CN113805400B - Liquid diaphragm, electronic device, and method and device for driving liquid diaphragm - Google Patents

Liquid diaphragm, electronic device, and method and device for driving liquid diaphragm Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113805400B
CN113805400B CN202010872933.5A CN202010872933A CN113805400B CN 113805400 B CN113805400 B CN 113805400B CN 202010872933 A CN202010872933 A CN 202010872933A CN 113805400 B CN113805400 B CN 113805400B
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electrode
sub
liquid
hydrophilic
aperture
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CN113805400A (en
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阮望超
王庆平
陈廷爱
周国富
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Co Ltd
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP21811849.5A priority Critical patent/EP4152091A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/090763 priority patent/WO2021238565A1/en
Publication of CN113805400A publication Critical patent/CN113805400A/en
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Publication of CN113805400B publication Critical patent/CN113805400B/en
Priority to US18/071,372 priority patent/US20230105130A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/02—Diaphragms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
    • G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting

Abstract

The application provides a liquid diaphragm, an electronic device, a driving method of the liquid diaphragm and a driving device of the liquid diaphragm, wherein the liquid diaphragm comprises a first substrate, a first electrode polar plate, an insulating layer, a hydrophobic layer, a hydrophilic layer, a retaining wall, a second electrode polar plate and a second substrate which are sequentially and closely arranged along the direction of an optical axis of the liquid diaphragm; a first hollow structure is formed in the middle of the retaining wall; the hydrophilic layer comprises a first hydrophilic part and a second hydrophilic part, and N second hollow structures are arranged between the first hydrophilic part and the second hydrophilic part; the first hollow structure is communicated with the N second hollow structures to form a closed cavity; transparent electrolyte and colored printing ink are filled in the closed cavity, and the colored printing ink is incompatible with the transparent electrolyte; the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are used for forming an electric field to change the distribution of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink in the closed cavity. The size of the light inlet hole of the liquid diaphragm can be adjusted by controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate.

Description

Liquid diaphragm, electronic device, and method and device for driving liquid diaphragm
The present application claims priority from chinese patent application filed on 29/05/2020, chinese patent office, application No. 202010477421.9, entitled "liquid stop," the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of terminal devices, and in particular, to a liquid diaphragm, an electronic device, a driving method of the liquid diaphragm, and a driving apparatus of the liquid diaphragm.
Background
The aperture is a component for controlling the amount of light entering the camera, and the traditional aperture is formed by mechanical blades, and the larger the number of the blades, the closer the aperture is to a circle, but the larger the thickness and the poorer the reliability are. As shown in fig. 1a and 1b, the conventional diaphragm 1 'has a plurality of mechanical blades 11', the center of the mechanical blades 11 'forms a light entrance hole J, and in use, the size of the light entrance hole J can be changed by controlling the mechanical blades 11' to rotate around the center of the light entrance hole J (wherein, the light entrance hole J in fig. 1a is smaller, the light entrance hole J in fig. 1b is larger, the process of the diaphragm 1 'changing from the state shown in fig. 1a to the state shown in fig. 1b, i.e., the process of increasing the amount of light entering, and the process of the diaphragm 1' changing from the state shown in fig. 1b to the state shown in fig. 1a, i.e., the process of decreasing the amount of light entering) are controlled. The liquid diaphragm is a novel diaphragm, wherein no mechanical blade exists, and a larger or smaller opening is formed by controlling the movement of colored liquid in a cavity (as shown in fig. 1 c), and the liquid diaphragm has the advantages of opening circle, low power consumption, high reaction speed, high precision and the like compared with the traditional mechanical diaphragm, and gradually becomes a research hotspot in recent years and is not used in consumer products.
The current liquid aperture can realize the driven adjustment of the aperture size based on the electrowetting effect, and the principle can refer to the following electrowetting equation in combination with that shown in fig. 1 d:
cosθ＝cosθ 0 +(ε 0 ε r /2dr lg )·V 2
wherein, theta 0 To the initial contact angle (not shown in FIG. 1 d), θ is the contact angle after application of a voltage, r lg Is a liquid-gas surface tension (which is constant without being influenced by an applied voltage), epsilon r Is a dielectric layerElectric constant epsilon 0 D is the thickness of the insulating dielectric layer and V is the voltage applied to the electrode.
It can be seen that the three-phase contact points in FIG. 1d are simultaneously subjected to solid-liquid surface tension r sl Solid-gas surface tension r sg And surface tension of liquid and gas r lg (ii) a When a voltage is applied between the liquid-solid electrodes, the contact angle of the micro-liquid drop can be changed, namely, the wetting property of the hydrophobic surface is changed through an electric field, and the contact angle of the liquid drop on the hydrophobic surface can be changed. The liquid ring is applied to a liquid diaphragm, namely the opaque liquid can be pushed to move by changing the contact angle of a liquid drop in the electrowetting effect, and the size change of a light inlet hole of the diaphragm can be further realized.
However, the liquid aperture technology based on the electrowetting effect in the prior art is not mature enough to meet the requirement of adjusting the incident light quantity.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a liquid diaphragm, electronic equipment, a driving method of the liquid diaphragm and a driving device of the liquid diaphragm, which are used for realizing size adjustment of a diaphragm light inlet hole.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a liquid diaphragm that can be applied to an electronic device having a camera shooting and photographing function, and the light entering amount of the electronic device is adjusted when the electronic device performs camera shooting and photographing. The liquid diaphragm comprises a first substrate, a first electrode polar plate, an insulating layer, a hydrophobic layer, a hydrophilic layer, a retaining wall, a second electrode polar plate and a second substrate which are sequentially and closely arranged according to a set sequence (equivalent to the optical axis direction of the liquid diaphragm); the first substrate, the first electrode plate, the insulating layer, the hydrophobic layer, the hydrophilic layer, the second electrode plate and the second substrate are all light-transmitting, and the retaining wall is light-blocking; the first substrate and the second substrate are equivalent to bottom plate structures at two ends of the whole liquid aperture along the optical axis direction, the first substrate provides bearing support for the first electrode plate, and the second substrate provides bearing support for the second electrode plate; in use, a voltage may be applied across the first and second electrode pads such that an electric field may be formed between the first and second electrode pads; the insulating layer is arranged on one side of the first electrode polar plate far away from the first substrate so as to insulate the hydrophobic layer from the first electrode polar plate, namely, the hydrophobic layer and the structures above the hydrophobic layer are insulated from the first electrode polar plate; the hydrophobic layer is a layer of hydrophobic substance formed on one side of the insulating layer, which faces the second substrate, and the hydrophilic layer is a layer of hydrophilic substance formed on one side of the hydrophobic layer, which faces the second substrate; the hydrophobic layer is of a solid plate-shaped structure, and the plate-shaped structure of the hydrophobic layer is continuously provided with no hollow part; the hydrophilic layer specifically comprises a first hydrophilic part and a second hydrophilic part which are arranged on the hydrophobic layer in the same layer, and the first hydrophilic part and the second hydrophilic part have the same thickness; the first hydrophilic part is positioned in the central area of the hydrophilic layer, and the second hydrophilic part is positioned in the peripheral area of the hydrophilic layer; the first hydrophilic part is cylindrical, and the axial lead of the first hydrophilic part is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid diaphragm; the middle part of the second hydrophilic part is provided with a cylindrical hollow part, the shape of the outer edge of the second hydrophilic part is not limited, such as circular, rectangular and the like, and the axial lead of the cylindrical hollow part is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid aperture; the first hydrophilic part is positioned in the central area of the cylindrical hollow part, and the radius of the first hydrophilic part is smaller than that of the cylindrical hollow part, so that a gap is formed between the first hydrophilic part and the second hydrophilic part; n second hollow structures in a ring shape exist between the first hydrophilic part and the second hydrophilic part, wherein N is an integer which is more than or equal to 1; along the thickness direction of the hydrophilic layer, each second hollow structure penetrates through the hydrophilic layer, so that the surface of one side, facing the hydrophilic layer, of the hydrophobic layer can be exposed from the part of the second hollow structure, and the axial lead of each second hollow structure is superposed with the optical axis of the liquid aperture; a retaining wall is arranged between the hydrophilic layer and the second electrode polar plate, a first hollow structure is formed in the middle of the retaining wall, and the first hollow structure can penetrate through the retaining wall along the thickness direction of the liquid aperture; the first hollow structure is communicated with the N second hollow structures, so that a closed cavity is formed among the second electrode polar plate, the retaining wall, the hydrophilic layer and the hydrophobic layer; it should be understood that the close proximity of the first substrate, the first electrode plate, the insulating layer, the hydrophobic layer, the hydrophilic layer, the retaining wall, the second electrode plate and the second substrate is favorable for ensuring the sealing performance of the sealed cavity, and of course, the retaining wall and the hydrophilic layer serve as a sealing structure of the sealed cavity between the second electrode plate and the hydrophobic layer; a transparent electrolyte and opaque colored ink are filled in the closed cavity, and the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink are incompatible; the surface adsorption capacity of the hydrophilic layer to the transparent electrolyte is greater than that of the hydrophobic layer to the transparent electrolyte, and the surface adsorption capacity of the hydrophilic layer to the colored ink is less than that of the hydrophobic layer to the colored ink; the volume of the transparent electrolyte is fixed, the volume of the colored ink is also fixed, when the transparent electrolyte moves in the closed cavity, the transparent electrolyte can invade the space occupied by the colored ink, and the colored ink is correspondingly filled in the vacant position of the transparent electrolyte, which is equivalent to that the distribution forms of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink in the closed cavity are changed; the transparent electrolyte is used for isolating the colored ink from the second electrode plate, the transparent electrolyte is in contact with the second electrode plate, and the colored ink is equivalently pressed on one side of the hydrophobic layer by the transparent electrolyte; when an electric field is formed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, the wetting effect of the corresponding hydrophobic layer part of the cell on the transparent electrolyte can be changed by changing the intensity of the electric field. The transparent electrolyte is transparent, namely the transparent electrolyte can allow light to pass through, the colored ink is opaque, namely the colored ink can block the light from passing through, the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink in the closed cavity is controlled, and the size of a light inlet hole of the liquid diaphragm for light to pass through can be changed. The working principle of the liquid aperture is as follows: when an electric field is not formed between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate or the intensity of the formed electric field is smaller than a set threshold value, the area of the hydrophobic layer corresponding to the electric field shows hydrophobic characteristics relative to the transparent electrolyte, the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte and the hydrophobic layer is larger, the transparent electrolyte is basically filled in the first hollow structure, the colored ink is basically filled in the N second hollow structures, the colored ink can be uniformly spread to cover the surface of the hydrophobic layer exposed in the second hollow structures, and the size of the light inlet hole of the liquid aperture is determined by the first hydrophilic part; because the electric field between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate can not change the distribution of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink in the closed cavity, the electric field is equivalent to an ineffective electric field; when an electric field is formed between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate and the intensity of the electric field is equal to or greater than the set threshold value, the hydrophobic layer area corresponding to the electric field shows hydrophilic characteristics to the transparent electrolyte, the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte and the hydrophobic layer is reduced, the transparent electrolyte enters the second hollow structure from the first hollow structure and contacts with part of the hydrophobic layer, and in the process, the transparent electrolyte pushes the colored ink in the second hollow structure to the edge of the second hollow structure away from the optical axis direction of the liquid aperture, which is equivalent to increasing the size of a light inlet hole for light to pass through, namely increasing the light inlet hole of the liquid aperture; because the electric field between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate can change the distribution of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink in the closed cavity, the electric field at the moment is equivalent to an effective electric field; when the electric field intensity between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate is changed from being equal to or larger than a set threshold value to being smaller than the set threshold value, the hydrophobic layer is changed from a hydrophilic characteristic to a hydrophobic characteristic relative to the transparent electrolyte, the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte and the hydrophobic layer is increased, the transparent electrolyte returns to the first hollow structure, the colored ink can be restored to be uniformly spread on the surface of the hydrophobic layer, and the light inlet hole of the liquid aperture is adjusted to be small.
In the working process, the size of an electric field formed between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate can be changed by controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate, so that the size of a contact angle of the transparent electrolyte on the hydrophobic layer is controlled, the wetting state of the transparent electrolyte on the hydrophobic layer can change the area of the colored ink covering the hydrophobic layer in the N second hollow structures, and the size of a light inlet hole of the liquid aperture is changed; that is to say, the liquid diaphragm provided by the application can adopt low-voltage drive to realize the drive adjustment of the liquid diaphragm, and can meet the requirement of the current consumer on the adjustment of the light inlet quantity of the diaphragm; in addition, in the process, the existence of the first hydrophilic part can enable the liquid diaphragm to have an opening all the time, and the roundness, the concentricity and the repeatability of the light inlet hole of the liquid diaphragm are improved.
In a possible implementation manner, the liquid aperture provided by the present application may have an aperture value in a range of 1.2 to 8.
Wherein, the retaining wall can be arranged in at least the following two ways. Firstly, a retaining wall is directly formed on one side of the second electrode polar plate facing the hydrophilic layer through an Ultraviolet (UV) photoetching process, the material of the retaining wall can be photoresist, and the retaining wall is bonded with the hydrophilic layer through an adhesive; the retaining wall is independent relative to the second electrode plate, the retaining wall and the second electrode plate, and the retaining wall and the hydrophilic layer are respectively bonded through an adhesive, and the retaining wall can be made of glass, PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) or other hard high-molecular polymers. In both of these ways, the adhesive may be selected from pressure sensitive adhesives or epoxy adhesives.
In the liquid diaphragm, the difference in density between the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink should be 0.09g/cm or less 3 So as to reduce the influence of gravity difference caused by density difference on the distribution state of the two as much as possible. In order to limit the volume of the closed cavity to ensure the capillary action of the structure, the height of the retaining wall (i.e. the size of the liquid aperture in the thickness direction) can be 0.05-2mm, and the thickness of the hydrophilic layer can be 0.5-3 um. The thicknesses of other structures are respectively as follows, the thickness of the hydrophobic layer can be 0.02-1um, the thickness of the insulating layer can be 0.5-1um, and the thickness of the first electrode plate and/or the second electrode plate can be 20-30 nm. As for the material of each layer structure in the liquid aperture, the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate may be made of transparent ITO (indium tin oxide) or nano-silver, the hydrophobic layer may be made of fluoropolymer, and the hydrophilic layer may be made of photoresist.
It should be understood that, in order to ensure the integrity and regularity of the whole structure of the liquid aperture, the outer edges of the first substrate, the first electrode pad, the insulating layer, the hydrophobic layer, the hydrophilic layer, the retaining wall, the second electrode pad and the second substrate may be configured in a matching structure in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture, where matching may refer to shape and size.
The shapes of the first substrate and the second substrate are not limited in the present application, as long as the surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate is a plane, and the surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate is a plane; the outer surface of the first substrate (corresponding to the surface of the first substrate away from the second substrate) may be a curved surface, and the outer surface of the second substrate (corresponding to the surface of the second substrate away from the first substrate) may also be a curved surface.
In one possible implementation, only one second hollow structure having an annular shape is present between the first hydrophilic portion and the second hydrophilic portion, that is, if N is 1, there is no other structure between the first hydrophilic portion and the second hydrophilic portion. Corresponding to the structure of the hydrophilic layer, the first electrode pad may include a first sub-electrode which is a solid circular plate and an axial lead of which is coaxial with an optical axis of the liquid aperture such that the first sub-electrode may correspond to the first hydrophilic part; along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture, the radius of the first sub-electrode is larger than that of the first hydrophilic part and smaller than that of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part, namely, the projection of the first hydrophilic part on the hydrophobic layer falls in the projection range of the first sub-electrode on the hydrophobic layer, and the projection of the second hydrophilic part on the hydrophobic layer is not connected with the projection of the first sub-electrode on the hydrophobic layer; when voltage is applied to the first sub-electrode and the second electrode polar plate, an electric field which is equal to or larger than a set threshold value is formed between the first sub-electrode and the second electrode polar plate, the hydrophobic layer area corresponding to the first sub-electrode shows hydrophilic property to the transparent electrolyte, and a contact angle between the transparent electrolyte corresponding to the first sub-electrode and the hydrophobic layer can be changed, so that the transparent electrolyte can be in contact with the hydrophobic layer, and the distribution state of the colored ink is further changed; the structure of the first sub-electrode relative to the first hydrophilic part and the second hydrophilic part limits the distribution range of the colored ink, namely the adjustment range for controlling the light entering amount of the liquid diaphragm.
In another possible implementation manner, only one second hollow structure in a circular ring shape is also present between the first hydrophilic portion and the second hydrophilic portion, that is, N is also 1, and there is no other structure between the first hydrophilic portion and the second hydrophilic portion. However, corresponding to the structure of the hydrophilic layer, the first electrode pad herein may include a central electrode and M arc electrodes disposed in the same layer, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the central electrode is a solid circular plate and is positioned in the central area of the first electrode polar plate; the axial lead of each arc electrode is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid aperture, the radius of each arc electrode is different, the central electrode and each arc electrode are respectively externally connected with at least one lead, and in use, voltage can be respectively applied to the central electrode and each arc electrode; the radius of the outer edge of the arc electrode positioned at the outermost side of the first electrode polar plate is larger than that of the first hydrophilic part and smaller than that of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture. The width between the circular arc electrode adjacent to the central electrode and the central electrode is 10-50 μm, the width between any two adjacent circular arc electrodes is 10-50 μm, and the width enables the transparent electrolyte to move depending on the motion inertia of the transparent electrolyte when the transparent electrolyte is not influenced by the electric field between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, so that the size of the liquid aperture can be adjusted by the first electrode plate with the structure.
In another possible implementation manner, when the number of the second hollow structures is 2, that is, N is 2; in this mode, one annular third hydrophilic portion exists between the first hydrophilic portion and the second hydrophilic portion; the axial lead of the third hydrophilic part is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid diaphragm, the radius of the inner edge of the third hydrophilic part is larger than that of the first hydrophilic part, and the radius of the outer edge of the third hydrophilic part is smaller than that of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part, namely, the third hydrophilic part is not connected with the first hydrophilic part and is not connected with the second hydrophilic part, so that a second hollow structure is formed between the first hydrophilic part and the third hydrophilic part, and a second hollow structure is formed between the second hydrophilic part and the third hydrophilic part; correspondingly, the first electrode plate comprises a first sub-electrode and a third sub-electrode, the first sub-electrode is a solid circular plate and is positioned in the central area of the first electrode plate, the third sub-electrode is arc-shaped and surrounds the first sub-electrode; the axial lead of the first sub-electrode and the axial lead of the third sub-electrode are coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid aperture, and the first sub-electrode and the third sub-electrode are respectively externally connected with at least one lead; wherein the radius of the outer edge of the first sub-electrode is larger than the radius of the first hydrophilic part and smaller than the radius of the inner edge of the third hydrophilic part; the radius of the inner edge of the third sub-electrode is greater than that of the inner edge of the third hydrophilic part, and the radius of the outer edge of the third sub-electrode is greater than that of the outer edge of the third hydrophilic part and less than that of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part. The liquid diaphragm with the structure can form a light inlet hole comprising a circular opening hole and an annular opening hole surrounding the opening hole, an electric field is correspondingly formed among the first sub-electrode, the third sub-electrode and the second electrode polar plate, the distribution of colored ink corresponding to the two hollow structures can be correspondingly controlled, and the size of the light inlet hole of the liquid diaphragm is further controlled to be adjusted.
In another possible implementation manner, N is more than or equal to 3, namely 3, 4, 5 or even more integral second hollow structures exist between the first hydrophilic part and the second hydrophilic part; the hydrophilic layer also comprises N-1 annular third hydrophilic parts positioned between the first hydrophilic part and the second hydrophilic part, and the axial lead of each third hydrophilic part is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid aperture; along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture, the hydrophilic layer is from inside to outside, and the radius of the inner edge of the xth third hydrophilic part is r xi The radius of the outer edge is r xj All the third hydrophilic portions have a size satisfying the following condition: r is 1i <r 1j <r 2i <r 2j <……r (N－1)i <r (N－1)j (ii) a Correspondingly, the first electrode plate comprises a first sub-electrode and N-1 third sub-electrodes, and the N-1 third sub-electrodes correspond to the N-1 third hydrophilic parts one by one; the first sub-electrode is positioned in the central area of the first electrode polar plate, the first sub-electrode is a solid circular plate, the axial lead of the first sub-electrode is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid diaphragm, each third sub-electrode is arc-shaped, and the axial lead of each third sub-electrode is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid diaphragm; the first sub-electrode and each third sub-electrode are externally connected with at least one lead respectively; along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture, the first electrode plate is from inside to outside, and the inner edge of the y-th third sub-electrodeThe radius of the edge is R yi The radius of the outer edge is R yj The sizes of all the third sub-electrodes satisfy the following condition: r 1i <R 1j <R 2i <R 2j <……R (N－1)i <R (N－1)j (ii) a Wherein a radius of the first sub-electrode is greater than a radius of the first hydrophilic portion and less than a radius of an inner edge of a third hydrophilic portion adjacent to the first hydrophilic portion; for N-1 third hydrophilic portions and N-1 third sub-electrodes, when x ═ y, r xi ＜R yi ＜r xj ＜R yj (ii) a The liquid diaphragm of this structure can be formed to include a circular opening and at least two light inlets surrounding the circular opening, and in operation, the size adjustment of the light inlets of the liquid diaphragm can be achieved by controlling the voltages applied to different parts of the first electrode plate (the first sub-electrode and the N-1 third sub-electrodes).
Specifically, in each set of the third hydrophilic portion and the third sub-electrode corresponding to each other, that is, when x ═ y, R yi －r xi And the structure is set to be more than or equal to 10 mu m, and the distribution range of the colored ink in the corresponding second hollow structure can be limited.
In a possible implementation manner, the first electrode pad may further include a second sub-electrode located in a peripheral region of the first electrode pad, the second sub-electrode is equivalent to an outermost structure located in the first electrode pad, the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode are arranged in the same layer, a hollow portion is formed in a middle of the second sub-electrode, the first electrode pad is located in a central region of the second sub-electrode, and the second sub-electrode is externally connected with at least one lead. The distance between the inner edge of the second sub-electrode and the optical axis of the liquid aperture is smaller than the radius of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part, so that the projection of the second hollow structure closest to the second sub-electrode on the hydrophobic layer and the projection of the second sub-electrode on the hydrophobic layer have an overlapping area, when the size of the light inlet of the liquid aperture is reduced, voltage can be applied to the second sub-electrode and the second electrode plate, the wettability between the hydrophobic layer corresponding to the second sub-electrode and the transparent electrolyte is changed, the transparent electrolyte applies pressure to the part of the colored ink corresponding to the second sub-electrode, the colored ink is promoted to move to the inner edge of the second hollow structure, and the reduction of the liquid aperture is promoted equivalently. In work, different voltages can be applied to the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode, so that the intensity difference exists between an electric field formed between the first sub-electrode and the second electrode polar plate and an electric field formed between the second sub-electrode and the second electrode polar plate, and the size of the liquid aperture light inlet is adjusted as required.
In the liquid aperture provided by the application, the second electrode plate can be a solid plate-shaped structure which is continuous and has no hollow-out, unlike the first electrode plate.
In a mode that can realize, in view of above-mentioned structure of hydrophilic layer, along the direction of perpendicular to liquid light ring optical axis, the distance of barricade inward flange distance liquid light ring optical axis is greater than the inward flange diameter of second hydrophilic portion, is equivalent to, the projection of above-mentioned barricade on the hydrophobic layer falls in the projection range of second hydrophilic portion on the hydrophobic layer for colored printing ink can not contact with the barricade, prevents colored printing ink and second electrode polar plate contact under capillary action. Specifically, a distance between an inner edge of the retaining wall and an inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the liquid aperture may be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.
The second aspect, based on the structure of above-mentioned liquid light ring, this application still provides an electronic equipment, and this electronic equipment can specifically be for having the smart mobile phone, panel computer, the intelligent wrist-watch etc. of making a video recording the function. The electronic equipment comprises an equipment body, a mainboard and a camera, wherein the mainboard is arranged in the equipment body, and the camera is arranged on the equipment body; the camera is internally provided with any one of the liquid diaphragms, and the main board is electrically connected with the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate of the liquid diaphragm; when the liquid aperture adjusting device is used, the main board is used for adjusting the voltage applied to the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate so as to change an electric field formed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, the adjustment of the size of the light inlet hole of the liquid aperture can be driven, and therefore the adjustment requirement of electronic equipment on the light inlet quantity during photographing or shooting is met.
In a third aspect, the present application further provides a method for driving a liquid diaphragm, which is used for adjusting the size of a light inlet of the liquid diaphragm, and specifically includes the following steps:
acquiring an aperture adjusting instruction;
when the aperture adjusting instruction indicates to enlarge the aperture, the electric field intensity between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate is increased so as to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink, and the colored ink moves to the outer edge of the corresponding second hollow structure so as to increase the light penetrating through the liquid aperture;
and when the aperture adjusting instruction indicates to reduce the aperture, reducing the electric field intensity between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate so as to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink, and spreading the colored ink to the corresponding hydrophobic layer so as to reduce the light penetrating through the liquid aperture.
It should be understood that the electric field intensity between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate is changed by changing the voltage applied to the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, and the change of the electric field can change the contact angle between the hydrophobic layer and the transparent electrolyte, so as to change the wettability between the hydrophobic layer and the transparent electrolyte, so that the transparent electrolyte can move in the closed cavity, further push the colored ink to move, and realize the size adjustment of the light inlet hole of the liquid aperture.
The method comprises the following steps that at least two modes are included for obtaining an aperture adjusting instruction, wherein one mode is that the aperture adjusting instruction sent by a user is directly obtained, namely the user can directly change the voltage applied to a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate; and secondly, acquiring an aperture adjusting instruction sent by a control center, wherein the control center can be a main board in the electronic equipment, and controlling the liquid aperture through a software program.
In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a driving device for a liquid diaphragm, the driving device being configured to drive the liquid diaphragm. For example, the driving device may include modules or units for performing respective operations in the driving method of the liquid iris described above, such as including an acquisition module and an electric field adjustment module. The acquisition module is used for acquiring an aperture adjusting instruction, and the electric field adjusting module is used for calling the aperture adjusting instruction to execute the following processes: the second hollow structure is used for increasing the electric field intensity between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate when the aperture adjusting instruction indicates to increase the aperture so as to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink and enable the colored ink to move to the outer edge of the corresponding second hollow structure so as to increase the light rays penetrating through the liquid aperture; or the electric field adjusting module is also used for reducing the aperture according to the aperture adjusting instruction, and reducing the electric field intensity between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate so as to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink and spread the colored ink on the corresponding hydrophobic layer so as to reduce the light penetrating through the liquid aperture.
In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides an electronic device comprising a processor, a memory, and any one of the above-mentioned technical solutions. Wherein the memory is used for storing program instructions; the processor is used for calling the stored program instructions from the memory and executing the driving method through the liquid diaphragm.
Drawings
FIGS. 1a and 1b are schematic structural views of a mechanical diaphragm;
FIG. 1c is a schematic diagram illustrating the adjustment of the size of the liquid aperture;
FIG. 1d is a schematic diagram of the electrowetting effect;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid stop according to an embodiment of the present disclosure when the liquid stop is not filled with liquid;
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a first substrate in a liquid stop according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram illustrating a second substrate of a liquid stop according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3d is a schematic structural diagram of a first electrode plate in a liquid aperture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3e is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating layer in a liquid aperture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3f is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrophobic layer in a liquid aperture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3g is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrophilic layer in a liquid aperture provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3h is a schematic structural view of a baffle wall in a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3i is a schematic structural diagram of a second electrode plate in a liquid aperture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3j is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid stop according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3k is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid stop according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3l is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid stop according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3m to fig. 3p are schematic diagrams illustrating a process of adjusting a size of a light inlet of a liquid iris according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4a is a schematic structural diagram of a first electrode pad in a liquid aperture according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid aperture according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of a first electrode plate in a liquid aperture according to a third embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid aperture provided in the third embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6a is a schematic structural diagram of a first electrode pad in a liquid aperture according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid aperture according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7a is a schematic structural view of a hydrophilic layer in a liquid aperture provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7b is a schematic structural diagram of a first electrode plate in a liquid aperture according to a fifth embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7c is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid stop according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7d to 7j are schematic diagrams illustrating a process of adjusting the size of a light inlet of a liquid diaphragm according to a fifth embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8a is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrophilic layer in a liquid aperture according to a sixth embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8b is a schematic structural diagram of a first electrode pad in a liquid aperture according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8c is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid stop according to a sixth embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8d to fig. 8h are schematic diagrams illustrating a process of adjusting a size of a light inlet of a liquid iris according to a sixth embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9a is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrophilic layer in a liquid aperture provided in an embodiment seven of the present application;
fig. 9b is a schematic structural diagram of a first electrode plate in a liquid aperture according to a seventh embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a retainer ring in a liquid crystal display according to an eighth embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a retainer ring in a liquid crystal bezel, according to a ninth embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a hydrophilic layer in a liquid aperture provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrophobic layer in a liquid aperture according to an eleventh embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 14a to 14c are schematic structural views of a liquid diaphragm according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 16 is a schematic flowchart of a liquid crystal aperture driving method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, an application scenario of the present application will be described, in which a liquid diaphragm is a novel diaphragm, and can be applied to an apparatus having a camera function to control a light incoming amount of a camera, and particularly, an electronic apparatus having miniaturization requirements on volume, quality, and space is provided. The current liquid diaphragm has various problems, such as high driving voltage, small adjustable range of the opening size, insufficient circle of the opening, low repeatability of the central position of the opening and complex structure, and the defects influence the commercial feasibility of the liquid diaphragm. Therefore, this application embodiment provides a liquid diaphragm, and this liquid diaphragm adopts comparatively simple structural design, combines the electrowetting principle to realize the regulation to camera light inlet volume size.
Next, the structure of the liquid diaphragm provided in the present application will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to the schematic perspective view of the liquid aperture 01 shown in fig. 2, the liquid aperture 01 includes a first substrate 1, a first electrode plate 2, an insulating layer 3, a hydrophobic layer 4, a hydrophilic layer 5, a retaining wall 6, a second electrode plate 7, and a second substrate 8, which are disposed next to each other from bottom to top in the Y direction of fig. 2, where the Y direction is also parallel to the optical axis direction of the liquid aperture 01.
Referring to fig. 2, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 8 correspond to two upper and lower base structures of the liquid diaphragm 01, and therefore, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 8 are respectively solid plate-shaped structures, which are continuous and have no hollow. The first substrate 1 may provide a bearing and support for the first electrode pad 2, and the second substrate 8 may provide a bearing and support for the second electrode pad 7. In addition, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 8 may also provide protection for the structure of the entire liquid diaphragm 01.
It should be understood that the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 in fig. 2 are shown in a layered structure in order to show the distribution positions of the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 in the whole liquid aperture 01 in a clear structure; in the actual preparation process of the liquid diaphragm 01, the circuit traces in the first electrode pad 2 that play the role of electrodes may be formed on a substrate (the first electrode pad 2 shown in fig. 2 is formed by the circuit traces on a plate-shaped structure, or the circuit traces may be directly formed on the first substrate 1 by electroplating or the like (at this time, the thickness of the first electrode pad 2 may be in the nanometer level, and although the thickness is extremely thin, the first electrode pad 2 still has a certain thickness, which is structurally protruded from the surface of the first substrate 1, so that the first electrode pad 2 may still be understood as a "layer"); correspondingly, the circuit that functions as an electrode on the second electrode pad 7 may be formed on a substrate (the second electrode pad 7 shown in fig. 2 is formed by a circuit trace on a plate-shaped structure), or the circuit trace may be directly formed on the second substrate 8 by electroplating or the like (in this case, the thickness of the second electrode pad 7 may be on the order of nanometers, and although the thickness is particularly thin, the second electrode pad 7 has a certain thickness and structurally protrudes from the surface of the second substrate 8, and thus the second electrode pad 7 may still be understood as a "layer"). That is, the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 are shown in a layered structure in fig. 2, which is only used to illustrate the positions of the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 in the whole liquid aperture 01, and is not used to limit the specific implementation forms of the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7.
The insulating layer 3 is disposed on a side of the first electrode pad 2 facing the second substrate 8, and can insulate and isolate the first electrode pad 2 from the hydrophobic layer 4, which is also equivalent to insulate and isolate the hydrophobic layer 4 and the structure thereon from the first electrode pad 2. The insulating layer 3 is a solid plate-shaped structure made of insulating materials, and the structure is continuous and has no hollow; the outer edge of the insulating layer 3 is rectangular to match the first substrate 1, the thickness of the insulating layer 3 is 0.5-1 μm, for example, the thickness of the insulating layer 3 may be 0.5 μm, 0.6 μm, 0.8 μm, 1 μm.
Here, the hydrophobic layer 4 and the hydrophilic layer 5 are relative terms, and both of them are relatively hydrophobic or relatively hydrophilic characteristics exhibited by the same liquid, and of course, "water" herein refers to a liquid flowable substance and is not limited to water in common sense; the hydrophobic layer 4 is a layered material exhibiting hydrophobic properties with respect to the liquid, and the hydrophilic layer 5 is a layered material exhibiting hydrophilic properties with respect to the liquid.
When the liquid diaphragm 01 is used, a light inlet hole for light to pass through needs to be formed in the middle of the structure with the light blocking property, and it should be understood that the optical axis direction of the liquid diaphragm 01 is parallel to the Y direction, that is, light rays can pass through the liquid diaphragm 01 in a manner of being parallel to the Y direction. In the embodiment of the present application, the first substrate 1, the first electrode 2, the insulating layer 3, the hydrophobic layer 4, the hydrophilic layer 5, the second electrode 7, and the second substrate 8 have light transmittance, and the dam wall 6 has light blocking property, and the formation manner of the light inlet and the adjustment of the light inlet will be exemplarily described below.
Example one
Referring to fig. 3a, a schematic cross-sectional structure of a liquid diaphragm 01 is illustrated, in order to clearly show a hardware structure of the liquid diaphragm 01, the liquid diaphragm 01 illustrated in fig. 3a is not filled with liquid. Referring to fig. 3a, the liquid aperture 01 includes a first substrate 1, a first electrode plate 2 (shown as a first sub-electrode 21), an insulating layer 3, a hydrophobic layer 4, a hydrophilic layer 5, a dam 6, a second electrode plate 7, and a second substrate 8, which are disposed next to each other in sequence (in the Y direction in fig. 3a, i.e., the direction from bottom to top in the Y direction, it should be understood that the optical axis direction of the liquid aperture 01 is parallel to the Y direction) in the Y direction. The central region of the retaining wall 6 has a first hollow structure a1, the hydrophilic layer 5 has a second hollow structure a2, and the first hollow structure a1 and the second hollow structure a2 are communicated, so that a closed cavity a is formed between the second electrode plate 7, the hydrophilic layer 5, the retaining wall 6 and the hydrophobic layer 4, which will be described in detail below with reference to the structures of the layers.
On the basis of the structure of the liquid diaphragm 01 shown in fig. 3a, fig. 3b and 3c show the structures of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 8 in the embodiment of the present application, and the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 8 are both solid plate-shaped structures, and the outer edge shape thereof is rectangular in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid diaphragm 01. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the first substrate 1 and both the upper and lower surfaces of the second substrate 8 are planar as shown in fig. 3b and 3 c. The first substrate 1 and the second substrate 8 herein have better light transmittance in practical implementation, and in a possible implementation, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 8 may be made of glass.
Fig. 3d shows the structure of the first electrode plate 2, the first electrode plate 2 includes a first sub-electrode 21 which is a solid transparent electrode with a plate shape, and the structure is continuous without hollowing, and the specific material can be ITO, nano silver or other transparent electrode materials; a lead 201 is externally connected to the first sub-electrode 21, and when a voltage is applied to the first electrode pad 2, an external power supply can be connected through the lead 201; it should be understood that only one lead 201 is shown here, and in practical applications, one or more leads 201 may be provided according to specific application scenarios; in addition, the connection direction of the lead 201 and the first sub-electrode 21 is not limited to the same layer as the first sub-electrode 21 shown in fig. 3d, and may be adjusted according to the arrangement manner of the first electrode pad 2 in a specific structure. Here, when the first sub-electrode 21 is directly formed on the first substrate 1 by electroplating, the thickness of the first electrode pad 2 may be 20 to 30nm, and for example, the thickness of the first electrode pad 2 may be 20nm, 22nm, 25nm, 28nm, or 30 nm.
Referring to fig. 3e, the insulating layer 3 is a solid plate-shaped structure made of an insulating material, and the structure is continuous and has no hollow.
Structure of the hydrophobic layer 4 referring to fig. 3f, the hydrophobic layer 4 is a continuous and solid layered structure disposed on a side of the insulating layer 3 away from the first electrode pad 2, and the hydrophobic layer 4 may be a solid plate-shaped structure made of fluoropolymer, and has good light transmittance; the outer edge of which is rectangular to match the first substrate 1 and has a thickness of 0.02-1 μm, for example, the hydrophobic layer 4 may have a thickness of 0.02 μm, 0.1 μm, 0.25 μm, 0.3 μm, 0.5 μm, 0.75 μm, 1 μm; the water-gas contact angle of the hydrophobic layer 4 should be larger than 110 ° at normal temperature and pressure without applying electricity.
The hydrophilic layer 5 is a layered structure arranged on the side of the hydrophobic layer 4 far away from the insulating layer 3, but the layered structure of the hydrophilic layer 5 is discontinuous; referring to fig. 3g, the structure of the hydrophilic layer 5, the hydrophilic layer 5 includes a first hydrophilic portion 51 and a second hydrophilic portion 52, the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the second hydrophilic portion 52 are disposed on the same layer on the hydrophobic layer 4, and the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the second hydrophilic portion 52 have the same thickness; the first hydrophilic portion 51 has a cylindrical shape, and the first hydrophilic portion 51 is located in the central region of the entire hydrophilic layer 5; the second hydrophilic part 52 is in a frame shape, the outer edge is shown in a rectangular shape, the central area is provided with a cylindrical hollow, namely, the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part 52 is equivalent to a cylindrical surface, the first hydrophilic part 51 is positioned in the central area of the cylindrical hollow, and a circular second hollow structure A2 is formed between the inner edge of the cylindrical hollow of the second hydrophilic layer 51 and the outer edge of the first hydrophilic part 51; in operation, the axis of the second hollow structure a2 is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid aperture 01; the second hollow structure a2 is equivalent to penetrating the hydrophilic layer 5 in the thickness direction of the hydrophilic layer 5, and thus the surface of the hydrophobic layer 4 facing the second electrode pad 7 may be partially exposed from the second hollow structure a 2. The hydrophilic layer 5 can be made of photoresist with a thickness of 0.5-3 μm, for example, the hydrophilic layer 5 can have a thickness of 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 1.6 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm; under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure and no electrification, the water-gas contact angle of the hydrophilic layer 5 is less than 70 degrees.
The retaining wall 6 is arranged between the hydrophilic layer 5 and the second electrode plate 7, the retaining wall 6 is also frame-shaped, as shown in fig. 3h, the outer edge of the retaining wall 6 is rectangular matched with the first substrate 2, and the middle part of the retaining wall has a cylindrical hollow, that is, the inner edge of the retaining wall 6 is equivalent to a cylindrical surface, and the cylindrical hollow forms a first hollow structure a 1; it should be understood that the first hollow structure a1 penetrates the retaining wall 6 along the thickness of the retaining wall 6 so that a part of the surface of the second electrode pad 7 facing the first electrode pad 2 is exposed. Here, the height of the retaining wall 6 (i.e., the dimension in the Y direction shown in fig. 3 a) is 0.05-2mm, for example, the height of the retaining wall 6 may be 0.05mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.6mm, 2 mm; here, the retaining wall 6 may be made of a photoresist, and is directly formed on the second electrode plate 7 by UV lithography, and the retaining wall 6 and the hydrophilic layer 5 are independent from each other, and during preparation, they need to be bonded by an adhesive (such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, an epoxy adhesive, etc.), such a bonding manner is beneficial to reducing stress of the insulating layer 3, the hydrophobic layer 4, and the hydrophilic layer 5, and can improve reliability and lifetime of the device.
With reference to fig. 3a, fig. 3g and fig. 3h, the first hollow structure a1 and the second hollow structure a2 in the embodiment of the present application are communicated, so that a closed cavity a is formed between the hydrophobic layer 4, the second electrode pad 7, the hydrophilic layer 5 and the retaining wall 6, and the retaining wall 6 and the hydrophilic layer 5 serve as a blocking structure between the hydrophobic layer 4 and the second electrode pad 7.
Referring to fig. 3i, the second electrode plate 7 may be a rectangular transparent electrode, and a specific material may be ITO, nano silver, or other transparent electrode materials, where the second electrode plate 7 is also a solid plate structure, and an outer edge of the second electrode plate is a rectangle matching the first substrate 1. When the second electrode pad 7 is directly formed on the first substrate 1 by electroplating, the thickness of the second electrode pad 7 may be 20-30nm, for example, the thickness of the second electrode pad 7 may be 20nm, 22nm, 25nm, 28nm, or 30 nm.
The liquid aperture 01 shown in fig. 3j can be obtained by sequentially aligning and stacking the above structures in a set order, and in this liquid aperture 01, the first electrode 2 is shown in the form of the first sub-electrode 21. It should be understood that for structural integrity, the outer edges of the first substrate 1, the insulating layer 3, the hydrophobic layer 4, the hydrophilic layer 5, the retaining walls 6, the second electrode 7 and the second substrate 8 may be of the same shape, while the first electrode 2 may be filled with other structures 2' at the edges of the first sub-electrode 21 as shown in fig. 3k so that the outer edges of the area where the first electrode 2 is located may also be kept in alignment with the structures of other layers.
Taking the structure of the liquid aperture shown in fig. 3k as an example, in combination with the structure shown in fig. 3a, the closed cavity a is filled with a transparent electrolyte 9 and a colored ink 10. The transparent electrolyte 9 is a transparent salt-containing solution, and has a high transmittance for a part or all of the visible light and infrared light. The colored ink 10 is an oily liquid containing a dye and has a low transmittance for a part or all of the visible light and infrared light. That is, when the liquid diaphragm 01 is applied to an apparatus having an image pickup function, light can pass through the transparent electrolyte 9 but substantially cannot pass through the colored ink 10, and the distribution state of the colored ink 10 can be represented as a state in which a shadow is formed around the periphery of the light entrance, that is, the distribution of the colored ink 10 determines the size of the light entrance of the liquid diaphragm 01, and here the distribution state of the colored ink 10 is changed by the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte 9. The hydrophilic characteristic of the hydrophilic layer 5 and the hydrophobic characteristic of the hydrophobic layer 4 in the embodiment of the present application are embodied relative to the transparent electrolyte 9, in addition, the surface adsorption capacity of the hydrophilic layer 5 to the transparent electrolyte 9 is greater than the surface adsorption capacity of the hydrophobic layer 4 to the transparent electrolyte 9, and the surface adsorption capacity of the hydrophilic layer 5 to the colored ink 10 is less than the surface adsorption capacity of the hydrophobic layer 4 to the colored ink 10; in the working process, the distribution state of the colored ink 10 can be changed by changing the wetting state among the transparent electrolyte 9, the hydrophobic layer 4 and the hydrophilic layer 5, and the adjustment of the size of the light inlet hole of the liquid aperture 01 is realized.
Referring to fig. 3k, a transparent electrolyte 9 and a colored ink 10 are filled in the closed cavity a, and are incompatible with each other, and a boundary surface is always present between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 (as shown in fig. 3k, the colored ink 10 is substantially filled in the second hollow structure a2, the transparent electrolyte 9 is substantially filled in the first hollow structure a1, the boundary surface between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 is substantially equivalent to the contact surface of the retaining wall 6 and the hydrophilic layer 5, and the colored ink 10 slightly protrudes toward the transparent electrolyte 9 under the surface tension of the liquid); it should be understood that due to the liquid nature of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the structural confinement of the closed cavity a, the transparent electrolyte 9 is not completely free from any contact with the hydrophobic layer 4, and on a microscopic level, the transparent electrolyte 9 has a little (as little as not shown in the figure) wet connection with the hydrophobic layer 4 at the edge of the second hollow structure a2, but macroscopically represents the state shown in fig. 3 k; such a relationship is the basis for achieving a change in the contact angle between the water-repellent layer 4 and the transparent electrolyte 9.
In the state shown in fig. 3k, the volume of the closed cavity a occupied by the transparent electrolyte 9 is constant, as is the volume of the closed cavity a occupied by the colored ink 10. It will be appreciated that if the transparent electrolyte 9 flows towards the space occupied by the coloured ink 10, the transparent electrolyte 9 will be equivalent to intruding into the space occupied by the coloured ink 10 and the coloured ink 10 will be "squeezed" into the space left free by the transparent electrolyte 9.
It should be noted that, in order to satisfy the above distribution state of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10, the density of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the density of the colored ink 10 should ideally be equal, but this effect cannot be achieved by the current process, and in consideration of the process realizability, here, the difference in density between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 is 0.09g/cm or less 3 Such a small density difference can minimize the influence of gravity on the distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 due to the density difference, and the small density difference can maintain a relatively stable position and shape between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10. In addition, in practical implementation, the distance between the second electrode pad 7 and the hydrophobic layer 4 (which also corresponds to the sum of the thicknesses of the hydrophilic layer 5 and the retaining wall 6) is as small as possible, so that the capillary action within the whole closed cavity is strong enough to counteract a part of the gravity difference between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 for the influence of the shape and distribution variations of both.
In the structure shown in fig. 3k, the transparent electrolyte 9 separates the colored ink 10 from the second electrode pad 7, and the transparent electrolyte 9 can be electrically connected to the second electrode pad 7, and in operation, a voltage can be applied to the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7, respectively, so that an electric field is formed between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7, and if the strength of the formed electric field is equal to or greater than a set threshold of the electric field strength, the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 will decrease under the electrowetting principle. When the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 is reduced, the transparent electrolyte 9 will move downward to contact with the hydrophobic layer 4, the transparent electrolyte 9 will occupy a part of the space occupied by the colored ink 10, and the colored ink 10 will be pressed by the transparent electrolyte 9, that is, the shape and distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 in the closed cavity a will change. In this variation, since light can pass through the transparent electrolyte 9 but can be blocked by the colored ink 10, the distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 in the closed cavity a is equivalent to the size of the light inlet hole of the liquid diaphragm 01. Therefore, the electric field intensity between the first electrode plate 2 and the second electrode plate 7 can be changed by controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode plate 2 and the second electrode plate 7, and further the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 in the closed cavity a can be changed, and through reasonable structural design, the state change between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 can be reflected as the amplification and reduction of the light entering amount of the liquid aperture 01. It should be understood that the above-mentioned threshold value capable of changing the electric field of the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 in the closed cavity a is equivalent to adjusting the critical electric field value of the liquid aperture 01 to be enlarged or reduced, when the electric field intensity formed between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the electric field is an effective electric field, and when the electric field intensity formed between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 is less than the threshold value, the electric field is an ineffective electric field.
Referring to fig. 3l, with the hydrophobic layer 4 as a reference, the projection range of the first hydrophilic portion 51 on the hydrophobic layer 4 can refer to B1, and the projection range of the second hydrophilic portion 52 on the hydrophobic layer 4 can refer to B21 and B22; the projection range of the first sub-electrode 21 of the first electrode pad 2 on the hydrophobic layer 4 can be referred to as B3, and it can be seen that the projection of the first hydrophilic portion 51 on the hydrophobic layer 4 falls within the projection of the first sub-electrode 21 on the hydrophobic layer 4, and the projection of the first sub-electrode 21 on the hydrophobic layer 4 is not connected with the projection of the second hydrophilic portion 52 on the hydrophobic layer 4. The projection of the retaining wall 6 on the hydrophobic layer 4 falls within the projection range of the second hydrophilic part 52 on the hydrophobic layer 4, the size of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part 52 is B4, the size of the cylindrical hollow of the central area of the retaining wall 6 is B5, and B4 is smaller than B5; in other words, in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture 01 (i.e., the X direction in fig. 3 l), the radius of the outer edge of the first sub-electrode 21 is larger than the radius of the first hydrophilic portion 51 and smaller than the radius of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52; the distance from the inner edge of the retaining wall 6 to the optical axis is greater than the radius of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part 51, here, the inner edge of the retaining wall 6 is equivalent to a cylindrical surface, and then the distance from the inner edge of the retaining wall 6 to the optical axis is the radius of the inner edge of the retaining wall 6; and, the minimum dimension B6 between the inner edge of the retaining wall 6 (corresponding to the cylindrical hollowed-out side wall of the central region of the retaining wall 6) and the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part 52 is not less than 0.1mm, i.e., the distance between the inner edge of the retaining wall 6 and the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part 52 is not less than 0.1 mm. In view of the working principle of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the following will describe in detail the working process of the liquid diaphragm 01 illustrated in fig. 3 l.
Referring to the state of the liquid aperture 01 shown in fig. 3m, the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 are filled in the closed cavity a, and an interface exists between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10. At this time, no voltage is applied to both the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7, and thus no electric field is formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7 (or, voltages are applied to the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7 but the electric field formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7 is not an effective electric field), the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the water-repellent layer 4 is large, the water-repellent layer 4 exhibits a hydrophobic property for the transparent electrolyte 9, the transparent electrolyte 9 is basically filled in the first hollow structure a1, the colored ink 10 is basically filled in the second hollow structure a2, the colored ink 10 is equivalent to form an ink ring capable of blocking light from passing through, the inner circle of the ink ring is equivalent to the light inlet hole K of the liquid diaphragm 01, the size of the light inlet hole K of the liquid diaphragm 01 is equivalent to the size of the first hydrophilic part 51, and is also equivalent to the size of the inner circle of the colored ink 10 (see the structural schematic of the ink ring below fig. 3 m).
As shown in fig. 3n, when a voltage is applied to the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7 such that an effective electric field with sufficient strength is formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7, so that the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 is reduced, the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the first sub-electrode 21 exhibits hydrophilic property to the transparent electrolyte 9, the transparent electrolyte 9 will go down into the second hollow structure a2 along the arrow in fig. 3n, which is vertical downward, and contact with the hydrophobic layer 4, such movement of the transparent electrolyte 9 will generate a pushing force in the direction of the horizontal arrow in fig. 3n to push the colored ink 10 to the outer edge of the second hollow structure a2 (corresponding to the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52), and at the same time, due to the constant volume of the colored ink 10, the colored ink 10 increases in height, however, the transparent electrolyte 9 still separates the colored ink 10 from the second electrode pad 7; in the state shown in fig. 3n, the outer diameter of the ink ring formed by the colored ink 10 is not changed, but the inner diameter is increased, which corresponds to the increase of the light entrance hole K of the liquid diaphragm 01.
In a state where an effective electric field capable of driving the transparent electrolyte 9 to move is formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7, the transparent electrolyte 9 continues to move in the direction of the arrow in fig. 3n and always pushes the colored ink 10 toward the outer edge of the second hollow structure a2 (corresponding to the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52); since the electric field formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7 corresponds to the first sub-electrode 21, and the edge of the first sub-electrode 21 is smaller than the outer edge of the second hollow structure a2, when the transparent electrolyte 9 moves to the vicinity of the edge of the first sub-electrode 21, the electric field disappears, the transparent electrolyte 9 cannot move as shown in fig. 3n, the pushing and squeezing action on the colored ink 10 also disappears, the distribution range and shape of the colored ink 10 will be as shown in fig. 3o, that is, the colored ink 10 will adhere to the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52 at the outer edge of the second hollow structure a2, the width of the ink ring formed by the colored ink 10 reaches the minimum, and correspondingly, the size of the light inlet K of the liquid aperture 01 reaches the maximum. Of course, the height of the coloured ink 10 is at a maximum, where the transparent electrolyte 9 still separates the coloured ink 10 from the second electrode pad 7.
It can be seen that, in the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the size of the first hydrophilic portion 51 is equivalent to the minimum value defining the light entrance hole K of the liquid diaphragm 01, and the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52 is equivalent to the maximum value defining the light entrance hole K of the liquid diaphragm 01 (of course, the minimum width of the colored ink 10 after being squeezed should be considered here). In a possible implementation manner, the diameter of the first hydrophilic portion 51 may range from 0.5 mm to 2mm, and the diameter of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52 may range from 2.5 mm to 10mm, according to experimental data, the adjusting magnification range of the light inlet hole of the liquid diaphragm 01 in the embodiment of the present application is about 1.2 to 8, and in actual production and use, the adjusting magnification range may be selected according to use requirements.
It should be noted that, in the above working process, due to the structural design of the retaining wall 6 and the second hydrophilic portion 52, the colored ink 10 does not contact with the retaining wall 6 all the time, so that the colored ink 10 can be prevented from contacting the second electrode plate 7 along the retaining wall 6 due to capillary action, the resistance of the liquid diaphragm 01 closing after opening can be reduced, the driving voltage can be reduced, and the reaction speed of the liquid diaphragm 01 can be increased.
It can be seen that the liquid diaphragm 01 is transformed from fig. 3m to fig. 3n and then transformed to the state shown in fig. 3o, which is the process of enlarging the light inlet of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application; when the voltage applied to the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode plate 7 is removed or reduced to a level where an effective electric field cannot be formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode plate 7, the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 increases, the hydrophobic layer 4 exhibits hydrophobic characteristics for the transparent electrolyte 9, the transparent electrolyte 9 leaves the hydrophobic layer 4 in the direction of the vertical upward arrow shown in fig. 3p, the movement of the transparent electrolyte 9 leaves the space of the second hollow structure a2 to be occupied by the colored ink 10 moving along the horizontal arrow, and finally returns to the state shown in fig. 3m, that is, the liquid aperture 01 is changed from fig. 3o to fig. 3p to the state shown in fig. 3m, which is a process of reducing the light entrance hole of the liquid aperture 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application. In the whole adjusting process, the existence of the first hydrophilic part 51 can ensure that the center of the liquid diaphragm 01 always has a circular opening (which is equivalent to the minimum value of the light inlet hole K of the liquid diaphragm 01), an initial breaking point is provided for the colored ink 10, the roundness, the concentricity and the repeatability of the opening of the liquid diaphragm 01 are improved, the colored ink 10 can freely move in a certain range, and the opening range of the whole liquid diaphragm 01 has a larger adjusting space.
Example two
The liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is an improvement on the structure of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the first embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the second embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 4a, the first electrode plate 2 in the liquid diaphragm 01 includes a first sub-electrode 21 and a second sub-electrode 22, the first sub-electrode 21 is a circular solid plate-shaped structure, and is located in the central area of the entire first electrode plate 2, and the first sub-electrode 21 is externally connected with a lead 201; the second sub-electrode 22 is a frame shape with an opening, and the outer edge of the second sub-electrode is a rectangle matched with the first substrate 1; the central area of the second sub-electrode 22 is hollowed, the first sub-electrode 21 is located in the hollowed central area, and at least one lead 201 is externally connected to the second sub-electrode 22; in fig. 4a, two leads 201 are respectively externally connected to two sides of the opening of the second sub-electrode 22, and the lead 201 of the first sub-electrode 21 extends out from the opening of the second sub-electrode 22 and is parallel to the lead 201 of the second sub-electrode 22. The first sub-electrode 21 and the second sub-electrode 22 are not connected to each other, and an electrode gap C is formed therebetween, and the width of the electrode gap C may be 10 to 50 μm, for example, 10 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, or 50 μm. The presence of the electrode gap C isolates the first sub-electrode 21 from the second sub-electrode 22, and different voltages may be applied to the first sub-electrode 21 and the second sub-electrode 22, respectively, during operation.
The cross-sectional structure of the liquid aperture 01 is shown in fig. 4b, the size of the first sub-electrode 21 can refer to D1, the size of the second sub-electrode 22 can refer to D31 and D32, and the size of the second hydrophilic portion 52 can refer to D21 and D22, and it can be seen that the projection of the hydrophobic layer 4 of the second hydrophilic portion 52 falls within the projection range of the second sub-electrode 22 on the hydrophobic layer 4, that is, the radius of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52 is larger than that of the inner edge of the second sub-electrode 22. In the process of adjusting the light inlet of the liquid diaphragm 01, different voltages can be applied to the first sub-electrode 21 and the second sub-electrode 22 of the first electrode plate 2, so that different electric fields are respectively formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode plate 7 and between the second sub-electrode 22 and the second electrode plate 7, and the adjustment of the light inlet of the liquid diaphragm 01 can still be realized.
Specifically, when the light inlet of the liquid aperture 01 is enlarged, a large voltage is applied to the first sub-electrode 21 of the first electrode pad 2, so that an effective electric field is formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 2, a small voltage is applied to the second sub-electrode 22 of the first electrode pad 2, so that an effective electric field cannot be formed between the second sub-electrode 22 and the second electrode pad 2, the transparent electrolyte 9 still can realize the movement that fig. 3m is changed to fig. 3n and then to fig. 3o in the first embodiment, and the state change of the colored ink 10 realizes the enlargement of the light inlet of the liquid aperture 01. When the light inlet hole of the liquid diaphragm 01 is reduced, the voltage applied to the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode plate 7 is removed or reduced to a value at which an effective electric field cannot be formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode plate 7, the transparent electrolyte 9 can realize the movement of changing the diagram 3p to the diagram 3o and then to the diagram 3m in the first embodiment, and the reduction of the light inlet hole of the liquid diaphragm 01 is realized by the state change of the colored ink 10.
It should be understood that when a voltage is applied to the second sub-electrode 22, since the voltage applied thereto is very small, the electric field formed between the second sub-electrode 22 and the second electrode pad 7 has little influence on the magnitude of the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the water-repellent layer 4, as shown in fig. 4b, i.e. the area E corresponding to the range of the transparent electrolyte 9 that the electric field formed between the second electrode pad 7 and the second sub-electrode 22 can influence, the area E is very small; therefore, in the process of adjusting the aperture of the liquid diaphragm 01 to be large, it is considered that the state where the colored ink 10 is close to the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52 is not affected.
Furthermore, the projection of the second hollow structure a2 (i.e. the area where the colored ink 10 is distributed in fig. 4 b) on the hydrophobic layer 4 and the projection of the second sub-electrode 22 on the hydrophobic layer 4 have an overlap area (E area shown in fig. 4 b), i.e. in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture 01, the radius of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part 52 is larger than the distance of the inner edge of the second sub-electrode 22 from the optical axis (corresponding to the radius of the inner edge of the second sub-electrode 22). When the size of the light inlet of the liquid aperture 01 is adjusted to be small, a voltage may be applied to the second sub-electrode 22 and the second electrode pad 7, and the wettability between the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the second sub-electrode 22 and the transparent electrolyte 9 is changed, so that the transparent electrolyte 9 presses the portion of the colored ink 10 corresponding to the second sub-electrode 22, and the colored ink 10 is promoted to move to the inner edge of the second hollow structure a2, thereby reducing the light inlet of the liquid aperture 01.
In the process of controlling the light inlet and the light outlet of the liquid aperture 01 to be reduced, the voltage applied to the second sub-electrode 22 directly affects the duration and the range of the contact between the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the second sub-electrode 22 and the transparent electrolyte 9, and as long as the voltage applied to the second sub-electrode 22 is controlled, the requirement of pushing the colored ink 10 to move towards the inner edge of the second hollow structure a2 can be met. It should be understood that in this process, the voltage applied to the second sub-electrode 22 only acts at the moment of reducing the aperture of the liquid diaphragm 01, the action time is very short, even if the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the second sub-electrode 22 is in wetting contact with the transparent electrolyte 9, the contact time is very short, and the contact range is very small, which will not affect the normal reduction operation of the aperture of the liquid diaphragm 01.
EXAMPLE III
The liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is an improvement of the structure of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the first embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the first embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 5a, the first sub-electrode 21 includes a central electrode 211 and M circular arc electrodes 212 (where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and two circular arc electrodes 212 are shown in fig. 5 a), the central electrode 211 is a solid circular plate structure and is located in a central area of the first sub-electrode 21, and an axial line of each circular arc electrode 212 is coaxial with an axial line of the central electrode 211; at least one lead 201 is externally connected with the central electrode 211, and at least one lead 201 is externally connected with each arc electrode 212.
With continued reference to fig. 5a, a first gap F1 is formed between the circular arc electrodes 212 adjacent to the central electrode 211 (the circular arc electrode 212 closest to the central electrode 211 in fig. 5 a) and the central electrode 211, a second gap F2 is formed between any two adjacent circular arc electrodes 212 (two circular arc electrodes 212 in fig. 5 a), and the width of the first gap F1 may range from 10 μm to 50 μm, for example, the width of the first gap F1 may range from 10 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm; the width of the second gap F2 may also range from 10-50 μm, for example, the width of the second gap F2 may be 10 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm; it should be understood that the width of the first gap F1 and the width of the second gap F2 may be selected the same or different, and the configuration of fig. 5a is merely exemplary.
The cross-sectional structure of the liquid diaphragm 01 can be seen with reference to fig. 5b, and it should be understood that the first gap F1 and the second gap F2 are small enough to apply a voltage to the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7, so that an effective electric field is formed between the central electrode 211 of the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7, and between the arc electrodes 212 and the second electrode pad 7, respectively; when the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the central electrode 211 decreases, the transparent electrolyte 9 moves like that shown in fig. 3n, pushing the colored ink 10 to the inside of the second hydrophilic portion 52; when the transparent electrolyte 9 moves to the range of the water-repellent layer 4 corresponding to the first gap F1, the electric field disappears, and the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the water-repellent layer 4 cannot be controlled by the electric field, but because the first gap F1 is smaller, the transparent electrolyte 9 can continue to move to the area where the water-repellent layer 4 corresponding to the inner arc electrode 212 is located by means of the motion inertia of the transparent electrolyte 9 and push the color ink 10 to move; the transparent electrolyte 9 moves to the area where the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the outer arc electrode 212 is located, the electric field formed between the arc electrode 212 and the second electrode pad 7 can reduce the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4, the transparent electrolyte 9 continues to move in a manner similar to that shown in fig. 3n, the colored ink 10 is pushed to the inner side of the second hydrophilic portion 52, and finally the state shown in fig. 3o is achieved. Of course, the movement of the transparent electrolyte 9 between the two circular electrodes 212 can refer to the above movement process, and will not be described herein.
Example four
With reference to the second embodiment and the third embodiment, as shown in fig. 6a, the first electrode pad 2 in the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a first sub-electrode 21 and a second sub-electrode 22, where the second sub-electrode 22 is equivalent to the second sub-electrode 22 in the second embodiment. The first sub-electrode 21 is a solid circle and is located in the central area of the whole first electrode plate 2, and a lead 201 is externally connected to the first sub-electrode 21; the second sub-electrode 22 is a frame with an opening, a circular arc hollow is formed in the middle of the second sub-electrode, the first sub-electrode 21 is located in the central area of the circular hollow, and at least one lead 201 is externally connected to the second sub-electrode 22. The first sub-electrode 21 and the second sub-electrode 22 are not connected to each other, and an electrode gap C having a width of 10 to 50 μm is formed therebetween. The first sub-electrode 21 here corresponds to the first sub-electrode 21 in the third embodiment, the first sub-electrode 21 includes a central electrode 211 and M circular arc electrodes 212(M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, two circular arc electrodes 212 are shown in fig. 6 a), the central electrode 211 is a solid circular plate structure and is located in the central area of the first sub-electrode 21, and the axis of each circular arc electrode 212 is coaxial with the axis of the central electrode 211; at least one lead 201 is externally connected with the central electrode 211, and at least one lead 201 is externally connected with each arc electrode 212. A first gap F1 is formed between the arc electrode 212 adjacent to the center electrode 211 (the arc electrode 212 closest to the center electrode 211 in fig. 6 a) and the center electrode 211, a second gap F2 is formed between any two adjacent arc electrodes 212 (two arc electrodes 212 in fig. 6 a), the width of the first gap F1 may be in the range of 10-50 μm, and the width of the second gap F2 may be in the range of 10-50 μm; it should be understood that the width of the first gap F1 and the width of the second gap F2 may be selected to be the same or different, and the structure in fig. 6a is merely exemplary.
The schematic cross-sectional structure of the liquid diaphragm 01 can be seen from fig. 6b, and it should be understood that the working processes of the second embodiment and the third embodiment can be referred to when adjusting the light entrance of the liquid diaphragm 01, and are not described herein again.
EXAMPLE five
The liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is a structural improvement of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the second embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the second embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 7a, the hydrophilic layer 5 includes a first hydrophilic portion 51 and a second hydrophilic portion 52, the first hydrophilic portion 51 is cylindrical, and the first hydrophilic portion 51 is located in a central region of the entire hydrophilic layer 5; the second hydrophilic part 52 is frame-shaped, the outer edge is rectangular matched with the first substrate 1, the middle part is provided with a cylindrical hollow, and the first hydrophilic part 51 is positioned in the central area of the cylindrical hollow; there are 1 third hydrophilic portions 53 between the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the second hydrophilic portion 52, and the first hydrophilic portion 51, the second hydrophilic portion 52, and the third hydrophilic portion 53 are disposed on the hydrophobic layer 4 at the same layer and have the same height. The third hydrophilic portion 53 has a circular ring shape (it should be understood that the circular ring shape is also understood as a circular ring shape here because the thickness of the third hydrophilic portion 53 is small), and the axial center line of the third hydrophilic portion 53 is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid aperture 01. Wherein a second hollow structure a2 is formed between the first and third hydrophilic portions 51 and 53, and a second hollow structure a2 is formed between the second and third hydrophilic portions 52 and 53.
In view of the structure of the hydrophilic layer 5, the structure of the first electrode pad 2 in the embodiment of the present application can be as shown in fig. 7b, where the first electrode pad 2 includes a first sub-electrode 21, a second sub-electrode 22, and 1 third sub-electrode 23, and the third sub-electrode 23 corresponds to the third hydrophilic portion 53; the first sub-electrode 21 is a continuous solid circular plate structure without hollow (when the thickness of the first sub-electrode 21 is small enough, the first sub-electrode 21 can also be understood as a circle), and is located in the central area of the whole first electrode plate 2, and the first sub-electrode 21 is externally connected with a lead 201; the second sub-electrode 22 is frame-shaped, the outer edge of the second sub-electrode 22 is rectangular, the first sub-electrode 21 is arranged in the central area of the second sub-electrode 22, two ends of the opening of the second sub-electrode 22 are respectively externally connected with a lead 201, and the lead 201 of the first sub-electrode 21 extends out of the opening of the second sub-electrode 22; the third sub-electrode 23 is annular, the third sub-electrode 23 is located between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second sub-electrode 22, the axis of the third sub-electrode 23 is coaxial with the axis of the optical axis of the liquid diaphragm 01, of course, the third sub-electrode 23 also has an opening, which facilitates the extension of the lead 201 of the first sub-electrode 21 located in the annular in a parallel manner, and two ends of the opening of the third sub-electrode 23 are respectively connected with one lead 201 externally. With reference to fig. 7b, in the first electrode pad 2, an electrode gap G1 is formed between the third sub-electrode 23 and the first sub-electrode 21, and an electrode gap G3 is formed between the third sub-electrode 23 and the second sub-electrode 22, where widths of the electrode gap G1 and the electrode gap G3 may be equal or unequal.
In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the hydrophilic layer 5 and the structure of the second electrode pad 7 have a corresponding relationship, please refer to a schematic cross-sectional structure of the liquid aperture 01 shown in fig. 7c (the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 are not shown here), the first sub-electrode 21 corresponds to the first hydrophilic portion 51, and the radius of the first hydrophilic portion 51 is smaller than the radius of the first sub-electrode 21, that is, the projection of the first hydrophilic portion 51 on the hydrophobic layer 4 falls within the projection range of the first sub-electrode 21 on the hydrophobic layer 4; the second sub-electrode 22 corresponds to the second hydrophilic portion 52, and the radius of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52 is larger than that of the inner edge of the second sub-electrode 22, which in the structure shown in fig. 7c is equivalent to the projection of the second hydrophilic portion 52 on the hydrophobic layer 4 falling within the projection range of the second sub-electrode 22 on the hydrophobic layer 4; the radius of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52 is larger than the radius of the first sub-electrode 21; the third sub-electrode 23 corresponds to the third hydrophilic portion 53, the radius of the inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53 is larger than the radius of the first sub-electrode 21 and smaller than the radius of the inner edge of the third sub-electrode 23, and the projection of the third hydrophilic portion 53 on the hydrophobic layer 4 overlaps with the inner edge of the projection of the third sub-electrode 23 on the hydrophobic layer 4; as shown in fig. 7c, with reference to the water-repellent layer 4, a projection of the third hydrophilic portion 53 on the water-repellent layer 4 may be referred to as H1, a projection of the third sub-electrode 23 on the water-repellent layer 4 may be referred to as H2, a distance between an inner edge of the third sub-electrode 23 and an inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53 may be referred to as L, an electrode gap G1 is formed between the third sub-electrode 23 and the first sub-electrode 21, an electrode gap G3 is formed between the third sub-electrode 23 and the second sub-electrode 22, and when the third hydrophilic portion 53 is projected on the first electrode pad 2, the inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53 may fall within the electrode gap G1. Here, in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture 01 (X direction in fig. 7 c), the range of L corresponds to the distance between the inner edge of the third sub-electrode 23 and the inner edge of the third hydrophilic section 53, and L is greater than or equal to 10 μm.
Next, the operation of the liquid diaphragm 01 will be described in detail with reference to fig. 7d to 7 f.
As shown in fig. 7d, when no voltage is applied or an effective electric field cannot be formed between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 by the liquid aperture 01, a contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 is relatively large, and the hydrophobic layer 4 exhibits hydrophobic properties for the transparent electrolyte 9, wherein the transparent electrolyte 9 is substantially filled in the first hollow structure a1, and the colored ink 10 is substantially filled in each of the second hollow structures a2 (in this embodiment, it is equivalent to two concentric ring-shaped second hollow structures a 2); the colored ink 10 is equivalent to form two ink rings capable of blocking light from passing through, the inner ring of each ink ring is equivalent to the light inlet of the liquid diaphragm 01, and the state of the light inlet of the corresponding liquid diaphragm 01 is shown as a concentric ring in fig. 7 d.
During the adjustment of the liquid aperture 01, when the voltage applied to the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 can form an effective electric field between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7, the voltage applied to the first electrode pad 2 includes the first sub-electrode 21, the second sub-electrode 22, and the third sub-electrode 23, and thus there are various ways.
The method I comprises the following steps: applying a voltage to the first sub-electrode 21, the third sub-electrode 23 and the second electrode pad 7 to form an effective electric field between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7 and between the third sub-electrode 23 and the second electrode pad 7, as shown in fig. 7e, a contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the first sub-electrode 21 and the third sub-electrode 23 is reduced, the hydrophobic layer 4 shows a hydrophilic property to the transparent electrolyte 9, the transparent electrolyte 9 will descend along an arrow in fig. 7e, which is vertical and downward, into each second hollow structure a2 and contact with the hydrophobic layer 4, such movement of the transparent electrolyte 9 will generate a thrust in the direction of the arrow in fig. 7e, which pushes the colored ink 10 in each second hollow structure a2 to an outer edge of the second hollow structure a2 (corresponding to an inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53 and an inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52), meanwhile, since the volume of the colored ink 10 is constant, the colored ink 10 increases in height, but the transparent electrolyte 9 still separates the colored ink 10 from the second electrode pad 7; as shown in fig. 7e, the colored ink 10 forms two ink rings, and the outer diameter of each ink ring is not changed, but the inner diameter is increased, which is equivalent to the increase of each light entrance hole K of the liquid diaphragm 01. In addition, under the movement trend shown in fig. 7e, finally, the distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 in the liquid aperture 01 will be as shown in fig. 7f, the colored ink 10 between the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the inner third hydrophilic portion 53 is attached to the inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53, the colored ink 10 between the third hydrophilic portion 53 and the second hydrophilic portion 52 is attached to the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52, the width of two ink rings formed by the colored ink 10 reaches the minimum, and correspondingly, the size of two light inlet holes K of the liquid aperture 01 reaches the maximum. The height of the coloured ink 10 is at a maximum where the transparent electrolyte 9 still separates the coloured ink 10 from the second electrode pad 7.
The second method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 7g, a voltage is applied to only the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7, so that an effective electric field is formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7, a contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the first sub-electrode 21 is reduced, the hydrophobic layer 4 exhibits a hydrophilic property to the transparent electrolyte 9, the transparent electrolyte 9 descends along an arrow in fig. 7g, which is vertically downward, into the second hollow structure a2 between the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the third hydrophilic portion 53 and contacts with the hydrophobic layer 4, such movement of the transparent electrolyte 9 generates a thrust in the direction of the horizontal arrow in fig. 7g, and pushes the colored ink 10 in the second hollow structure a2 to the outer edge of the second hollow structure a2 (corresponding to the inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53); meanwhile, no voltage is applied to the third sub-electrode 23 or no voltage is applied to the third sub-electrode 23, so that an effective electric field cannot be formed between the third sub-electrode 23 and the second electrode pad 7, the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the third sub-electrode 23 does not change, and the distribution of the colored ink in the second hollow structure a2 between the third hydrophilic part 53 and the second hydrophilic part 52 does not change; finally, the distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 is as shown in fig. 7h, and the inner diameter of the inner ink ring of the two ink rings formed by the colored ink 10 is maximized, and the state of the outer ink ring is unchanged, and the size of the light inlet hole K of the corresponding liquid diaphragm 01 can be seen from fig. 7 h.
The third method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 7i, a voltage is applied to only the third sub-electrode 23 and the second electrode pad 7, so that an effective electric field is formed between the third sub-electrode 23 and the second electrode pad 7, a contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the water-repellent layer 4 corresponding to the third sub-electrode 23 is reduced, the water-repellent layer 4 exhibits a hydrophilic property to the transparent electrolyte 9, the transparent electrolyte 9 descends along an arrow in fig. 7g which is vertically downward to enter the second hollow structure a2 between the second hydrophilic part 52 and the third hydrophilic part 53 and contacts the water-repellent layer 4, and such movement of the transparent electrolyte 9 generates a thrust in the direction of the horizontal arrow in fig. 7i to push the colored ink 10 in the second hollow structure a2 to the outer edge of the second hollow structure a2 (which is equivalent to the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part 52); meanwhile, no voltage is applied to the first sub-electrode 21 or no voltage is applied to the first sub-electrode 21, so that an effective electric field cannot be formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7, a contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the first sub-electrode 21 does not change, and distribution of the colored ink in the second hollow structure a2 between the third hydrophilic portion 53 and the first hydrophilic portion 51 does not change; finally, as shown in fig. 7j, the distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 is such that the inner diameter of the outer ink ring of the two ink rings formed by the colored ink 10 is maximized, and the inner ink ring is unchanged, so that the size of the light entrance hole K of the liquid diaphragm 01 can be referred to fig. 7 j.
It will be appreciated that when the light entrance K of the liquid aperture 01 is reduced, the voltage applied to the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 is removed or the voltage applied to the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 is insufficient to form an effective electric field between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7, and the distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 will return to that shown in fig. 7 d. In addition, in the two voltage application manners provided in the embodiment of the present application, the voltage application manner of the second sub-electrode 22 is not involved, and it can be understood that when a voltage is applied to the second sub-electrode 22, the adjustment principle of the liquid aperture 01 is similar to the operation principle in the second embodiment, and details are not described here.
Example six
The liquid diaphragm 01 according to the embodiment of the present application is a structural improvement of the liquid diaphragm 01 according to the fifth embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 according to the fifth embodiment in that two third hydrophilic portions 53 (shown as third hydrophilic portions 53a and third hydrophilic portions 53b in fig. 8 a) are provided between the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the second hydrophilic portion 52, as shown in fig. 8 a. Each of the third hydrophilic portions 53 has an annular shape, an axial line of each of the third hydrophilic portions 53 is coaxial with an optical axis of the liquid diaphragm 01, and the two third hydrophilic portions 53 are illustrated as concentric annular portions. Wherein, a second hollow structure a2 is formed between the first and third hydrophilic portions 51 and 53a, a second hollow structure a2 is formed between the third and third hydrophilic portions 53a and 53b, and a second hollow structure a2 is formed between the second and third hydrophilic portions 52 and 53 b.
In view of the structure of the hydrophilic layer 5, referring to fig. 8b, the structure of the first electrode pad 2 in the embodiment of the present application is shown, in which the first electrode pad 2 includes a first sub-electrode 21, a second sub-electrode 22, and two third sub-electrodes 23 (shown as a third sub-electrode 23a and a third sub-electrode 23b in fig. 8 b), where the two third sub-electrodes 23 correspond to the two third hydrophilic portions 53 one to one; with reference to fig. 8b, in the first electrode pad 2, an electrode gap G1 is formed between the third sub-electrode 23a and the first sub-electrode 21, an electrode gap G2 is formed between the two third sub-electrodes 23, and an electrode gap G3 is formed between the third sub-electrode 23b and the second sub-electrode 22, where widths of the electrode gap G1, the electrode gap G2, and the electrode gap G3 may be equal or may not be equal. The first sub-electrode 21, the second sub-electrode 22 and each of the third sub-electrodes 23 are externally connected with at least one lead 201.
In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the hydrophilic layer 5 and the structure of the second electrode pad 7 have a corresponding relationship, please refer to a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the liquid aperture 01 shown in fig. 8c (the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 are not shown here), the first sub-electrode 21 corresponds to the first hydrophilic portion 51, and a projection of the first hydrophilic portion 51 on the hydrophobic layer 4 falls within a projection range of the first sub-electrode 21 on the hydrophobic layer 4, which is equivalent to that a radius of the first hydrophilic portion 51 is smaller than a radius of the first sub-electrode 21; the second sub-electrode 22 corresponds to the second hydrophilic portion 52, and the projection of the second hydrophilic portion 52 on the hydrophobic layer 4 falls within the projection range of the second sub-electrode 22 on the hydrophobic layer 4, which is equivalent to that the radius of the first hydrophilic portion 51 is smaller than that of the outer edge of the first sub-electrode 21, and the radius of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52 is larger than that of the outer edge of the first sub-electrode 21; the third sub-electrodes 23 correspond to the third hydrophilic portions 53 one to one, specifically, a projection of the third hydrophilic portion 53a on the hydrophobic layer 4 overlaps an inner edge of a projection of the third sub-electrode 23a on the hydrophobic layer 4, and a projection of the third hydrophilic portion 53b on the hydrophobic layer 4 overlaps an inner edge of a projection of the third sub-electrode 23b on the hydrophobic layer 4; as shown in fig. 8c, with reference to the hydrophobic layer 4, the projection of the third hydrophilic portion 53a on the hydrophobic layer 4 can be referred to as H1, an electrode gap G1 is formed between the third sub-electrode 23a and the first sub-electrode 21, and it can be seen that there is an overlapping region L1 between H1 and G1, that is, when the third hydrophilic portion 53a is projected on the first electrode pad 2, the inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53a falls within the electrode gap G1; the projection of the third hydrophilic portion 53b on the water-repellent layer 4 can be referred to as H2, and an electrode gap G2 is formed between the third sub-electrode 23b and the third sub-electrode 23a, and it can be seen that there is an overlapping region L2 between H2 and G2, that is, when the third hydrophilic portion 53b is projected on the first electrode pad 2, the inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53b falls within the electrode gap G2; an electrode gap G3 is formed between the third sub-electrode 23b and the second sub-electrode 22. Here, in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid diaphragm 01 (X direction in fig. 8 c), a range of L1 corresponds to a distance between an inner edge of the third sub-electrode 23a and an inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53a, a range of L2 corresponds to a distance between an inner edge of the third sub-electrode 23b and an inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53b, each of L1 and L2 is equal to or greater than 10 μm, and L1 and L2 may be the same or different.
Referring to fig. 8d to 8f, the operation of the liquid diaphragm 01 will be described in detail with reference to the structure of the liquid diaphragm 01.
As shown in fig. 8d, the liquid aperture 01 does not apply a voltage to the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 or the applied voltage cannot form an effective electric field between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7, a contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 is relatively large, and the hydrophobic layer 4 exhibits a hydrophobic property for the transparent electrolyte 9, wherein the transparent electrolyte 9 is substantially filled in the first hollow structure a1, and the colored ink 10 is substantially filled in each of the second hollow structures a2 (in this embodiment, the second hollow structure a2 is equivalent to a structure with three concentric rings); the colored ink 10 is equivalent to form three ink rings capable of blocking light from passing through, an inner ring of each ink ring is equivalent to the light inlet of the liquid diaphragm 01, the state of the light inlet of the corresponding liquid diaphragm 01 is shown in fig. 8d, and the color ink comprises a circular light inlet K and two annular light inlets K, and the two annular light inlets K are concentrically and annularly distributed by taking the circular light inlet K as a center.
When the voltage applied to the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 can form an effective electric field between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7, the voltage may be applied in various ways because the first electrode pad 2 includes the first sub-electrode 21, the second sub-electrode 22 and the two third sub-electrodes 23.
The method I comprises the following steps: the voltage applied to the first sub-electrode 21, the two third sub-electrodes 23 (the third sub-electrodes 23a and the third sub-electrodes 23b shown in fig. 8 e) and the second electrode plate 7 can form an effective electric field between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode plate 7 and between each third sub-electrode 23 and the second electrode plate 7, as shown in fig. 8e, the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the first sub-electrode 21 and each third sub-electrode 23 is reduced, the hydrophobic layer 4 exhibits hydrophilic property to the transparent electrolyte 9, the transparent electrolyte 9 will descend along the arrow vertically downward in fig. 8e into each second hollow structure a2 and contact with the hydrophobic layer 4, such movement of the transparent electrolyte 9 will generate a pushing force in the direction of the arrow in the horizontal direction of fig. 8e to push the colored ink 10 in each second hollow structure a2 to the outer edge of the second hollow structure a2 (corresponding to the inner edge of each third hydrophilic portion 53 and the second hydrophilic portion 53) and the second inner edge of the second hollow structure a2 The inner edge of the hydrophilic portion 52), while the colored ink 10 is increased in height due to the constant volume of the colored ink 10, but the transparent electrolyte 9 still separates the colored ink 10 from the second electrode pad 7; as shown in fig. 8e, the colored ink 10 forms three ink rings, and the outer diameter of each ink ring is not changed, but the inner diameter is increased, which is equivalent to that of each light inlet hole K of the liquid diaphragm 01. In addition, under the movement trend shown in fig. 8e, finally, the distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 in the liquid diaphragm 01 will be as shown in fig. 8f, the colored ink 10 between the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the 8 third hydrophilic portion 53a is attached to the inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53a, the colored ink 10 between the third hydrophilic portion 53a and the third hydrophilic portion 53b is attached to the inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53b, and the colored ink 10 between the third hydrophilic portion 53b and the second hydrophilic portion 52 is attached to the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion 52, so that the width of the three ink rings formed by the colored ink 10 is the smallest, and correspondingly, the size of the three light-entering holes K of the liquid diaphragm 01 is the largest. The height of the coloured ink 10 is at a maximum where the transparent electrolyte 9 still separates the coloured ink 10 from the second electrode pad 7.
The second method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 8g, applying voltages to the first sub-electrode 21, the third sub-electrode 23b and the second electrode pad 7, so that an effective electric field is formed between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7, a contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4 corresponding to the first sub-electrode 21 is reduced, the hydrophobic layer 4 exhibits a hydrophilic property to the transparent electrolyte 9, the transparent electrolyte 9 will go down along an arrow in fig. 8g, which is vertically downward, into the second hollow structure a2 between the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the third hydrophilic portion 53a and contact with the hydrophobic layer 4, such movement of the transparent electrolyte 9 will generate a thrust in the direction of the horizontal arrow in fig. 8g, which will push the colored ink 10 in the second hollow structure a2 to the outer edge of the second hollow structure a2 (which is equivalent to the inner edge of the third hydrophilic portion 53 a); meanwhile, an effective electric field is formed between the third sub-electrode 23b and the second electrode pad 7, the contact angle between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the water-repellent layer 4 corresponding to the third sub-electrode 23b is reduced, the water-repellent layer 4 exhibits a hydrophilic property to the transparent electrolyte 9, the transparent electrolyte 9 will go down along a vertical downward arrow in fig. 8d to enter the second hollow structure a2 between the second hydrophilic part 52 and the third hydrophilic part 53b and contact with the water-repellent layer 4, such movement of the transparent electrolyte 9 will generate a thrust in the direction of the horizontal arrow in fig. 8g to push the color ink 10 in the second hollow structure a2 to the outer edge of the second hollow structure a2 (corresponding to the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part 52); in this process, the state of the colored ink 10 inside the second hollow structure a2 located between the third hydrophilic portion 53a and the third hydrophilic portion 53b does not change; finally, the distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 is as shown in fig. 8h, and the inner diameter of the innermost and outermost ink rings of the three ink rings formed by the colored ink 10 is maximized, and the size of the light entrance hole K of the corresponding liquid diaphragm 01 is as shown in fig. 8h without changing the ring state of the intermediate ink.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned manner of applying the voltage between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 is only an example, and other voltage applying manners may be also possible with respect to the structure of the first electrode pad 2 in the embodiment of the present application, for example, a voltage capable of forming an effective electric field between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7 is applied only to the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode pad 7; alternatively, a voltage capable of forming an effective electric field between all the third sub-electrodes 23 and the second electrode pad 7 is applied to all the third sub-electrodes 23 and the second electrode pad 7; or, applying voltages capable of forming effective electric fields between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second electrode plate 7 and between the third sub-electrode 23a and the second electrode plate 7 to the first sub-electrode 21, the third sub-electrode 23a and the second electrode plate 7 will affect the distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10, and finally realize the size adjustment of the light inlet K of the liquid diaphragm 01.
In addition, in the two voltage application manners in the example shown in the embodiment of the present application, the voltage application manner of the second sub-electrode 22 is not involved, and it can be understood that when a voltage is applied to the second sub-electrode 22, the adjustment principle of the liquid aperture 01 is similar to the operation principle in the second embodiment, and details are not described here.
EXAMPLE seven
The liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is a structural improvement of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the sixth embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the sixth embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 9a, N third hydrophilic portions 53 are provided between the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the second hydrophilic portion 52, where N is equal to or greater than 3 (fig. 9a shows two third hydrophilic portions 53, and at least one third hydrophilic portion 53, not shown, is represented by an ellipsis between the two third hydrophilic portions 53). Each of the third hydrophilic portions 53 has an annular shape, an axial line of each of the third hydrophilic portions 53 is coaxial with an optical axis of the liquid diaphragm 01, and the N third hydrophilic portions 53 are illustrated as concentric annular portions. One second hollow structure a2 is formed between the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the innermost third hydrophilic portion 53, one second hollow structure a2 is formed between any two adjacent third hydrophilic portions 53, and one second hollow structure a2 is formed between the second hydrophilic portion 52 and the outermost third hydrophilic portion 53.
In view of the structure of the hydrophilic layer 5, referring to fig. 9b, the structure of the first electrode plate 2 in the embodiment of the present invention is shown, in which the first electrode plate 2 includes, in addition to the first sub-electrode 21 and the second sub-electrode 22, N of the N third sub-electrodes 23 located between the first sub-electrode 21 and the second sub-electrode 22 is greater than or equal to 3 (two third sub-electrodes 23 are shown in fig. 9b, and an ellipsis between the two third sub-electrodes 23 represents at least one third sub-electrode 23 that is not shown), where the N third sub-electrodes 23 correspond to the N third hydrophilic portions 53 one to one.
The liquid aperture 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is improved only in the structures of the hydrophilic layer 5 and the first electrode pad 2, wherein the corresponding relationship between the first sub-electrode 21 and the first hydrophilic portion 51, and the corresponding relationship between the second sub-electrode 22 and the second hydrophilic portion 52 can be referred to fig. 8 c. The following rule can be obtained by summarizing the correspondence relationship between any one set of the third sub-electrodes 23 and the third hydrophilic portions 53 corresponding to each other by referring to the structure shown in fig. 8 c.
In the hydrophilic layer 5, the hydrophilic layer 5 is from the inside to the outside in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture 01, and the radius of the inner edge of the xth third hydrophilic portion 53 is r xi The radius of the outer edge is r xj All the third hydrophilic portions 53 have a size satisfying the following condition: r is 1i <r 1j <r 2i <r 2j <……r (N－1)i <r (N－1)j (ii) a In the first electrode pad 2, the radius of the inner edge of the y-th third sub-electrode 23 is R from the inside to the outside along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture 01 of the first electrode pad 2 yi The radius of the outer edge is R yj The sizes of all the third sub-electrodes 23 satisfy the following condition: r is 1i <R 1j <R 2i <R 2j <……R (N－1)i <R (N－1)j (ii) a When x is y, r xi ＜R yi ＜r xj ＜R yj (ii) a And, when x ═ y, R yi －r xi ≧ 10 μm, such a structural arrangement may define the distribution range of the colored ink 10 within the corresponding second hollow structure a 2.
Referring to the sixth embodiment and fig. 8d to 8h, the liquid diaphragm 01 with such a structure may form a circular light inlet and at least two annular light inlets, where all the annular light inlets are concentrically and annularly distributed with the circular light inlet as a center; in operation, the size of the light inlet of the liquid aperture 01 can be adjusted by controlling the voltages applied to different parts of the first electrode pad 2 (the first sub-electrode 21 and the N-1 third sub-electrodes 23), which will not be described herein.
Example eight
The liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is a structural improvement of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the first embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the first embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 10, the retaining wall 6 is a frame shape, and a rectangular first hollow structure a1 is formed in the middle; the structure of the liquid aperture 01 is similar to that shown in fig. 3j in the first embodiment, and is not shown in the figure.
Example nine
The liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is a structural improvement of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the first embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the first embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 11, the retaining wall 6 is circular, that is, the outer edge thereof is circular, and the central region forms a first hollow structure a1 with a circular cross section; the structure of the liquid aperture 01 is similar to that shown in fig. 3j in the first embodiment, and is not shown in the figure.
Example ten
The liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is a structural improvement of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the first embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the first embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 12, the hydrophilic layer 5 includes a first hydrophilic portion 51 and a second hydrophilic portion 52, the first hydrophilic portion 51 is cylindrical, and the first hydrophilic portion 51 is located in a central region of the entire hydrophilic layer 5; the second hydrophilic portion 52 is circular, the axis of the second hydrophilic portion 52 is coaxial with the axis of the first hydrophilic portion 51, and a second hollow structure a2 is formed between the first hydrophilic portion 51 and the second hydrophilic portion 52. The structure of the liquid aperture 01 is similar to that shown in fig. 3j in the first embodiment, and is not shown in the figure.
EXAMPLE eleven
The liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is a structural improvement of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the first embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the second embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 13, the hydrophobic layer 4 is a solid cylinder. The structure of the liquid diaphragm 01 is similar to that shown in fig. 3j in the first embodiment, and is not shown in the figure.
Example twelve
The liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is an improvement on the structure of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the second embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the second embodiment in that the retaining wall 6 in the liquid diaphragm 01 is made of glass, PMMA, or other high molecular polymer which is hard after being cured, and the retaining wall 6 and the second electrode plate 7, and the retaining wall 6 and the hydrophilic layer 5 are bonded together by adhesive (such as pressure sensitive adhesive, epoxy adhesive, and the like). The liquid stop 01 is merely a modification of the material and connection of the retainer 6, and is therefore not illustrated here.
Thirteen examples
The liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application is an improvement of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the second embodiment, and is different from the liquid diaphragm 01 provided in the second embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 14a, an outer surface of the first substrate 1 (i.e., a surface of the first substrate 1 on a side away from the second substrate 8) is a curved surface; alternatively, as shown in fig. 14b, the outer surface of the second substrate 8 (i.e. the surface of the second substrate 8 far away from the first substrate 1 is a curved surface); alternatively, as shown in fig. 14c, the outer surface of the first substrate 1 is a curved surface, and the outer surface of the second substrate 8 is also a curved surface.
By introducing the structure and the working principle of the liquid diaphragm 01 provided by the application through the above embodiment, it can be seen that the liquid diaphragm 01 provided by the application can change the distribution of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10 in the closed cavity by controlling the electric field applied between the first electrode plate 2 and the second electrode plate 7, so that the effect of adjusting the light inlet of the liquid diaphragm 01 is realized, and the requirement of a consumer on adjusting the light inlet in the shooting operation can be met; here, the voltage applied to the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 may be a low voltage, so that the liquid aperture 01 realizes low voltage driving; moreover, due to the special structural design of the hydrophilic layer 5, an opening (the minimum state of the opening is determined by the size of the first hydrophilic part 51 of the hydrophilic layer 5) is always formed in the center of the liquid diaphragm 01, so that the roundness, the concentricity and the repeatability of the light inlet of the liquid diaphragm 01 can be improved.
The embodiment of the application further provides an electronic device, and the electronic device can be a smart phone, a tablet computer, a vehicle-mounted lens, a security lens and the like with the photographing and shooting functions. Please refer to the smart phone 02 illustrated in fig. 15, the smart phone 02 includes a device body 022, a main board (not shown here) is disposed in the device body 022, a camera 021 is installed on the device body 022 as a rear camera, and the liquid aperture 01 is disposed in the camera 021, so that the size and the weight of the smart phone can be reduced due to the advantages of small size, precise control and convenience of the liquid aperture 01 while the requirement of camera shooting is satisfied.
Here, the first electrode plate 2 and the second electrode plate 7 of the liquid aperture 01 are respectively electrically connected with the main board of the smart phone 02, and the voltage applied to the first electrode plate 2 and the second electrode plate 7 can be controlled and adjusted through the main board, so that the control and adjustment of the liquid aperture 01 are finally realized.
In addition, the application also provides a driving method of the liquid diaphragm, which is used for adjusting the size of the light inlet of the liquid diaphragm 01. Referring to fig. 16, the driving method includes the following steps:
s1: acquiring an aperture adjusting instruction; here, the aperture adjustment instruction may be issued by a user, for example, the liquid aperture 01 is used alone, and the user may directly adjust the voltage applied to the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7; when the liquid aperture 01 is applied to an electronic device, for example, a smart phone, the voltage applied to the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 can be adjusted through a motherboard (corresponding to a control center) of the smart phone, and of course, the motherboard of the smart phone is loaded with software for adjusting the voltage.
When the aperture adjustment instruction instructs to increase the aperture, step S21 is implemented: increasing the electric field intensity between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink, so that the colored ink 10 moves to the outer edge of the corresponding second hollow structure A2 to increase the light passing through the liquid aperture 01;
when the aperture adjustment instruction instructs to decrease the aperture, step S22 is implemented: the electric field intensity between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate is reduced to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink, so that the colored ink 10 is spread on the corresponding hydrophobic layer 4 to reduce the light penetrating through the liquid aperture 01.
It will be appreciated that when a voltage is applied across the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 such that an effective electric field is formed between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7, an increase in the voltage may increase the rate of wetting between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4, corresponding to an increase in the rate at which the entrance aperture of the liquid aperture 01 is modulated.
Accordingly, when a voltage is applied to the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 such that an effective electric field is formed between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7, the decrease in voltage can decrease the wetting rate between the transparent electrolyte 9 and the hydrophobic layer 4, which is equivalent to decreasing the rate at which the liquid aperture 01 is adjusted to be larger.
In practice, the voltage at which the effective electric field is formed between the first electrode plate 2 and the second electrode plate 7 is related to the thickness and material of each structural layer of the liquid aperture 01 and the transparent electrolyte 9, and may range from 5V to 30V.
Based on the driving method of the liquid aperture, the embodiment of the application further provides a driving device of the liquid aperture, the driving device comprises an acquisition module and an electric field adjustment module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring the aperture adjustment instruction; when the electric field adjusting module executes the program codes of the aperture adjusting instructions, the following processes are executed:
when the aperture adjusting instruction indicates that the aperture is adjusted to be large, the electric field intensity between the first electrode plate 2 and the second electrode plate 7 is increased to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10, so that the colored ink 10 moves to the outer edge of the corresponding second hollow structure A1 to increase the light passing through the liquid aperture 01; or, the aperture adjustment instruction instructs to decrease the aperture, and decrease the electric field strength between the first electrode pad 2 and the second electrode pad 7 to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte 9 and the colored ink 10, so that the colored ink 10 spreads onto the corresponding hydrophobic layer 4 to reduce the light passing through the liquid aperture 01.
Based on the above driving method of the liquid aperture, as shown in fig. 17, an embodiment of the present application may further provide an electronic device 100, where the electronic device 100 may include a processor 110, an external memory interface 120, a memory 121, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface 130, a charging management module 140, a power management module 141, a battery 142, an antenna 100, an antenna 200, a mobile communication module 150, a wireless communication module 160, an audio module 170, a speaker 170A, a receiver 170B, a microphone 170C, an earphone interface 170D, a sensor module 180, a button 190, a motor 191, an indicator 192, a camera 193, a display 194, and a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card interface 195. The sensor module 180 may include a pressure sensor 180A, a gyroscope sensor 180B, an air pressure sensor 180C, a magnetic sensor 180D, an acceleration sensor 180E, a distance sensor 180F, a proximity light sensor 180G, a fingerprint sensor 180H, a temperature sensor 180J, a touch sensor 180K, an ambient light sensor 180L, a bone conduction sensor 180M, and the like.
Wherein camera 193 is used to capture still images or video. The object generates an optical image through the lens and projects the optical image to the photosensitive element. The photosensitive element may be a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistor. The photosensitive element converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then transmits the electrical signal to the ISP to be converted into a digital image signal. And the ISP outputs the digital image signal to the DSP for processing. The DSP converts the digital image signal into an image signal in a standard RGB, YUV and other formats. In some embodiments, the electronic device 100 may include 1 or N cameras 193, N being a positive integer greater than 1. For example, when the electronic device 100 is a smartphone, the number of the cameras 193 may be two, namely a front camera and a rear camera.
It is to be understood that the illustrated structure of the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the electronic device 100. In other embodiments of the present application, electronic device 100 may include more or fewer components than shown, or some components may be combined, some components may be split, or a different arrangement of components. The illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.
Processor 110 may include one or more processing units, such as: the processor 110 may include an Application Processor (AP), a modem processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), an Image Signal Processor (ISP), a controller, a video codec, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a baseband processor, and/or a neural-Network Processing Unit (NPU), etc. The different processing units may be separate devices or may be integrated into one or more processors.
The memory 121 is used for storing instructions and data, the processor 110 is coupled to the camera 193 through a bus interface, the liquid diaphragm 01 is arranged in the camera 190, and the processor 110 can call program instructions stored in the memory 121 and execute a driving method of the liquid diaphragm through the liquid diaphragm 01.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (28)

1. A liquid iris, comprising: the first substrate, the first electrode polar plate, the insulating layer, the hydrophobic layer, the hydrophilic layer, the retaining wall, the second electrode polar plate and the second substrate are arranged along the optical axis direction of the liquid aperture in an adjacent mode;
the first substrate, the first electrode polar plate, the insulating layer, the hydrophobic layer, the hydrophilic layer, the second electrode polar plate and the second substrate have light transmittance, and the retaining wall has light blocking performance; the first substrate is used for bearing the first electrode plate, the second substrate is used for bearing the second electrode plate, and the insulating layer is used for insulating the hydrophobic layer from the first electrode plate;
a first hollow structure is formed in the middle of the retaining wall, and penetrates through the retaining wall along the thickness direction of the retaining wall;
the hydrophilic layer comprises a first hydrophilic part and a second hydrophilic part, the first hydrophilic part is positioned in the central area of the hydrophilic layer, and the second hydrophilic part is positioned in the peripheral area of the hydrophilic layer; the first hydrophilic part is cylindrical, and the middle part of the second hydrophilic part is provided with a cylindrical hollow part; the axial lead of the first hydrophilic part, the axial lead of the cylindrical hollow part and the optical axis of the liquid aperture are coaxial; the first hydrophilic part is positioned in the cylindrical hollow space, N circular second hollow structures are arranged between the first hydrophilic part and the second hydrophilic part, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the first hollow structure is communicated with the N second hollow structures, so that a closed cavity is formed among the second electrode polar plate, the retaining wall, the hydrophilic layer and the hydrophobic layer; the sealed cavity is filled with transparent electrolyte and opaque colored ink; the colored ink is incompatible with the transparent electrolyte, and the transparent electrolyte is used for isolating the colored ink from the second electrode plate; the surface adsorption capacity of the hydrophilic layer to the transparent electrolyte is larger than that of the hydrophobic layer to the transparent electrolyte, and the surface adsorption capacity of the hydrophilic layer to the colored ink is smaller than that of the hydrophobic layer to the colored ink;
and an electric field is formed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate so as to change the distribution of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink in the closed cavity.
2. The liquid aperture as recited in claim 1, wherein N is equal to 1; the first electrode polar plate comprises a first sub-electrode which is a solid circular plate, and the axial lead of the first sub-electrode is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid aperture; the radius of the first sub-electrode is greater than the radius of the first hydrophilic part and less than the radius of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part.
3. The liquid iris of claim 1 wherein said N is equal to 1; the first electrode polar plate comprises a central electrode and M arc electrodes which are arranged on the same layer, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the central electrode is a solid circular plate and is positioned in the central area of the first electrode plate; the axial lead of each arc electrode is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid aperture, the radius of each arc electrode is different, and the central electrode and each arc electrode are externally connected with at least one lead respectively;
the radius of the outer edge of the circular arc electrode positioned on the outermost side of the first electrode plate is larger than that of the first hydrophilic part and smaller than that of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part.
4. The liquid aperture according to claim 3, wherein the width between the circular arc electrode adjacent to the central electrode and the central electrode is 10-50 μm, and the width between any two adjacent circular arc electrodes is 10-50 μm.
5. The liquid iris of claim 1 wherein said N-2; the hydrophilic layer further comprises a third hydrophilic portion positioned in a circular ring shape between the first hydrophilic portion and the second hydrophilic portion; the axial lead of the third hydrophilic part is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid aperture, the radius of the inner edge of the third hydrophilic part is larger than that of the first hydrophilic part, and the radius of the outer edge of the third hydrophilic part is smaller than that of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part;
the first electrode polar plate comprises a first sub-electrode and a third sub-electrode, the first sub-electrode is a solid circular plate and is positioned in the central area of the first electrode polar plate, the third sub-electrode is arc-shaped, and the third sub-electrode surrounds the first sub-electrode; the axial lead of the first sub-electrode and the axial lead of the third sub-electrode are coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid diaphragm, and at least one lead is externally connected with the first sub-electrode and the third sub-electrode respectively;
wherein a radius of the first sub-electrode outer edge is greater than a radius of the first hydrophilic part and less than a radius of the third hydrophilic part inner edge; the radius of the third sub-electrode inner edge is greater than the radius of the third hydrophilic part inner edge, and the radius of the third sub-electrode outer edge is greater than the radius of the third hydrophilic part outer edge and less than the radius of the second hydrophilic part inner edge.
6. The liquid aperture as claimed in claim 1, wherein N ≧ 3; the hydrophilic layer further comprises N-1 annular third hydrophilic parts positioned between the first hydrophilic part and the second hydrophilic part, and the axial lead of each third hydrophilic part is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid aperture; along the direction perpendicular to liquid diaphragm optical axis, hydrophilic layer is from inside to outside, and the x is the radius of the inward flange of third hydrophilic portion r xi The radius of the outer edge is r xj ，r 1i <r 1j <r 2i <r 2j <……r (N－1)i <r (N－1)j ；
The first electrode polar plate comprises a first sub-electrode and N-1 third sub-electrodes, and the N-1 third sub-electrodes correspond to the N-1 third hydrophilic parts one by one; the first sub-electrode is located in the central region of the first electrode padThe first sub-electrode is a solid circular plate, the axial lead of the first sub-electrode is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid diaphragm, each third sub-electrode is arc-shaped, and the axial lead of each third sub-electrode is coaxial with the optical axis of the liquid diaphragm; the first sub-electrode and each third sub-electrode are externally connected with at least one lead respectively; along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture, the first electrode polar plate is from inside to outside, and the radius of the inner edge of the y-th third sub-electrode is R yi The radius of the outer edge is R yj ，R 1i <R 1j <R 2i <R 2j <……R (N－1)i <R (N－1)j ；
Wherein a radius of the first sub-electrode is greater than a radius of the first hydrophilic part and less than a radius of an inner edge of a third hydrophilic part adjacent to the first hydrophilic part; when x is y, r xi ＜R yi ＜r xj ＜R yj 。
7. The liquid iris of claim 6 wherein R when x-y yi －r xi ≥10μm。
8. The liquid aperture as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the first electrode plate comprises a second sub-electrode at a peripheral region of the first electrode plate, the second sub-electrode having at least one lead externally connected thereto;
the middle part of the second sub-electrode is provided with a hollow part, and the distance between the inner edge of the second sub-electrode and the optical axis of the liquid aperture is smaller than the radius of the inner edge of the second hydrophilic part.
9. The liquid aperture of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the distance of the inner edge of the retaining wall from the optical axis of the liquid aperture is greater than the inner edge radius of the second hydrophilic portion.
10. The liquid aperture of claim 9, wherein the distance between the inner edge of the dam and the inner edge of the second hydrophilic portion in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture is 0.1mm or more.
11. A liquid iris according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the height of said dam is 0.05 to 2 mm.
12. The liquid aperture according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the hydrophilic layer has a thickness of 0.5-3 um.
13. The liquid aperture according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the difference in density between the transparent electrolyte and the coloured ink is equal to or less than 0.09g/cm 3 。
14. The liquid aperture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a dam is formed on a side of the second electrode plate facing the hydrophilic layer, the dam is bonded to the hydrophilic layer by an adhesive, and the dam is made of a photoresist.
15. The liquid diaphragm according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the retaining wall and the hydrophilic layer and the retaining wall and the second electrode plate are bonded by an adhesive, and the retaining wall is made of glass or a high molecular polymer.
16. The liquid iris of claim 14 or 15 wherein said adhesive is a pressure sensitive adhesive or an epoxy adhesive.
17. The liquid aperture of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the insulating layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 1 um; and/or the thickness of the hydrophobic layer is 0.02-1 um.
18. The liquid aperture according to any of claims 1-17, wherein the hydrophobic layer is made of a fluoropolymer; and/or the hydrophilic layer is made of photoresist.
19. The liquid aperture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the second electrode pad is of a solid plate-like structure.
20. The liquid aperture according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the first electrode plate has a thickness of 20 to 30 nm;
and/or the thickness of the second electrode plate is 20-30 nm.
21. The liquid aperture according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the outer surface of the first substrate is curved;
and/or the outer surface of the second substrate is a curved surface.
22. The liquid aperture according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the liquid aperture has an aperture value of 1.2 to 8.
23. The liquid aperture according to any of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the outer edges of the first substrate, the first electrode pad, the insulating layer, the hydrophobic layer, the hydrophilic layer, the dam, the second electrode pad and the second substrate are matched in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid aperture.
24. An electronic device is characterized by comprising a device body, a mainboard and a camera, wherein the mainboard is arranged in the device body, and the camera is arranged on the device body;
the liquid diaphragm of any one of claims 1-23 is disposed in the camera, and the main plate is electrically connected to the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate of the liquid diaphragm.
25. A method of driving a liquid iris for adjusting the liquid iris according to any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising the steps of:
acquiring an aperture adjusting instruction;
when the aperture adjusting instruction indicates to increase the aperture, increasing the electric field intensity between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink, so that the colored ink moves to the outer edge of the corresponding second hollow structure to increase the light penetrating through the liquid aperture;
when the aperture adjusting instruction indicates to reduce the aperture, the electric field intensity between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate is reduced to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink, so that the colored ink spreads on the corresponding hydrophobic layer to reduce the light penetrating through the liquid aperture.
26. The driving method according to claim 25, wherein the acquiring of the aperture adjustment instruction includes the steps of:
acquiring an aperture adjusting instruction sent by a user;
or acquiring an aperture adjusting instruction sent by the control center.
27. A liquid iris driving apparatus for adjusting the liquid iris according to any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising an acquisition module and an electric field adjusting module;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring an aperture adjusting instruction;
the electric field adjusting module is used for increasing the electric field intensity between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate when the aperture adjusting instruction indicates to enlarge the aperture so as to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink, and the colored ink moves to the outer edge of the corresponding second hollow structure so as to increase the light penetrating through the liquid aperture; or the aperture adjusting instruction is used for reducing the aperture and reducing the electric field intensity between the first electrode polar plate and the second electrode polar plate so as to change the distribution state of the transparent electrolyte and the colored ink, and the colored ink is spread on the corresponding hydrophobic layer so as to reduce the light penetrating through the liquid aperture.
28. An electronic device comprising a processor, a memory, and a liquid iris according to any of claims 1-23; the memory to store program instructions;
the processor for retrieving stored program instructions from the memory for executing the driving method of claim 25 or 26 through the liquid aperture.
CN202010872933.5A 2020-05-29 2020-08-26 Liquid diaphragm, electronic device, and method and device for driving liquid diaphragm Active CN113805400B (en)

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EP21811849.5A EP4152091A4 (en) 2020-05-29 2021-04-28 Liquid aperture, electronic device, and driving method and driving apparatus for liquid aperture
PCT/CN2021/090763 WO2021238565A1 (en) 2020-05-29 2021-04-28 Liquid aperture, electronic device, and driving method and driving apparatus for liquid aperture
US18/071,372 US20230105130A1 (en) 2020-05-29 2022-11-29 Liquid aperture, electronic device, and driving method and apparatus for liquid aperture

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JP2004246305A (en) * 2002-02-19 2004-09-02 Canon Inc Method of manufacturing light quantity adjusting member
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CN101206377A (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-25 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Aperture
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