,所述A组分包括:基体树脂100份,黑色染料0.1-20份,硅烷偶联剂改性的填料0-40份,助剂5-10份,固化剂促进剂0.5-2份,溶剂50-150份;所述B组分包括:固化剂5-25份,溶剂5-50份。使用时,按照A组分所含羟基与B组分所含异氰酸酯基团的摩尔比为1:0.5-2之比混合搅拌,并涂覆。该发明黑色耐候涂料在红外区有30%以上的反射率,并具有良好的绝缘性、耐老化及耐UV性能,可应用于光伏背板,降低整体组件的热量吸收和温度,提高黑色组件的电池转换效率,可实现功率增益。但是此类的硅烷偶联剂的活性不够,不能参与反应,其作成的涂层需要进行电晕处理。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种光伏背板用耐候涂料及其制备方法和应用,本发明的光伏背板用耐候涂料具有良好的耐候性和粘结性能,用于太阳能光伏背板与封装胶膜接触的内层时无需电晕即可与光伏组件的封装胶膜牢固粘结,紫外耐候性好,节省了工序步骤,降低了生产成本,同时避免了涂层电晕后表面能衰减的问题或漏电晕所造成的太阳能光伏背板与封装胶膜粘结性偏低的问题。
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种光伏背板用耐候涂料,为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种光伏背板用耐候涂料,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:
其中,所述反应型助剂为含有活泼反应型双键的助剂或树脂。
本发明的光伏背板用耐候涂料,含有活泼反应型双键的助剂或树脂的加入,可在组件层压时与封装胶膜发生反应,从而与封装胶膜具有很好的粘结力,无需电晕即可与光伏组件的封装胶膜牢固粘结,节省了工序步骤,降低了生产成本,同时避免了涂层电晕后表面能衰减的问题或漏电晕所造成的太阳能光伏背板与封装胶膜粘结性偏低的问题。
具体的,一种光伏背板用耐候涂料,包括如下组分:
含羟基的耐候树脂的重量百分比为30-90%,例如为30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%或90%等。
反应型助剂的重量百分比为0.1-5%,例如为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%、0.7%、0.8%、0.9%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%或5%等。
填料的重量百分比为0-60%,例如为0、1%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%或60%等。
固化剂的重量百分比为2-15%,例如为2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%、11%、12%、13%、14%或15%等。
溶剂的重量百分比为5-40%,例如为5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%或40%等。
所述反应型助剂为含有活泼反应型双键的助剂或树脂,可以在过氧化物引发剂的引发下快速反应。
优选地,所述含有活泼反应型双键的助剂为含有乙烯基的硅烷低聚物。
优选地,含有活泼反应型双键的树脂为不饱和聚酯。
所述含羟基的耐候树脂为含羟基的氟碳树脂、含羟基的丙烯酸树脂、含羟基的脂环族聚酯树脂和环氧树脂中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物;优选为含羟基的氟碳树脂。
所述填料为有机颜料或无机填料。
其中,所述光伏背板用耐候涂料可以为白色、透明、黑色,也可以为其他的彩色颜色。
所述无机填料为二氧化钛、硫酸钡、炭黑、滑石粉、云母粉、铜铬黑、铁铬黑或二氧化硅中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物。
所述固化剂为异氰酸酯固化剂和/或氨基固化剂。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种目的之一所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)按配比将含羟基的耐候树脂、填料和溶剂混合,分散制得涂料;
2)按配比在步骤1)制得的涂料中加入反应型助剂和固化剂,混合后,得到所述光伏背板用耐候涂料。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种目的之一所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料的应用,将所述光伏背板用耐候涂料用于光伏背板与封装胶膜的粘结层,具有良好的耐候性、无需电晕即可与光伏组件的封装胶膜牢固粘结,节省了工序步骤,降低了生产成本,同时避免了涂层电晕后表面能衰减的问题或漏电晕所造成的太阳能光伏背板与封装胶膜粘结性偏低的问题。
优选地,粘结层的厚度为1-40μm,优选为2-10μm,例如为1μm、2μm、3μm、4μm、5μm、6μm、7μm、8μm、9μm、10μm、11μm、12μm、13μm、14μm、15μm、16μm、17μm、18μm、19μm、20μm、21μm、22μm、23μm、24μm、25μm、26μm、27μm、28μm、29μm、30μm、31μm、32μm、33μm、34μm、35μm、36μm、37μm、38μm、39μm或40μm等。
本发明的目的之四在于提供一种采用目的之一所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料制备得到的光伏背板。
本发明的目的之五在于提供一种目的之四所述的光伏背板的制备方法,将光伏背板用耐候涂料涂布在基材上,经烘干、熟化,得到所述光伏背板。
优选地,所述烘干的温度为100-170℃,例如为100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃、140℃、150℃、160℃、170℃等;时间为20s-300s,例如为20s、30s、40s、50s、60s、70s、80s、90s、100s、110s、120s、130s、140s、150s、160s或170s等。
优选地,所述熟化的温度为30-90℃,例如为30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃或90℃等;时间为12-120h,例如为12h、24h、30h、36h、40h、48h、50h、60h、70h、72h、80h、84h、96h、100h、108h、190h或120h等。
优选地,所述基材经电晕处理,可以改善涂层与基材之间的粘结力。基材可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯中的一种,优选为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的光伏背板用耐候涂料具有良好的耐候性和粘结性能,用于太阳能光伏背板与封装胶膜接触的内层时无需电晕即可与光伏组件的封装胶膜牢固粘结,紫外耐候性好,节省了工序步骤,降低了生产成本,同时避免了涂层电晕后表面能衰减的问题或漏电晕所造成的太阳能光伏背板与封装胶膜粘结性偏低的问题。具体的,紫外耐候性△b为0.1-0.7,未电晕处理背板与透明EVA的剥离力为104-131N/cm,未电晕处理背板与白色EVA的剥离力为98-113N/cm,均满足太阳能光伏背板用标准。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
如无具体说明,本发明的各种原料均可市售购得,或根据本领域的常规方法制备得到。
实施例1
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)按上述配比将含羟基的耐候树脂、填料和溶剂混合,分散制得涂料;
2)按上述配比在步骤1)制得的涂料中加入反应型助剂和固化剂,混合后得到光伏背板用耐候涂料。
将上述制得的光伏背板用耐候涂料涂布在经电晕处理的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜(四川东材,型号:DS10,厚度:250μm)上,经160℃烘干-1min、70℃熟化-48h,得到光伏背板,制得的耐候涂料层的厚度为4μm。
实施例2
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料的制备方法如实施例1,耐候涂料层的厚度为4μm。
实施例3
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料的制备方法如实施例1,耐候涂料层的厚度为4μm。
实施例4
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料的制备方法如实施例1,耐候涂料层的厚度为4μm。
实施例5
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料的制备方法如实施例1,耐候涂料层的厚度为4μm。
实施例6
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:
本实施例的光伏背板用耐候涂料的制备方法如实施例1,耐候涂料层的厚度为4μm。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例1的区别之处在于,树脂替换为济南华菱化工HLR-2H,其他的与实施例1的均相同。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1的区别之处在于,未加反应型助剂,减少的反应型助剂的量增加至溶剂中,其他的与实施例1的均相同。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例1的区别之处在于,反应型助剂的重量百分比为6%,增加的反应型助剂的量从溶剂中除,其他的与实施例1的均相同。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例1的区别之处在于,反应型助剂替换为γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570),其他的与实施例1的均相同。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例1的区别之处在于,反应型助剂替换为乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(A171),其他的与实施例1的均相同。
对比例5
本对比例为常规的涂料,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:
本对比例的光伏背板用耐候涂料的制备方法如实施例1,耐候涂料层的厚度为4μm。
将实施例1-7与对比例1-5制得的涂料进行性能测试,测试结果如表1所示。
其中,剥离力的测试标准参照GB/T 31034-2014晶体硅太阳电池组件用绝缘背板进行,透明EVA采用杭州福斯特应用材料股份有限公司F406S&F806,白色EVA采用上海海优威新材料股份有限公司S201W,紫外耐候性的测试参照GB/T 31034-2014晶体硅太阳电池组件用绝缘背板标准进行。
表1
由表1可以看出,本发明的光伏背板用耐候涂料具有良好的耐候性和粘结性能,用于太阳能光伏背板与封装胶膜接触的内层时无需电晕即可与光伏组件的封装胶膜牢固粘结,紫外耐候性好,节省了工序步骤,降低了生产成本,同时避免了涂层电晕后表面能衰减的问题或漏电晕所造成的太阳能光伏背板与封装胶膜粘结性偏低的问题。具体的,紫外耐候性△b为0.1-0.7,未电晕处理背板与透明EVA的剥离力为104-131N/cm,未电晕处理背板与白色EVA的剥离力为98-113N/cm,均满足太阳能光伏背板用标准。
对比例1未加反应型助剂,所制备涂层不经过电晕处理其与EVA胶膜之间的剥离力偏低,不合格。
对比例2反应型助剂的用量太多,所制备涂层不经过电晕处理其与EVA胶膜之间的剥离力会较低含量剥离力增加较多,但测试中存在漆膜与基材有脱层不良。
对比例3的反应型助剂替换为不含双键的助剂,所制备涂层不经过电晕处理其与EVA胶膜之间的剥离力偏低,不合格。
对比例4的反应型助剂替换为含双键但是不活泼的助剂,所制备涂层不经过电晕处理其与EVA胶膜之间的剥离力偏低,不合格。
对比例5为常规的涂料,不经电晕处理其与EVA胶膜之间的剥离力偏低,不合格。
本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细工艺设备和工艺流程,但本发明并不局限于上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料,其特征在于,所述含有活泼反应型双键的助剂为含有乙烯基的硅烷低聚物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料,其特征在于,含有活泼反应型双键的树脂为不饱和聚酯。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料,其特征在于,所述含羟基的耐候树脂为含羟基的氟碳树脂、含羟基的丙烯酸树脂、含羟基的脂环族聚酯树脂和环氧树脂中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物;优选为含羟基的氟碳树脂。
5.根据权利要求1-4之一所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料,其特征在于,所述填料为有机颜料或无机填料;
优选地,所述无机填料为二氧化钛、硫酸钡、炭黑、滑石粉、云母粉、铜铬黑、铁铬黑或二氧化硅中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1-5之一所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料,其特征在于,所述固化剂为异氰酸酯固化剂和/或氨基类固化剂。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)按配比将含羟基的耐候树脂、填料和溶剂混合,分散制得涂料;
2)按配比在步骤1)制得的涂料中加入反应型助剂和固化剂,混合后得到所述光伏背板用耐候涂料。
8.一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料的应用,其特征在于,将所述光伏背板用耐候涂料用于光伏背板与封装胶膜的粘结层。
9.一种采用如权利要求1-6任一项所述的光伏背板用耐候涂料制备得到的光伏背板。
10.一种如权利要求9所述的光伏背板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:将光伏背板用耐候涂料涂布在基材上,经烘干、熟化,得到所述光伏背板;
优选地,所述烘干的温度为100-170℃,时间为20s-300s;
优选地,所述熟化的温度为30-90℃,时间为12-120h;
优选地,所述基材经电晕处理。
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