CN113812406A - 一种基于花香气味的银锭夜蛾食诱剂 - Google Patents

一种基于花香气味的银锭夜蛾食诱剂 Download PDF

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CN113812406A
CN113812406A CN202011544150.0A CN202011544150A CN113812406A CN 113812406 A CN113812406 A CN 113812406A CN 202011544150 A CN202011544150 A CN 202011544150A CN 113812406 A CN113812406 A CN 113812406A
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food attractant
silver
budworm
trapping
spodoptera exigua
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CN113812406B (zh
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张涛
张晓芳
李敏
孔令晓
高占林
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Plant Protection Institute hebei Academy Of Agricultural And Forestry Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N35/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
    • A01N35/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof, directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. acetophenone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01MCATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/02Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/08Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/06Unsaturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及害虫引诱剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种银锭夜蛾食诱剂。该食诱剂基于花香气味研制,由2‑苯丙醛、苯乙醇和惕格酸叶醇酯三种成分构成,在田间对银锭夜蛾引诱效果显著,能够同时有效诱集雌雄虫,可用于银锭夜蛾的种群动态监测或集中防治,对于综合治理银锭夜蛾具有重要意义。该银锭夜蛾食诱剂具有高效、用量少、对人畜无毒、持效期长、不产生抗性等优点,是环境友好的绿色防控新技术。

Description

一种基于花香气味的银锭夜蛾食诱剂
技术领域
本发明属于生物防治技术领域,特别是涉及银锭夜蛾食诱剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
银锭夜蛾Macdunnoughia crassisigna Warren,为鳞翅目,夜蛾科,分布在中国的东北、华北、华东、西北、西藏等地区。其幼虫是一种重要的食叶性害虫,寄主非常广泛,包括大豆、茄子、牛蒡、菊花,以及胡萝卜等多种十字花科植物。幼虫为害时,寄主叶片常被咬成缺刻或孔洞,造成产量与品质损失。目前我国防控银锭夜蛾主要依靠吡虫啉等化学农药,但是化学农药的过量施用带来生态环境安全、食品安全、抗药性等一系列负面影响。因此,开发有利于可持续发展的绿色防控技术非常有必要。
银锭夜蛾等夜蛾类昆虫通常会在晚上访问花朵,取食花蜜,以补充能量。我们借助银锭夜蛾这一习性,通过研究其喜食花朵的香气成分,从中筛选出对银锭夜蛾具有引诱活性的香气成分,研发了一种新型食诱剂。食诱剂成分来源于花香成分,无毒无残留,不会造成环境污染,同时食诱剂能够诱杀雌蛾,降低其后代种群数量,具有重要的防控价值,是理想的害虫绿色防控技术。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提出一种银锭夜蛾食诱剂及其制备方法,以发展银锭夜蛾的监测技术及绿色防控技术。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的银锭夜蛾食诱剂由以下三种组分按照各自重量百分比组成:
2-苯丙醛40-80%;
苯乙醇10-40%;
惕格酸叶醇酯10-40%;
且所述三种组分的重量百分比之和为100%。
优选地,银锭夜蛾食诱剂由以下组分按照各自重量百分比组成:
2-苯丙醛40-60%;
苯乙醇20-30%;
惕格酸叶醇酯20-30%;
且所述三种组分的重量百分比之和为100%。
最佳地,银锭夜蛾食诱剂由以下组分按照各自重量百分比组成:
2-苯丙醛50%;
苯乙醇25%;
惕格酸叶醇酯25%。
进一步地,提供了一种银锭夜蛾食诱剂诱芯的制备方法,即采用聚乙烯瓶为缓释载体,将上述引诱剂加入其中,然后封口制成诱芯。诱芯中按如上比例,加入食诱剂的剂量直接影响引诱效果和持效期。田间诱杀银锭夜蛾时,将所述食诱剂诱芯安置在相应的诱捕器上,悬挂在果园即可,所述诱捕器可使用水盆型诱捕器、桶形诱捕器、漏斗型诱捕器等。
本发明所提供的银锭夜蛾食诱剂,对银锭夜蛾雌、雄蛾均有显著的引诱效果,可以用于银锭夜蛾种群监测或者直接用于大量诱杀银锭夜蛾。本发明用量少,诱杀效果明显,不直接接触农作物,可显著减轻银锭夜蛾对作物的危害,是环境友好的绿色防控新技术。
具体实施方式
我们田间调查发现,银锭夜蛾会在夜晚访问多种植物花朵,取食花蜜。为此,我们通过气相色谱-质谱分析了多种银锭夜蛾喜食花朵的香气成分,并通过气相色谱-触角电位联用仪、昆虫嗅觉仪等筛选出3种具有诱蛾活性的物质。进而通过田间试验反复组合验证,最终获得了一种具有优异引诱效果的银锭夜蛾食诱剂组合物。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体试验,对本发明进一步详细说明。
诱捕试验所采用银锭夜蛾食诱剂诱芯,如前文所述,为聚乙烯瓶诱芯。以聚乙烯瓶作为缓释载体,加入不同剂量、不同比例的三种食诱剂成分,封口后直接应用。将所述食诱剂固定在诱捕器上,食诱剂通过聚乙烯瓶的瓶壁慢慢释放出来,诱杀银锭夜蛾。
诱捕实验于2020年7月26日至8月25日,在河北省雄县大豆田进行。选择长势均匀,管理一致的连片大豆田作为实验区,设置桶形诱捕器和诱芯进行银锭夜蛾诱捕实验,每种诱芯设置3个重复,诱捕器间距不小于20米。设置后从第7天起开始调查,每隔一周调查诱捕到的银锭夜蛾数量,按雌雄分别记录。
实施例田间诱捕效果如下:
表1银锭夜蛾食诱剂田间诱杀效果
Figure BDA0002855459880000041
注:A:2-苯丙醛;B:苯乙醇;C:惕格酸叶醇酯。表中数据为每个诱捕器每周诱捕量平均值±标准误。
试验结果表明:本发明所述的食诱剂对银锭夜蛾的引诱效果非常显著。源自花香气味的2-苯丙醛、苯乙醇和惕格酸叶醇酯,在单一组分时均能诱捕到一定量的银锭夜蛾,2-苯丙醛与苯乙醇或惕格酸叶醇酯组成两元混合物时诱捕效果均显著增加,但是苯乙醇和惕格酸叶醇酯混合并不能显著增加引诱效果。此外,在三种物质的三元组合物中,增加/减少一定量的苯乙醇或惕格酸叶醇酯并不能显著增加/降低引诱效果,但是2-苯丙醛的加入量与诱捕量成显著正相关,说明2-苯丙醛对银锭夜蛾的诱杀起着关键性作用,而苯乙醇和惕格酸叶醇酯具有显著的增效效果。从剂量上分析,以不同剂量的最佳比例三元混合物制成诱芯,加入量越多,引诱效果也越好,但是加入总量超过400mg 以上以后,诱捕量增加不明显。
从上面所述可以看出,利用本发明所述食诱剂能够显著诱杀银锭夜蛾,一方面能够准确监测银锭夜蛾田间种群动态,另一方面也能够大量诱杀雌蛾,压低田间种群数量,对于综合治理银锭夜蛾具有重要意义。该银锭夜蛾食诱剂用量少,使用方便,诱杀效果显著;同时,该食诱剂不产生抗性,对人畜无毒,环境友好;还能诱杀棉铃虫、草地螟等其他蛾类害虫,起到较好的防治效果;持效期长,诱芯防治效果可持续6周以上。
所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.本发明公开了一种银锭夜蛾食诱剂组合物,其特征在于:组合物由以下组分按照各自重量比组成:
2-苯丙醛40-80%;
苯乙醇10-40%;
惕格酸叶醇酯10-40%;
且所述三种组分的重量百分比之和为100%。
2.权利要求1所述2-苯丙醛、苯乙醇和惕格酸叶醇酯比例为2:1:1时诱捕效果最佳。
3.每个食诱剂诱芯中加入200-400mg权利要求1所述三元组分,即可在田间起到良好的诱杀效果。
4.权利要求1所述食诱剂需要固定在诱捕器上使用,所述诱捕器可使用水盆型诱捕器、桶形诱捕器、漏斗型诱捕器等。
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6074634A (en) * 1997-10-06 2000-06-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Feeding attractant and stimulant for adult control of noctuid and/or other lepidopteran species
WO2013164426A2 (de) * 2012-05-02 2013-11-07 Attratec Gmbh Lockstoffzusammensetzung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6074634A (en) * 1997-10-06 2000-06-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Feeding attractant and stimulant for adult control of noctuid and/or other lepidopteran species
WO2013164426A2 (de) * 2012-05-02 2013-11-07 Attratec Gmbh Lockstoffzusammensetzung

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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孙晓玲等: "虫害诱导植物挥发物(HIPVs)对植食性昆虫的行为调控", 《应用昆虫学报》 *
王树峰等: "常见花香挥发物对大豆田主要鳞翅目害虫的诱捕效果", 《河南农业科学》 *
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