CN112672615A

CN112672615A - Communication base station thermal management system and method based on thermal energy storage

Info

Publication number: CN112672615A
Application number: CN202011618161.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁玉龙; 戴思源; 赵彦琦
Original assignee: Kelvin Thermal Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Kelvin Thermal Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-31
Filing date: 2020-12-31
Publication date: 2021-04-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication base station heat management system and a method based on heat energy storage, wherein the communication base station heat management system comprises a ventilation unit, a refrigerant circulating unit, a cold storage unit and a control unit; the ventilation unit is connected with the refrigerant circulating unit and the base station equipment and is used for supplying fresh air to the communication base station, adjusting the humidity and cleanliness of air in the communication base station and providing a natural cold source when the outdoor environment temperature is low; the refrigerant circulating unit is connected with the ventilation unit and the cold storage unit, can cool the passing air and can provide a cold energy source for the cold storage unit; the cold storage unit is connected with the refrigerant circulating unit and the ventilation unit and is used for storing cold energy and providing peak cold energy requirements for the base station; the control unit is respectively in signal connection with other units, controls the ventilation unit, the refrigerant circulation unit and the cold storage unit by monitoring the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity of the base station and whether the base station is in the off-peak electricity time period, and selects the optimal cold supply mode to supply cold to the base station.

Description

Communication base station thermal management system and method based on thermal energy storage

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of thermal energy storage and management, and particularly relates to a thermal management system and method for a communication base station based on thermal energy storage.

Background

With the increasingly rapid development of the information technology industry, the operating network area of the communication industry is continuously enlarged, the user quantity is continuously increased, the energy consumption problem of the communication industry is gradually highlighted, and the energy consumption expenditure of communication equipment becomes the important cost expenditure of the industry. At present, the industry becomes the fifth worldwide energy-consuming industry, and the emission of carbon dioxide only accounts for 2.5 percent of the total emission of the world. Because the machine rooms of the base station are all totally-enclosed machine rooms, power supply equipment, transmitting equipment, transmission equipment and the like in the machine rooms are all heating bodies. Therefore, the base station air conditioner as a cooling device needs to be operated for a long period with a large load. According to statistics, the air conditioning system is the most demanding base station power consumption, and the average air conditioning power charge in each base station accounts for about 54% of the whole base station power charge. According to the statistics report of the ministry of industry and communications in China, by 3 months in 2020, the total number of mobile communication base stations in China reaches 852.3 ten thousand, wherein 551 ten thousand of 4G base stations and over 24 ten thousand of 5G base stations, the rapid increase of the number of the base stations causes the rapid increase of the electricity consumption cost of operators, and causes huge power supply pressure on local power grids, thereby influencing the reliability of electricity consumption of the base stations, and therefore, the energy conservation of the base stations becomes the most important factor in the development of 5G. When a traditional air conditioner or a compression refrigerator is used, the communication base station is only started during use, so that high electric charge is caused during peak electricity utilization periods in the daytime, and huge pressure is also caused to a power grid during the peak electricity utilization periods in high-temperature and/or low-temperature weather and the like. In addition, most of these conventional air conditioners or compression refrigerators are selected according to peak load demands, and the actual load demands are about half of the peak demands, thereby causing waste of resources.

At present, many communication base stations still use high-power fixed-frequency air conditioners, newly-built base stations adopt high-power precise variable-frequency air conditioners, the power of the newly-built base stations is selected according to peak load requirements, the power consumption is high, compressors are frequently started and stopped, and the energy consumption is high. The inverter air conditioner reduces the power consumption by reducing the starting and stopping of the compressor, but the manufacturing cost is relatively high. The phase change energy storage device can be combined with a natural cooling technology, a natural cold source is fully utilized, energy consumption is reduced, and the application of the phase change energy storage device on a communication base station is less. As a new energy storage technology, the thermochemical energy storage technology can fully utilize natural energy, realize energy charging by absorbing moisture in the air, and realize energy discharging and regeneration by waste heat of an air conditioning system and environmental heat, but no research is available for applying the thermochemical energy storage technology to a communication base station. Because the existing communication base station refrigeration mode has high energy consumption and the phase change energy storage technology and the thermochemical energy storage technology have good application prospects in the aspect of cooling of the communication base station, a base station thermal management technology for generating, storing and supplying the cold collection energy, which combines the phase change energy storage and the thermochemical energy storage, has high energy storage density, high resource and energy utilization efficiency, high energy efficiency ratio and low system cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a communication base station cooling technology and system based on thermochemistry and phase change energy storage and integrating cold energy generation and storage.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a communication base station thermal management system based on thermal energy storage comprises a ventilation unit, a refrigerant circulating unit, a cold storage unit and a control unit;

the ventilation unit is connected with the refrigerant circulation unit and the cold storage unit and is used for supplying fresh air to the communication base station, adjusting the humidity and the cleanliness of the air in the communication base station, providing air with proper humidity and cleanliness for the base station and simultaneously providing a natural cold source when the environmental temperature is lower;

the refrigerant circulating unit is connected with the ventilation unit and the cold storage unit, and cools the refrigerant through electric refrigeration and thermochemical refrigeration to provide a cold energy source for the cold storage unit;

the cold storage unit is connected with the refrigerant circulating unit and the ventilation unit and is used for storing cold energy and providing peak cold energy demand for the base station when the base station has higher cold supply demand and is positioned in a flat section and a peak electricity price interval;

the control unit is respectively in signal connection with the ventilation unit, the refrigerant circulating unit and the cold storage unit, controls the ventilation unit, the refrigerant circulating unit and the cold storage unit by monitoring the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity of the base station and during power utilization, and selects an optimal cold supply mode to supply cold to the base station.

Specifically, the ventilation unit comprises a fresh air inlet, a filter, a first three-way valve, a humidifier, a dehumidifier, a reheater, a blower, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, a fourth three-way valve, a circulating air inlet, a circulating air outlet, a circulating air inlet and a fresh air outlet;

the fresh air inlet is connected with the filter and is used for introducing external fresh air;

the filter is connected with the humidifier and the fourth three-way valve through the first three-way valve and is used for filtering dust and impurities in fresh air, improving air cleanliness and ensuring reliable operation of electronic devices in the base station;

the humidifier is connected with the dehumidifier and is used for humidity regulation, including the step of humidifying air when the air humidity is lower, so that the risk of damage of an electronic device due to static electricity is reduced;

the dehumidifier is connected with the third three-way valve and the evaporator in the refrigerant circulating unit through the second three-way valve, and the dehumidifier is a condensation type or rotating wheel type dehumidifier and is used for humidity regulation and control and comprises the step of drying air when the air humidity is higher;

an evaporator in the refrigerant circulating unit is connected with a first phase change energy storage device in the cold storage unit and is used for cooling air entering the evaporator by evaporating the refrigerant in the refrigerant system in the evaporator, so that a cold source is provided for phase change cold storage;

a first phase change energy storage device in the cold storage unit is connected with the reheater and the second three-way valve through a third three-way valve;

the reheater is connected with the blower and used for heating the supercooled air and precisely regulating and controlling the air outlet temperature;

the air blower is connected with the circulating air outlet and is used for maintaining the air to flow in the guide pipe;

the circulating air outlet is connected with the base station indoor;

the base station chamber is connected with a circulating air inlet;

the circulating air inlet is connected with the fresh air outlet and the first three-way valve through a fourth three-way valve, and hot air coming out of a base station room of the base station equipment is guided back to the pipeline;

the fresh air outlet is used for discharging hot air in the base station;

specifically, the cold storage unit comprises a first phase change energy storage device, a second phase change energy storage device, a third phase change energy storage device and a thermochemical device;

one end of the first phase change energy storage device is connected with the refrigerant circulating unit, and the other end of the first phase change energy storage device is connected with the reheater through a third three-way valve;

the second phase change energy storage device, the third phase change energy storage device and the thermochemical device are connected with the refrigerant circulating unit, and cold energy is supplemented and released through the refrigerant circulating unit.

Specifically, the refrigerant circulation unit includes an evaporator, a compressor, a separator, a condenser, a fifth three-way valve, a sixth three-way valve, a safety valve, a first solenoid valve, a first expansion valve, a second solenoid valve, a second expansion valve;

an air inlet at one end of the evaporator is connected with a second three-way valve, air introduced into the ventilation unit is cooled through the evaporator, an air outlet is connected with the first phase change energy storage device, a refrigerant inlet of the evaporator is connected with the second phase change energy storage device in the cold storage unit, and a refrigerant outlet is connected with the compressor;

the compressor is connected with the separator, the evaporator and the third phase-change energy storage device and is used for compressing the high-temperature low-pressure refrigerant into the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant.

The separator is connected with the compressor and the condenser and is used for separating compressor lubricating oil in the refrigerant and recycling the compressor lubricating oil into the compressor.

The condenser is connected with a thermochemical device in the cold storage unit and the sixth three-way valve through the fifth three-way valve and used for cooling the refrigerant in various cooling modes, including air cooling, water cooling, glycol cooling, evaporation cooling and the like, and the refrigerant is changed into high-temperature high-pressure liquid from high-temperature high-pressure gas.

And an outlet of a thermochemical device in the cold storage unit is connected with the safety valve through a sixth three-way valve.

The safety valve is connected with the first electromagnetic valve and the third phase-change energy storage device and is used for automatically releasing pressure when the system pressure exceeds a set value so as to protect other elements of the pipeline from being damaged by overpressure.

The first electromagnetic valve is connected with the first expansion valve and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the refrigerant branch and controlling the flow of the refrigerant in the branch.

And the first expansion valve is connected with a third phase-change energy storage device in the cold storage unit and is used for expanding, decompressing and cooling the refrigerant.

And the second expansion valve is connected with a second phase change energy storage device in the cold storage unit and is used for expanding, decompressing and cooling the refrigerant.

The evaporator is connected with the compressor and used for cooling air in the ventilation unit through evaporation and heating of the refrigerant.

In some embodiments, the refrigerant cycle unit may not include the first expansion valve and the first solenoid valve, the cold storage unit may not include the third phase-change energy storage device, the relief valve may be directly connected to the second solenoid valve, and the compressor may be connected only to the separator and the evaporator.

In some embodiments, the cold storage unit may not include the first phase change energy storage device, and the evaporator may be directly connected to the reheater.

In some embodiments, the cold storage unit may not include a second phase change energy storage device, and the second expansion valve may be directly connected to the evaporator.

In certain embodiments, the cold storage unit may not include a thermo-chemical device, and the condenser in the refrigerant circulation unit may be directly connected to a safety valve.

Specifically, the control unit is in signal connection with a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, a fourth three-way valve, a compressor, a first electromagnetic valve, a second electromagnetic valve, a sixth three-way valve and a fifth three-way valve respectively, and is controlled by the control unit.

Further, the present invention also provides a method for the system to perform thermal management of the communication base station, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

the ventilation unit has two operation modes, namely a fresh air mode and a circulating air mode, wherein the fresh air mode can introduce fresh air to provide a cold source when the temperature of an external environment is low, and the circulating air mode can avoid introducing external high-temperature air to increase the refrigeration load; the ventilation unit is connected with the refrigerant circulating unit, adjusts the humidity and the cleanliness of air in the communication base station through a filter, a humidifier and a dehumidifier, and provides air with proper humidity and cleanliness for the refrigerant circulating unit to transfer cold energy;

the refrigerant circulating unit is connected with the cold storage unit, the condenser is used for cooling the passing liquid refrigerant to provide a cold energy source for the phase change energy storage device in the cold storage unit, and the evaporator is used for cooling the passing air to provide a cold energy source for the phase change energy storage device in the cold storage unit;

the cold storage unit is connected with the refrigerant circulation unit and the ventilation unit, the cold storage unit comprises a phase change energy storage device and a thermochemical device and is used for storing cold energy, when the base station has high cold supply requirements and is positioned in a flat section and a peak electricity price interval, the phase change energy storage device and the thermochemical device perform cold release in a mode of cooling the refrigerant in the passing refrigerant circulation unit, and the phase change energy storage device performs cold release in a mode of cooling the air in the passing ventilation unit, so that the base station is provided with the peak cold energy requirement;

the control unit is in signal connection with the ventilation unit, the refrigerant circulating unit and the cold storage unit, controls the ventilation unit, the refrigerant circulating unit and the cold storage unit by monitoring the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity of the base station and judging whether the base station is in a valley power utilization period, and selects a cold supply mode of the base station.

Further, the refrigerant circulation unit and the cold storage unit can realize cold supply in three base station cold supply operation modes: natural air cooling, refrigerant circulation cooling and simultaneous cooling of the refrigerant circulation and cold storage units;

when the base station is in the natural air cooling mode, external low-temperature air enters a filter, a humidifier and a dehumidifier in the ventilation unit through an external air inlet under the driving of the fan to adjust the humidity and the cleanliness, then enters the base station room to cool the base station equipment, and the air carrying heat in the base station is discharged outdoors through a fresh air outlet;

when the refrigerant is used for circulating cooling, circulating air in the machine room sequentially enters a filter, a humidifier and a dehumidifier in the ventilation unit under the driving of a fan to adjust the humidity and the cleanliness, then enters an evaporator in the refrigerant circulation unit to be cooled, and then enters a base station room to cool base station equipment, and the air carrying heat in the base station returns to the ventilation unit through a circulating air inlet;

when the refrigerant circulation and the cold storage supply cold simultaneously, the phase change energy storage device and the thermochemical device in the cold storage unit release cold to cool the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation unit, the refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator to provide cold energy, meanwhile, circulating air in the machine room sequentially enters the filter, the humidifier and the dehumidifier in the ventilation unit to adjust the humidity and the cleanliness under the drive of the fan, then enters the evaporator in the refrigerant circulation unit to be cooled, then enters the phase change energy storage device in the cold storage unit to be further cooled, and then enters the base station room to cool the base station equipment, and finally the air carries heat in the base station and returns to the ventilation unit through the circulating air inlet.

Preferably, the first phase-change energy storage device comprises a phase-change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the first phase-change energy storage device, low-temperature air flowing through an outlet of the evaporator can be used for cooling the phase-change energy storage device, and the stored cold energy can be used for cooling passing high-temperature air; the first phase change energy storage device is used for storing redundant cold energy generated by natural air cooling and refrigerant refrigeration;

the second phase change energy storage device comprises a phase change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the second phase change energy storage device, the low-temperature refrigerant passing through the outlet of the second expansion valve can be used for cooling the phase change energy storage device, and the stored cold energy can be used for cooling the passing refrigerant with relatively high temperature; the second phase change energy storage device is used for storing redundant cold energy generated by refrigeration of the refrigerant;

the third phase-change energy storage device internally comprises a phase-change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, and is internally provided with a heat exchange structure, the refrigerant passing through the first expansion valve charges the third phase-change energy storage device for cooling, and the third phase-change energy storage device further cools the refrigerant passing through the second expansion valve during cooling; the third phase-change energy storage device is used for storing cold energy of the refrigerant branch and further cooling the high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant of the main loop.

Preferably, the energy storage material in the first phase change energy storage device, the second phase change energy storage device and the third phase change energy storage device is one of an organic phase change material, an inorganic phase change material or an organic-inorganic composite phase change material; the phase change temperature of the phase change materials in the three phase change energy storage devices is-50 to +300 ℃; the performance enhancing materials in the three phase-change energy storage devices comprise carbon materials (graphite, graphene, expanded graphite, carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes) and metal materials (aluminum and copper), and the heat exchange structure comprises particles, fins, special-shaped pipelines and surface coatings; the mass ratio of the performance enhancing materials in the three phase-change energy storage devices to the phase-change materials in the heat storage unit is (0.1-50): (99.9-50).

Preferably, the thermochemical device comprises a performance enhancing material and a thermochemical energy storage material, wherein the thermochemical energy storage material comprises any one or a mixture of more than two of 4A zeolite, 5A zeolite, 10X zeolite, 13X zeolite, activated carbon, silica gel, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, strontium bromide and a metal-organic framework material; the working temperature of the thermochemical energy storage material is-50 to +600 ℃;

the performance enhancing material in the thermochemical device comprises any one or a mixture of more than two of carbon materials (graphite, graphene, expanded graphite, carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes), metal materials (aluminum, copper and nickel), metal oxides (copper oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and manganese iron oxide), diatomite, vermiculite, polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, chitosan and the like), polypeptides (collagen, poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamic acid), acrylic acid and derivatives thereof (polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylamide and poly-N-polyacrylamide); the mass ratio of the performance enhancing material to the thermochemical energy storage material in the thermochemical device is (0.1-50): (99.9-50); the thermochemical energy storage material in the thermochemical device absorbs moisture in the air at night to realize cold charging of the thermochemical material, and the thermochemical material reduces the temperature of the refrigerant by absorbing heat released by the refrigerant and environmental heat during the day, so that the power consumption of the refrigerant circulating unit is reduced, and in the process, the thermochemical energy storage material desorbs absorbed water to realize regeneration.

Has the advantages that:

the communication base station heat management system generates cold energy for storage by the refrigerant circulating unit during the low-ebb electricity period through the cold storage unit, releases the cold energy during the peak and flat electricity periods to realize peak clipping and valley filling, introduces natural cold energy through the fresh air mode of the ventilation unit, reduces the electric energy use efficiency (PUE) of the communication base station air conditioning system, and realizes high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption base station cooling. The system can fully utilize natural cold source, reduce electric energy consumption and reduce carbon emission. Meanwhile, cold energy can be stored through the cold storage unit, and the operation cost can be further reduced by utilizing peak-valley electricity prices.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system of a communication base station based on thermal energy storage according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system of a communication base station based on thermal energy storage according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the overall thermal management system of the communication base station based on thermal energy storage according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a control schematic diagram of the thermal management system of the communication base station based on thermal energy storage according to the invention.

Fig. 5 is a cooling control logic diagram of the thermal management system of the communication base station based on thermal energy storage according to the invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling unit in the thermal management system of the communication base station in embodiment 1.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling unit in the thermal management system of the communication base station in embodiment 2.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling unit in the thermal management system of the communication base station in embodiment 3.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling unit in the thermal management system of the communication base station in embodiment 4.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling unit in the thermal management system of the communication base station in embodiment 5.

Fig. 11 is a result of comparing the average cooling energy consumption per season of the Aspen simulation performed at four urban communication base stations in example 2 with the original scheme.

Fig. 12 shows the comparison result between the average cooling cost per season of the example 2 in which Aspen simulation is performed at four urban communication base stations and the original scheme.

Fig. 13 is a result of comparing the annual average energy saving effect and the electricity charge saving effect of the Aspen simulation performed at four urban communication base stations with the original scheme in example 2.

Detailed Description

The invention will be better understood from the following examples.

The structures, proportions, and dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for understanding and reading the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined in the claims, and are not essential to the skilled in the art. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear" and "middle" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the relative positions may be changed or adjusted without substantial technical changes.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the communication base station thermal management system based on thermal energy storage comprises a ventilation unit 200, a refrigerant circulation unit 201, a cold storage unit 202 and a control unit 203. The refrigerant circulation unit 201 and the cold storage unit 202 constitute the refrigeration unit 100.

The ventilation unit 200 is connected to the refrigerant circulation unit 201 and the cold storage unit 202, and is configured to supply fresh air to the communication base station, adjust the humidity and cleanliness of air in the communication base station, provide air with appropriate humidity and cleanliness indoors in the base station, and provide a cold source at a low ambient temperature.

The refrigerant circulation unit 201 has one end connected to the ventilation unit 200 and the other end connected to the cold storage unit 202, and cools the refrigerant by electric refrigeration and thermal chemical refrigeration to provide a source of cold energy for the cold storage unit 202.

The cold storage unit 202 has one end connected to the refrigerant circulation unit 201 and the other end connected to the ventilation unit 200, for storing cold energy, when the base station has a high cold supply demand, and when it is in the flat section and the peak electricity price section, it provides the peak cold energy demand for the base station.

The control unit 203 is respectively in signal connection with the ventilation unit 200, the refrigerant circulation unit 201 and the cold storage unit 202, controls the ventilation unit 200, the refrigerant circulation unit 201 and the cold storage unit 202 by monitoring the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity of the base station and whether the base station is in the valley power utilization period, and selects a proper cold supply mode to supply cold to the base station.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the ventilation unit 200 includes a fresh air inlet 1, a filter 2, a first three-way valve 3, a humidifier 4, a dehumidifier 5, a reheater 6, a blower 7, a second three-way valve 104, a third three-way valve 105, a fourth three-way valve 102, a circulating air inlet 10, a circulating air outlet 8, a circulating air inlet 10, and a fresh air outlet 11; the fresh air inlet 1 is connected with the filter 2 and is used for introducing external fresh air; the filter 2 is connected with a first three-way valve 3; the first three-way valve 3, the humidifier 4, the dehumidifier 5, the second three-way valve 104, the third three-way valve 105, the reheater 6, the blower 7, the circulating air outlet 8, the circulating air inlet 10 and the fourth three-way valve 102 are sequentially connected through a circulating pipeline; one end of the base station indoor 9 is connected with a circulating air outlet 8, and cold air is blown into the base station indoor 9 through the circulating air outlet 8; the other end of the base station indoor 9 is connected with a circulating air inlet 10, and air from the base station indoor 9 is reintroduced into the circulating pipeline through a fourth three-way valve 102; the second three-way valve 104 and the third three-way valve 105 are connected with the refrigerant circulating unit 201 and the cold storage unit 202, fresh air introduced from the fresh air inlet 1 enters the refrigerant circulating unit 201 and the cold storage unit 202 through the second three-way valve 104 to be cooled, and then enters the ventilation unit 200 again through the third three-way valve 105 to cool the base station indoor 9; the fourth three-way valve 102 is connected with the fresh air outlet 11, and hot air coming out of the base station room 9 is discharged through the fresh air outlet 11.

The cold storage unit 202 comprises a first phase change energy storage device 13, a second phase change energy storage device 103, a third phase change energy storage device 16 and a thermochemical device 22; one end of the first phase change energy storage device 13 is connected with the refrigerant circulation unit 201, and the other end is connected with the reheater 6 through a third three-way valve 105; the second phase change energy storage device 103, the third phase change energy storage device 16, and the thermochemical device 22 are connected to the refrigerant circulation unit 201, and the refrigerant circulation unit 201 supplements and releases cold energy.

The refrigerant circulation unit 201 includes an evaporator 12, a compressor 24, a separator 23, a condenser 101, a fifth three-way valve 21, a sixth three-way valve 20, a relief valve 19, a first solenoid valve 18, a first expansion valve 17, a second solenoid valve 15, a second expansion valve 14; an air inlet at one end of the evaporator 12 is connected with the second three-way valve 104, air introduced into the ventilation unit 200 is cooled through the evaporator 12, and an air outlet is respectively connected with the first phase change energy storage device 13 and the third three-way valve 105; the compressor 24 is connected with the separator 23, the evaporator 12 and the third phase-change energy storage device 16; the separator 23 is connected with a compressor 24 and a condenser 101; the condenser 101 is connected with a thermochemical device 22 and a sixth three-way valve 20 in the cold storage unit by a fifth three-way valve 21; the outlet of the thermochemical apparatus 22 in the cold storage unit 202 is connected to the safety valve 19 by a sixth three-way valve 20; the safety valve 19 is connected with the first electromagnetic valve 18 and the third phase-change energy storage device 16; the first electromagnetic valve 18 is connected with the first expansion valve 17; the first expansion valve 17 is connected with the third phase-change energy storage device 16 in the cold storage unit 202; the second expansion valve 14 is connected to the second phase change energy storage device 103 in the cold storage unit 202.

The control unit 203 is in signal connection with the first three-way valve 3, the second three-way valve 104, the third three-way valve 105, the fourth three-way valve 102, the compressor 24, the first solenoid valve 18, the second solenoid valve 15, the sixth three-way valve 20, and the fifth three-way valve 21, and is controlled by the control unit 203.

Fig. 5 is a logic diagram of cooling control of the thermal management system of the communication base station based on thermal energy storage according to the present invention. Firstly, judging whether the temperature is less than the maximum value of the environmental temperature requirement in the base station according to the current outdoor temperature information, if the temperature meets the requirement, adopting a natural air cooling system cooling mode, if the temperature does not meet the requirement, introducing outdoor fresh air but adopting a circulating air mode, then judging whether the temperature is in the period of off-peak electricity utilization, if the temperature is in the off-peak electricity interval, adopting a refrigerant circulating unit cooling mode to charge a cold storage unit, and if the temperature is not in the off-peak electricity interval, adopting a refrigerant circulating unit and a cold storage unit to simultaneously supply cold, and performing cold release by the cold storage unit.

In the following embodiment, the main structure of the first phase change energy storage device is an energy storage type heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is composed of various fins, an air pipeline and a shell. Air flows through the air pipeline, and a phase change energy storage material and performance enhancing material mixture is filled between the outside of the air pipeline and the shell.

The main structure of the second phase change energy storage device is an energy storage type heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger consists of various fins, fluid pipelines and a shell. Refrigerant circulates in the fluid pipeline, and a mixture of the phase change energy storage material and the performance enhancing material is filled between the exterior of the fluid pipeline and the shell.

The main structure of the third phase-change energy storage device is an energy storage type heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger consists of various fins, two heat exchange fluid pipelines and a shell. Refrigerant flows through the two heat exchange fluid pipelines, and a mixture of a phase change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material is filled between the exterior of the two heat exchange fluid pipelines and the shell.

The main structure of the thermochemical device is an energy storage type heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger consists of various fins, heat exchange fluid pipelines and a shell. Refrigerant circulates in the heat exchange fluid pipeline, and a mixture of thermochemical materials and performance enhancing materials is filled between the exterior of the heat exchange fluid pipeline and the shell.

Example 1

In the present embodiment, the thermal management system of the communication base station based on thermal energy storage includes a ventilation unit 200, a cooling unit 100, and a control unit 203, wherein the structure of the ventilation unit 200 is shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 6, in the refrigeration unit 100, the cold storage unit 202 includes the first phase change energy storage device 13, the second phase change energy storage device 103, the third phase change energy storage device 16, and the thermochemical device 22. When the communication base station has a refrigerating requirement, the blower 7 starts to work, and the temperature value is read through the outdoor temperature sensor.

The base station ventilation unit has two working modes of internal circulation air and fresh air. If the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor air temperature is higher than 28 ℃, the internal circulation air mode is automatically adopted, and air enters from the circulation air inlet 10 and reaches the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the conduit. The three-way valve 102 has two outlets, which are connected to the fresh air outlet 11 and the three-way valve 3, respectively, via conduits. The outlet to the three-way valve 3 is now open and air in state 1 passes through the conduit to the inlet of the three-way valve 3. The three-way valve 3 has two outlets connected to the filter 2 and the humidifier 4 by conduits, respectively. At this time, an outlet of the humidifier 4 is opened, the air in the state 1 reaches an inlet of the humidifier through a conduit, the humidity of the air is read through a humidity sensor of the humidifier 4, if the relative humidity is less than 20%, the humidifier 4 humidifies the air in the state 1 to the state 2, if the relative humidity meets the requirement, the humidifier 4 does not work, and the air directly passes through the inlet of the dehumidifier 5. If the relative humidity of the air read by the humidity sensor is greater than 80%, the dehumidifier 5 dehumidifies the air in the state 1 to the state 3, and if the relative humidity meets the requirement, the dehumidifier 5 does not work, and the air directly passes through an inlet of the three-way valve 104. If the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor temperature is lower than 28 ℃, the refrigerating system is in a fresh air mode, air in a state 4 enters from a fresh air inlet 1 and reaches a filter 2 through a guide pipe, and the filtered air reaches an inlet of a three-way valve 3 through the guide pipe. The three-way valve 3 has two outlets connected to the three-way valve 102 and the humidifier 4, respectively, by conduits. At this time, the outlet of the humidifier 4 is opened, the air in the state 4 reaches the inlet of the humidifier through the conduit, the humidity of the air is read by the humidity sensor of the humidifier 4, if the relative humidity is less than 20%, the humidifier 4 humidifies the air in the state 4 to the state 2, if the relative humidity meets the requirement, the humidifier 4 does not work, and the air directly passes through the inlet of the dehumidifier 5. If the relative humidity of the air read by the humidity sensor is greater than 80%, the dehumidifier 5 dehumidifies the air in the state 4 to the state 3, and if the relative humidity meets the requirement, the dehumidifier 5 does not work, and the air directly passes through an inlet of the three-way valve 104.

The base station cooling has three cooling modes of natural air cooling, refrigerant circulation cooling and simultaneous cooling of the refrigerant circulation and cold storage units. If the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor temperature is less than 28 ℃, the mode is automatically switched to a natural air cooling mode, and the ventilation mode is in a fresh air mode. After filtering and humidification or dehumidification, the air reaches the three-way valve 104 and then the inlet of the reheater 6 via the three-way valve 105. When air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to a state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, the air flows into the communication base station room and is heated to a state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, at the moment, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

When the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor air temperature is higher than 28 ℃, and the outdoor air temperature is in the valley electricity operation interval, the refrigerant cycle cooling mode is started. The system is now in an internal circulation wind mode. The compressor 24 is started to compress the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 12 and the outlet of the third phase-change energy storage device 16 from a high-temperature low-pressure gas state 7 to a high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 8, the refrigerant in the state 8 flows into the separator 23 from the compressor 24 through a conduit, lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 24, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 101 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to a high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 9, and the refrigerant reaches the inlet of the three-way valve 21 through a conduit. The three-way valve 21 has two outlets connected to the three-way valve 20 and the thermochemical apparatus 22 by conduits, respectively. At night, the thermochemical apparatus 22 is in a low humidity state, and absorbs humidity from the outside air to charge energy. The outlet to the three-way valve 20 is opened and the refrigerant flows directly to the inlet of the three-way valve 20. The refrigerant flows through the three-way valve 20 to the relief valve 19 through a conduit. Part of the refrigerant in the state 9 flows to the solenoid valve 18, flows to the expansion valve 17 through the conduit, is converted into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas state 10 through the expansion valve 17, and flows into the third phase-change energy storage device 16, the cold energy in the refrigerant is absorbed and stored by the third phase-change energy storage device 16, the refrigerant is heated and converted into the state 11, and flows back to the compressor 24 through the conduit, so that the temperature of the compressor 24 is reduced. The remaining refrigerant in state 9 flows directly to the third phase change energy storage device 16, the third phase change energy storage device 16 releases the cooling, and the refrigerant is further cooled to state 12. Then flows through the solenoid valve 15 to the expansion valve 14 through a conduit where the refrigerant expands to change to a low temperature and pressure gas state 13, flows through a conduit into the second phase change energy storage device 103 where the refrigerant charges the second phase change energy storage device 103, the refrigerant changes to a state 14, then flows through a conduit into the evaporator 12 to exchange heat with air, the air is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat to heat up to a state 15 and flows back into the compressor 24 through a conduit. The evaporator 12 is connected to the first phase change energy storage device 13, and when the air passes through the first phase change energy storage device 13, the temperature of the energy storage device is higher, and the air transfers a part of the cold energy stored in the first phase change energy storage device 13 to the state 16. The first phase change energy storage device 13 is connected with the reheater 6, when air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to the state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, and at the moment, the air in the state 5 refrigerates the communication base station. The air flows into the room and is heated to the state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

When the power supply is in the peak power interval, a refrigerant circulation cooling mode and a refrigerant circulation and cold storage unit simultaneous cooling mode are entered. The compressor 24 is started to compress the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 12 and the outlet of the third phase-change energy storage device 16 from a high-temperature low-pressure gas state 7 to a high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 8, the refrigerant in the state 8 flows into the separator 23 from the compressor 24 through a conduit, lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 24, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 101 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to a high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 9, and the refrigerant reaches the inlet of the three-way valve 21 through a conduit. The three-way valve 21 has two outlets connected to the three-way valve 20 and the thermochemical apparatus 22 by conduits, respectively. Now in daylight and the thermo-chemical device 22 is fully charged in a high humidity state, where the outlet to the thermo-chemical device 22 is open, the refrigerant is cooled at the thermo-chemical device 22 to state 17, flowing through the conduit to the inlet of the three-way valve 20. The refrigerant flows through the three-way valve 20 to the relief valve 19 through a conduit. At this time, at peak power, the passage of the solenoid valve 18 to the expansion valve 17 is closed or at a small flow rate, and the refrigerant in state 9 flows through the phase change material heat exchanger 16, and is charged with the phase change material in a low temperature state to be further cooled to state 18. Then flows through the solenoid valve 15 to the expansion valve 14 through a conduit where the refrigerant expands to change to a low temperature and pressure gas state 13, flows through a conduit to the second phase change energy storage device 103 where the refrigerant exchanges heat with the second phase change energy storage device 103 at a lower temperature after charging, cools to state 19, then flows through a conduit to the evaporator 12 to exchange heat with air, the air is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat and warms up to state 15 and flows back into the compressor 24 through a conduit. The evaporator 12 is connected to the first phase change energy storage device 13, and when the air passes through the first phase change energy storage device 13, the first phase change energy storage device 13 is at a lower temperature after the air is completely charged, and the first phase change energy storage device 13 further cools the air to a state 20. The first phase change energy storage device 13 is connected with the reheater 6, when air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to the state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, and at the moment, the air in the state 5 refrigerates the communication base station. The air flows into the room and is heated to the state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

Example 2

In the present embodiment, the thermal management system of the communication base station based on thermal energy storage includes a ventilation unit 200, a cooling unit 100, and a control unit 203, wherein the structure of the ventilation unit 200 is shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 7, the refrigerant circulation unit 201 and the cold storage unit 202 constitute the refrigeration unit 100 including one type of the phase change energy storage device 13. When the communication base station has a refrigerating requirement, the blower 7 starts to work, and the temperature value is read through the outdoor temperature sensor.

When the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor air temperature is higher than 28 ℃, and the outdoor air temperature is in the valley electricity operation interval, the refrigerant cycle cooling mode is started. The system is now in an internal circulation wind mode. The compressor 24 is turned on to compress the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 12 from the high-temperature low-pressure gas state 7 to the high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 8, the refrigerant in the state 8 flows from the compressor 24 to the separator 23 through a conduit, the lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 24, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 101 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to the high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 9, and the refrigerant flows to the safety valve 19 through a conduit. Refrigerant in state 9 passes through a conduit through solenoid valve 15 to expansion valve 14 where it expands to transition to a low temperature, low pressure gas state 13, then flows through a conduit into evaporator 12 for heat exchange with air, which is cooled, absorbs heat, rises to state 15 and flows back through a conduit into compressor 24. The evaporator 12 is connected to the phase change energy storage device 13, and when the air passes through the phase change energy storage device 13, the temperature of the energy storage device is higher, and the air transfers a part of the cold energy stored in the phase change energy storage device 13 to the state 16. The phase change energy storage device 13 is connected with the reheater 6, when air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to the state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, and at the moment, the air in the state 5 refrigerates the communication base station. The air flows into the room and is heated to the state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

When the peak power interval is reached, the cooling mode of the refrigerant circulation and the cooling storage unit are entered. The compressor 24 is turned on to compress the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 12 from the high temperature and low pressure gas state 7 to the high temperature and high pressure liquid state 8, the refrigerant in the state 8 flows from the compressor 24 to the separator 23 through a conduit, the lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 24, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 101 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to the high temperature and high pressure liquid state 9, the refrigerant flows through a conduit to the solenoid valve 15 to the expansion valve 14 where the refrigerant is expanded to the low temperature and low pressure gas state 13, and then the refrigerant flows into the evaporator 12 through a conduit to exchange heat with air, the air is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat to be heated to the state 15 and flows back to the compressor 24 through a conduit. The evaporator 12 is connected to the phase change energy storage device 13, and when the air passes through the phase change energy storage device 13, the energy storage device 13 is at a lower temperature after the energy is completely charged, and the phase change energy storage device 13 further cools the air to a state 20. The phase change energy storage device 13 is connected with the reheater 6, when air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to the state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, and at the moment, the air in the state 5 refrigerates the communication base station. The air flows into the room and is heated to the state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

Fig. 11, 12 and 13 show the results of Aspen simulation of a refrigeration system according to example 2 of the present invention operating in four cities of beijing, hangzhou, harbourine and guangzhou for one year. According to the climate regions of Chinese buildings, Harbin, Beijing, Hangzhou and Guangzhou are respectively selected as typical cities of severe cold regions, cold regions in winter in summer and warm regions in winter in summer, the indoor area of a base station is commonly 25 square meters, and the wall bodies of the base station are selected from wall bodies such as 370 mm brick walls, 240 mm brick walls, 50 mm color steel plates, 100 mm color steel plates and the like. Since there is no refrigeration requirement in each city base station in winter, it is not listed in the chart.

The results in fig. 11 show that, in spring, the base station thermal management system of the present invention has significant energy saving effect when operating in four city base stations, and the refrigeration energy consumption is reduced by over 80%, wherein the refrigeration energy consumption of the harbin base station is reduced by 97.66%. In summer, the energy saving percentages of the Harbin in Hangzhou state of Beijing in three cities except Guangzhou are 17.83%, 21.65% and 29.88%, respectively, and the natural air cooling can hardly be used for refrigerating the base station in Guangzhou due to the extremely high temperature in summer, so that the energy saving effect is common. For autumn, the base station heat management system has remarkable energy-saving effect on Harbin in Hangzhou Beijing, reaches 89.47%, 100% and 86.42%, and saves refrigeration energy consumption by 19.78% even in Guangzhou with relatively high air temperature.

The results in fig. 12 show that the results of the percentage of electricity cost saving are similar to the results of the percentage of energy saving, since a large part of the electricity cost saving is caused by energy saving. For spring, the base station heat management system saves more than 75% of the electricity charge when operating in four urban base stations. For summer, the percentage of electricity cost saved by the heat management system of the base station in Harbin of Hangzhou state of Beijing in three cities except Guangzhou is 16.15%, 21.77% and 29.88% respectively. For autumn, the base station heat management system has remarkable effect of saving the electric charge on Harbin in Hangzhou Beijing, reaches 92.13%, 100% and 86.43%, and for Guangzhou, the percentage of saving the electric charge is 27.08%, which is greatly improved compared with 19.78% of energy saving percentage in autumn in Guangzhou, mainly because the phase change energy storage device can be charged and cooled at off-peak electricity.

The results in fig. 13 show that the invention has better energy saving and electric charge cost saving benefits in beijing, hangzhou, harbin and guangzhou, wherein the annual average energy saving effect and electric charge cost saving effect of harbin is as high as 58.97% and 58.97%, and even in guangzhou, the annual average energy saving effect and electric charge cost saving effect of harbin is as high as 30.29% and 26.53%.

Example 3

In the present embodiment, the thermal management system of the communication base station based on thermal energy storage includes a ventilation unit 200, a cooling unit 100, and a control unit 203, wherein the structure of the ventilation unit 200 is shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 8, the refrigerant circulation unit 201 and the cold storage unit 202 constitute the refrigerating unit 100 mainly including a thermochemical apparatus 22. When the communication base station has a refrigerating requirement, the blower 7 starts to work, and the temperature value is read through the outdoor temperature sensor.

When the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor air temperature is higher than 28 ℃, and the outdoor air temperature is in the valley electricity operation interval, the refrigerant cycle cooling mode is started. The system is now in an internal circulation wind mode. The compressor 24 is turned on to compress the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 12 from the high temperature and low pressure gas state 7 to the high temperature and high pressure liquid state 8, the refrigerant in the state 8 flows from the compressor 24 to the separator 23 through a conduit, the lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 24, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 101 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to the high temperature and high pressure liquid state 9, and the refrigerant reaches the inlet of the three-way valve 21 through a conduit. The three-way valve 21 has two outlets connected to the three-way valve 20 and the thermochemical apparatus 22 by conduits, respectively. At night, the thermochemical apparatus 22 is in a low humidity state, and absorbs humidity from the outside air to charge energy. The outlet to the three-way valve 20 is opened and the refrigerant flows directly to the inlet of the three-way valve 20. The refrigerant flows through the three-way valve 20 to the relief valve 19 through a conduit. The refrigerant in state 9 passes through the solenoid valve 15 to the expansion valve 14 where it expands to change to a low temperature and low pressure gas state 13, then flows through the conduit into the evaporator 12 to exchange heat with air, which is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat to rise in temperature to state 15 and flows back through the conduit into the compressor 24. The evaporator 12 is connected with the reheater 6, when air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to the state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, and at the moment, the air in the state 5 refrigerates the communication base station. The air flows into the room and is heated to the state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

When the peak power interval is reached, the cooling mode of the refrigerant circulation and the cooling storage unit are entered. The compressor 24 is turned on to compress the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 12 from the high temperature and low pressure gas state 7 to the high temperature and high pressure liquid state 8, the refrigerant in the state 8 flows from the compressor 24 to the separator 23 through a conduit, the lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 24, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 101 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to the high temperature and high pressure liquid state 9, and the refrigerant reaches the inlet of the three-way valve 21 through a conduit. The three-way valve 21 has two outlets connected to the three-way valve 20 and the thermochemical apparatus 22 by conduits, respectively. Now in daylight and the thermo-chemical device 22 is fully charged in a high humidity state, where the outlet to the thermo-chemical device 22 is open, the refrigerant is cooled at the thermo-chemical device 22 to state 17, flowing through the conduit to the inlet of the three-way valve 20. The refrigerant flows through the three-way valve 20 to the relief valve 19 through a conduit. The refrigerant then flows through the conduit to the solenoid valve 15 to the expansion valve 14 where it expands to transition to a low temperature, low pressure gas state 13, then flows through the conduit into the evaporator 12 to exchange heat with air, which is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat to rise to a state 15 and flows back through the conduit into the compressor 24. The evaporator 12 is connected with the reheater 6, when air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to the state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, and at the moment, the air in the state 5 refrigerates the communication base station. The air flows into the room and is heated to the state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

Example 4

In the present embodiment, the thermal management system of the communication base station based on thermal energy storage includes a ventilation unit 200, a cooling unit 100, and a control unit 203, wherein the structure of the ventilation unit 200 is shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 9, the refrigeration unit 100 constituted by the refrigerant circulation unit 201 and the cold storage unit 202 includes a phase change energy storage device 16. When the communication base station has a refrigerating requirement, the blower 7 starts to work, and the temperature value is read through the outdoor temperature sensor.

When the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor air temperature is higher than 28 ℃, and the outdoor air temperature is in the valley electricity operation interval, the refrigerant cycle cooling mode is started. The system is now in an internal circulation wind mode. The compressor 24 is started to compress the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 12 and the outlet of the phase change energy storage device 16 from the high-temperature low-pressure gas state 7 to the high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 8, the refrigerant in the state 8 flows into the separator 23 from the compressor 24 through a conduit, lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 24, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 101 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to the high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 9, and the refrigerant flows to the safety valve 19 through a conduit. Part of the refrigerant in the state 9 flows to the solenoid valve 18, flows to the expansion valve 17 through the conduit, is converted into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas state 10 through the expansion valve 17, and flows into the phase-change energy storage device 16, the cold energy in the refrigerant is absorbed and stored by the phase-change energy storage device 16, the refrigerant is heated and converted into the state 11, and flows back to the compressor 24 through the conduit, so that the temperature of the compressor 24 is reduced. The remaining refrigerant in state 9 flows directly to the phase change energy storage device 16, the phase change energy storage device 16 releases the cooling, and the refrigerant is further cooled to state 12. Then flows through the solenoid valve 15 to the expansion valve 14 through a conduit where the refrigerant is expanded to change to a low temperature and pressure gas state 13, then flows through a conduit into the evaporator 12 to exchange heat with air, the air is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat to rise to a state 15 and flows back through a conduit into the compressor 24. The evaporator 12 is connected with the reheater 6, when air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to the state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, and at the moment, the air in the state 5 refrigerates the communication base station. The air flows into the room and is heated to the state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

When the peak power interval is reached, the cooling mode of the refrigerant circulation and the cooling storage unit are entered. The compressor 24 is started to compress the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 12 and the outlet of the phase change energy storage device 16 from the high-temperature low-pressure gas state 7 to the high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 8, the refrigerant in the state 8 flows into the separator 23 from the compressor 24 through a conduit, lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 24, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 101 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to the high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 9, and the refrigerant flows to the safety valve 19 through a conduit. At this time, at peak power, the passage of the solenoid valve 18 to the expansion valve 17 is closed or at a small flow rate, and the refrigerant in state 9 flows through the phase change material heat exchanger 16, and is charged with the phase change material in a low temperature state to be further cooled to state 18. Then flows through the solenoid valve 15 to the expansion valve 14 through a conduit where the refrigerant is expanded to change to a low temperature and pressure gas state 13, then flows through a conduit into the evaporator 12 to exchange heat with air, the air is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat to rise to a state 15 and flows back through a conduit into the compressor 24. The evaporator 12 is connected with the reheater 6, when air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to the state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, and at the moment, the air in the state 5 refrigerates the communication base station. The air flows into the room and is heated to the state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

Example 5

In the present embodiment, the thermal management system of the communication base station based on thermal energy storage includes a ventilation unit 200, a cooling unit 100, and a control unit 203, wherein the structure of the ventilation unit 200 is shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 10, the refrigerant circulation unit 201 and the cold storage unit 202 constitute the refrigeration unit 100 including one type of phase change energy storage device 103. When the communication base station has a refrigerating requirement, the blower 7 starts to work, and the temperature value is read through the outdoor temperature sensor.

When the temperature sensor reads that the outdoor air temperature is higher than 28 ℃, and the outdoor air temperature is in the valley electricity operation interval, the refrigerant cycle cooling mode is started. The system is now in an internal circulation wind mode. The compressor 24 is turned on, refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 12 is compressed from a high-temperature low-pressure gas state 7 to a high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 8, refrigerant in the state 8 flows from the compressor 24 to the separator 23 through a conduit, lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 24, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 101 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to a high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 9, the refrigerant flows to the safety valve 19 through a conduit, and then flows through the solenoid valve 15 to the expansion valve 14 through a conduit, where the refrigerant is expanded to be changed to a low-temperature low-pressure gas state 13, flows into the phase change energy storage device 103 through a conduit where the refrigerant charges the phase change energy storage device 103, the refrigerant transitions to state 14, the refrigerant then flows into the evaporator 12 through a conduit to exchange heat with air, the air is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat to rise to state 15 and flows back into the compressor 24 through a conduit. The evaporator 12 is connected with the reheater 6, when air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to the state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, and at the moment, the air in the state 5 refrigerates the communication base station. The air flows into the room and is heated to the state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

When the power supply is in the peak power interval, the refrigerant enters the refrigerant cycle for cooling and the refrigerant cycle and the cold storage unit simultaneously supply cooling. The compressor 24 is turned on to compress the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 12 from the high-temperature low-pressure gas state 7 to the high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 8, the refrigerant in the state 8 flows from the compressor 24 to the separator 23 through a conduit, the lubricating oil in the refrigerant is separated and recovered to the compressor 24, the refrigerant flows to the condenser 101 through a conduit, the refrigerant is condensed to the high-temperature high-pressure liquid state 9, and the refrigerant flows to the safety valve 19 through a conduit. At the time of peak power, the refrigerant flows through the solenoid valve 15 to the expansion valve 14 through the conduit, the refrigerant expands to change into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas state 13, flows into the phase change energy storage device 103 through the conduit, exchanges heat with the phase change energy storage device 103 which is at a lower temperature after the energy is completely charged, and is cooled to a state 19, then the refrigerant flows into the evaporator 12 through the conduit to exchange heat with air, the air is cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs heat, is heated to the state 15 and flows back into the compressor 24 through the conduit. The evaporator 12 is connected with the reheater 6, when air passes through the reheater 6, if the temperature is too low, the air is heated to the state 5 by the reheater, otherwise, the air directly passes through the reheater to the blower 7, the blower 7 pushes the air to reach the circulating air outlet 8, and at the moment, the air in the state 5 refrigerates the communication base station. The air flows into the room and is heated to the state 6, the air flows to the inlet of the three-way valve 102 through the circulating air inlet 10, the outlet leading to the fresh air outlet 11 is opened, and the air in the state 6 enters the fresh air outlet 11 through the conduit and flows to the outside.

The present invention provides a communication base station thermal management system and method based on thermal energy storage, and a method and a device for implementing the same, and the method and the device are many, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.

Claims

1. A communication base station thermal management system based on thermal energy storage is characterized by comprising a ventilation unit (200), a refrigerant circulating unit (201), a cold storage unit (202) and a control unit (203);

the ventilation unit (200) is connected with the refrigerant circulating unit (201) and the cold storage unit (202) and is used for supplying fresh air to the communication base station, adjusting the humidity and the cleanliness of the air in the communication base station, providing air with proper humidity and cleanliness for the base station and simultaneously providing a natural cold source when the environmental temperature is lower;

the refrigerant circulating unit (201) is connected with the ventilation unit (200) and the cold storage unit (202), and cools the refrigerant through electric refrigeration and thermochemical refrigeration to provide a cold energy source for the cold storage unit (202);

the cold storage unit (202) is connected with the refrigerant circulating unit (201) and the ventilation unit (200) and is used for storing cold energy and providing peak cold energy demand for the base station when the indoor of the base station has higher cold supply demand and is positioned in a flat section and a peak electricity price interval;

the control unit (203) is in signal connection with the ventilation unit (200), the refrigerant circulating unit (201) and the cold storage unit (202), the ventilation unit (200), the refrigerant circulating unit (201) and the cold storage unit (202) are controlled by monitoring the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity of the base station and judging whether the base station is in a valley power utilization period, and the optimal cold supply mode is selected to supply cold to the base station.

2. The thermal energy storage based communication base station thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation unit (200) comprises a fresh air inlet (1), a filter (2), a first three-way valve (3), a humidifier (4), a dehumidifier (5), a reheater (6), a blower (7), a second three-way valve (104), a third three-way valve (105), a fourth three-way valve (102), a circulating air inlet (10), a circulating air outlet (8), a circulating air inlet (10) and a fresh air outlet (11);

the fresh air inlet (1) is connected with the filter (2) and is used for introducing external fresh air;

the filter (2) is connected with a first three-way valve (3);

the first three-way valve (3), the humidifier (4), the dehumidifier (5), the second three-way valve (104), the third three-way valve (105), the reheater (6), the blower (7), the circulating air outlet (8), the circulating air inlet (10) and the fourth three-way valve (102) are sequentially connected through a circulating pipeline;

one end of the base station indoor (9) is connected with a circulating air outlet (8), and cold air is blown into the base station indoor (9) through the circulating air outlet (8); the other end of the base station indoor unit (9) is connected with a circulating air inlet (10), and air coming out of the base station indoor unit (9) is reintroduced into the circulating pipeline through a fourth three-way valve (102);

the second three-way valve (104) and the third three-way valve (105) are connected with the refrigerant circulating unit (201) and the cold storage unit (202), fresh air introduced from the fresh air inlet (1) enters the refrigerant circulating unit (201) and the cold storage unit (202) through the second three-way valve (104) for cooling treatment, and then enters the ventilation unit (200) again through the third three-way valve (105) for cooling the base station indoor room (9);

and the fourth three-way valve (102) is connected with the fresh air outlet (11) and discharges hot air from the base station room (9) through the fresh air outlet (11).

3. The thermal energy storage based communication base station thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the cold storage unit (202) comprises a first phase change energy storage device (13), a second phase change energy storage device (103), a third phase change energy storage device (16), and a thermochemical device (22);

one end of the first phase change energy storage device (13) is connected with the refrigerant circulating unit (201), and the other end of the first phase change energy storage device is connected with the reheater (6) through a third three-way valve (105);

the second phase change energy storage device (103), the third phase change energy storage device (16) and the thermochemical device (22) are connected with a refrigerant circulating unit (201), and cold energy is supplemented and released through the refrigerant circulating unit (201).

4. The thermal energy storage based communication base station thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein the refrigerant circulation unit (201) comprises an evaporator (12), a compressor (24), a separator (23), a condenser (101), a fifth three-way valve (21), a sixth three-way valve (20), a safety valve (19), a first solenoid valve (18), a first expansion valve (17), a second solenoid valve (15), a second expansion valve (14);

an air inlet at one end of the evaporator (12) is connected with a second three-way valve (104), air introduced into the ventilation unit (200) is cooled through the evaporator (12), an air outlet is connected with a first phase change energy storage device (13), a refrigerant inlet is connected with a second phase change energy storage device (103) in the cold storage unit (202), and a refrigerant outlet is connected with the compressor (24);

the compressor (24) is connected with the separator (23), the evaporator (12) and the third phase-change energy storage device (16);

the separator (23) is connected with the compressor (24) and the condenser (101);

the condenser (101) is connected with a thermochemical device (22) and a sixth three-way valve (20) in the cold storage unit through a fifth three-way valve (21);

the outlet of a thermochemical device (22) in the cold storage unit (202) is connected with a safety valve (19) through a sixth three-way valve (20);

the safety valve (19) is connected with the first electromagnetic valve (18) and the third phase-change energy storage device (16);

the first electromagnetic valve (18) is connected with a first expansion valve (17);

the first expansion valve (17) is connected with a third phase-change energy storage device (16) in the cold storage unit (202);

the second expansion valve (14) is connected with a second phase change energy storage device (103) in the cold storage unit (202).

5. The thermal energy storage based communication base station thermal management system according to claim 4, wherein the control unit (203) is in signal connection with the first three-way valve (3), the second three-way valve (104), the third three-way valve (105), the fourth three-way valve (102), the compressor (24), the first electromagnetic valve (18), the second electromagnetic valve (15), the sixth three-way valve (20) and the fifth three-way valve (21) respectively, and is controlled by the control unit (203).

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:

the ventilation unit (200) has two operation modes, namely a fresh air mode and a circulating air mode, wherein the fresh air mode can introduce fresh air to provide a cold source when the temperature of the external environment is low, and the circulating air mode can avoid introducing external high-temperature air to increase the refrigeration load; the ventilation unit (200) is connected with the refrigerant circulating unit (201), the ventilation unit adjusts the humidity and the cleanliness of air in the communication base station through the filter (2), the humidifier (4) and the dehumidifier (5), and air with proper humidity and cleanliness is provided for the refrigerant circulating unit (201) to transfer cold energy;

the refrigerant circulating unit (201) is connected with the cold storage unit (202), the passing liquid refrigerant is cooled through the condenser (101), cold energy sources are provided for the phase change energy storage devices (16, 103) in the cold storage unit (202), the passing air is cooled through the evaporator (12), and the cold energy sources are provided for the phase change energy storage device (13) in the cold storage unit (202);

the cold storage unit (202) is connected with the refrigerant circulating unit (201) and the ventilation unit (200), the cold storage unit (202) comprises phase change energy storage devices (13, 16, 103) and a thermochemical device (22) and is used for storing cold energy, when the base station has high cold supply requirements and is in a flat section and a peak electricity price interval, the phase change energy storage devices (16, 103) and the thermochemical device (22) carry out cold release in a mode of cooling the refrigerant in the passing refrigerant circulating unit (201), and the phase change energy storage device (13) carries out cold release in a mode of cooling the air in the passing ventilation unit (200), so that the base station is provided with the peak cold energy requirement;

the control unit (203) is in signal connection with the ventilation unit (200), the refrigerant circulating unit (201) and the cold storage unit (202), and controls the ventilation unit (200), the refrigerant circulating unit (201) and the cold storage unit (202) by monitoring the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity of the base station and judging whether the base station is in a valley power utilization period, so that the cold supply mode of the base station is selected.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein:

the communication base station thermal management system can realize three base station cooling operation modes: natural air cooling, refrigerant circulation cooling and simultaneous cooling of the refrigerant circulation and cold storage units;

when the base station is in the natural air cooling mode, external low-temperature air enters a filter (2), a humidifier (4) and a dehumidifier (5) in a ventilation unit through an external air inlet (1) under the driving of a fan (7) to adjust the humidity and the cleanliness, then enters a base station room to cool base station equipment, and the air carrying heat in the base station is discharged outdoors through a fresh air outlet (11);

when the cooling is carried out by the refrigerant circulation, circulating air in the machine room sequentially enters a filter (2), a humidifier (4) and a dehumidifier (5) in a ventilation unit (200) to be subjected to humidity and cleanliness regulation under the driving of a fan (7), then enters an evaporator (12) in the refrigerant circulation unit to be cooled, and then enters a base station room to cool base station equipment, and the air carrying heat in the base station returns to the ventilation unit (200) through a circulating air inlet (10);

when the refrigerant cycle and the cold storage supply simultaneously, the phase change energy storage devices (16, 103) and the thermochemical device (22) in the cold storage unit (202) release cold, the refrigerant in the refrigerant cycle unit (201) is cooled, the refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator (12) to provide cold energy, meanwhile, circulating air in the machine room sequentially enters a filter (2), a humidifier (4) and a dehumidifier (5) in a ventilation unit (200) to be subjected to humidity and cleanliness regulation under the driving of a fan (7), then enters an evaporator (12) in a refrigerant circulating unit (201) to be cooled, and then enters a phase-change energy storage device (13) in a cold storage unit (202) to be further cooled, then the air enters the base station room to cool the base station equipment, and the air carries the heat in the base station and returns to the ventilation unit (200) through the circulating air inlet (10).

8. The method of claim 6, wherein:

the first phase change energy storage device (13) comprises a phase change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the first phase change energy storage device, low-temperature air flowing through an outlet of the evaporator (12) can charge cold for the phase change energy storage device, and the stored cold energy can be used for cooling the passing high-temperature air; the first phase change energy storage device (13) is used for storing redundant cold energy generated by natural air cooling and refrigerant refrigeration;

the second phase change energy storage device (103) comprises a phase change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the second phase change energy storage device, the low-temperature refrigerant passing through the outlet of the second expansion valve (14) can charge cold for the phase change energy storage device, and the stored cold energy can be used for cooling the passing refrigerant with relatively high temperature; the second phase change energy storage device (103) is used for storing redundant cold energy generated by refrigeration of the refrigerant;

the third phase-change energy storage device (16) contains a phase-change energy storage material and a performance enhancing material, a heat exchange structure is arranged in the third phase-change energy storage device, the refrigerant passing through the first expansion valve (17) charges the third phase-change energy storage device (16) for cooling, and the third phase-change energy storage device (16) further cools the refrigerant passing through the second expansion valve (14) during cooling; the third phase-change energy storage device (16) is used for storing cold energy of the refrigerant branch and further cooling the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant of the main loop.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein:

the energy storage materials in the first phase change energy storage device (13), the second phase change energy storage device (103) and the third phase change energy storage device (16) are one of organic phase change materials, inorganic phase change materials or organic-inorganic composite phase change materials; the phase change temperature of the phase change materials in the three phase change energy storage devices is-50 to +300 ℃; the performance enhancing materials in the three phase change energy storage devices comprise carbon materials and metal materials, and the heat exchange structure comprises particles, fins, special-shaped pipelines and surface coatings; the mass ratio of the performance enhancing materials in the three phase-change energy storage devices to the phase-change materials in the heat storage unit is (0.1-50): (99.9-50).

10. The method of claim 6, wherein:

the thermochemical device (22) comprises a performance enhancement material and a thermochemical energy storage material, wherein the thermochemical energy storage material comprises any one or a mixture of more than two of 4A zeolite, 5A zeolite, 10X zeolite, 13X zeolite, activated carbon, silica gel, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, strontium bromide and a metal-organic framework material; the working temperature of the thermochemical energy storage material is-50 to +600 ℃;

the performance enhancing material in the thermochemical device (22) comprises one or a mixture of two or more of carbon materials, metal oxides, diatomite, vermiculite, polysaccharides, polypeptides, acrylic acid and derivatives thereof; the mass ratio of the performance enhancing material to the thermochemical energy storage material in the thermochemical device is (0.1-50): (99.9-50); the thermochemical energy storage material in the thermochemical device absorbs moisture in the air at night to realize cold charging of the thermochemical material, and the thermochemical material reduces the temperature of the refrigerant by absorbing heat released by the refrigerant and environmental heat during the day, so that the power consumption of the refrigerant circulating unit is reduced, and in the process, the thermochemical energy storage material desorbs absorbed water to realize regeneration.