CN113808892A - Composite heater assembly and method of making the same - Google Patents
Composite heater assembly and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN113808892A CN113808892A CN202111110116.7A CN202111110116A CN113808892A CN 113808892 A CN113808892 A CN 113808892A CN 202111110116 A CN202111110116 A CN 202111110116A CN 113808892 A CN113808892 A CN 113808892A
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- composite heater
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- heater
- subassembly
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/08—Manufacture of heaters for indirectly-heated cathodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
- H01J1/22—Heaters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/04—Cathodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/18—Assembling together the component parts of electrode systems
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- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The present disclosure provides a composite heater subassembly and a method of making the same, the method comprising: mixing the insulating powder and the metal powder to obtain mixed powder, wherein the insulating powder and the metal powder synchronously expand and contract; compacting the mixed powder to obtain a bar; sintering the bar to obtain a blank; turning the blank to obtain a composite heater (5); and respectively bonding the cathode cylinder (2) and the electrode (7) to two ends of the composite heater (5) by using solder (6) to obtain the composite heater assembly. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in process, and the cathode composite heater assembly which is high in reliability, small in volume, high in efficiency, uniform in heating and free of magnetic field can be prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of microwave vacuum electronic devices, in particular to a composite heater subassembly and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The microwave vacuum electronic device is widely applied to radar, satellite communication, an electron accelerator, global positioning, controllable thermonuclear fusion, future military leading-edge high-power microwave weapons and the like, has unique functions and excellent performance, and can not be replaced by other devices particularly under the conditions of high power and high frequency band. The part of the microwave vacuum device that heats the cathode is called a thermionic cell or a thermionic assembly.
The requirement of fast start-up and long lifetime of microwave devices in recent years poses higher technical challenges to thermionic performance, and intensive research work needs to be done on how to shorten the preheating time and reduce the heating power. The main methods adopted at present are as follows: improved heating structure and shielding, increased radiation capacity of the thermionic insulating layer, and so-called cathode thermionic assembly. The conventional preparation method of the thermite comprises the following steps: winding: and winding the tungsten or tungsten alloy wire into the thermite with the required structure and resistance by using a wire winding machine and a special thermite die. Shaping: putting the heater fixed on the shaping mould in a molybdenum boat, putting the molybdenum boat in a hydrogen furnace, heating the molybdenum boat to a certain temperature, maintaining the molybdenum boat for a certain time, then cutting off the power, cooling the molybdenum boat to room temperature, and taking out the molybdenum boat. However, the conventional thermite preparation method has some disadvantages: the preheating time of the cathode becomes long; the heating efficiency is low; the working temperature of the heater is high; the vibration and impact resistance is poor.
The conventional heater assembly is a combined body formed by filling insulating filler into a gap between an indirectly heated cathode and a heater and sintering, and the cathode is heated by the heater in a manner of heat radiation to heat conduction, and the structure of the conventional heater assembly is shown in fig. 1. However, the conventional heater assembly still has many defects, such as short circuit of the heater, large volume, insufficient thermal efficiency, influence of electron emission performance due to magnetic field generated on the cathode surface, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a composite heater subassembly and a method for manufacturing the same, which at least partially solve the above technical problems.
(II) technical scheme
The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a composite heater module, comprising: mixing the insulating powder and the metal powder to obtain mixed powder, wherein the insulating powder and the metal powder synchronously expand and contract; compacting the mixed powder to obtain a bar; sintering the bar to obtain a blank; turning the blank to obtain a composite heater 5; the cathode cylinder 2 and the electrode 7 are respectively bonded to both ends of the composite heater 5 by using solder 6, so that a composite heater assembly is obtained.
Optionally, the metal powder is present in a volume ratio of 10% to 50%.
Optionally, compacting the mixed powder to obtain a rod comprises: tamping the mixed powder to a close-packed structure, and then pressing by isostatic pressing or a die to obtain the bar, wherein the pressure of the isostatic pressing is 50-500 Mpa.
Optionally, the mixed powder is ground prior to tamping the mixed powder.
Optionally, sintering the rod to obtain a green body comprises: sintering the bar material for 1-3 h at 1500-2000 ℃ to obtain a blank.
Alternatively, the cathode cylinder 2 and the electrode 7 are respectively bonded to both ends of the composite heater 5 by using the solder 6, and the composite heater assembly comprises: preparing solder 6 by using an organic solvent to obtain solder paste; placing solder paste between the composite heater 5 and the cathode cylinder 2 and between the composite heater 5 and the electrode 7 to obtain a composite heater assembly blank; heating the composite heater assembly blank to melt the solder slurry, and cooling to obtain a composite heater assembly; wherein the composite heater 5 is not contacted with the side wall of the cathode cylinder 2, the temperature for heating the composite heater assembly blank is 1500-2000 ℃, and the heating time is 1-3 min.
Optionally, the material of the insulating powder includes aluminum oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, or beryllium oxide.
Optionally, the material of the metal powder comprises tungsten or molybdenum.
Optionally, the material of the solder 6 includes platinum, molybdenum-nickel alloy, molybdenum-ruthenium alloy, or tungsten-cobalt alloy.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a composite thermal subassembly, comprising: a cathode cylinder 2, a composite heater 5, a solder 6 and an electrode 7; the composite heater 5 is adhered to the cathode cylinder 2 through the solder 6, the electrode 7 is adhered to the other end of the composite heater 5 through the solder 6, the composite heater 5 is not in contact with the side wall of the cathode cylinder 2, and the composite heater 5 is formed by compounding metal and an insulator.
(III) advantageous effects
The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a composite heater assembly, wherein the composite heater assembly is prepared by mixing insulating powder and metal powder according to a certain proportion and sintering the mixture, and can replace a heating wire in a traditional heater assembly. The insulating powder increases the resistivity of the composite heater and ensures the normal operation of the composite heater. The composite heater is not in contact with the wall of the cathode cylinder, most of generated heat is directly conducted to the cathode base body through the cylinder bottom of the cathode cylinder, and the other part of heat radiated out is reflected back to the cylinder through the wall of the cylinder and is also conducted to the cathode base body along with the composite heater, so that the heat efficiency is improved.
Because the composite heater does not contain a heating coil, and the composite heater generates heat integrally, and has a much smaller volume than a traditional heating wire under the same heating efficiency, the composite heater assembly prepared by the method has no problem of short circuit of the heating wire, and has the advantages of high reliability, small volume, high efficiency, no magnetic field and the like.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a conventional thermal subassembly block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a composite thermal subassembly block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a flow diagram of a composite thermal subassembly fabrication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a flow diagram of a composite thermal subassembly fabrication method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[ description of reference ]
1-cathode base body
2-cathode cylinder
3-insulating layer
4-thermion
5-composite heater
6-solder
7-electrode
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that in the drawings or description, the same drawing reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts. Features of the embodiments illustrated in the description may be freely combined to form new embodiments without conflict, and each claim may be individually referred to as an embodiment or features of the claims may be combined to form a new embodiment, and in the drawings, the shape or thickness of the embodiment may be enlarged and simplified or conveniently indicated. Further, elements or implementations not shown or described in the drawings are of a form known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, while exemplifications of parameters including particular values may be provided herein, it is to be understood that the parameters need not be exactly equal to the respective values, but may be approximated to the respective values within acceptable error margins or design constraints.
Unless a technical obstacle or contradiction exists, the above-described various embodiments of the present disclosure may be freely combined to form further embodiments, which are all within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
While the present disclosure has been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, the embodiments disclosed in the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting the disclosure. The dimensional proportions in the drawings are merely schematic and are not to be understood as limiting the disclosure.
Although a few embodiments of the present general inventive concept have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the general inventive concept, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a composite thermal subassembly block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2, a composite thermal subassembly includes, for example: the cathode comprises a cathode substrate 1, a cathode cylinder 2, a composite heater 5, a solder 6 and an electrode 7. The composite heater 5 is adhered to the cathode cylinder 2 through the solder 6, the electrode 7 is adhered to the other end of the composite heater 5 through the solder 6, the composite heater 5 is not in contact with the side wall of the cathode cylinder 2, and the composite heater 5 is formed by compounding metal and an insulator. During operation, compound heater 5 is whole to be generated heat, and most produced heat gives cathode base 1 through the bottom heat-conduction of cathode cylinder 2 (for example for the metal molybdenum cylinder), and other thermal radiation's heat is in the cathode cylinder 2 is reflected back to cathode cylinder 2 by the lateral wall of cathode cylinder 2, along with compound heater 5 heat-conduction to cathode base 1, the temperature of cathode cylinder 2 than traditional structure greatly reduced has promoted the thermal efficiency of compound heater subassembly. While the conventional heater subassembly in fig. 1 generates heat through the heater 4, i.e., a heating wire, the composite heater subassembly in the present disclosure generates heat through the composite heater 5 as a whole, so that when the same amount of heat is generated, the volume of the composite heater 5 is much smaller than that of the heater 4, and the volume of the prepared composite heater subassembly is also much smaller.
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a composite thermal subassembly fabrication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 3, a method of making a composite thermal subassembly, for example, includes:
and S310, mixing the insulating powder and the metal powder to obtain mixed powder, wherein the insulating powder and the metal powder synchronously expand and contract.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the expansion coefficient of the insulating powder material is similar to that of the metal powder material, so that the composite heater 5 has a stable structure and cannot generate defects inside the material due to thermal expansion and cooling shrinkage during the preparation and use of the composite heater assembly. The insulating material may be, for example, aluminum oxide, beryllium oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, or the like, and the metal material may be, for example, metal powder of tungsten, rhenium, molybdenum, or the like, or any mixed metal powder thereof. Or mixing water-soluble compounds of the insulating material and the metal material as raw materials. The insulating material has good insulating property and small evaporation rate at the working temperature or the high temperature required in the treatment process.
And S320, compacting the mixed powder to obtain a bar.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, the mixture is put into an agate mortar for grinding, the ground mixture is poured into a rubber sleeve, the mixture is compacted by beating and kneading to form a close-packed structure of the powder particles, and then isostatic pressing or die pressing is performed under a pressure of 50 to 500 Mpa.
And S330, sintering the bar to obtain a blank.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, after sintering, the insulating powder particles and the metal powder particles, the insulating powder particles and the insulating powder particles, and the metal powder particles are mutually bonded, so that the composite heater 5 can conduct electricity, and meanwhile, the resistivity is much larger than that of a pure metal rod, and the normal operation of the composite heater 5 is ensured. The composite heater 5 does not contain a heating wire, the short circuit problem of the heating wire caused by the breakage of the insulating layer can not occur, the reliability is high, and a magnetic field can not be generated due to the existence of the coil. The sintering conditions are, for example, high-temperature sintering at a temperature of 1500 ℃ to 2000 ℃ for 1 to 3 hours.
And S340, turning the blank to obtain the composite heater 5.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a sintered shaped bar is turned into a composite heater of a desired size, for example.
And S350, respectively bonding the cathode cylinder 2 and the electrode 7 to two ends of the composite heater 5 by using the solder 6 to obtain the composite heater assembly.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the working temperature of the heater is generally about 1100 ℃ to 1400 ℃, the melting point of the solder 6 needs to be higher than the working temperature of the composite heater, otherwise the heater causes evaporation of the solder during the working process, the melting point of the solder 6 cannot be too high, and too high welding temperature causes deformation of the composite heater 5 and changes of the resistance value of the composite heater. Therefore, the solder 6 can be made of metal or alloy material (such as platinum, molybdenum-nickel, molybdenum-ruthenium, tungsten-cobalt, etc.) with melting point between 1500 ℃ and 2000 ℃ and infiltrated with the cathode molybdenum tube and the composite thermions. The soldering process is, for example, placing the composite heater 5 into a cathode tube coated with high-temperature solder paste and into a high-temperature furnace, heating to the melting point of the solder, and maintaining for 1-3 minutes. The solder 6 is soaked with the cathode molybdenum cylinder, the composite thermions and the electrode 7, so that the welding is ensured to be firm, and the cathode molybdenum cylinder has good electric conductivity and heat conductivity. The insulating powder does not chemically react with the metal powder and the cathode can 2.
The composite thermal subassembly preparation method of the present disclosure is further illustrated by the specific examples below.
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a flow diagram of a composite thermal subassembly fabrication method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 4, a method of making a composite thermal subassembly, for example, includes:
s410, physically mixing alumina powder of about 5 microns and metal tungsten powder of about 5 microns according to the volume ratio of tungsten to metal of 10% -50%, and then putting the mixture into an agate mortar for grinding.
And S420, pouring the ground mixture into a rubber sleeve, tamping and kneading the mixture to form a close-packed structure of the mixture powder particles, and then performing isostatic pressing under the pressure of 100-200 MPa.
S430, sintering the pressed and formed bar at the temperature of 1500-2000 ℃ for 1-3 hours.
S440, turning the sintered bar into a composite heater 5 with a required size.
S450, coating solder slurry (such as 70% tungsten + 30% cobalt) mixed by organic solvent (such as nitro-cotton, glycerol and the like) on two end faces of the composite thermite 5, putting the solder slurry into a cathode cylinder 2 with a cathode matrix 1, and putting an electrode 7 on the other end face of the composite thermite 5.
S460, placing the cathode cylinder 2, the composite heater 5 and the electrode 7 obtained by the treatment of the step S450 into a high-temperature furnace, heating the cathode cylinder to a melting point of the solder (for example, 1550 ℃), maintaining the temperature for 1 to 3 minutes, and taking out the cathode cylinder after power-off cooling to room temperature.
And S470, testing the cold resistance of the composite heater 5 by using a resistance tester to see whether the cold resistance meets the requirements, and discarding the composite heater if the cold resistance does not meet the requirements.
In summary, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a composite heater module and a method for manufacturing the same. The composite heater is obtained by mixing the insulating powder and the metal powder and sintering, and the cathode composite heater assembly which is easy to manufacture, high in reliability, small in size, high in efficiency, uniform in heating and free of magnetic field can be obtained by welding the composite heater and the cathode cylinder through high-temperature welding flux.
The product embodiment is similar to the method embodiment in portions where details are not given, and please refer to the method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an example of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy.
It should also be noted that directional terms, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., mentioned in the embodiments are only directions referring to the drawings, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Throughout the drawings, like elements are represented by like or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted when they may obscure the understanding of the present disclosure. And the shapes, sizes and positional relationships of the components in the drawings do not reflect the actual sizes, proportions and actual positional relationships.
In the foregoing detailed description, various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments of the subject matter require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, the disclosure may lie in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby expressly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the disclosure.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present disclosure, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specifically limited otherwise. To the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. Any use of the term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean a "non-exclusive or".
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making a composite heater subassembly, comprising:
mixing insulating powder and metal powder to obtain mixed powder, wherein the insulating powder and the metal powder synchronously expand and contract;
compacting the mixed powder to obtain a bar;
sintering the bar to obtain a blank;
turning the blank to obtain a composite heater (5);
and respectively bonding the cathode cylinder (2) and the electrode (7) to two ends of the composite heater (5) by using solder (6) to obtain the composite heater assembly.
2. The method of making a composite heater subassembly of claim 1 wherein the metal powder is present in an amount of 10% to 50% by volume.
3. The method of making a composite thermal subassembly of claim 1, wherein the compacting the mixed powder to form a rod comprises:
and tamping the mixed powder to a close-packed structure, and then pressing by isostatic pressing or a die to obtain the bar, wherein the pressure of the isostatic pressing is 50-500 Mpa.
4. The method of making a composite thermal subassembly of claim 3, wherein the mixed powder is ground prior to tamping the mixed powder.
5. The method of making a composite thermal subassembly of claim 1, wherein sintering the rod to obtain a green body comprises:
sintering the bar for 1-3 h at 1500-2000 ℃ to obtain the blank.
6. The method for preparing a composite heater assembly according to claim 1, wherein the step of bonding the cathode cylinder (2) and the electrode (7) to both ends of the composite heater (5) by using the solder (6) comprises the steps of:
preparing the solder (6) by using an organic solvent to obtain solder slurry;
placing the solder slurry between the composite heater (5) and the cathode cylinder (2) and between the composite heater (5) and the electrode (7) to obtain a composite heater assembly blank;
heating the composite heater subassembly blank to melt the solder slurry, and cooling to obtain the composite heater subassembly;
the composite heater (5) is not in contact with the side wall of the cathode cylinder (2), the temperature for heating the composite heater assembly blank is 1500-2000 ℃, and the heating time is 1-3 min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the insulating powder comprises aluminum oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, or beryllium oxide.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal powder comprises tungsten or molybdenum.
9. The method of manufacturing a composite thermal subassembly according to claim 1, wherein the material of the solder (6) comprises platinum, molybdenum-nickel alloy, molybdenum-ruthenium alloy, or tungsten-cobalt alloy.
10. A composite thermal subassembly, comprising:
the cathode cylinder (2), the composite heater (5), the solder (6) and the electrode (7);
the composite heater (5) is bonded in the cathode cylinder (2) through the solder (6), the electrode (7) is bonded at the other end of the composite heater (5) through the solder (6), the composite heater (5) is not in contact with the side wall of the cathode cylinder (2), and the composite heater (5) is formed by compounding metal and an insulator.
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| CN202111110116.7A CN113808892B (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Composite thermal subassembly and method of making the same |
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| CN202111110116.7A CN113808892B (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Composite thermal subassembly and method of making the same |
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| US3581144A (en) * | 1969-03-27 | 1971-05-25 | Gen Electric | Metal-clad insulated electrical heater |
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2021
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| CN113808892B (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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