CN113816723A - Solid waste base binding agent for sintered water permeable brick and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solid waste base binding agent for sintered water permeable brick and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a solid waste base binding agent for sintering water-permeable bricks and a preparation method thereof. The solid waste base binding agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 7-20% CaO and Al2O310‑18％、SiO250‑62％、MgO2‑6％、K2O1‑5.5％、Na2O1‑4％、Fe2O30.5‑4.0％、B2O30-4% of ReO 0-0.5%. The obtained solid waste type bonding agent is further prepared into a water permeable brick, the performance of the obtained water permeable brick is good, the water permeability coefficient is more than or equal to 0.01cm/s, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 30MPa, the flexural strength is more than or equal to 4MPa,the mass loss rate after 25 times of freeze-thaw cycles is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the compressive strength loss rate is less than or equal to 20 percent. The porosity, the pore diameter and the strength of the sintered water permeable brick are effectively regulated, the production cost is reduced, the waste is effectively utilized, the production cost is greatly saved, and the economic and environmental benefits are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature binders, and particularly relates to a solid waste base binder for sintered water permeable bricks and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The sintered water-permeable brick is a road pavement material with water permeability and meeting the standard, which is prepared by a series of procedures of crushing, screening, proportioning, mixing, molding, demolding, high-temperature firing and the like of raw materials of the water-permeable brick. The sintered water permeable brick can be prepared from various types of solid wastes, most harmful substances can be removed under the condition of high-temperature calcination, the pollution to the environment is reduced, and heavy metal ions can be solidified in the water permeable brick to prevent the water permeable brick from flowing into soil and urban underground water. The sintered water permeable brick prepared from the industrial waste residues has the advantages that the production period of the water permeable brick is short, the raw material source of solid wastes is wide, the pollution of the solid wastes to the environment can be reduced, the problem that a large amount of solid wastes waste land resources during stacking is solved, and the economic benefit and the environmental benefit are improved. The high apparent porosity and proper aperture are the key points of the sintered water permeable brick with high water permeability. However, the strength of the sintered porous brick is greatly reduced due to the increase of the apparent porosity, so that the application of the sintered porous brick is limited. Therefore, the key point of the product is that the proper bonding agent is used for improving the mechanical property of the sintered water permeable brick without reducing the water permeability of the water permeable brick.
The existing bonding agent for preparing the sintered water permeable brick is prepared by using natural mineral raw materials and chemical raw materials, and for preparing the sintered water permeable brick by using solid wastes, the cost of the bonding agent is high, and a series of environmental problems are caused by the need of mining and chemical raw material production. Therefore, the development of a novel solid waste base binding agent for sintering water permeable bricks, which has lower cost and good environmental protection benefit, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a solid waste base binding agent for a sintered water permeable brick and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the solid waste base binding agent for the sintered water permeable brick comprises the following components in percentage by weight: CaO 7-20%, Al2O310-18％、SiO2 50-62％、MgO 2-6％、K2O 1-5.5％、Na2O 1-4％、Fe2O3 0.5-4.0％、B2O30-4％、ReO 0-0.5％。
Comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 42-47% of blast furnace slag, 28-32% of bentonite, 18-22% of feldspar and 4-8% of waste glass.
Comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-47% of gold tailings, 10-15% of bentonite, 20-22% of feldspar, 8-12% of coal gangue and 13-18% of blast furnace slag.
Comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 51-54% of fly ash, 20-23% of blast furnace slag, 12-17% of bentonite, 5-10% of waste glass, 2-8% of borax and 3-8% of feldspar.
The preparation method of the solid waste base binding agent comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
(2) adding the raw materials into a ball mill for homogenization, adding water with the raw material amount of 50-70% (wt%) after fully mixing, carrying out ball milling for 6-8h, then standing for 3-4h, and pouring out the water;
(3) drying the homogenized raw materials at 90-105 ℃, ball-milling for 0.5-1.5h, and sieving to obtain the final product.
The particle size of the binding agent is 45-90 μm.
The method for preparing the water permeable brick by using the solid waste base binding agent comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the gold ore waste stone or the waste ceramic or the waste refractory material into two granular materials with the grain size of 1mm < the grain size of 1-3 mm and the grain size of 2-1 mm, wherein the two granular materials are prepared according to the following steps of (8): 2, mixing for later use;
(2) adding a solid waste base binding agent accounting for 10% of the weight of the granules and water accounting for 5-10% of the weight of the granules into the granules obtained in the step (1), and mixing the materials in a mixer for 3-5min to uniformly mix the raw materials;
(3) weighing the mixture according to the size of the prepared green brick, putting the mixture into a mould, and applying pressure of 10-30MPa for compression molding to prepare a green brick;
(4) taking out the green brick blank, putting the green brick blank into a drying kiln, and preserving heat for 24 hours at the temperature of 110 ℃ to remove water in the green brick blank;
(5) and (4) putting the dried green brick blank into a tunnel kiln for firing to obtain the brick.
The firing specific process comprises the following steps: (1) pre-sintering: heating the green brick blank from normal temperature to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h after the temperature is increased to 850 ℃; (2) and (3) sintering: heating the temperature from 850 ℃ to 1120-1170 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 4h after the temperature is between 1120-1170 ℃; (3) annealing: reducing the temperature to 200 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min, and taking out of the kiln to obtain the product.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the solid waste blast furnace slag, gold tailings, fly ash, coal gangue, waste glass and the like as main raw materials to prepare the solid waste type binding agent, and further obtains the water permeable brick, thereby realizing the effective regulation and control of the porosity, the aperture and the strength of the sintered water permeable brick and reducing the production cost.
2. The raw materials of the invention adopted, such as blast furnace slag, gold tailings, fly ash, waste glass and the like, contain CaO, MgO alkaline earth metal oxide and Fe2O3The method has the characteristics of increasing the fluidity of the sintering liquid phase and the bonding strength of the sintered body, and is beneficial to the improvement of the performance of the sintering aid; the blast furnace slag contains a small amount of rare earth (ReO), which can reduce the melting point of the bonding agent and promote sintering.
3. The solid waste raw material of the invention contains a certain amount of Na2O、K2Alkali metal oxides such as O, especially Na in feldspar and waste glass2O、K2The content of alkali metal oxide such as O is high, and a certain content of Na2O、K2O can reduce the temperature of liquid phase, the liquid phase can be generated at a lower temperature, particle rearrangement and mass transfer processes are promoted, solid-liquid reaction at the low temperature is promoted to form low-temperature sintering, the effect of reducing the sintering temperature is achieved, and the solid waste type bonding agent can reduce the sintering temperature by 30-50 ℃.
4. The solid waste type bonding agent obtained by the invention is further used for preparing the water permeable brick, the performance of the obtained water permeable brick is good, the water permeability coefficient is more than or equal to 0.01cm/s, and the compressive strength is more than or equal to 30 MPa; the breaking strength is more than or equal to 4 MPa; the mass loss rate after 25 times of freeze-thaw cycles is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the compressive strength loss rate is less than or equal to 20 percent.
5. The invention uses solid wastes as main raw materials to prepare the bonding agent, fully homogenizes in advance to stabilize the composition and performance as much as possible, has simple preparation process and convenient use, can reduce the consumption of mineral raw materials and chemical raw materials, and can replace fluxing agent, plasticizer and bonding agent.
6. The invention mainly utilizes solid waste to prepare the bonding agent for the sintered water permeable brick, realizes the effective utilization of the waste, saves energy and protects environment, greatly saves the production cost and improves the economic and environmental benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microscopic topography of the water permeable brick obtained in example 4 of the present invention, magnified 30 times under a scanning electron microscope.
In the figure, Pa is a dot mark, and Pb is an angle of rotation at the time of measurement. As can be seen in the figure, the interior of the sample presents porous appearances with different sizes and disordered distribution, the pore diameters are distributed in large, medium and small sizes, the maximum pore diameter is 828.6 mu m, the large pore diameter is less, the pore diameters of about 60 mu m and 100 mu m are relatively more, and a communicated pore structure is formed in partial areas, so that the sample has good water permeability.
FIG. 2 is a sample topography diagram of the water permeable brick obtained in example 4 of the present invention in a hole form under CT.
In the figure, the three pictures a, b and c are CT pictures of the same sample; a. comprises a through hole and a closed hole; b. a through hole; c. closed cells. As can be seen from the figure, the proportion of the sample through holes is large, and the analysis of CT detection data shows that the through holes account for 20.99% of the total volume, and the closed holes account for 0.62% of the total volume, which indicates that the material shows good water permeability.
FIG. 3 is a microscopic topography of the water permeable brick obtained in example 4 of the present invention, which is enlarged 1000 times under a scanning electron microscope.
As can be seen in the figure, the columnar crystals in the sample are interwoven to play a skeleton role and improve the strength of the product; the liquid phase distributed among the crystal grains leads the crystal grains to be adhered, the bonding capability of the crystal grains is improved, the product generates higher strength, and simultaneously, the liquid phase flow can generate a pore structure. The bonding agent is crucial to the control of liquid phase quantity, the control of pore structure, the bonding of aggregate and matrix and the crystal growth, the bonding agent is melted at a certain temperature and bonded with a framework material, so that the product has higher strength, and simultaneously, a large number of three-dimensionally communicated holes are generated by the holes of waste residues and the accumulation of aggregate, which is the key for solving the contradiction between good strength and water permeability.
FIG. 4 is an EDS analysis (X-ray energy spectrum analysis) of the water permeable brick obtained in example 4 of the present invention.
In the figure, the graph b is the energy spectrum analysis of the white bright point of the graph a. Micro-area analysis shows that rare earth elements exist in the material, and a small amount of rare earth in the blast furnace slag can reduce the melting point of the bonding agent and promote sintering.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention in detail.
The contents of the main components of the respective raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 composition of main ingredients of raw materials (wt%)
| Composition of raw materials | CaO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | MgO | Na2O | K2O | Fe2O3 | ReO |
| Blast furnace slag | 39.14 | 12.70 | 35.45 | 9.14 | 0.71 | 0.44 | 1.05 | 0.82 |
| Fly ash | 9.22 | 24.41 | 54.55 | 2.23 | 1.01 | 1.14 | 5.28 | - |
| Gold tailings | 3.66 | 9.56 | 69.1 | 1.38 | 1.00 | 4.38 | 6.50 | - |
| Feldspar | 0.29 | 18.19 | 65.62 | 0.92 | 2.04 | 12.81 | 0.09 | - |
| Bentonite clay | 1.98 | 14.00 | 69.31 | 2.69 | 1.59 | 1.94 | 2.71 | - |
| Waste glass | 8.20 | - | 71.56 | 4.00 | 14.38 | 0.24 | 0.10 | - |
| Coal gangue | 0.26 | 25.67 | 48.20 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.49 | - |
| Waste ceramics | 1.16 | 18.70 | 74.30 | 0.71 | 1.16 | 2.86 | 0.62 | - |
| Gold ore waste rock | 3.92 | 13.65 | 59.49 | 2.92 | 2.07 | 2.90 | - | - |
| Waste refractory material | 1.00 | 41.20 | 55.14 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 1.20 | - |
Example 1
The solid waste base binding agent for the sintered water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45% of blast furnace slag, 30% of bentonite, 20% of feldspar and 5% of waste glass.
The preparation method of the solid waste base binding agent comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion relation of the raw materials;
(2) adding the raw materials into a ball mill for homogenization, adding 65 percent (wt percent) of water into the mixture after the raw materials are fully mixed, carrying out ball milling for 6 hours, standing for 4 hours, and pouring out the water;
(3) drying the ball-milled raw materials at 100 ℃, and then carrying out ball milling and sieving for 0.5h to obtain the bonding agent with the particle size of 45-90 mu m.
Example 2
The solid waste base binding agent for the sintered water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 42% of gold tailings, 12% of bentonite, 21% of feldspar, 10% of coal gangue and 15% of blast furnace slag.
The preparation method of the solid waste base binding agent comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion relation of the raw materials;
(2) adding the raw materials into a ball mill for homogenization, adding water accounting for 60 percent (wt percent) of the raw materials after fully mixing, carrying out ball milling for 7 hours, standing for 3 hours, and pouring out the water;
(3) drying the ball-milled raw materials at 90 ℃, and then carrying out ball milling and sieving for 1.5h to obtain the bonding agent with the particle size of 45-90 mu m.
Example 3
The solid waste base binding agent for the sintered water permeable brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 52 percent of fly ash, 21 percent of blast furnace slag, 14 percent of bentonite, 7 percent of waste glass, 3 percent of borax and 3 percent of feldspar.
The preparation method of the solid waste base binding agent comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials;
(2) adding the raw materials into a ball mill for homogenization, adding water with the raw material amount of 55 percent (wt%) after fully mixing, carrying out ball milling for 8 hours, standing for 4 hours, and pouring out the water;
(3) drying the ball-milled raw materials at 105 ℃, and then carrying out ball milling for 1h and sieving to obtain the bonding agent with the particle size of 45-90 mu m.
Example 4
A preparation method of the water permeable brick comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the gold ore waste rocks into granules with the particle size of 1mm < 3mm and the particle size of 2 < 1mm, and mixing the two granules according to the weight ratio of 8:2 for later use;
(2) adding a solid waste base binding agent (obtained in example 1) accounting for 10% of the weight of the granules into the granules obtained in the step (1) and water accounting for 8% of the weight of the granules, and mixing the materials in a mixer for 5min to uniformly mix the raw materials;
(3) weighing the mixture according to the size of the prepared green brick, putting the mixture into a mould, and applying pressure of 30MPa for compression molding to prepare a green brick;
(4) taking out the green brick blank, putting the green brick blank into a drying kiln, and preserving heat for 24 hours at the temperature of 110 ℃ to remove water in the green brick blank;
(5) and (4) putting the dried green brick blank into a tunnel kiln for firing to obtain the brick.
The firing process comprises the following steps: (1) pre-sintering: heating the green brick blank from normal temperature to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h after the temperature is increased to 850 ℃; (2) and (3) sintering: heating the temperature from 850 ℃ to 1120 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 4h after the temperature is increased to 1120 ℃; (3) annealing: reducing the temperature to 200 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min, and taking out of the kiln to obtain the product.
The water permeability coefficient of the obtained water permeable brick is 0.04cm/s, and the compressive strength is 72 MPa; the breaking strength is 4.5 MPa; the mass loss rate after 25 times of freeze-thaw cycles is 3.5 percent, and the compressive strength loss rate is 12 percent.
Example 5
A preparation method of the water permeable brick comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the waste ceramics into granules with the grain size of 1mm < 3mm and the grain size of 2 < 1mm, and mixing the two granules according to the weight ratio of 8:2 for later use;
(2) adding a solid waste base binding agent (obtained in example 2) accounting for 10% of the weight of the granules into the granules obtained in the step (1) and water accounting for 7% of the weight of the granules, and mixing the materials in a mixer for 5min to uniformly mix the raw materials;
(3) weighing the mixture according to the size of the prepared green brick, putting the mixture into a mould, and applying pressure of 30MPa for compression molding to prepare a green brick;
(4) taking out the green brick blank, putting the green brick blank into a drying kiln, and preserving heat for 24 hours at the temperature of 110 ℃ to remove water in the green brick blank;
(5) and (4) putting the dried green brick blank into a tunnel kiln for firing to obtain the brick.
The firing process comprises the following specific steps: (1) pre-sintering: heating the green brick blank from normal temperature to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h after the temperature is increased to 850 ℃; (2) and (3) sintering: heating the temperature from 850 ℃ to 1140 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 4h after the temperature is between 850 ℃ and 1140 ℃; (3) annealing: reducing the temperature to 200 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min, and taking out of the kiln to obtain the product.
The water permeability coefficient of the obtained water permeable brick is 0.03cm/s, and the compressive strength is 81 MPa; the breaking strength is 6.2 MPa; the mass loss rate after 25 times of freeze-thaw cycles is 2.3 percent, and the compressive strength loss rate is 10 percent.
Example 6
A preparation method of the water permeable brick comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the waste refractory material into granules with the particle size of 1mm < 3mm and the particle size of 2 < 1mm, and mixing the two granules according to the weight ratio of 8:2 for later use;
(2) adding a solid waste base binding agent (obtained in example 3) accounting for 10% of the weight of the granules into the granules obtained in the step (1) and water accounting for 8% of the weight of the granules, and mixing the materials in a mixer for 5min to uniformly mix the raw materials;
(3) weighing the mixture according to the size of the prepared green brick, putting the mixture into a mould, and applying pressure of 30MPa for compression molding to prepare a green brick;
(4) taking out the green brick blank, putting the green brick blank into a drying kiln, and preserving heat for 24 hours at the temperature of 110 ℃ to remove water in the green brick blank;
(5) and (4) putting the dried green brick blank into a tunnel kiln for firing to obtain the brick.
The firing process comprises the following specific steps: (1) pre-sintering: heating the green brick blank from normal temperature to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h after the temperature is increased to 850 ℃; (2) and (3) sintering: heating the temperature from 850 ℃ to 1170 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 4h after the temperature is lowered to 1170 ℃; (3) annealing: reducing the temperature to 200 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min, and taking out of the kiln to obtain the product.
The water permeability coefficient of the obtained water permeable brick is 0.03cm/s, and the compressive strength is 52 MPa; the breaking strength is 4.2 MPa; the mass loss rate after 25 times of freeze-thaw cycles is 2.5 percent, and the compressive strength loss rate is 11 percent.
Claims (8)
1. The solid waste base binding agent for the sintered water permeable brick is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: CaO 7-20%, Al2O3 10-18％、SiO2 50-62％、MgO 2-6％、K2O 1-5.5％、Na2O 1-4％、Fe2O3 0.5-4.0％、B2O3 0-4％、ReO 0-0.5％。
2. The solid waste based binding agent of claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in weight percent: 42-47% of blast furnace slag, 28-32% of bentonite, 18-22% of feldspar and 4-8% of waste glass.
3. The solid waste based binding agent of claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in weight percent: 40-47% of gold tailings, 10-15% of bentonite, 20-22% of feldspar, 8-12% of coal gangue and 13-18% of blast furnace slag.
4. The solid waste based binding agent of claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in weight percent: 51-54% of fly ash, 20-23% of blast furnace slag, 12-17% of bentonite, 5-10% of waste glass, 2-8% of borax and 3-8% of feldspar.
5. The method for preparing the solid waste based binder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
(2) adding the raw materials into a ball mill for homogenization, adding water with the raw material amount of 50-70% (wt%) after fully mixing, carrying out ball milling for 6-8h, then standing for 3-4h, and pouring out the water;
(3) drying the homogenized raw materials at 90-105 ℃, ball-milling for 0.5-1.5h, and sieving to obtain the final product.
6. The method for preparing the solid waste based binder as claimed in claim 5, wherein the particle size of the binder is 45-90 μm.
7. A method for preparing a water permeable brick by using the solid waste base binding agent as defined in claim 5, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the gold ore waste stone or the waste ceramic or the waste refractory material into two granular materials with the grain size of 1mm < the grain size of 1-3 mm and the grain size of 2-1 mm, wherein the two granular materials are prepared according to the following steps of (8): 2, mixing for later use;
(2) adding a solid waste base binding agent accounting for 10% of the weight of the granules and water accounting for 5-10% of the weight of the granules into the granules obtained in the step (1), and mixing the materials in a mixer for 3-5min to uniformly mix the raw materials;
(3) weighing the mixture according to the size of the prepared green brick, putting the mixture into a mould, and applying pressure of 10-30MPa for compression molding to prepare a green brick;
(4) taking out the green brick blank, putting the green brick blank into a drying kiln, and preserving heat for 24 hours at the temperature of 110 ℃ to remove water in the green brick blank;
(5) and (4) putting the dried green brick blank into a tunnel kiln for firing to obtain the brick.
8. The method for preparing the water permeable brick according to claim 7, wherein the firing process comprises the following steps: (1) pre-sintering: heating the green brick blank from normal temperature to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h after the temperature is increased to 850 ℃; (2) and (3) sintering: heating the temperature from 850 ℃ to 1120-1170 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 4h after the temperature is between 1120-1170 ℃; (3) annealing: reducing the temperature to 200 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min, and taking out of the kiln to obtain the product.
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