CN113812405B - 一种小青花金龟食诱剂及其用途 - Google Patents

一种小青花金龟食诱剂及其用途 Download PDF

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CN113812405B
CN113812405B CN202011483573.6A CN202011483573A CN113812405B CN 113812405 B CN113812405 B CN 113812405B CN 202011483573 A CN202011483573 A CN 202011483573A CN 113812405 B CN113812405 B CN 113812405B
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张涛
马爱红
袁立兵
李敏
张晓芳
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Plant Protection Institute hebei Academy Of Agricultural And Forestry Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
    • A01N35/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof, directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. acetophenone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及害虫引诱剂技术领域，尤其涉及一种小青花金龟成虫食诱剂。该食诱剂基于花香气味研制，由邻甲氧基苯甲酸‑顺‑3‑己烯酯、邻甲氧基苯甲酸苯甲酯和苯乙醛三种成分构成，在田间对小青花金龟引诱效果显著，能够同时有效诱集雌雄成虫，达到种群监测或集中防治的目的。本发明不直接接触农作物，具有高效、无毒无残留、不杀伤天敌等优点，是环境友好的绿色防控新技术。

Description

一种小青花金龟食诱剂及其用途
技术领域
本发明属于生物防治技术领域，特别是涉及小青花金龟引诱剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
小青花金龟，鞘翅目，花金龟科，我国河北、山东、河南、山西、陕西等省均有分布。小青花金龟成虫善飞，咬食苹果、梨等果树的芽、花蕾、花瓣及嫩叶，发生严重时常将花器、嫩果吃光，影响果树的产量。主要寄主包括苹果、梨、桃、杏、山楂、板栗、、海棠、葡萄、柑桔等水果，以及大丽花、菊花、月季、刺梨、唐菖蒲、美人蕉等园林植物。小青花金龟每年发生1代，北方以幼虫越冬，南方可以成虫、蛹、幼虫越冬。以成虫越冬的第2年4月上旬出土活动，4月下旬至6月盛发；以末龄幼虫越冬的，成虫于5～9月份陆续出现。成虫白天活动，通常10～16时活动最盛，春季多在花上群聚食害花瓣、花蕊；夜间则入土潜伏或者树上隐蔽过夜。
我国小青花金龟的主要防治措施仍然为化学农药，易导致农药残留和污染。部分有机果园也采用人工捕捉或者糖醋液诱杀，但是费事费力，效果有限。为此，高效引诱剂将有助于小青花金龟的种群监测和绿色防控。而食诱剂是模拟植物气味，人工合成与组配的一种生物诱捕剂，常由多种植物挥发物组合而成，通过在田间诱杀成虫，达到防治害虫的目的。害虫食诱剂诱杀技术针对性强，防治效果可观，环境友好，同时可避免化学杀虫剂的大量使用，因此在小青花金龟绿色防治中具有重要的应用前景。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提出一种小青花金龟引诱剂及其制备方法，以发展小青花金龟的绿色防控技术。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的小青花金龟食诱剂由以下三种组分按照各自重量百分比组成：
邻甲氧基苯甲酸-顺-3-己烯酯1-40％，
邻甲氧基苯甲酸苯甲酯30-70％，
苯乙醛10-50％，
且所述三种组分的重量百分比之和为100％。
优选地，小青花金龟食诱剂由以下组分按照各自重量百分比组成：
邻甲氧基苯甲酸-顺-3-己烯酯10-30％，
邻甲氧基苯甲酸苯甲酯50-65％，
苯乙醛20-35％，
且所述三种组分的重量百分比之和为100％。
更优选地，小青花金龟食诱剂由以下组分按照各自重量百分比组成：
邻甲氧基苯甲酸-顺-3-己烯酯20％，
邻甲氧基苯甲酸苯甲酯70％，
苯乙醛30％，
且所述三种组分的重量百分比之和为100％。
进一步地，提供了一种小青花金龟食诱剂诱芯的制备方法，采用聚乙烯瓶为缓释载体，将上述引诱剂加入其中，然后封口制成诱芯。田间诱杀小青花金龟时，将所述食诱剂诱芯安置在相应的诱捕器上，悬挂在果园即可，所述诱捕器可使用水盆型诱捕器、桶形诱捕器、漏斗型诱捕器等。
本发明所提供的小青花金龟食诱剂，对小青花金龟雌、雄成虫均有显著的引诱效果，可以用于小青花金龟种群监测或者直接用于大量诱杀小青花金龟。本发明用量少，诱杀效果明显，不直接接触农作物，可显著减轻小青花金龟对果蔬的危害，是环境友好的绿色防控新技术。
具体实施方式
我们田间调查发现，小青花金龟主要在苹果、梨等果树开花时爆发，聚集在花上取食花瓣、花蜜、柱头、嫩果，造成危害；同时发现，小青花金龟具有喜食植物花的特性。为此，随后我们通过气相色谱-质谱分别分析了多种小青花金龟喜食花朵的香气成分，从中发现3种能引起小青花金龟明显趋向性的香气。进而，通过田间试验反复验证，最终获得了具有优异引诱效果的小青花金龟食诱剂组合物。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体试验，对本发明进一步详细说明。
诱捕试验所采用小青花金龟食诱剂诱芯，如前文所述，为聚乙烯小瓶诱芯。以聚乙烯瓶作为缓释载体，加入不同剂量、不同比例的三种食诱剂成分，封口后直接应用。将所述食诱剂固定在诱捕器上，食诱剂通过塑料瓶的瓶壁慢慢释放出来，诱杀小青花金龟。
诱捕实验于2020年4月22日至5月19日，在河北省保定市唐县唐河西村一个苹果园进行。选择长势均匀，管理一致的连片苹果园作为实验区，设置桶形诱捕器和诱芯进行小青花金龟诱捕实验，每种诱芯设置3个重复，诱捕器间距不小于20米。设置后从第7天起开始调查，每隔一周调查诱捕到的小青花金龟成虫数量，按雌雄分别记录。
实施例田间诱捕效果如下：
表1小青花金龟食诱剂田间诱杀效果
Figure GDA0003812770040000041
注：A:邻甲氧基苯甲酸-顺-3-己烯酯；B:邻甲氧基苯甲酸苯甲酯；C:苯乙醛。表中数据为每个诱捕器每周诱捕量平均值±SD。
试验结果表明：本发明所述的食诱剂对小青花金龟的引诱效果非常显著。邻甲氧基苯甲酸-顺-3-己烯酯、邻甲氧基苯甲酸苯甲酯和苯乙醛单一成分时均能诱捕到一定量的小青花金龟，而三种香气成分的两元混合物诱捕效果更佳，尤其是邻甲氧基苯甲酸苯甲酯和苯乙醛的混合物。三元组合物中，加入邻甲氧基苯甲酸-顺-3-己烯酯达到20％时，诱捕效果最佳，单个诱捕器中雌雄诱捕量均超过1000头/周。
从上面所述可以看出，利用本发明所述食诱剂能够大量诱杀小青花金龟，一方面能够准确监测小青花金龟田间种群动态，另一方面也能够通过压低虫口基数降低其直接危害，对于综合治理小青花金龟具有重要意义。该小青花金龟食诱剂用量少，使用方便，诱杀效果显著；同时，该食诱剂专一性强，不产生抗性，对人畜无毒，环境友好；可同时诱杀雌雄成虫，防治效果好；持效期长，诱芯防治效果可持续4周以上。
所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种小青花金龟食诱剂组合物，其特征在于：所述食诱剂组合物由邻甲氧基苯甲酸-顺-3-己烯酯，邻甲氧基苯甲酸苯甲酯和苯乙醛三种组分组成，其重量百分比分别为1-40%、30-70%和10-50%，且所述三种组分的重量百分比之和为100%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的小青花金龟食诱剂组合物，其特征在于所述邻甲氧基苯甲酸-顺-3-己烯酯、邻甲氧基苯甲酸苯甲酯和苯乙醛比例为4:7:3。
3.根据权利要求2所述的小青花金龟食诱剂组合物的使用方法，其特征在于在诱捕器的诱芯中加入权利要求2所述的食诱剂组合物，其用量为120-360mg。
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