CN113814796B - Ultra-precision machining system - Google Patents
Ultra-precision machining system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113814796B CN113814796B CN202111199220.8A CN202111199220A CN113814796B CN 113814796 B CN113814796 B CN 113814796B CN 202111199220 A CN202111199220 A CN 202111199220A CN 113814796 B CN113814796 B CN 113814796B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
- B23Q17/0957—Detection of tool breakage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/20—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2452—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces
- B23Q17/2457—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces of tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2452—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces
- B23Q17/2471—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces of workpieces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-precision machining system, which belongs to the technical field of precision machining and comprises the following components: the ultraprecise processing machine tool comprises a processing platform for bearing a workpiece to be processed, a supporting arm fixedly arranged on the processing platform and a moving arm arranged on the processing platform in a sliding manner, wherein the supporting arm is provided with a rotating shaft rotationally connected with the supporting arm, and the moving arm is provided with a processing cutter capable of moving relatively; the rotating shaft displacement monitoring module is arranged above the rotating shaft; the cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module is arranged corresponding to the machining cutter; the workpiece detection module is arranged corresponding to the machined workpiece; and the control module is electrically connected with the rotating shaft displacement monitoring module, the cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module and the workpiece detection module. The invention can detect the abrasion condition of the cutting edge of the processing cutter while monitoring the change of the central position of the rotating shaft, and controls the ultra-precision processing machine tool to adjust the processing parameters by combining the processing condition of the processed workpiece so as to meet the processing requirement of the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precision machining, and particularly relates to an ultra-precision machining system.
Background
The precision of ultra-precision machining is improved by more than one order of magnitude compared with the traditional precision machining, but the ultra-precision machining has special requirements on conditions such as workpiece materials, machining equipment, tooling clamps, measurement and environment, and the like, and the precision machine, the precision measurement and the precision control need to be comprehensively applied.
In the existing ultra-precision machining system, due to the fact that a rotating shaft for fixing a workpiece to be machined works for a long time and the influence of factors such as the weight and the temperature of the workpiece to be machined, the rotating shaft slightly deforms, the center position of the rotating shaft deviates, and small deviation occurs in the machining process.
In addition, in the metal ultra-precision machining process, the cutting edge of the machining tool bears larger mechanical pressure and cutting temperature, and is dissolved with the material of a machined part in the cutting process, so that the tool is subjected to microscopic abrasion, but the microscopic abrasion of the tool is difficult to be perceived by naked eyes, and the machining quality of the workpiece is directly influenced.
Therefore, there is a need for an ultra-precision machining system capable of detecting the wear of the cutting edge of the machining tool while monitoring the change in the center position of the rotating shaft.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-precision machining system which can monitor the change of the central position of a rotating shaft and detect the abrasion condition of a cutting edge of a machining tool at the same time, and adopts the following technical scheme:
an ultra-precision machining system for performing ultra-precision machining on a workpiece to be machined, the ultra-precision machining system comprising:
the ultra-precision machining tool comprises a machining platform for bearing the workpiece to be machined, a supporting arm fixedly arranged on the machining platform and a moving arm arranged on the machining platform in a sliding manner, wherein the supporting arm is provided with a rotating shaft rotationally connected with the supporting arm, and the moving arm is provided with a machining cutter capable of moving relatively;
a rotating shaft displacement monitoring module disposed above the rotating shaft for monitoring axial deflection of the rotating shaft;
the tool cutting edge abrasion detection module is arranged corresponding to the machining tool and is used for detecting the abrasion condition of the cutting edge of the machining tool;
the workpiece detection module is arranged corresponding to the machined workpiece and used for detecting the machining precision of the workpiece, wherein the machining precision comprises size, shape, position precision and roughness;
control module, control module with rotation axis displacement monitoring module cutter cutting edge wearing and tearing detection module work piece detection module electricity is connected, and according to rotation axis displacement monitoring module cutter cutting edge wearing and tearing detection module the monitoring of work piece detection module or the data of detecting send control command extremely ultraprecise machine tool adjustment processing parameter is in order to satisfy the ultraprecise machining requirement of work piece.
Furthermore, one end of the rotating shaft is in driving and rotating connection with the supporting arm, and the other end of the rotating shaft points to the moving arm, wherein a fixing device is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft, which points to the moving arm, and used for fixing a workpiece to be processed; the movable arm is provided with an adjusting block capable of sliding up and down, and the machining tool is fixedly connected to the adjusting block and makes position adjustment along with the adjusting block.
Furthermore, the rotating shaft displacement monitoring module comprises a suspension arm arranged in parallel with the rotating shaft, a monitoring signal sending end and a monitoring signal receiving end, wherein the monitoring signal sending end and the monitoring signal receiving end are arranged on the suspension arm, one end of the suspension arm is fixedly connected with the supporting arm, and the other end of the suspension arm is a free end; monitoring signal send out the end and the monitoring signal receiving terminal all moves towards one side setting of rotation axis, the transmission direction of monitoring signal send out the end with the central axis contained angle of rotation axis sets up, the monitoring signal receiving terminal is located monitoring signal's reflection route.
Furthermore, the monitoring signal transmitting end is a laser transmitting device, so as to transmit a laser signal to the surface of the rotating shaft as a monitoring signal, and the monitoring signal receiving end is a light sensing device, so as to sense the laser which is transmitted by the monitoring signal transmitting end and reflected by the surface of the rotating shaft.
Further, the cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module comprises a motion platform, a microscope tube, a microscope objective, a coaxial point light source and a CCD camera, wherein the motion platform is arranged on the moving arm in a sliding mode, the microscope tube is arranged on the motion platform through a tube clamp, the microscope objective is arranged at one end of the microscope tube, and the CCD camera is arranged at the other end of the microscope tube; the coaxial point light source is arranged on the motion platform; the coaxial point light source is arranged corresponding to the microscope tube.
Furthermore, the coaxial point light source adjusts light intensity through a light source controller located in the control module, and the light source wavelength is a visible light wave band.
Further, the workpiece detection module includes:
the CCD image sensor is arranged above the processing platform; the CCD image sensor is electrically connected with the control module and is used for detecting the shape, the position precision and the roughness of a machined workpiece;
and the laser ranging sensor is arranged corresponding to the processing workpiece and used for detecting the size of the processing workpiece.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides an ultra-precision machining system which can detect the change of the central position of a rotating shaft, detect the abrasion condition of a cutting edge of a machining tool, and control an ultra-precision machining tool to adjust machining parameters by combining the machining condition of a machined workpiece so as to meet the requirement of ultra-precision machining of the workpiece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ultra-precision machining system
Wherein, 1, processing the platform; 2. a machine tool control box; 3. a support arm; 4. monitoring a signal transmitting end; 5. a suspension arm; 6. a CCD image sensor; 7. a microscope objective; 8. a lens barrel jig; 9. a microscope tube; 10. a CCD camera; 11. a motion stage; 12. a moving arm; 13. a control module; 14. processing a cutter; 15. a coaxial point light source; 16. a workpiece to be processed; 17. a laser ranging sensor; 18. a fixing device; 19. monitoring a signal receiving end; 20. a rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The ultra-precision machining system comprises an ultra-precision machining tool, a rotating shaft displacement monitoring module, a cutter cutting edge abrasion detecting module, a workpiece detecting module and a control module 13.
The ultraprecise machining tool comprises a machining platform 1 for bearing a workpiece 16 to be machined, a support arm 3 fixedly arranged on the machining platform 1 and a moving arm 12 arranged on the machining platform 1 in a sliding mode, wherein a rotating shaft 20 connected with the support arm 3 in a rotating mode is arranged on the support arm 3, and a machining cutter 14 capable of moving relatively is arranged on the moving arm 12.
One end of the rotating shaft 20 is in driving and rotating connection with the supporting arm 3, and the other end of the rotating shaft points to the moving arm 12, wherein a fixing device 18 is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft 20, which points to the moving arm 12, and is used for fixing the workpiece 16 to be processed; the moving arm 12 is provided with an adjusting block capable of sliding up and down, and the machining tool 14 is fixedly connected to the adjusting block and adjusts the position of the machining tool along with the adjusting block.
In this embodiment, the support arm 3 is provided with a drive motor, the drive end of which is fixedly connected to the rotary shaft 20.
The rotating shaft displacement monitoring module is disposed above the rotating shaft 20 for monitoring the axial displacement of the rotating shaft 20.
In the present embodiment, the rotation axis displacement monitoring module includes a suspension arm 5 disposed parallel to the rotation axis 20, a monitoring signal emitting end 4 disposed on the suspension arm 5, and a monitoring signal receiving end 19, wherein one end of the suspension arm 5 is fixedly connected to the support arm 3, and the other end is a free end; monitoring signal transmitting end 4 and monitoring signal receiving terminal 19 all set up towards one side of rotation axis 20, and the emission direction of monitoring signal transmitting end 4 sets up with the central axis contained angle of rotation axis 20, and monitoring signal receiving terminal 19 is located monitoring signal's reflection route.
The monitoring signal transmitting end 4 is a laser transmitting device to transmit a laser signal to the surface of the rotating shaft 20 as a monitoring signal, and the monitoring signal receiving end 19 is a light sensing device to sense the laser which is transmitted by the monitoring signal transmitting end 4 and reflected by the surface of the rotating shaft 20, so as to monitor the axial deviation of the rotating shaft 20.
The tool cutting edge wear detection module is arranged corresponding to the machining tool 14 and is used for detecting the cutting edge wear condition of the machining tool 14.
In this embodiment, the tool cutting edge wear detection module includes a motion stage 11, a microscope tube 9, a microscope objective 7, a coaxial point light source 15 and a CCD camera 10, the motion stage 11 is slidably disposed on a moving arm 12, the microscope tube 9 is disposed on the motion stage 11 through a tube holder 8, the microscope objective 7 is disposed at one end of the microscope tube 9, and the CCD camera 10 is disposed at the other end of the microscope tube 9; the coaxial point light source 15 is arranged on the motion platform 11; the coaxial point light source 15 is arranged corresponding to the position of the microscope tube 9.
The coaxial point light source 15 adjusts light intensity through a light source controller located in the control module 13, and the light source wavelength is a visible light band.
In this embodiment, before machining, the coaxial point light source 15 and the microscope tube 9 are adjusted to two sides of the machining cutter 14, and the coaxial point light source 15, the edge of the machining cutter 14, and the microscope tube 9 are ensured to be on the same straight line.
And the workpiece detection module is arranged corresponding to the processed workpiece and is used for detecting the processing precision of the workpiece, wherein the processing precision comprises size, shape, position precision and roughness.
In this embodiment, the workpiece detection module includes a CCD image sensor 6 and a laser ranging sensor 17.
Wherein, the CCD image sensor 6 is arranged above the processing platform 1; the CCD image sensor 6 is electrically connected to the control module 13 for detecting the shape, positional accuracy and roughness of the machined workpiece.
The laser ranging sensor 17 is provided corresponding to the machining workpiece, and is used for detecting the size of the machining workpiece.
And the control module 13 is electrically connected with the rotating shaft displacement monitoring module, the cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module and the workpiece detection module, and sends a control instruction to the ultraprecise processing machine tool to adjust processing parameters according to monitoring or detection data of the rotating shaft displacement monitoring module, the cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module and the workpiece detection module so as to meet the ultraprecise processing requirement of the workpiece.
The control module 13 calculates the offset of the rotating shaft 20 according to the monitoring result of the rotating shaft displacement monitoring module, and sends a control command to adjust the machining position of the machining tool 14 according to the offset of the rotating shaft 20, so as to counteract the machining error caused by the offset of the rotating shaft 20.
The control module 13 adjusts the force application processing position of the processing tool 14 according to the cutting edge wear condition of the tool cutting edge wear detection module on the processing tool 14, and reminds the user to pay attention to the wear condition of the processing tool 14 and replace the tool in time so as to ensure the processing precision.
The control module 13 adjusts the process parameters of the ultra-precision machining tool, such as the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 20, the feeding amount of the machining tool 14, the machining position of the machining tool 14, and the like, in real time according to the detection condition of the workpiece detection module on the size, shape, position precision and roughness of the workpiece, and sends a control command to the machine tool control box 2 to meet the ultra-precision machining requirement of the workpiece.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An ultra-precision machining system for ultra-precision machining a workpiece to be machined, the ultra-precision machining system comprising:
the ultra-precision machining tool comprises a machining platform for bearing the workpiece to be machined, a supporting arm fixedly arranged on the machining platform and a moving arm arranged on the machining platform in a sliding manner, wherein the supporting arm is provided with a rotating shaft rotationally connected with the supporting arm, and the moving arm is provided with a machining cutter capable of moving relatively;
a rotating shaft displacement monitoring module disposed above the rotating shaft for monitoring axial deflection of the rotating shaft;
the tool cutting edge abrasion detection module is arranged corresponding to the machining tool and is used for detecting the abrasion condition of the cutting edge of the machining tool;
the workpiece detection module is arranged corresponding to the machined workpiece and used for detecting the machining precision of the workpiece, wherein the machining precision comprises size, shape, position precision and roughness;
control module, control module with rotation axis displacement monitoring module cutter cutting edge wearing and tearing detection module work piece detection module electricity is connected, and according to rotation axis displacement monitoring module cutter cutting edge wearing and tearing detection module the monitoring of work piece detection module or the data of detecting send control command extremely ultraprecise machine tool adjustment processing parameter is in order to satisfy the ultraprecise machining requirement of work piece.
2. The ultra-precision machining system according to claim 1, wherein one end of the rotating shaft is drivingly connected with the support arm and the other end is directed to the moving arm, wherein the end of the rotating shaft directed to the moving arm is provided with a fixing device for fixing the workpiece to be machined; the movable arm is provided with an adjusting block capable of sliding up and down, the machining tool is fixedly connected to the adjusting block, and the machining tool is adjusted in position along with the adjusting block.
3. The ultra-precision machining system of claim 1, wherein the rotation axis displacement monitoring module comprises a suspension arm disposed parallel to the rotation axis, a monitoring signal emitting end and a monitoring signal receiving end disposed on the suspension arm, wherein one end of the suspension arm is fixedly connected to the supporting arm, and the other end is a free end; monitoring signal sends out the end and the all orientation of monitoring signal receiving terminal one side setting of rotation axis, the transmission direction of monitoring signal sends out the end with the central axis contained angle setting of rotation axis, the monitoring signal receiving terminal is located monitoring signal's reflection route.
4. The ultra-precision machining system according to claim 3, wherein the monitoring signal emitting end is a laser emitting device to emit a laser signal to the surface of the rotating shaft as the monitoring signal, and the monitoring signal receiving end is a light sensing device to sense the laser emitted from the monitoring signal emitting end and reflected by the surface of the rotating shaft.
5. The ultra-precision machining system according to claim 1, wherein the tool cutting edge wear detection module comprises a motion stage, a microscope tube, a microscope objective, a coaxial point light source and a CCD camera, the motion stage is slidably disposed on the moving arm, the microscope tube is disposed on the motion stage through a tube clamp, the microscope objective is disposed at one end of the microscope tube, and the CCD camera is disposed at the other end of the microscope tube; the coaxial point light source is arranged on the motion platform; the coaxial point light source is arranged corresponding to the microscope tube.
6. The ultra-precision machining system of claim 5, wherein the coaxial point light source is adjusted in light intensity by a light source controller located in the control module, and the light source wavelength is in the visible light band.
7. The ultra-precision machining system of claim 1, wherein the workpiece detection module comprises:
the CCD image sensor is arranged above the processing platform; the CCD image sensor is electrically connected with the control module and is used for detecting the shape, the position precision and the roughness of a machined workpiece;
and the laser ranging sensor is arranged corresponding to the processing workpiece and used for detecting the size of the processing workpiece.
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CN202111199220.8A CN113814796B (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Ultra-precision machining system |
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CN114248155B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-09-20 | 安徽池州伟舜机电有限公司 | Small-size five-axis numerical control machine tool and motion monitoring system thereof |
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US6014919A (en) * | 1996-09-16 | 2000-01-18 | Precision Vascular Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for forming cuts in catheters, guidewires, and the like |
CN1166496C (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2004-09-15 | 华中科技大学 | Predicting and compensating control method and device for boring size error |
CN101758423A (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-30 | 上海诚测电子科技发展有限公司 | Rotational cutting tool state multiple parameter overall assessment method based on image identification |
CN102328103A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Ultra-precision processing system and processing method |
CN104385059B (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2017-04-05 | 浙江海洋学院 | A kind of knife face wear detecting method and its device |
CN112518529B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2023-01-10 | 苏州科诺机器人有限责任公司 | Industrial robot-based automatic tool edging workstation and edging method |
CN112872906A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-06-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Ultra-precise turning tool wear real-time monitoring method based on machine tool grating scale signals |
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