CN113811166A

CN113811166A - Data center thermal management system and method based on thermal energy storage

Info

Publication number: CN113811166A
Application number: CN202111243602.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁玉龙; 戴思源; 赵彦琦
Original assignee: Kelvin Thermal Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Kelvin Thermal Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-10-25
Filing date: 2021-10-25
Publication date: 2021-12-17
Also published as: WO2023070745A1

Abstract

The invention discloses a data center heat management system and a method based on thermal energy storage, which comprises a fluid circulation unit, a thermochemical refrigeration unit, a phase change energy storage air conditioning unit and a control unit, wherein the fluid circulation unit comprises a fluid circulation unit body, a thermochemical refrigeration unit body and a phase change energy storage air conditioning unit body, and the control unit comprises a control unit body, a heat storage unit body and a heat storage unit body, wherein the control unit body comprises a heat storage unit body, a heat storage unit body and a heat storage unit body, and the heat storage unit body comprises a heat storage unit body and a heat storage unit body, wherein the heat storage unit body is arranged in the heat storage unit body: the fluid circulation unit is connected with the thermochemical refrigeration unit and the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit and is used for providing cold energy for the data center and providing a natural cold source when the outdoor environment temperature is lower; the thermochemical refrigerating unit is connected with the fluid circulating unit, on one hand, thermochemical materials are used for refrigerating to cool passing fluid, on the other hand, waste heat generated by the data center can be used for regenerating the thermochemical materials, and a cold energy source is provided for the data center; the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit is connected with the fluid circulation unit, can cool the fluid that passes through on the one hand, provides the cold energy source for data center cooling, and the usable phase change material of on the other hand stores the cold energy, provides the cold energy demand of high peak electricity time period for data center.

Description

Data center thermal management system and method based on thermal energy storage

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of heat energy storage, energy conservation and heat management, and particularly relates to a data center heat management system and method based on heat energy storage.

Background

With the rapid development of new technologies and new applications of 5G, industrial internet, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data and the like, the data center is used as an indispensable digital base for the operation of the economic society, the vigorous development of the world digital economy is effectively supported, and the digital transformation of various fields of various industries is promoted. In recent years, the industrial scale of data centers has been increasing at a high rate, which is more than 30% in 5 years. By the end of 2020, the total number of racks in the Chinese data center reaches 428.6 ten thousand, and the total number of racks in the global data center reaches 4436 ten thousand. With the rapid development of the data room industry, the high-efficiency and energy-saving data room becomes the mainstream trend of future development, the power consumption of the Chinese data center in 2020 exceeds 2000 billion kWh, and the total energy consumption of the global data center in 2020 reaches 4 trillion kWh. The energy consumption of the data room is mainly divided into a power supply system, an air-conditioning refrigeration system, server equipment and other supporting equipment supporting IT loads according to functions of the data room, wherein the air-conditioning refrigeration system is an energy-consuming large user of the data room and accounts for about 40% of the total energy consumption of the whole data room, the power consumption of the IT equipment, the power supply system and the supporting infrastructure is basically saturated at present, the energy consumption of the air-conditioning system accounts for a large share, and the data room has a large energy-saving and space-improving effect.

The cooling method of the current data center mainly comprises the following steps: immersion liquid cooling, direct/indirect contact cold plate liquid cooling and air cooling, heat pipe liquid cooling, and the like. However, in the prior art, the energy consumption for cooling the data center is still high, and the cooling efficiency of the data center can be effectively improved by utilizing the phase change energy storage technology and the thermochemical refrigeration technology. The energy storage air conditioner and the refrigerator based on the phase change material or the sensible heat material can use electricity to generate and store cold energy in a valley electricity period, and release the stored cold energy in a peak period, so that peak clipping and valley filling are realized, the electricity cost of an operator is reduced, and the phase change energy storage device can be combined with a natural cooling technology, so that a natural cold source is fully utilized, the energy consumption is reduced, but the application of the phase change energy storage air conditioner and the refrigerator in a data center is less at present. The thermochemical energy storage technology is a new energy storage technology, waste heat of a data center can be fully utilized to charge energy and regenerate thermochemical materials, the thermochemical materials absorb moisture in air to obtain dry air, and then obtain low-temperature air in a spraying mode for cooling the data center, and patent CN212566398U mentions that a thermochemical reaction system is utilized for cooling, but at present, no research is available for comprehensively utilizing the thermochemical reaction system for cooling the data center. Because the phase change energy storage technology and the thermochemical energy storage technology have a good application prospect in data center cooling, a novel data center thermal management technology for generating, storing and supplying cold-collecting energy, which combines the phase change energy storage and the thermochemical energy storage, and has high energy storage density, high resource and energy utilization efficiency, high energy efficiency ratio and low system cost, is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of high energy consumption and low efficiency, and provides a data center cooling technology and a system based on thermochemistry and phase change energy storage and integrating cold energy generation and storage and natural energy application.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a thermal management system of a data center based on thermal energy storage comprises a fluid circulation unit (8), a phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5), a thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) and a control unit (7).

The fluid circulation unit (8) is connected with the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) and the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) and is used for conveying heat transfer fluid to a data center, and the heat transfer fluid can be one of air, water and cooling liquid according to data centers with different cooling modes. And the fluid circulation unit (8) transmits cold energy generated by the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) and the thermochemical refrigerating unit (4) to the data center to adjust the temperature of a computer room of the data center.

The phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) is connected with the fluid circulation unit (8), and cools the refrigerant through electric refrigeration to provide a cold energy source for the fluid circulation unit (8).

The thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) is connected with the fluid circulation unit (8), and the fluid is cooled through thermochemical refrigeration to provide a cold energy source for the fluid circulation unit (8).

The control unit (7) is in signal connection with the fluid circulation unit (8), the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) and the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) respectively, the fluid circulation unit (8), the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) and the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) are controlled by monitoring the indoor and outdoor temperature of the data center and the electricity utilization period, and an optimal cooling mode is selected to regulate and control the temperature of the data center.

In particular, the fluid circulation unit (8) may have different structures for different heat transfer fluids. When the heat transfer fluid is air, the fluid circulation unit (8) comprises a fresh air inlet (100), a three-way valve (101), a centrifugal fan (102), an electromagnetic valve (103), an electromagnetic valve (104), an electromagnetic valve (105), an air cooling unit outlet (106), an air cooling unit inlet (108), an electromagnetic valve (107), an electromagnetic valve (109), a three-way valve (110) and a fresh air outlet (111).

The fresh air inlet (100) is connected with the centrifugal fan (102) and the three-way valve (110) through the three-way valve (101) and is used for introducing external fresh air.

The centrifugal fan (102) is connected with the electromagnetic valve (103), the electromagnetic valve (104) and the electromagnetic valve (105).

The electromagnetic valve (103) is sequentially connected with an air inlet (415), a spray heat exchanger (410) and an air outlet (414) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) and is connected to an air cooling outlet (106) in the fluid circulation unit (8).

The solenoid valve (104) is connected with an air cooling outlet (106).

The electromagnetic valve (105) is sequentially connected with an air inlet (501), an evaporator (502), a blower (503), a phase change energy storage device (504) and an air outlet (505) in the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) and is connected to an air cooling outlet (106) in the fluid circulation unit (8).

And the air cooling outlet (106) is sequentially connected with the data center machine room (3) and the air cooling inlet (108).

The air cooling inlet (108) is connected with the electromagnetic valve (107) and the electromagnetic valve (109).

The electromagnetic valve (107) is sequentially connected with a machine room hot air inlet (402), a three-way valve (403), a blower (404), a heat exchanger (405), a heater (406), a thermochemical reactor (407), a three-way valve (408), a heat exchanger (405) and a machine room hot air outlet (416) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4), and then is connected with the three-way valve (110).

The electromagnetic valve (109) is connected with a three-way valve (110).

The three-way valve (110) is connected with the three-way valve (101) and the fresh air outlet (111), and hot air in the data center is discharged through the fresh air outlet (111).

When the heat transfer fluid is a liquid, the fluid circulation unit (8) includes a cooling tower (205), a circulation pump (204), a refrigeration unit (206), a heat exchanger (207), a three-way valve (203), a three-way valve (202), a liquid inlet (201), a circulation pump (208), and a liquid outlet (210).

And the liquid inlet (201) is connected with the three-way valve (203) through the three-way valve (202), and is also sequentially connected with a cooling liquid inlet (611), a spray heat exchanger (609) and a cooling liquid outlet (610) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) through the three-way valve (202) and then connected to the three-way valve (203).

The three-way valve (203) is connected with a heat exchanger (207).

The heat exchanger (207) is connected with a circulating pump (208), a phase change energy storage device (209) and a liquid outlet (210) in sequence. The inlet of the other flow passage of the heat exchanger (207) is connected with the refrigerating unit (206), and the outlet is connected with the circulating pump (204).

The circulating pump (204) is connected with the cooling tower (205).

The cooling tower (205) is connected to a refrigeration unit (206).

In certain embodiments, the fluid circulation unit (8) may not include a portion whose heat transfer fluid is liquid.

In certain embodiments, the fluid circulation unit (8) may not include a portion whose heat transfer fluid is air.

In particular, the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) has different system configurations when refrigerating different heat transfer fluids. When the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) is used for refrigerating air, the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) comprises a fresh air inlet (401), a machine room hot air inlet (402), a three-way valve (403), a blower (404), a heat exchanger (405), a heater (406), a thermochemical reactor (407), a three-way valve (408), a machine room hot air outlet (416), a heat exchanger (409), a fresh air inlet (413), a fresh air outlet (412), a spraying heat exchanger (410), an air inlet (415), an air outlet (414) and a fresh air outlet (411).

The hot air inlet (402) of the machine room is connected with the fresh air inlet (401) and the blower (404) through a three-way valve (403). For introducing hot air into the machine room.

The blower (404), the heat exchanger (405) and the heater (406) are connected in sequence through pipelines.

The heater (406) is connected with a thermochemical reactor (407) for heating air in order to reach the requirement of the regeneration temperature of the thermochemical material.

The thermochemical reactor (407) is connected to the heat exchanger (405) and to the heat exchanger (409) by means of a three-way valve (408).

The heat exchanger (405) is connected with a machine room hot air outlet (416). Can be used for recovering the residual heat of hot air in the process of regenerating the thermochemical material.

One end of the heat exchanger (409) is connected with the spraying heat exchanger (410), and the other flow channel is respectively connected with the fresh air inlet (413) and the fresh air outlet (412). The ambient air can be utilized by the heat exchanger to cool the low-humidity air in the process of refrigerating the thermochemical materials, so that the thermochemical refrigerating efficiency is improved.

One end of the spraying heat exchanger (410) is connected with a fresh air outlet (411), and the other flow channel is respectively connected with an air inlet (415) and an air outlet (414). The low-temperature air in the thermochemical material refrigeration process and the air in the machine room can be subjected to heat exchange through the heat exchanger, and the temperature of the data center machine room is reduced.

When the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) is used to refrigerate a coolant, the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) comprises an air inlet (601), a three-way valve (602), a blower (603), a heater (604), a thermochemical reactor (605), a heat exchanger (608), an air inlet (607), an air outlet (608), a spray heat exchanger (609), a coolant inlet (611), a coolant outlet (610), a three-way valve (612) and an air outlet (613).

The air inlet (601) is connected with a blower (603) and a three-way valve (612) through a three-way valve (602).

The blower (603) is connected with the heater (604) and the thermochemical reactor (605) in sequence.

The thermochemical reactor (605) is connected to a heat exchanger (608).

The heat exchanger (608) is connected with the spray heat exchanger (609), the inlet of the other flow passage is connected with the air inlet (607), and the outlet is connected with the air outlet (608). The ambient air can be utilized by the heat exchanger to cool the low-humidity air in the process of refrigerating the thermochemical materials, so that the thermochemical refrigerating efficiency is improved.

The outlet of the spray heat exchanger (609) is connected with a three-way valve (612), and the other flow passage is respectively connected with a cooling liquid inlet (611) and a cooling liquid outlet (610). The low-temperature air in the thermochemical material refrigeration process and the heat transfer fluid in the machine room can exchange heat through the heat exchanger, and the data center machine room is cooled.

The three-way valve (612) is connected to the three-way valve (602) and the air outlet (613).

In certain embodiments, the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) may not contain a portion whose cooling target is air.

In certain embodiments, the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) may not contain a portion whose cooling target is a cooling liquid.

Specifically, the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) has different system structures when refrigerating different heat transfer fluids. When the heat transfer fluid is air, the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) comprises an air inlet (501), an evaporator (502), a blower (503), a phase change energy storage device (504), an air outlet (505), a compressor (506), a separator (507), a condenser (508), a filter (509), a high pressure valve (510), a three-way valve (511), a solenoid valve (515), an expansion valve (516), a phase change energy storage device (512), a solenoid valve (513) and an expansion valve (514).

One end of the evaporator (502) is connected with the air inlet (501), and the air is cooled through the evaporator (502). The other end of the evaporator (502) is connected with a blower (503), a phase change energy storage device (504) and an air outlet (505) in sequence. The refrigerant inlet is connected to an expansion valve (514), and the refrigerant outlet is connected to a compressor (506).

The compressor (506) is connected with the separator (507), the evaporator (502) and the phase change energy storage device (512).

The separator (507) is connected to a compressor (506) and a condenser (508).

The condenser (508) is connected in series with a filter (509) and a high pressure valve (510).

And the high-pressure valve (510) is connected with the electromagnetic valve (515) and the phase change energy storage device (512) through a three-way valve (511).

The electromagnetic valve (515) is connected with an expansion valve (516).

The expansion valve (516) is connected with the phase change energy storage device (512).

And the outlet of the phase change energy storage device (512) is connected with the electromagnetic valve (513) and the compressor (506).

The solenoid valve (513) is connected to an expansion valve (514).

When the heat transfer fluid is liquid, the phase-change energy-storage air conditioning unit (5) only has the functions of storing and releasing cold energy, and the phase-change energy-storage air conditioning unit (5) only comprises a phase-change energy storage device (209).

The inlet of the phase-change energy storage device (209) is connected with a circulating pump (208), and the outlet of the phase-change energy storage device is connected with a liquid outlet (210).

In certain embodiments, the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) may not contain a phase change energy storage device (209).

Specifically, the control unit (7) is in signal connection with a three-way valve (101), a centrifugal fan (102), an electromagnetic valve (103), an electromagnetic valve (104), an electromagnetic valve (105), an electromagnetic valve (107), an electromagnetic valve (109), a three-way valve (110), a three-way valve (403), a blower (404), a heater (406), a three-way valve (408), a blower (503), a compressor (506), a three-way valve (511), an electromagnetic valve (515), an electromagnetic valve (513), a refrigeration unit (206), a three-way valve (203), a three-way valve (202), a three-way valve (602), a blower (603), a heater (604) and a three-way valve (612), and is controlled by the control unit (7).

Further, the invention also provides a method for the system to carry out data center thermal management, which comprises the following steps:

the fluid circulation unit (8) has two operation modes, namely a fresh air mode and a circulating air mode, wherein the fresh air mode can introduce fresh air to provide a cold source when the temperature of the external environment is low, and the circulating air mode can avoid introducing external high-temperature air to increase the refrigeration load; the fluid circulation unit (8) is connected with the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) and the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4), the fluid circulation unit (8) provides heat transfer fluid for the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) and the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) to transfer cold energy, and the fluid circulation unit (8) also provides a heat energy source for the regeneration of thermochemical materials in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4).

The phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) is connected with the fluid circulation unit (8), and the evaporator (502) cools the passing fluid to provide a cold energy source for the fluid circulation unit (8).

The thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) is connected with the fluid circulation unit (8), and the fluid passing through the thermochemical refrigeration unit is cooled by the spray heat exchanger (410) to provide a cold energy source for the fluid circulation unit (8).

The control unit (7) is in signal connection with the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4), the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) and the fluid circulation unit (8), controls the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4), the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) and the fluid circulation unit (8) by monitoring the indoor and outdoor temperatures of the data center and judging whether the data center is in a valley power utilization period, and selects a data center cooling mode.

Further, when the heat transfer fluid is air, the data center thermal management system can implement five data center cooling operation modes: the natural cold source supplies cold, the natural cold source and the phase change energy storage air conditioner unit supply cold together, the natural cold source and the thermochemical refrigeration unit supply cold together, the phase change energy storage air conditioner unit supplies cold, and the thermochemical refrigeration unit and the phase change energy storage air conditioner supply cold together.

When the air conditioner is in a natural cold source cooling mode, external low-temperature air enters the fluid circulation unit (8) from the fresh air inlet (100) under the driving of the centrifugal fan (102), part of the air firstly enters the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) to charge the phase change energy storage device (504), part of the air directly enters the data center machine room through the electromagnetic valve (104) to cool equipment in the machine room, and the air carrying heat of the data center is discharged outwards through the fresh air outlet (111).

When the cold source and the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit are in a common cold supply mode, during off-peak electricity at the moment, external low-temperature air enters the fluid circulation unit (8) from the fresh air inlet (100) under the drive of the centrifugal fan (102), then enters the evaporator (502) in the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) to be cooled, then enters the phase change energy storage device (504) to be cooled, and then enters the data center to cool the server, the air carries heat of the data center to enter the thermochemical reactor (407) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) to take away water in the thermochemical material, so that the thermochemical material is regenerated, and wet hot air is discharged outwards from the fresh air outlet (111); meanwhile, the low-temperature refrigerant in the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) through the expansion valve (516) enters the phase-change energy-storage device (512) and cools the phase-change energy-storage device.

When the system is in a natural cold source and thermochemical refrigeration unit common cold supply mode, at the time of peak power, external low-temperature air enters the fluid circulation unit (8) from the fresh air inlet (100) under the drive of the centrifugal fan (102), then enters the spray heat exchanger (410) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4), is cooled, then enters the data center to cool the server, and then is discharged outwards from the fresh air outlet (111).

When the system is in a phase change energy storage air conditioner cooling mode, during off-peak electricity at the moment, circulating air inside a data center enters an evaporator (502) in a phase change energy storage air conditioner unit (5) under the driving of a centrifugal fan (102) and is cooled, then enters a phase change energy storage device (504) to be cooled, and then enters the data center to cool a server, the air carrying heat of the data center enters a thermochemical reactor (407) in a thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) to take away water in the thermochemical material, so that the thermochemical material is regenerated, and wet hot air is discharged from a fresh air outlet (111) outwards; meanwhile, the low-temperature refrigerant passing through the expansion valve (516) in the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) enters the phase-change energy-storage device (512), cools the phase-change energy-storage device and returns to the compressor (506).

When the thermochemical refrigeration unit and the phase change energy storage air conditioner supply cold together, during the period of high peak power, the internal circulating air of the data center is driven by the centrifugal fan (102), part of the internal circulating air enters the spray heat exchanger (410) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) and then is cooled, part of the internal circulating air enters the evaporator (502) in the phase change energy storage air conditioner unit (5) and then is cooled, and then enters the phase change energy storage device (504) to be further cooled, and then enters the data center to cool the server, and then is discharged from the fresh air outlet (111) outwards; meanwhile, the refrigerant in the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) is cooled when passing through the phase-change energy-storage device (512), further cooled through the expansion valve (514), and enters the evaporator (502) to exchange heat with air.

Further, when the heat transfer fluid is a liquid, the data center thermal management system can implement two data center cooling operation modes: the refrigerating unit supplies cold, the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit and the thermochemical refrigerating unit together.

When the data center is in a cooling mode of the refrigerating unit, during the off-peak electricity period, the circulating liquid in the data center enters the heat exchanger (207) in the fluid circulating unit (8) from the liquid inlet (201) under the driving of the circulating pump, is cooled by the low-temperature liquid from the refrigerating unit, then enters the phase-change energy storage device (209) and cools the phase-change energy storage device, and then enters the data center to cool the server.

When the data center is in a phase-change energy storage air conditioning unit and thermochemical refrigeration unit common cooling mode, at the moment, during a peak power period, circulating liquid in the data center enters the fluid circulating unit (8) from the liquid inlet (201) under the driving of the circulating pump, then enters the spraying heat exchanger (609) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) to be cooled, then enters the phase-change energy storage device (209) to be further cooled, and finally enters the data center to cool the server.

Preferably, the phase change energy storage device (504) comprises a phase change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the phase change energy storage device, low-temperature air flowing through an outlet of the evaporator (502) can be used for cooling the phase change energy storage device, and the stored cold energy can be used for cooling the passing high-temperature air; the phase change energy storage device (504) is used for storing redundant cold energy generated by refrigeration of a natural cold source and a refrigerant.

The phase-change energy storage device (512) contains a phase-change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the phase-change energy storage device (512), the refrigerant passing through the expansion valve (516) charges the phase-change energy storage device (512) for cooling, and the refrigerant passing through the expansion valve (514) is further cooled by the phase-change energy storage device (512) during cooling release; the phase change energy storage device (512) is used for storing cold energy of the refrigerant branch and further cooling the high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant of the main loop.

The phase-change energy storage device (209) comprises a phase-change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the phase-change energy storage device, the phase-change energy storage device can be charged with cold by cooling liquid at an outlet of the circulating pump (208), and the stored cold energy can be cooled by the passing cooling liquid with relatively high temperature; the phase change energy storage device (516) is used for storing redundant cold energy generated by refrigeration.

Preferably, the energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device (504), the phase change energy storage device (512) and the phase change energy storage device (209) is one of an organic phase change material, an inorganic phase change material or an organic-inorganic composite phase change material; the phase-change temperature of the phase-change materials in the three phase-change energy storage devices is-50 to +300 ℃. The performance enhancing materials in the three phase change energy storage devices comprise carbon materials and metal materials, and the heat exchange structure comprises particles, fins, special-shaped pipelines and surface coatings; the mass ratio of the performance enhancing materials in the three phase-change energy storage devices to the phase-change materials in the heat storage unit is (0.1-50): (99.9-50).

Preferably, the thermochemical reactor (407) and the thermochemical reactor (605) dehydrate and regenerate thermochemical materials by hot air in a data center room during energy charging, absorb water vapor by the thermochemical materials to obtain dry air during energy releasing, and obtain low-temperature humid air by spraying to cool hot air or hot coolant from the data center.

Preferably, the thermochemical reactor (407) and thermochemical reactor (605) contain therein a support material and a thermochemical energy storage material, wherein the thermochemical energy storage material comprises any one of 4A zeolite, 5A zeolite, 10X zeolite, 13X zeolite, activated carbon, silica gel, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, strontium bromide, metal organic framework material or a mixture of two or more thereof; the working temperature of the thermochemical energy storage material is-50 to +600 ℃.

The carrier materials in the thermochemical reactor (407) and the thermochemical reactor (605) include any one or a mixture of two or more of carbon materials (graphite, graphene, expanded graphite, carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes), metal materials (aluminum, copper and nickel), metal oxides (copper oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and manganese iron oxide), diatomite, vermiculite, polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, chitosan and the like), polypeptides (collagen, poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamic acid), acrylic acid and derivatives thereof (polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylamide and poly-N-polyallyacrylamide); the mass ratio of the carrier material to the thermochemical energy storage material in the thermochemical reactor is (0.1-50): (99.9-50).

Has the advantages that:

according to the data center heat management system, the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit generates cold energy for storage during the off-peak electricity period through a phase change energy storage technology, waste heat of the data center is recovered and used for regeneration of a thermochemical material in a thermochemical refrigerating unit and is released during the peak electricity period, peak clipping and valley filling are achieved, natural cold energy is introduced through a fresh air mode of the fluid circulation unit, the electric energy use efficiency (PUE) of a cooling system of the data center is reduced, and therefore efficient and low-energy-consumption data center cooling is achieved. The system can utilize a natural cold source, can regenerate the thermochemical materials by utilizing waste heat of the data center, and refrigerate by utilizing the thermochemical materials, thereby reducing the electric energy consumption and reducing the carbon emission. The phase change energy storage air conditioning unit is used for storing cold energy, and the peak-valley electricity price is used, so that the operation cost can be further reduced.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system for a data center based on thermal energy storage according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the thermal management system of the data center based on thermal energy storage according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system of a data center based on thermal energy storage according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the air-cooled portion of the thermal management system of the data center according to examples 1 and 2.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a thermo-chemical refrigeration unit in the data center thermal management system of examples 1 and 2.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a phase change energy storage air conditioning unit in the thermal management system of the data center according to

embodiments

1 and 2.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid cooling portion of the data center thermal management system of embodiment 1.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid cooling portion of the thermal management system of the data center according to embodiment 3.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a thermochemical refrigeration unit in the thermal management system of the data center according to example 3.

Detailed Description

The invention will be better understood from the following examples.

The structures, proportions, and dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for understanding and reading the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined in the claims, and are not essential to the skilled in the art. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear" and "middle" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the relative positions may be changed or adjusted without substantial technical changes.

As shown in fig. 1, the thermal management system of the data center based on thermal energy storage comprises a fluid circulation unit 8, a phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5, a thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 and a control unit 7;

the fluid circulation unit 8 is connected with the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 and the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 and is used for conveying heat transfer fluid to the data center, and the heat transfer fluid can be one or a combination of air, water and cooling liquid according to the data center with different cooling modes. The fluid circulation unit 8 transmits cold energy generated by the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 and the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 to the data center, and adjusts the temperature of a data center machine room;

the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 is connected with the fluid circulation unit 8, and cools the refrigerant through electric refrigeration to provide a cold energy source for the fluid circulation unit 8;

the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 is connected with the fluid circulation unit 8, and cools the fluid through thermochemical refrigeration to provide a cold energy source for the fluid circulation unit 8;

the control unit 7 is in signal connection with the fluid circulation unit 8, the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 and the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 respectively, controls the fluid circulation unit 8, the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 and the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 by monitoring the indoor and outdoor temperature and the electricity utilization period of the data center, and selects an optimal cooling mode to regulate and control the temperature of the data center.

In the following embodiments, the main structure of the phase change energy storage device 504 is an energy storage type heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is composed of various fins, air pipelines and a shell. Air flows through the air pipeline, and a phase change energy storage material and performance enhancing material mixture is filled between the outside of the air pipeline and the shell.

The main structure of the phase change energy storage device 209 is an energy storage type heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is composed of various fins, fluid pipelines and a shell. The fluid pipeline is internally circulated with cooling liquid, and a mixture of the phase change energy storage material and the performance enhancing material is filled between the exterior of the fluid pipeline and the shell.

The main structure of the phase change energy storage device 512 is an energy storage type heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is composed of various fins, two heat exchange fluid pipelines and a shell. Refrigerant flows through the two heat exchange fluid pipelines, and a mixture of a phase change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material is filled between the exterior of the two heat exchange fluid pipelines and the shell.

The main structures of the

thermochemical reactors

407 and 605 are both fluidized bed reactors or fixed bed reactors, and the reactors are composed of thermochemical energy storage material beds, air inlets, air outlets and outlet screens. The thermochemical energy storage material bed comprises a mixture of thermochemical energy storage material and a support material.

Example 1

In this embodiment, for the indirect liquid-cooled data center, as shown in fig. 3, the thermal management system for the data center based on thermal energy storage in this patent includes an air cooling unit 1, a liquid cooling unit 2, and a control unit 7. The specific structure of the air cooling unit 1 is shown in fig. 4, and the air cooling unit comprises a fluid circulation unit 8, a thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 and a phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5, wherein the structure of the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 is shown in fig. 5, and the structure of the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 is shown in fig. 6. The liquid cooling unit 2 is shown in fig. 7. The system reads the temperature value through the outdoor temperature sensor.

The fluid circulation unit 8 has two working modes of internal circulation air and fresh air. If the outdoor temperature sensor reads more than 30 degrees, the circulating air mode is automatically selected. Air enters from the three-way valve 110 and reaches the inlet of the three-way valve 101 through a conduit, and the three-way valve 101 has two outlets which are respectively connected with the fresh air inlet 100 and the centrifugal fan 102 through conduits. At this point the outlet to the centrifugal fan 102 is open and air in state 1 passes through the conduit to the centrifugal fan 102 outlet. If the reading of the outdoor temperature sensor is lower than 30 ℃, air enters from the fresh air inlet 100 and reaches the inlet of the three-way valve 101 through a conduit, and the three-way valve 101 is provided with two outlets which are respectively connected with the three-way valve 110 and the centrifugal fan 102 through conduits. At this time, the outlet to the centrifugal fan 102 is opened, and the air in the state 1 reaches the outlet of the centrifugal fan 102 through the duct.

The data center air cooling unit has five cooling modes of natural cold source cooling, common cooling of the natural cold source and the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit, common cooling of the natural cold source and the thermochemical refrigerating unit, cooling of the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit and common cooling of the thermochemical refrigerating unit and the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit. If the outdoor temperature read by the temperature sensor is lower than 10 ℃, the mode is automatically switched to a natural cold source cooling mode, and the ventilation mode is in a fresh air mode. After the air from the external environment reaches the outlet of the centrifugal fan 102, the electromagnetic valve 104 and the electromagnetic valve 105 connected with the centrifugal fan are in an open state, the electromagnetic valve 103 is in a closed state, part of the air directly reaches the outlet 106 of the air cooling unit through the electromagnetic valve 104, the other part of the air flows through the electromagnetic valve 105 to the evaporator 502, the compressor 506 in the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 is in a closed state, the air directly flows through the evaporator 502 to the blower 503 and reaches the phase change energy storage device 504 through the conduit, the phase change energy storage device 504 is charged with cold, the air state is changed from 1 to 2, then the air flows through the air outlet 505 to the air cooling outlet 106, the air and the other air passing through the electromagnetic valve 104 are mixed to a state 3, then the air flows into the data center machine room 3 and is heated to a state 4, the air flows from the inlet 108 of the air cooling unit, the electromagnetic valve 109 is closed, the electromagnetic valve 107 is opened, air flows into the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 through the electromagnetic valve 107, flows through the machine room hot air inlet 402 to the inlet of the three-way valve 403, the three-way valve 403 is connected with the fresh air inlet 401 and the blower 404, the outlet to the blower 404 is opened at the moment, the air flows to the heat exchanger 405 to be heated to the state 5, the air is heated to a state 6 by reaching the heater 405 through a conduit, the air flows to the thermochemical reactor 407 through the conduit, the air takes away moisture in the thermochemical material, the air is changed from the state 6 to a state 7 and flows to an inlet of the three-way valve 408, the three-way valve 408 is connected with the heat exchanger 405 and the heat exchanger 409, an outlet leading to the heat exchanger 405 is opened, the air flows to the heat exchanger 405 and is cooled to a state 8, the air flows out to an inlet of the three-way valve 110 through a machine room hot air outlet 416, an outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 111 is opened, and the air flows out of the data center room through the fresh air outlet 111.

When the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor air temperature is more than 10 ℃ and less than 30 ℃, and the outdoor air temperature is in a low-ebb electricity running interval, the natural cold source and the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit jointly supply cold. At this time, the system is in a fresh air mode. At this time, the compressor 506 in the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 is turned on, refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 502 and at the outlet of the phase change energy storage device 512 is compressed from a high-temperature low-pressure gas state 9 to a high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 10, the refrigerant in the state 10 flows from the compressor 506 to the separator 507 through a conduit, lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 506, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 508 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to a high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 11, and the refrigerant flows to the safety valve 510 through a conduit. Part of the refrigerant in the state 11 flows to the solenoid valve 515, flows to the expansion valve 516 through the conduit, is converted into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas state 12 through the expansion valve 516, and flows into the phase-change energy storage device 512, the cold energy in the refrigerant is absorbed and stored by the phase-change energy storage device 512, the refrigerant is heated and converted into the state 13, and flows back to the compressor 506 through the conduit, so that the temperature of the compressor 506 is reduced. The remaining refrigerant in state 11 flows directly to the phase change energy storage device 512, the phase change energy storage device 512 releases the cooling, and the refrigerant is further cooled to state 14. Then through a conduit past a solenoid valve 513 to an expansion valve 514 where the refrigerant is expanded to a low temperature, low pressure gas state 15, then through a conduit into the evaporator 502 where it exchanges heat with air, the air is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat to a raised temperature to state 16 and flows back through a conduit into the compressor 506. After air from the external environment reaches the outlet of the centrifugal fan 102, the electromagnetic valve 105 connected with the centrifugal fan is in an open state, the electromagnetic valve 103 and the electromagnetic valve 104 are in a closed state, the air flows through the electromagnetic valve 105 to the evaporator 502, the compressor 506 in the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 is in an open state at the moment, the air is cooled to a state 17 through the evaporator 502, passes through the blower 503 and reaches the phase change energy storage device 504 through a conduit to charge the phase change energy storage device 504, the air state is changed from 17 to 2, then flows to the air cooling outlet 106 through the air outlet 505, then flows into the data center machine room 3 to be heated to a state 4, the air flows from the air cooling unit inlet 108, the electromagnetic valve 109 is closed, the electromagnetic valve 107 is opened, the air flows into the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 through the electromagnetic valve 107, and the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 403 through the hot air inlet 402, the three-way valve 403 is connected with the fresh air inlet 401 and the blower 404, at the moment, an outlet leading to the blower 404 is opened, the air flows to the heat exchanger 405 to be heated to a state 5, the air flows to the heater 405 to be heated to a state 6 through a conduit, the air flows to the thermochemical reactor 407 through a conduit, the air carries away moisture in the thermochemical material, the air changes from the state 6 to a state 7 and flows to an inlet of the three-way valve 408, the three-way valve 408 is connected with the heat exchanger 405 and the heat exchanger 409, at the moment, an outlet leading to the heat exchanger 405 is opened, the air flows to the heat exchanger 405 to be cooled to a state 8, the air flows out to an inlet of the three-way valve 110 through the machine room hot air outlet 416, at the moment, an outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 111 is opened, and the air flows out of the data center room through the fresh air outlet 111.

When the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor air temperature is more than 10 ℃ and less than 30 ℃, and the temperature sensor is in a peak power running interval, the natural cold source and the thermochemical refrigerating unit are in a common cold supply mode. At this time, the system is in a fresh air mode. At this time, the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 is in a cooling release mode, external environment air flows into the three-way valve 403 from the fresh air inlet 401, the direction leading to the blower 404 is opened, the air flows through the blower 404 to the heat exchanger 405, the heat exchanger 405 is in a closed state, the air directly passes through the heat exchanger 405 to the heater 406, the heater 406 is also in a closed state, the air directly flows to the thermochemical reactor 407, the humidity of the air is greatly reduced, the temperature of the air is slightly increased to a state 19, the air flows to the three-way valve 408, the direction leading to the heat exchanger 409 is opened, the air is cooled to a state 20 at the heat exchanger 409, (the other heat exchange fluid of the heat exchanger 409 is the air from the external environment, the air enters from the air inlet 413, the air flows into the external environment from the air outlet 412 after heat exchange), the air flows to the spray heat exchanger 410, is sprayed and then cooled to the state 21, and is heated to the state 22 through heat exchange, out to the environment through the air outlet 411. After the air from the external environment reaches the outlet of the centrifugal fan 102, the electromagnetic valve 103 connected with the centrifugal fan is in an open state, the electromagnetic valve 105 and the electromagnetic valve 104 are in a closed state, the air flows through the electromagnetic valve 103 to the air inlet 415, flows to the spray heat exchanger 410 through the guide pipe to be cooled to a state 18, flows to the air-cooled outlet 106 through the air outlet 414, flows into the data center machine room 3 to be heated to a state 4, the air flows in from the air-cooled unit inlet 108, the electromagnetic valve 107 is closed, the electromagnetic valve 109 is opened, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 110 through the electromagnetic valve 109, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 111 is opened, and the air flows out of the data center machine room through the fresh air outlet 111.

And when the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor air temperature is more than 30 ℃, and the outdoor air temperature is in a low-valley electricity running interval, entering a phase change energy storage air conditioning unit cooling mode. The system is in a circulating air mode at this time. At this time, the compressor 506 in the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 is turned on, refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 502 and at the outlet of the phase change energy storage device 512 is compressed from a high-temperature low-pressure gas state 9 to a high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 10, the refrigerant in the state 10 flows from the compressor 506 to the separator 507 through a conduit, lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 506, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 508 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to a high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 11, and the refrigerant flows to the safety valve 510 through a conduit. Part of the refrigerant in the state 11 flows to the solenoid valve 515, flows to the expansion valve 516 through the conduit, is converted into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas state 12 through the expansion valve 516, and flows into the phase-change energy storage device 512, the cold energy in the refrigerant is absorbed and stored by the phase-change energy storage device 512, the refrigerant is heated and converted into the state 13, and flows back to the compressor 506 through the conduit, so that the temperature of the compressor 506 is reduced. The remaining refrigerant in state 11 flows directly to the phase change energy storage device 512, the phase change energy storage device 512 releases the cooling, and the refrigerant is further cooled to state 14. Then through a conduit past a solenoid valve 513 to an expansion valve 514 where the refrigerant is expanded to a low temperature, low pressure gas state 15, then through a conduit into the evaporator 502 where it exchanges heat with air, the air is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat to a raised temperature to state 16 and flows back through a conduit into the compressor 506. After the circulating air from the three-way valve 110 reaches the outlet of the centrifugal fan 102 through the three-way valve 101, at this time, the electromagnetic valve 105 connected with the centrifugal fan is in an open state, the electromagnetic valve 103 and the electromagnetic valve 104 are in a closed state, the air flows through the electromagnetic valve 105 to the evaporator 502, at this time, the compressor 506 in the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 is in an open state, the air is cooled to a state 17 through the evaporator 502, passes through the blower 503 and reaches the phase change energy storage device 504 through a conduit, the phase change energy storage device 504 is charged with cold, the air state is changed from 17 to 2, then the air flows through the air outlet 505 to the air-cooled outlet 106, then flows into the data center machine room 3 and is heated to a state 4, the air flows from the air-cooled unit inlet 108, at this time, the electromagnetic valve 109 is closed, the electromagnetic valve 107 is opened, the air flows into the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 through the electromagnetic valve 107, and the air flows through the machine room hot air inlet 402 to the three-way valve 403, the three-way valve 403 is connected with the fresh air inlet 401 and the blower 404, at the moment, an outlet leading to the blower 404 is opened, the air flows to the heat exchanger 405 to be heated to the state 5, the air flows to the heater 405 to be heated to the state 6 through a conduit, the air flows to the thermochemical reactor 407 through a conduit, the air carries away moisture in the thermochemical material, the air changes from the state 6 to the state 7 and flows to an inlet of the three-way valve 408, the three-way valve 408 is connected with the heat exchanger 405 and the heat exchanger 409, at the moment, an outlet leading to the heat exchanger 405 is opened, the air flows to the heat exchanger 405 to be cooled to the state 8, the air flows out to an inlet of the three-way valve 110 through a machine room hot air outlet 416, at the moment, the outlet leading to the three-way valve 101 is opened, and the air flows back to an inlet of the centrifugal fan 102 through the three-way valve 101 to be circulated.

When the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor air temperature is greater than 30 ℃, and the outdoor air temperature is in a peak electricity operation interval, the thermochemical refrigeration unit and the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit jointly perform cooling mode. At this time, the system is in a fresh air mode. At this time, the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 is in a cooling release mode, external environment air flows into the three-way valve 403 from the fresh air inlet 401, the direction leading to the blower 404 is opened, the air flows through the blower 404 to the heat exchanger 405, the heat exchanger 405 is in a closed state, the air directly passes through the heat exchanger 405 to the heater 406, the heater 406 is also in a closed state, the air directly flows to the thermochemical reactor 407, the humidity of the air is greatly reduced, the temperature of the air is slightly increased to a state 19, the air flows to the three-way valve 408, the direction leading to the heat exchanger 409 is opened, the air is cooled to a state 20 at the heat exchanger 409, (the other heat exchange fluid of the heat exchanger 409 is the air from the external environment, the air enters from the air inlet 413, the air flows into the external environment from the air outlet 412 after heat exchange), the air flows to the spray heat exchanger 410, is sprayed and then cooled to the state 21, and is heated to the state 22 through heat exchange, out to the environment through the air outlet 411. After the circulating air from the three-way valve 110 reaches the outlet of the centrifugal fan 102 through the three-way valve 101, at this time, the electromagnetic valve 103 and the electromagnetic valve 105 connected with the centrifugal fan are in an open state, the electromagnetic valve 104 is in a closed state, part of the air flows through the electromagnetic valve 103 to the air inlet 415, flows to the spray heat exchanger 410 through the guide pipe to be cooled to a state 18, then flows through the air outlet 414 to the air-cooled outlet 106, the air at the outlet of the other part of the electromagnetic valve 105 flows through the evaporator 502, at this time, the compressor 506 is closed, the air directly flows through the evaporator 502, flows through the blower 503, flows to the phase change energy storage device 504 to be cooled to a state 23, flows out from the air outlet 505 to the air-cooled outlet 106, the two air flows are mixed to a state 24, then flows into the data center machine room 3 to be heated to a state 4, the air flows in from the air-cooled unit inlet 108, at this time, the electromagnetic valve 107 is closed, the electromagnetic valve 109 is opened, air flows through the solenoid valve 109 to the inlet of the three-way valve 110, at which time the outlet to the three-way valve 101 is opened and air flows back through the three-way valve 101 to the inlet of the centrifugal fan 102 for circulation.

The liquid cooling unit 2 is in a state of continuously supplying cooling. When the circulation pump 204 is in the on state, water flows from the circulation pump 204 to the cooling tower 205, is cooled to the state 25, flows to the refrigeration unit 206, is cooled to the state 26, flows to the heat exchanger 207, is heated to the state 27, and then flows back to the circulation pump 204. Liquid from the data center room 3 flows in from the liquid inlet 201, is cooled to the state 29 from the state 28 to the heat exchanger 207, flows to the circulating pump 208 to the liquid outlet 210 and flows back to the data center room 3.

Example 2

In this embodiment, for the air cooling based data center, the thermal management system for the data center based on thermal energy storage in this patent comprises an air cooling unit 1 and a control unit 7. The specific structure of the air cooling unit 1 is shown in fig. 4, and the air cooling unit comprises a fluid circulation unit 8, a thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 and a phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5, wherein the structure of the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 is shown in fig. 5, and the structure of the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 is shown in fig. 6. The system reads the temperature value through the outdoor temperature sensor.

Example 3

In this embodiment, for an indirect liquid cooling data center, the thermal management system for a data center based on thermal energy storage in this patent includes a liquid cooling unit 2 and a control unit 7. The liquid cooling unit 2 has a specific structure shown in fig. 8, and includes a thermochemical refrigeration unit 6, a cooling liquid circulation unit 9, and a phase change energy storage thermal management liquid cooling unit 209. Wherein thermochemical refrigeration unit 6 is shown in figure 8.

The data center liquid cooling unit has two cooling modes of refrigerating unit cooling, thermochemical refrigerating unit cooling and phase change energy storage heat management liquid cooling. When in the low-ebb electricity period, the refrigerating unit cooling mode is automatically selected. At the moment, a blower 603 in the thermochemical refrigeration unit 6 is in an open state, circulating air flows to an inlet of a three-way valve 602 through the three-way valve 612, the direction leading to the blower 603 is opened, the air flows through the blower 603 to a heater 604 and is heated to a state 31 and then flows to the thermochemical reactor 605, the air is humidified and cooled to a state 32, the air flows to a heat exchanger 608, at the moment, the other flow channel of the heat exchanger 608 is closed, the air directly flows through the heat exchanger 608 to a spray heat exchanger 609, at the moment, the spray heat exchanger 609 is in a closed state, the air directly flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 612 through the spray heat exchanger 609, the three-way valve 612 is connected with an air outlet 613 and the three-way valve 602, at the moment, the direction leading to the three-way valve 602 is opened, and the air flows back to the three-way valve 602 to circulate. At this time, the circulation pump 204 is in the on state, and the water flows from the circulation pump 204 to the cooling tower 205, is cooled to the state 25, flows to the refrigeration unit 206, is cooled to the state 26, flows to the heat exchanger 207, is heated to the state 27, and then flows back to the circulation pump 204. The cooling liquid from the data center room 3 flows in from the liquid inlet 201 to the three-way valve 202, the direction to the three-way valve 203 is opened, the cooling liquid flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 203, the direction to the heat exchanger 207 is opened, the cooling liquid flows to the heat exchanger 207 and is cooled to the state 30, the cooling liquid flows to the circulating pump 208, the cooling liquid flows to the phase change energy storage device unit 209 and is heated to the state 31, and then the cooling liquid flows to the data center room from the liquid outlet 210.

When the system is in the peak electricity period, the thermochemical refrigeration unit 4 and the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit 5 automatically adopt a common cooling mode. At this time, the blower 603 in the thermochemical refrigeration unit 6 is in an on state, air from the environment flows in from the air inlet 601 to the inlet of the three-way valve 602, the direction leading to the blower 603 is opened at this time, the air flows through the blower 603 to the heater 604, the heater is in an off state, the air flows to the thermochemical reactor 605, the air is dehumidified and heated to the state 34, the air flows to the heat exchanger 608 to exchange heat with the environment air from the air inlet 607, the air is cooled to the state 35, then flows to the spray heat exchanger 609, the air is cooled to the state 36 by spraying, the air is heated to the state 37 by the cooling liquid of the data center room, and flows to the three-way valve 612, the direction leading to the air outlet 613 is opened at this time, and the air flows to the external environment through the air outlet 613. At this time, the circulation pump 204 is in an on state, water flows from the circulation pump 204 to the cooling tower 205, is cooled to the state 25, and flows to the refrigeration unit 206, at this time, the refrigeration unit is in an off state, is cooled to the state 26, flows to the heat exchanger 207, is heated to the state 27, and then flows back to the circulation pump 204. The coolant from the data center room 3 flows in from the liquid inlet 201 to the three-way valve 202, the direction to the thermochemical refrigeration unit 6 is opened, the coolant flows to the spray heat exchanger 609 through the coolant inlet 611, is cooled to the state 38, flows out to the inlet of the three-way valve 203 through the coolant outlet 610, the direction to the heat exchanger 207 is opened, the coolant flows to the heat exchanger 207, is cooled to the state 30, flows to the circulating pump 208, flows to the phase change energy storage device 209, is cooled to the state 31, and then flows to the data center room from the liquid outlet 210.

The present invention provides a data center thermal management system and method based on thermal energy storage, and a method and a means for implementing the same, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and embellishments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and embellishments should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.

Claims

1. A data center thermal management system based on thermal energy storage is characterized by comprising a fluid circulation unit (8), a phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5), a thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) and a control unit (7);

the fluid circulation unit (8) is connected with the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) and the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) and is used for conveying heat transfer fluid to a data center, and the heat transfer fluid can be one or more of air, water and cooling liquid according to the data center with different cooling modes; the fluid circulation unit (8) transmits cold energy generated by the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) and the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) to the data center to adjust the temperature of a computer room of the data center;

the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) is connected with the fluid circulation unit (8), and cools the refrigerant through electric refrigeration to provide a cold energy source for the fluid circulation unit (8);

the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) is connected with the fluid circulation unit (8), and cools the fluid through thermochemical refrigeration to provide a cold energy source for the fluid circulation unit (8);

2. The thermal energy storage based data center thermal management system of claim 1, characterized in that the fluid circulation unit (8) may have different structures for different heat transfer fluids: when the heat transfer fluid is air, the fluid circulation unit (8) comprises a fresh air inlet (100), a three-way valve (101), a centrifugal fan (102), an electromagnetic valve (103), an electromagnetic valve (104), an electromagnetic valve (105), an air cooling unit outlet (106), an air cooling unit inlet (108), an electromagnetic valve (107), an electromagnetic valve (109), a three-way valve (110) and a fresh air outlet (111);

the fresh air inlet (100) is connected with the centrifugal fan (102) and the three-way valve (110) through the three-way valve (101) and is used for introducing external fresh air;

the centrifugal fan (102) is connected with the electromagnetic valve (103), the electromagnetic valve (104) and the electromagnetic valve (105);

the electromagnetic valve (103) is sequentially connected with an air inlet (415), a spray heat exchanger (410) and an air outlet (414) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) and is connected to an air cooling outlet (106) in the fluid circulation unit (8);

the electromagnetic valve (104) is connected with the air cooling outlet (106);

the electromagnetic valve (105) is sequentially connected with an air inlet (501), an evaporator (502), a blower (503), a phase change energy storage device (504) and an air outlet (505) in the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) and is connected to an air cooling outlet (106) in the fluid circulation unit (8);

the air cooling outlet (106) is sequentially connected with the data center machine room (3) and the air cooling inlet (108);

the air cooling inlet (108) is connected with the electromagnetic valve (107) and the electromagnetic valve (109);

the electromagnetic valve (107) is sequentially connected with a machine room hot air inlet (402), a three-way valve (403), a blower (404), a heat exchanger (405), a heater (406), a thermochemical reactor (407), a three-way valve (408), a heat exchanger (405) and a machine room hot air outlet (416) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) and then connected with the three-way valve (110);

the electromagnetic valve (109) is connected with a three-way valve (110);

the three-way valve (110) is connected with the three-way valve (101) and the fresh air outlet (111), and hot air in the data center is discharged through the fresh air outlet (111);

when the heat transfer fluid is liquid, the fluid circulation unit (8) comprises a cooling tower (205), a circulation pump (204), a refrigerating unit (206), a heat exchanger (207), a three-way valve (203), a three-way valve (202), a liquid inlet (201), a circulation pump (208) and a liquid outlet (210);

the liquid inlet (201) is connected with the three-way valve (203) through the three-way valve (202), and is also sequentially connected with a cooling liquid inlet (611), a spray heat exchanger (609) and a cooling liquid outlet (610) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) through the three-way valve (202) and then connected to the three-way valve (203);

the three-way valve (203) is connected with a heat exchanger (207);

the heat exchanger (207) is sequentially connected with a circulating pump (208), a phase change energy storage device (209) and a liquid outlet (210); the inlet of the other flow channel of the heat exchanger (207) is connected with the refrigerating unit (206), and the outlet is connected with the circulating pump (204);

the circulating pump (204) is connected with a cooling tower (205);

the cooling tower (205) is connected to a refrigeration unit (206).

3. The thermal energy storage based data center thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the thermochemical refrigeration units (4) have different system configurations when refrigerating different heat transfer fluids: when the thermochemical refrigerating unit (4) is used for refrigerating air, the thermochemical refrigerating unit (4) comprises a fresh air inlet (401), a machine room hot air inlet (402), a three-way valve (403), a blower (404), a heat exchanger (405), a heater (406), a thermochemical reactor (407), a three-way valve (408), a machine room hot air outlet (416), a heat exchanger (409), a fresh air inlet (413), a fresh air outlet (412), a spraying heat exchanger (410), an air inlet (415), an air outlet (414) and a fresh air outlet (411);

the machine room hot air inlet (402) is connected with the fresh air inlet (401) and the blower (404) through a three-way valve (403) and is used for introducing hot air into the machine room;

the blower (404), the heat exchanger (405) and the heater (406) are connected in sequence through pipelines;

the heater (406) is connected with a thermochemical reactor (407) and is used for heating air so as to meet the requirement of the regeneration temperature of the thermochemical material;

the thermochemical reactor (407) is connected with the heat exchanger (405) and the heat exchanger (409) through a three-way valve (408);

the heat exchanger (405) is connected with a machine room hot air outlet (416) and can be used for recovering the waste heat of hot air in the thermochemical material regeneration process;

one end of the heat exchanger (409) is connected with the spray heat exchanger (410), the other flow channel is respectively connected with the fresh air inlet (413) and the fresh air outlet (412), and the heat exchanger can cool low-humidity air in the process of refrigerating the thermochemical materials by utilizing ambient air, so that the thermochemical refrigerating efficiency is improved;

one end of the spraying heat exchanger (410) is connected with the fresh air outlet (411), the other flow channel is respectively connected with the air inlet (415) and the air outlet (414), and low-temperature air in the thermochemical material refrigeration process can exchange heat with air in a machine room to be cooled for the data center machine room through the heat exchanger.

When a thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) is used to refrigerate a coolant, the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) comprises an air inlet (601), a three-way valve (602), a blower (603), a heater (604), a thermochemical reactor (605), a heat exchanger (608), an air inlet (607), an air outlet (608), a spray heat exchanger (609), a coolant inlet (611), a coolant outlet (610), a three-way valve (612) and an air outlet (613);

the air inlet (601) is connected with a blower (603) and a three-way valve (612) through a three-way valve (602);

the blower (603) is sequentially connected with the heater (604) and the thermochemical reactor (605);

the thermochemical reactor (605) being connected to a heat exchanger (608);

the heat exchanger (608) is connected with the spray heat exchanger (609), the inlet of the other flow passage is connected with the air inlet (607), the outlet of the other flow passage is connected with the air outlet (608), and the heat exchanger can utilize ambient air to cool low-humidity air in the process of refrigerating the thermochemical materials, so that the thermochemical refrigerating efficiency is improved;

the outlet of the spray heat exchanger (609) is connected with a three-way valve (612), the other flow channel is respectively connected with a cooling liquid inlet (611) and a cooling liquid outlet (610), and low-temperature air in the thermochemical material refrigeration process and heat transfer fluid in a machine room to be heated can be subjected to heat exchange through the heat exchanger to cool the data center machine room;

4. The thermal energy storage based data center thermal management system of claim 3, wherein the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) has different system configurations when cooling different heat transfer fluids: when the heat transfer fluid is air, the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) comprises an air inlet (501), an evaporator (502), a blower (503), a phase change energy storage device (504), an air outlet (505), a compressor (506), a separator (507), a condenser (508), a filter (509), a high-pressure valve (510), a three-way valve (511), a solenoid valve (515), an expansion valve (516), a phase change energy storage device (512), a solenoid valve (513) and an expansion valve (514);

one end of the evaporator (502) is connected with the air inlet (501), and the air is cooled through the evaporator (502); the other end of the evaporator (502) is sequentially connected with a blower (503), a phase change energy storage device (504) and an air outlet (505); the refrigerant inlet is connected with the expansion valve (514), and the refrigerant outlet is connected with the compressor (506);

the compressor (506) is connected with the separator (507), the evaporator (502) and the phase change energy storage device (512);

the separator (507) is connected with the compressor (506) and the condenser (508);

the condenser (508) is connected with the filter (509) and the high-pressure valve (510) in sequence;

the high-pressure valve (510) is connected with the electromagnetic valve (515) and the phase change energy storage device (512) through a three-way valve (511);

the electromagnetic valve (515) is connected with an expansion valve (516);

the expansion valve (516) is connected with the phase change energy storage device (512);

the outlet of the phase change energy storage device (512) is connected with an electromagnetic valve (513) and a compressor (506);

the electromagnetic valve (513) is connected with an expansion valve (514);

when the heat transfer fluid is liquid, the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) only has the functions of storing and releasing cold energy, and the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) only comprises a phase-change energy-storage device (209);

the inlet of the phase-change energy storage device (209) is connected with the circulating pump (208), and the outlet of the phase-change energy storage device (209) is connected with the liquid outlet (210).

5. The thermal energy storage based data center thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit (7) is in signal connection with a three-way valve (101), a centrifugal fan (102), a solenoid valve (103), a solenoid valve (104), a solenoid valve (105), a solenoid valve (107), a solenoid valve (109), a three-way valve (110), a three-way valve (403), a blower (404), a heater (406), a three-way valve (408), a blower (503), a compressor (506), a three-way valve (511), a solenoid valve (515), a solenoid valve (513), a refrigeration unit (206), a three-way valve (203), a three-way valve (202), a three-way valve (602), a blower (603), a heater (604) and a three-way valve (612), and is controlled by the control unit (7).

6. The thermal energy storage based data center thermal management system of claim 4, wherein the phase change energy storage device (504), the phase change energy storage device (512), the phase change energy storage device (209), the thermochemical reactor (407) and the thermochemical reactor (605) have the following characteristics;

the phase change energy storage device (504) comprises a phase change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the phase change energy storage device, low-temperature air flowing through an outlet of the evaporator (502) can be used for cooling the phase change energy storage device, and the stored cold energy can be used for cooling the passing high-temperature air; the phase change energy storage device (504) is used for storing redundant cold energy generated by refrigeration of a natural cold source and a refrigerant;

the phase-change energy storage device (512) contains a phase-change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the phase-change energy storage device (512), the refrigerant passing through the expansion valve (516) charges the phase-change energy storage device (512) for cooling, and the refrigerant passing through the expansion valve (514) is further cooled by the phase-change energy storage device (512) during cooling release; the phase change energy storage device (512) is used for storing cold energy of the refrigerant branch and further cooling the high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant of the main loop;

the phase-change energy storage device (209) comprises a phase-change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the phase-change energy storage device, the phase-change energy storage device can be charged with cold by cooling liquid at an outlet of the circulating pump (208), and the stored cold energy can be cooled by the passing cooling liquid with relatively high temperature; the phase change energy storage device (516) is used for storing redundant cold energy generated by refrigeration;

the energy storage materials in the phase change energy storage device (504), the phase change energy storage device (512) and the phase change energy storage device (209) are one of organic phase change materials, inorganic phase change materials or organic-inorganic composite phase change materials; the phase change temperature of the phase change materials in the three phase change energy storage devices is-50 to +300 ℃; the performance enhancing materials in the three phase change energy storage devices comprise carbon materials and metal materials, and the heat exchange structure comprises particles, fins, special-shaped pipelines and surface coatings; the mass ratio of the performance enhancing materials in the three phase-change energy storage devices to the phase-change materials in the heat storage unit is (0.1-50): (99.9-50);

the thermochemical reactor (407) and the thermochemical reactor (605) dehydrate and regenerate thermochemical materials through hot air of a data center machine room during energy charging, absorb water vapor through the thermochemical materials during energy releasing to obtain dry air, obtain low-temperature wet air through a spraying mode, and cool hot air or hot cooling liquid from the data center;

the thermochemical reactor (407) and the thermochemical reactor (605) contain a carrier material and a thermochemical energy storage material, wherein the thermochemical energy storage material comprises any one or a mixture of more than two of 4A zeolite, 5A zeolite, 10X zeolite, 13X zeolite, activated carbon, silica gel, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, strontium bromide, calcium nitrate, lithium chloride, aluminum phosphate, silicoaluminophosphate, a metal organic framework material and the like; the working temperature of the thermochemical energy storage material is-50 to +600 ℃;

the carrier material in the thermochemical reactor (407) and the thermochemical reactor (605) includes any one or a mixture of two or more of a carbon material, a metal oxide, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, polysaccharides, polypeptides, acrylic acid and derivatives thereof; the mass ratio of the carrier material to the thermochemical energy storage material in the thermochemical reactor is (0.1-50): (99.9-50).

7. The method of data center thermal management by the system of claim 1, wherein:

the fluid circulation unit (8) has two operation modes, namely a fresh air mode and a circulating air mode, wherein the fresh air mode can introduce fresh air to provide a cold source when the temperature of the external environment is low, and the circulating air mode can avoid introducing external high-temperature air to increase the refrigeration load; the fluid circulation unit (8) is connected with the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) and the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4), the fluid circulation unit (8) provides heat transfer fluid for the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) and the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) and transfers cold energy, and the fluid circulation unit (8) also provides a heat energy source for the regeneration of thermochemical materials in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4);

the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) is connected with the fluid circulation unit (8), and cools the passing fluid through the evaporator (502) to provide a cold energy source for the fluid circulation unit (8);

the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) is connected with the fluid circulation unit (8), and the fluid passing through the thermochemical refrigeration unit is cooled by the spray heat exchanger (410) to provide a cold energy source for the fluid circulation unit (8);

8. The method of data center thermal management by the system of claim 1, wherein:

when the heat transfer fluid is air, the data center thermal management system can realize five data center cooling operation modes: the natural cold source supplies cold, the natural cold source and the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit supply cold together, the natural cold source and the thermochemical refrigerating unit supply cold together, the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit supplies cold, and the thermochemical refrigerating unit and the phase change energy storage air conditioner supply cold together;

when the air conditioner is in a natural cold source cooling mode, external low-temperature air enters the fluid circulation unit (8) from the fresh air inlet (100) under the driving of the centrifugal fan (102), part of the air firstly enters the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) to charge the phase change energy storage device (504), part of the air directly enters a data center machine room through the electromagnetic valve (104) to cool equipment of the machine room, and the air carrying heat of the data center is discharged outwards through the fresh air outlet (111);

when the cold source and the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit are in a common cold supply mode, during off-peak electricity at the moment, external low-temperature air enters the fluid circulation unit (8) from the fresh air inlet (100) under the drive of the centrifugal fan (102), then enters the evaporator (502) in the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit (5) to be cooled, then enters the phase change energy storage device (504) to be cooled, and then enters the data center to cool the server, the air carries heat of the data center to enter the thermochemical reactor (407) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) to take away water in the thermochemical material, so that the thermochemical material is regenerated, and wet hot air is discharged outwards from the fresh air outlet (111); meanwhile, the low-temperature refrigerant passing through an expansion valve (516) in the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) enters a phase-change energy-storage device (512) and cools the phase-change energy-storage device;

when the system is in a natural cold source and thermochemical refrigeration unit common cold supply mode, at the moment, during a peak power period, external low-temperature air enters the fluid circulation unit (8) from the fresh air inlet (100) under the drive of the centrifugal fan (102), then enters the spray heat exchanger (410) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4), is cooled, then enters the data center to cool the server, and then is discharged outwards from the fresh air outlet (111);

when the system is in a phase change energy storage air conditioner cooling mode, during off-peak electricity at the moment, circulating air inside a data center enters an evaporator (502) in a phase change energy storage air conditioner unit (5) under the driving of a centrifugal fan (102) and is cooled, then enters a phase change energy storage device (504) to be cooled, and then enters the data center to cool a server, the air carrying heat of the data center enters a thermochemical reactor (407) in a thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) to take away water in the thermochemical material, so that the thermochemical material is regenerated, and wet hot air is discharged from a fresh air outlet (111) outwards; meanwhile, the low-temperature refrigerant passing through the expansion valve (516) in the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) enters the phase-change energy-storage device (512), cools the phase-change energy-storage device and returns to the compressor (506);

when the thermochemical refrigeration unit and the phase change energy storage air conditioner supply cold together, during the period of high peak power, the internal circulating air of the data center is driven by the centrifugal fan (102), part of the internal circulating air enters the spray heat exchanger (410) in the thermochemical refrigeration unit (4) and then is cooled, part of the internal circulating air enters the evaporator (502) in the phase change energy storage air conditioner unit (5) and then is cooled, and then enters the phase change energy storage device (504) to be further cooled, and then enters the data center to cool the server, and then is discharged from the fresh air outlet (111) outwards; meanwhile, the refrigerant in the phase-change energy-storage air-conditioning unit (5) is cooled when passing through the phase-change energy-storage device (512), further cooled through an expansion valve (514), and enters the evaporator (502) to exchange heat with air;

when the heat transfer fluid is liquid, the data center thermal management system can realize two data center cooling operation modes: the refrigerating unit supplies cold, the phase change energy storage air conditioning unit and the thermochemical refrigerating unit together supply cold;

when the data center is in a cooling mode of the refrigerating unit, during the off-peak electricity period, the circulating liquid in the data center enters the heat exchanger (207) in the fluid circulating unit (8) from the liquid inlet (201) under the driving of the circulating pump, is cooled by the low-temperature liquid from the refrigerating unit, then enters the phase-change energy storage device (209) and cools the phase-change energy storage device, and then enters the data center to cool the server;