CN113804413B - All-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring method and measuring device - Google Patents
All-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring method and measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The application discloses all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring method and device, and the measuring method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of sampling and beam splitting to be detected, single-arm time delay, double-beam combination optical interference, Mach-Zehnder interference fringe detection, and back-deducing a laser frequency tuning range according to a peak-to-peak value signal in a time domain of the interference fringe; according to the characteristic that the intensity of laser interference changes along with time, the frequency tuning range of laser is converted into intensity information of a double-beam laser interference signal through the high resolution capability of interference, the fringe distance between an extremely strong interference value and an extremely weak interference value is extracted, and the frequency tuning range of the laser to be measured can be obtained in a time domain by converting the frequency tuning range into a frequency movement difference value of the laser to be measured in combination with the equivalent optical path difference of two arms in an interferometer; the laser frequency range can be measured greatly, the tuning bandwidth is wider, and the measurement accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser measurement, in particular to an all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method and a measurement device, and particularly relates to a measurement scheme of a laser frequency tuning range based on a double-beam laser interference scheme.
Background
Based on laser wavelength tuning, optical material analysis, atomic molecular spectroscopy research and the like can be realized, and the method is widely applied in the field of precision measurement. At present, the laser frequency tuning range is measured mainly based on absorption spectra of iodine molecules, alkali metal atoms, rare earth materials and the like, and characteristic transmission peaks appear in a free spectral interval according to an optical interference scheme of an etalon or an optical resonant cavity, so that the laser frequency tuning range measurement is realized. However, the former has a limited measurable laser frequency range, and can only realize the calibration of the laser frequency in the laser wavelength range of a specific interval with an absorption spectrum, and the latter generally has a free spectrum interval in the interval of hundred mega-gigahertz to ten gigahertz, and is difficult to realize the characteristic frequency measurement of MHz-level precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring method and device, overcomes the defects in the prior art, provides an all-fiber high-integration high-precision laser tuning frequency tuning range measuring scheme lower than 100MHz, and is extremely wide in applicable laser wavelength range.
One aspect of the present application provides an all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method, including the steps of:
carrying out beam splitting sampling on laser beams of a laser to be detected;
splitting the measured laser beam after the beam splitting sampling again through a first optical fiber beam splitter, delaying one laser beam through a delay optical fiber, outputting the delayed laser beam through an output end on one side of a second optical fiber beam splitter, and directly transmitting the other laser beam into a balanced homodyne detector;
combining and interfering the delayed laser beam with the laser beam at one end of a single optical fiber of a third optical fiber beam splitter connected in the reverse direction;
detecting the interference fringes through a balanced homodyne detector, and displaying the interference fringes through an oscilloscope;
and reversely deducing the laser frequency tuning range according to the peak-to-peak value signal in the time domain of the interference fringe.
Specifically, the laser beam splitting module samples partial power of the laser to be detected through/detects the sampling optical fiber beam splitter, then divides the partial power into two parts of equal power by adopting the first beam splitter, and respectively outputs the two parts of equal power from the first optical fiber output end of the first optical fiber beam splitter and the second optical fiber output end of the first optical fiber beam splitter.
Specifically, the laser beam splitting module samples partial power of the laser to be tested through/by detecting the sampling optical fiber beam splitter.
Specifically, the laser to be tested is connected with the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter, partial power split by the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter is output from a high-power output arm of the detection sampling beam splitter, the output end face of the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter is of an FC/APC structure, and the sampling part is output from a low-power output arm of the detection sampling beam splitter.
Specifically, the third optical fiber beam splitter is connected in a reverse direction, two arms of the third optical fiber beam splitter are connected with the delay optical fiber and the second output end of the second optical fiber beam splitter respectively, and double-beam interference is achieved at one end of a single optical fiber of the third optical fiber beam splitter.
Specifically, two photoelectric probes of the balanced homodyne detector respectively receive laser from the output end of the third optical fiber beam splitter and laser from the second output end of the first optical fiber beam splitter, and the two laser signals realize differential detection on the balanced homodyne detector; and reading the electric signal output by the balanced homodyne detector through an oscilloscope, and obtaining an electric signal corresponding to the interference signal on the oscilloscope.
This application another aspect provides a laser tuning frequency measuring device of full optical fiber formula for realize this application one aspect the laser tuning frequency measuring method of full optical fiber formula, include:
the laser beam splitting module is used for splitting and sampling the laser beam of the laser to be detected;
the single-arm delay module is used for splitting the measured laser beam subjected to beam splitting sampling again through the first optical fiber beam splitter, delaying one laser beam through the delay optical fiber, outputting the delayed laser beam through the output end on one side of the second optical fiber beam splitter, and directly transmitting the other laser beam into the surface of one photoelectric probe of the balanced homodyne detector;
the double-beam combining optical interference module is used for realizing beam combining interference between one delayed laser beam and the undelayed laser beam at one end of a single optical fiber of the third optical fiber beam splitter which is reversely connected;
and the Mach-Zehnder interference fringe detection module is used for detecting the interference fringes through the balanced homodyne detector and displaying the interference fringes through an oscilloscope.
Specifically, the laser beam splitting module comprises the laser to be detected and a detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter;
the single-arm delay module comprises the first optical fiber beam splitter, a delay optical fiber and a second optical fiber beam splitter;
the double-beam combining optical interference module comprises a third optical fiber beam splitter;
the Mach-Zehnder interference fringe detection module comprises a balanced homodyne detector and an oscilloscope;
the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter, the first optical fiber beam splitter, the second optical fiber beam splitter, the delay optical fiber, the third optical fiber beam splitter, the balanced homodyne detector and the oscilloscope are sequentially arranged behind the laser to be detected;
the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter divides the laser power of the laser to be detected into two parts, wherein the sampled partial power is used for measuring the laser tuning frequency range;
a detection sampling beam splitter low-power output arm of the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter is connected with the single-arm end of the first optical fiber beam splitter;
the first optical fiber beam splitter divides the input power into two parts, the first optical fiber output end of the first optical fiber beam splitter is connected with the input end of the second optical fiber beam splitter, and the second optical fiber output end of the first optical fiber beam splitter is directly aligned to the surface of a photoelectric sensor of the balanced homodyne detector and is used for measuring a background signal of an interference signal;
the second optical fiber beam splitter splits the laser input from the first optical fiber output end of the first optical fiber beam splitter into two beams, wherein the first optical fiber output end of the second optical fiber beam splitter is connected with the optical fiber for time delay, the input arm of the third optical fiber beam splitter is connected behind the time delay optical fiber, the second optical fiber output end of the second optical fiber beam splitter is connected to the other input arm of the third optical fiber beam splitter, and the delayed laser and the laser without time delay realize double-beam combination interference on the third optical fiber beam splitter;
and a beam combining arm of the third optical fiber beam splitter is directly aligned to the other photoelectric sensor of the balanced homodyne detector to receive double-beam interference information, and the balanced homodyne detector is connected with an oscilloscope to read an interference signal value.
The all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring method and the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring device can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring method and the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring device are based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer principle, and double-beam interference of measured laser is achieved by adopting a plurality of fiber beam splitters. The method comprises the steps of measuring interference signals through photoelectric conversion, converting the frequency tuning range of laser into intensity information of double-beam laser interference signals through the high resolution capability of interference according to the characteristic that the intensity of laser interference changes along with time, extracting the fringe spacing of an extremely strong interference value and an extremely weak interference value, converting the equivalent optical path difference of two arms in an interferometer into a frequency movement difference value of the laser to be measured, and obtaining the frequency tuning range of the laser to be measured in a time domain. The all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method and the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement device have the advantages of being stable in structure, fast and convenient to build, resistant to mechanical vibration, capable of conveniently integrating and guaranteeing optical interference quality by utilizing the characteristics that optical fiber transmission cannot deteriorate light spot quality and interference fringes are good in quality, and capable of being widely applied to the fields of precision spectrum measurement, laser frequency scanning range calibration, precision wavelength measurement and the like. By adopting the optical fiber delay scheme, the delay optical fiber with proper length can be selected and replaced according to the laser tuning range and the measurement precision, so that the scheme has higher universality. Compared with the traditional method for measuring the laser tuning frequency by using the absorption spectrum of atomic molecules and the optical etalon, the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring method and the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring device can realize a larger measurable laser frequency range, a wider tuning bandwidth and higher measurement precision. By adopting the interference fringe detection scheme of balanced homodyne, higher fringe contrast can be realized, the resolution precision is further increased, the peak-to-peak interval number of the interference fringes and the laser frequency tuning range are in a direct proportion relation, and the measurement accuracy can be ensured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method according to the present application;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring device according to the present application.
Reference numbers in the figures: the laser device comprises a laser device to be tested, a detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter, a detection sampling beam splitter high-power output arm, a detection sampling beam splitter low-power output arm, a first optical fiber beam splitter, a first optical fiber output end, a first optical fiber beam splitter, a second optical fiber output end, a second optical fiber beam splitter, a second optical fiber output end, a second optical fiber beam splitter, a time delay optical fiber, a third optical fiber beam splitter, a photoelectric detector and an oscilloscope, wherein the laser device 1 is a laser device to be tested, the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter 2 is a detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter, the detection sampling beam splitter high-power output arm 3 is a detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter high-power output arm, the detection sampling beam splitter low-power output arm 4 is a detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter low-power output end, the first optical fiber beam splitter 5 is a first optical fiber beam splitter, the first optical fiber output end is a first optical fiber output end, the second optical fiber beam splitter 10 is a second optical fiber output end, the time delay optical fiber, the third optical fiber beam splitter 12 is a third optical fiber beam splitter, the photoelectric detector 13 is a photoelectric detector, and the oscilloscope.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method, which includes the steps of splitting a sample to be measured, delaying by a single arm, performing optical interference by combining two beams, detecting mach-zehnder interference fringes, and performing back-stepping on a laser frequency tuning range according to a peak-to-peak signal in a time domain of the interference fringes.
Specifically, the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method includes the steps of:
splitting a sample to be measured: carrying out beam splitting sampling on the laser beam of the laser 1 to be tested;
single-arm time delay: the measured laser beam after beam splitting and sampling is split again through the first optical fiber beam splitter 5, one of the laser beams is delayed through the delay optical fiber 11 and is output through the output end on one side of the second optical fiber beam splitter 8, and the other laser beam is directly transmitted to the surface of one photoelectric probe of the balanced homodyne detector 13;
two-beam combining optical interference: the optical fiber combiner is used for realizing beam combination interference between one delayed laser beam and the undelayed laser beam at one end of a single optical fiber of the reversely connected third optical fiber beam splitter 12;
Mach-Zehnder interference fringe detection: the interference fringes are detected by a balanced homodyne detector 13 and displayed by an oscilloscope 14;
and reversely deducing the laser frequency tuning range according to the peak-to-peak value signal in the time domain of the interference fringe.
And in the step of splitting the measured sample, the sampling is realized through a laser splitting module, the laser splitting module realizes sampling of a low-power part of the measured laser 1 through 95/5 detection of the sampling optical fiber splitter 2, then the low power part is split into two parts of equal power by adopting the first splitter 5, and the two parts of equal power are respectively output from the first optical fiber output end 6 of the first optical fiber splitter and the second optical fiber output end 7 of the first optical fiber splitter.
In the step of splitting the sample to be tested, the laser splitting module samples the low-power part of the laser 1 to be tested through the 95/5 detection sampling optical fiber splitter 2, and then when the low power part is split into two equal parts by the first splitter 5, most of the output power can be used for other test types.
In the step of splitting the detected sample, the detected laser 1 is connected with the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter 2, most of the power split by the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter 2 can be output from a high-power output arm 3 of the detection sampling beam splitter, the output end face is of an FC/APC structure, and the sampling part is output from a low-power output arm 4 of the detection sampling beam splitter.
In the step of splitting the measured sample beam, the wavelength of the laser 1 to be measured is used as a periodic continuous tuning movement in the time domain.
In the single-arm delay step, the delay optical fiber 11 with a proper length is connected with the first output end 9 of the second optical fiber beam splitter.
In the single-arm delay step, the selected optical fiber can be subjected to wavelength matching according to the wavelength of the laser to be detected.
In the single-arm delay step, the delay optical fiber 9 may be an optical fiber with an appropriate length according to the frequency tuning speed and the measurement accuracy of the laser to be measured, so as to achieve a reasonable interference effect, and generally, the length of the delay optical fiber 9 may be 10 to 30 m.
Moreover, in the two beam combination optical interference step, pass through time delay fiber 11, second fiber beam splitter second output 10 and third fiber beam splitter 12 realize, third fiber beam splitter 12 is the reverse connection setting, the two arms of the 12 beam splitting of third fiber beam splitter respectively with time delay fiber 11 with second fiber beam splitter second output 10 is connected two beam interference is realized to the single optic fibre one end of third fiber beam splitter 12.
Moreover, in the two-beam combining optical interference step, the two-beam interference type is a mach-zehnder interference scheme.
In the step of detecting michelson interference fringes, the detection is realized by a balanced homodyne detector 13 and an oscilloscope 14, two photoelectric probes of the balanced homodyne detector 13 respectively receive laser from the output end of the third optical fiber beam splitter 12 and laser from the second output end 7 of the first optical fiber beam splitter, and two paths of laser signals realize differential detection on the balanced homodyne detector 13; and reading the electric signal output by the balanced homodyne detector 13 through an oscilloscope 14, and obtaining an electric signal corresponding to the interference signal on the oscilloscope 14.
In addition, in the step of detecting michelson interference fringes, when the test is performed by the balanced homodyne detector 13 and the oscilloscope 14, the interference direct current signal of the background can be subtracted, so that the contrast of the interference signal is enhanced.
Moreover, the optical device can adopt an all-fiber device, and is convenient to assemble into a test module which has stable performance and is insensitive to vibration.
The power splitting ratio of the first optical fiber splitter 5, the second optical fiber splitter 8, and the third optical fiber splitter 11 is 50/50.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides an all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement apparatus, which is used to implement the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method provided in embodiment 1. The all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring device comprises:
the laser beam splitting module is used for splitting and sampling the laser beam of the laser 1 to be tested;
the single-arm delay module is used for splitting the measured laser beam subjected to beam splitting sampling again through the first optical fiber beam splitter 5, delaying one laser beam through the delay optical fiber 11, outputting the delayed laser beam through the output end on one side of the second optical fiber beam splitter 8, and directly transmitting the other laser beam into the surface of one photoelectric probe of the balanced homodyne detector 13;
the double-beam combining optical interference module is used for realizing beam combining interference of one delayed laser beam and one undelayed beam at one end of a single optical fiber of the third optical fiber beam splitter 12 which is connected in the reverse direction;
a mach-zehnder interference fringe detection module for detecting the interference fringes through a balanced homodyne detector 13 and displaying the interference fringes through an oscilloscope 14;
as shown in fig. 2, in detail, in the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring apparatus, the laser beam splitting module includes the laser 1 to be measured and a detection sampling fiber beam splitter 2;
the single-arm delay module comprises the first optical fiber beam splitter 5, a delay optical fiber 11 and a second optical fiber beam splitter 8;
the double-beam combining optical interference module comprises a third optical fiber beam splitter 12;
the Mach-Zehnder interference fringe detection module comprises a balanced homodyne detector 13 and an oscilloscope 14;
a detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter 2, a first optical fiber beam splitter 5, a second optical fiber beam splitter 8, a delay optical fiber 11, a third optical fiber beam splitter 12, a balance homodyne detector 13 and an oscilloscope 14 are sequentially arranged behind a laser 1 to be detected. The probe sampling fiber splitter 2 splits the power of the laser 1 under test into two portions 95/5, where 95% of the power can be used for other measurement applications and 5% of the sampled power is used for laser tuning frequency range measurements here. The detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter 2 comprises a detection sampling beam splitter high-power output arm 3 and a detection sampling beam splitter low-power output arm 4, the detection sampling beam splitter low-power output arm 4 of the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter 2 is connected with the single-arm end of the first optical fiber beam splitter 5, the first optical fiber beam splitter 5 divides input power into two equal parts, the first optical fiber output end 6 of the first optical fiber beam splitter 5 is connected with the input end of the second optical fiber beam splitter 8, and the second optical fiber output end 7 of the first optical fiber beam splitter is directly aligned to the surface of a photoelectric sensor of the balanced homodyne detector 13 and used for measuring background signals of interference signals. The second optical fiber beam splitter splits the laser beam input by the first optical fiber output end 6 of the first optical fiber beam splitter into two beams with equal success rate, wherein the first optical fiber output end 9 of the second optical fiber beam splitter is connected with the optical fiber 11 for time delay, the length of the optical fiber 11 for time delay is L, and the effective refractive index of the corresponding optical fiber 11 at the measured laser wavelength is n eff Corresponding delay equivalent optical path is n eff L eff Wherein L is eff For calculating the optical fiber length difference of the two interfering arms of the delay optical fiber 11 within the length L, the delay optical fiber 11 is connected with one input arm of the third optical fiber splitter 12, and the second optical fiber output end 10 of the second optical fiber splitter is connected with the other input arm of the third optical fiber splitter 12. After the delayed laser and the non-delayed laser realize double-beam combination on the third optical fiber beam splitter 12, the interference fringes have obvious advantages due to the good transverse mode quality of the delay optical fiber 11. The beam combining arm of the third optical fiber beam splitter 12 is directly aligned to the other photoelectric sensor of the balanced homodyne detector 13, and can receive double lightThe beams interfere with the information. After differential detection is realized, an oscillating near-sinusoidal signal is obtained. By connecting to the oscilloscope 14, reading the maximum and minimum values, the frequency interval of the maximum value of the spectrum from which the interference spectrum can be obtained is shown as formula (I),
further, the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring device of the present embodiment may be applied to a laser system to be measured as an independent module, where the laser 1 to be measured may be a semiconductor laser, a fiber laser, or a dye laser, and the like, and the laser to be measured is coupled to the fiber single-arm input end of the detection sampling fiber beam splitter 2.
Further, for the periodic frequency tuning of the laser to be measured, the tuned control signal can also be accessed to the trigger channel of the oscilloscope 14, so as to realize stable interference fringe observation.
Furthermore, the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter 2, the detection sampling beam splitter low-power output arm 4, the first optical fiber beam splitter 5, the first optical fiber output end 6 of the first optical fiber beam splitter, the second optical fiber beam splitter 8, the delay optical fiber 11, and the third optical fiber beam splitter 12 are connected by using optical fiber fusion splicing equipment to perform optical path connection, so as to realize high-efficiency and high-stability transmission.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. An all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out beam splitting sampling on the laser beam of the laser to be detected;
splitting the measured laser beam after the beam splitting sampling again through a first optical fiber beam splitter, delaying one laser beam through a delay optical fiber, outputting the delayed laser beam through one side output end of a second optical fiber beam splitter, and transmitting the other laser beam into a balanced homodyne detector;
combining and interfering the delayed laser beam and the undelayed laser beam at one end of a single optical fiber of a third optical fiber beam splitter which is reversely connected;
detecting the interference fringes through a balanced homodyne detector, and displaying the interference fringes through an oscilloscope; the two photoelectric probes of the balanced homodyne detector respectively receive laser from the output end of the third optical fiber beam splitter and laser from the second output end of the first optical fiber beam splitter, and the two laser signals realize differential detection on the balanced homodyne detector; reading the electric signal output by the balanced homodyne detector through an oscilloscope, and obtaining an electric signal corresponding to the interference signal on the oscilloscope;
and reversely deducing the laser frequency tuning range according to the peak-to-peak value signal in the time domain of the interference fringe.
2. The all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method of claim 1,
the laser beam splitting module samples partial power of the laser to be detected through the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter, then the partial power is divided into two parts of equal power by the first beam splitter, and the two parts of equal power are respectively output from the first optical fiber output end of the first optical fiber beam splitter and the second optical fiber output end of the first optical fiber beam splitter.
3. The all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method of claim 2,
the laser beam splitting module detects a sampling optical fiber beam splitter through 95/5 to realize the sampling part power of the laser to be detected.
4. The all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method of claim 3,
and connecting the laser to be tested with the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter, wherein partial power after beam splitting of the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter is output from a high-power output arm of the detection sampling beam splitter, the output end face of the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter is of an FC/APC structure, and a sampling part is output from a low-power output arm of the detection sampling beam splitter.
5. The all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method of claim 4,
the wavelength of the laser to be measured is used as the periodic continuous tuning movement in the time domain.
6. The all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method of claim 5,
the third optical fiber beam splitter is reversely connected, two arms of the third optical fiber beam splitter are respectively connected with the delay optical fiber and the second output end of the second optical fiber beam splitter, and double-beam interference is realized at one end of a single optical fiber of the third optical fiber beam splitter.
7. The all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement method of claim 1,
when the oscilloscope is implemented, the interference direct current signal of the background is subtracted, and the contrast of the interference signal is enhanced.
8. An all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring device for implementing the all-fiber laser tuning frequency measuring method according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
the laser beam splitting module is used for splitting and sampling the laser beam of the laser to be detected;
the single-arm delay module is used for splitting the measured laser beam after beam splitting sampling again through the first optical fiber beam splitter, delaying one laser beam through a delay optical fiber, outputting the delayed laser beam through the output end on one side of the second optical fiber beam splitter, and directly transmitting the other laser beam into the surface of one photoelectric probe of the balanced homodyne detector;
the double-beam combining optical interference module is used for combining and interfering one delayed laser beam with the laser beam at one end of the single optical fiber of the reversely connected third optical fiber beam splitter;
and the Mach-Zehnder interference fringe detection module is used for detecting the interference fringes through the balanced homodyne detector and displaying the interference fringes through an oscilloscope.
9. The all-fiber laser tuning frequency measurement device of claim 8,
the laser beam splitting module comprises the laser to be detected and a detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter;
the single-arm time delay module comprises the first optical fiber beam splitter, a time delay optical fiber and a second optical fiber beam splitter;
the double-beam-combining optical interference module comprises a third optical fiber beam splitter;
the Mach-Zehnder interference fringe detection module comprises a balanced homodyne detector and an oscilloscope;
the detection sampling optical fiber beam splitter, the first optical fiber beam splitter, the second optical fiber beam splitter, the delay optical fiber, the third optical fiber beam splitter, the balance homodyne detector and the oscilloscope are sequentially arranged behind the laser to be detected.
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