CN102332956B - Dispersion compensation method for broadband light source - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dispersion compensation method for a broadband light source. A polarization-preserving fiber polarization coupling testing system based on a Michelson interferometer is formed by the broadband light source, and the Michelson interferometer compensates the optical path difference between an excitation mode and a coupling mode in the polarization-preserving fiber, and a detector acquires an interference signal; specifically, the method comprises the following steps of: intercepting the initial data acquired by the detector through a window function, and taking out the interference data Imain between the excitation modes and the interference data Icoupling between the excitation mode and the coupling mode; respectively executing Hilbert transformation and Gaussian fitting on the Imain and the Icoupling, obtaining envelopes (I)main and (I)coupling of the interference signal, getting a birefringence dispersion coefficient Delta D according to a ratio Eta of the width of the (I)main to the width of the (I)coupling at a 1/e part, obtaining a phase factor needed for the dispersion compensation, and then multiplying the phase factor by a nonlinear frequency spectrum function with dispersion information to eliminate nonlinear phase items causing the widening of the interference signal envelopes; and finally, obtaining the dispersion compensated interference signal Icomp by executing Fourier inversion on the obtained linear frequency spectrum function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization coupling test technology, in particular to a dynamic dispersion compensation method of a polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization coupling test system built by a broadband light source, and belongs to the technical field of high-precision measurement.
Background
The broadband light source is a low-coherence light source with a certain spectral width and a short coherence length, and an interference system built by the broadband light source is mostly called a white light interference system because the light source has a wide spectral width. In commonly used electro-optical interferometry systems, the most commonly used light source is a single mode or narrow band, highly coherent laser of various types. The system can obtain the nanometer measurement precision under the precise measurement condition, but the single value dynamic range of the measurement system is generally very small, only the relative measurement can be carried out on the physical quantity, and the absolute measurement cannot be realized, if the output power of the light source is changed in the measurement process, the measurement of the measured change information is influenced. Meanwhile, the system has strict requirements on external environments such as temperature, humidity and pressure, and is complex in structure and high in cost. In contrast, white light interferometers that use broadband light sources can solve some of these challenges. The interference method has an interference main maximum value at the position of zero optical path difference and can carry out absolute measurement on the physical quantity to be measured; the measurement of the physical quantity to be measured is realized by detecting the relative difference of interference fringes, the sensitivity to the external environment is low, and the difficulty of signal detection and processing is not high; the device has the advantages of large dynamic range of measurement, high resolution, simple structure and the like. However, since the broadband light source has a large spectral width, when light passes through the nonlinear dispersion medium, the phase of the light wave is distorted, thereby widening the interference envelope and reducing the measurement resolution, so that the second-order dispersion term related to the wavelength of the light becomes a non-negligible problem when the broadband light source is used for interference measurement. Therefore, compensation of the second-order dispersion term caused by the broadband light source becomes one of the key technologies for improving the measurement accuracy of the white light interference test system.
At present, the compensation of chromatic dispersion is mostly concentrated in the field of communication technology, and in addition, chromatic dispersion compensation technology is also more common in optical coherence tomography measurement. Patent 200710199953 proposes a chromatic dispersion compensating fiber for compensating chromatic dispersion of an optical fiber line in a communication system by a combination of positive and negative dispersion value fibers. Patent 200710107461.9 discloses an electrical method for processing the collected signal to compensate for any dispersion value of the optical fiber. Patent 200610052463.8 proposes a dispersion compensation method in optical coherence tomography, which is implemented by adding a blazed grating parallel to the original blazed grating in the original single-grating fast scanning delay line. The dispersion compensation method mostly adopts a dispersion compensation optical fiber or a compensation method of electrical and optical phase modulation, and the methods can only compensate an optical fiber with a fixed dispersion value or cannot realize effective compensation of dispersion of an ultra-wideband optical signal due to the influence of factors such as limited frequency band range of the method or the like, or have complex implementation devices and are easy to introduce noise, errors and the like. However, in view of the real-time performance of the polarization coupling test system of the low-coherence polarization-maintaining fiber and the arbitrary birefringence dispersion value, a method for compensating an arbitrary dispersion value in real time and rapidly is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dispersion compensation method of a broadband light source by combining the characteristics of system interference signals through a polarization-maintaining optical fiber polarization coupling detection system which is constructed by the broadband light source and based on a Michelson interferometer. The dispersion introduced when the system uses a broadband light source is compensated quickly and in real time, so that the quasi-distributed sensing of the polarization maintaining optical fiber on stress, position, temperature and the like is realized.
The invention provides a dispersion compensation method of a broadband light source, which adopts the broadband light source to construct a polarization-maintaining optical fiber polarization coupling test system based on a Michelson interferometer, light emitted by the light source is coupled into a polarization-maintaining optical fiber along a certain characteristic axis of the optical fiber to form an excitation mode, and when a certain point of the optical fiber is acted by force, part of energy of the excitation mode is coupled to the other characteristic axis of the optical fiber to form a coupling mode. Compensating an optical path difference between an excitation mode and a coupling mode in a polarization maintaining optical fiber through a Michelson interferometer, and acquiring an interference signal by a detector, wherein the specific compensation method comprises the following steps:
1, intercepting interference data I of an excitation mode and an excitation mode from original data acquired by a detector through a rectangular window functionmainAnd interference data I of excitation mode and coupling modecoupling；
2 nd, respectively intercepting I of the step 1mainAnd IcouplingPerforming Hilbert transform and Gaussian fitting to obtain envelope of interference signal<I>mainAnd<I>couplingthe birefringence dispersion coefficient DeltaD of the optical fiber is measured at the ratio eta of the width at 1/e,
where c is the speed of light in vacuum, Δ λ and λ0Respectively the spectral width and the central wavelength of the light source spectrum, and L is the distance between the optical fiber coupling point and the optical fiber emergent end. Since when there is birefringent dispersion, the interference envelope will be wide at 1/e
Widening the rate;
3, obtaining the dispersion phase compensation factor from the birefringence dispersion coefficient Delta D of the optical fiberWherein,
omega is the frequency of light wave, omega0The center frequency of the light wave.
4, the dispersion phase compensation factor obtained in the step 3 and the interference data I of the excitation mode and the coupling mode intercepted in the step 1couplingBy multiplication of a spectral function of (I) or (ii) can eliminatecouplingThe nonlinear phase term causing the envelope broadening of the interference signal in the phase delta phi (omega) of the interference signal to obtain a linear frequency spectrum signal; wherein,
in the formula, Δ β (ω) is propagation constant difference of fast and slow axes of polarization maintaining fiber, Δ nbIs phase birefringence, Δ NbFor group birefringence, the nonlinear term of the third term in Δ Φ (ω) with respect to ω is the dispersive phase term that causes broadening of the interference envelope.
And 5, finally, performing Fourier inversion on the linear frequency spectrum signal obtained in the step 4 to obtain an interference signal I after dispersion compensationcomp。
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. aiming at the characteristics of high test precision, good real-time performance and uncertain system birefringence dispersion value required by a polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization coupling test system based on a Michelson interferometer, the invention designs a method for dynamically compensating dispersion caused when a broadband light source is applied to dispersion medium measurement.
2. The dispersion compensation method is realized by analyzing and processing the original signal by a computer, has high automation degree, and has the advantages of high compensation speed, simplicity, easy operation and good real-time performance.
3. The dispersion compensation method of the invention is also widely suitable for testing systems using broadband light sources, such as long-distance polarization maintaining fiber gyroscope measurement, polarization maintaining fiber extinction ratio test and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polarization coupling test system for low coherence polarization maintaining fiber.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for collecting interference signals.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of system dispersion compensation.
Fig. 4 shows interference data of the coupling point at 400m of the polarization maintaining fiber, (a) experimentally collected data, and (b) compensated data.
Fig. 5 shows interference data of a coupling point at 1000m of the polarization maintaining fiber, (a) experimentally collected data, and (b) compensated data.
Fig. 6 shows interference data of coupling points at the polarization maintaining fiber 399.9m and 400m, (a) experimental data acquisition, and (b) compensated data.
In the figure, a light source 1, an optical isolator 2, a polarizer 3, a polarization maintaining optical fiber 4, a beam expanding collimating lens 5, a half-wave plate 6, a Glan prism 7, a beam splitter 8, a reflector 9, a guide rail 10, a scanning mirror 11, a converging lens 12, a detector 13, a collection card 14, a computer 15, a motor 16 and a motor 17 are arranged.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polarization coupling test system for a low coherence polarization maintaining optical fiber, in which a supercontinuum light source 1 emits supercontinuum light, passes through an optical isolator 2, is coupled into a polarization maintaining optical fiber along a certain main shaft of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 4 after passing through a polarizer 3, then the light is collimated by a beam expanding collimating lens 5, the polarization state of the light is changed by a half-wave plate 6 and the half-wave plate is combined with a Glan prism 7 to enable the light waves of the fast and slow axes of the polarization maintaining fiber to be projected to the direction of 45 degrees, the light projected to the same polarization state enters an adjustable Michelson interferometer, the projected light is divided into two beams by a beam splitter 8, one beam reaches a reflector 9, the other beam reaches a movable scanning mirror 11 fixed on a guide rail 10, the excitation mode and the coupling mode are interfered by compensating the optical path difference by moving the scanning mirror, the interference light enters the detector 13 through the converging lens 12, and then the light signal collected by the detector is converted into a digital electric signal by the collecting card 14 and sent to the computer 15 for processing. The rotation of the half slide and the movement of the guide rail in the experimental device are realized by the signals sent to the acquisition card by the computer and the control of the motor 16 and the motor 17 by the acquisition card. Because the polarization maintaining optical fiber has the characteristic of maintaining the polarization state of light, when the optical fiber is subjected to external force or has defects, linear polarization transmitted along a certain main shaft is coupled to another main shaft, so that the coupling of a light propagation mode is caused, and finally, the position of a coupling point and the intensity of the coupling point can be demodulated by collected interference light signals.
The dispersion compensation method of the broadband light source provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps:
1, intercepting interference data I of an excitation mode and an excitation mode from original data acquired by a detector through a rectangular window functionmainAnd interference data I of excitation mode and coupling modecoupling；
2 nd, respectively intercepting I of the step 1mainAnd IcouplingPerforming Hilbert transform and Gaussian fitting to obtain envelope of interference signal<I>mainAnd<I>couplingthe birefringence dispersion coefficient DeltaD of the optical fiber is measured at the ratio eta of the width at 1/e,
where c is the speed of light in vacuum, Δ λ and λ0Respectively the spectral width and the central wavelength of the light source spectrum, and L is the distance between the optical fiber coupling point and the optical fiber emergent end. Since when there is birefringent dispersion, the interference envelope will be wide at 1/e
Widening the rate;
3, obtaining the dispersion phase compensation factor from the birefringence dispersion coefficient Delta D of the optical fiber
Wherein,
omega is the frequency of light wave, omega0The center frequency of the light wave.
4, the dispersion phase compensation factor obtained in the step 3 and the interference data I of the excitation mode and the coupling mode intercepted in the step 1couplingBy multiplication of a spectral function of (I) or (ii) can eliminatecouplingThe nonlinear phase term causing the envelope broadening of the interference signal in the phase delta phi (omega) of the interference signal to obtain a linear frequency spectrum signal; wherein,
in the formula, Δ β (ω) is propagation constant difference of fast and slow axes of polarization maintaining fiber, Δ nbIs phase birefringence, Δ NbFor group birefringence, the nonlinear term of the third term in Δ Φ (ω) with respect to ω is the dispersive phase term that causes broadening of the interference envelope.
And 5, finally, performing Fourier inversion on the linear frequency spectrum signal obtained in the step 4 to obtain an interference signal I after dispersion compensationcomp。
As shown in fig. 3, the method includes the steps of intercepting excitation mode and excitation mode interference data 20 and excitation mode and coupling mode interference data 21 from collected original data 18 through a window function 19, obtaining envelopes of two groups of interference data through hilbert transform 22 and gaussian fitting 23, measuring a polarization-preserving fiber birefringence dispersion coefficient 24 according to the width ratio of the envelopes of the two groups of interference data to obtain a dispersion phase compensation factor 25 required for compensating dispersion values at coupling points, multiplying the dispersion phase compensation factor 25 by a nonlinear spectrum function 27 obtained through fourier transform 26 of data envelopes at the coupling points, eliminating envelope broadening nonlinear terms caused in the nonlinear spectrum function to obtain a linear spectrum function 28, and finally performing inverse fourier transform 29 on the obtained linear spectrum function to obtain a dispersion-compensated interference signal 30.
In the detection process, a super continuum spectrum light source adopts a SUPERLUM IRELAND light source with model number P4-0114, the spectral density of the light source is in Gaussian distribution, the central wavelength is 1315nm, the spectral width is 30.08nm, and the beat length is 2.6 mm. The polarization maintaining optical fiber to be measured adopts a polarization maintaining optical fiber with the working wavelength of 1310nm and the cut-off wavelength of 1208.10nm of forty-six research institutes of China electronic technology group company. The detector adopts a model PDA10CS-EC manufactured by THORLABS company, the detection wavelength range is 700nm-1800nm, and a USB6251 data acquisition card manufactured by NI company is used for acquiring data for subsequent processing.
In the experimental process, the polarization maintaining optical fiber for testing is accessed into the system, after all equipment is started, the rotation of the half-wave plate is controlled through the stepping motor, two beams of light transmitted along the polarization maintaining optical fiber at high speed and low speed are projected to the direction of 45 degrees, and then the length of the optical fiber required to be scanned is set for data acquisition. The stepping motor drives the scanning mirror to compensate the optical path, and the signals detected by the detector are collected by the collecting card and sent to the computer for analysis and processing. Because the optical fiber and the polarizer have axial errors, in the collected interference signals, the maximum value position of the interference between the excitation mode and the excitation mode is a zero optical path difference position and corresponds to the emergent end of the optical fiber. When a certain point in the optical fiber has a larger coupling point, interference data formed by interference of the excitation mode and the coupling mode and related to the position and the size of the coupling point appears at the corresponding position of the collected interference signal, as shown in fig. 2. As the joint of the optical fiber to be detected and the polarizer has larger optical mode coupling caused by the axial error, a larger coupling point can be seen in the collected signal, the envelope of interference data of an excitation mode and the envelope of interference data of the excitation mode and the coupling mode are extracted by the method shown in figure 3, the width of the excitation mode and the excitation mode is divided by the width of the excitation mode and the coupling mode at the 1/e position, and then the birefringence dispersion coefficient Delta D is obtained through calculation, so that the dispersion compensation factor is obtained
Then the Fourier of the data of the coupling point is compared with the data of the coupling pointAnd (3) multiplying the nonlinear spectrum signals containing dispersion information obtained after the leaf transformation to eliminate the nonlinear effect caused by birefringence dispersion to obtain linear spectrum signals, and finally performing Fourier inversion on the linear spectrum signals to obtain the interference signals after dispersion compensation.
1. Implementation method 1
In a 400m polarization maintaining optical fiber access system, a larger coupling point exists at a joint of a 400m optical fiber and a polarizer, the width of the envelope of the interference data of an excitation mode and a coupling mode at a 1/e position is 122.69um after data acquired by a detector is subjected to window function interception, Hilbert transform and Gaussian fitting, the width of the envelope of the interference data of the excitation mode and the coupling mode at the 1/e position is 26.10um, the eta is 4.70 according to the ratio of the excitation mode and the excitation mode, and then the formula in the step 2 is used for obtaining the eta
The birefringence dispersion coefficient of the measured optical fiber is obtained as DeltaD which is 0.0116 multiplied by 10-9ps/(nm. km), bringing it into step 3
The value of the dispersion compensation factor is obtained and is interfered with the excitation mode and the coupling mode I intercepted in the first stepcouplingBy multiplication of a spectral function of (I), IcouplingThe nonlinear phase term causing the envelope broadening of the interference signal in the frequency spectrum obtains a linear frequency spectrum function, and finally, the 5 th step is used for carrying out Fourier inversion to obtain the interference signal after dispersion compensation. The method for processing data by using software after data acquisition in an experiment can quickly compensate the dispersion of the 400m polarization maintaining fiber in real time by the flow shown in fig. 3. The compensation results are shown in fig. 4, and the width of the envelope of the compensated excitation mode and coupling mode interference data at 1/e is reduced to 27.36um, which is close to the envelope width 26.10um of the excitation mode and excitation mode interference data without dispersion.
2. Implementation example two
The 1310nm polarization maintaining fiber used in the experiment generally has a very small birefringence dispersion coefficient, but when the length of the fiber is longer, the birefringence dispersion of the fiber will cause the spread of the interference optical signal to be more serious. Therefore, in the experiment, in the 1000m polarization maintaining fiber access system, as described in the first embodiment, it can be measured that a larger coupling point exists at 1000m, the same method as that of the first embodiment is adopted to perform dispersion compensation on the envelope of the interference data of the excitation mode and the coupling mode at 1000m, and the results before and after compensation are shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen that the width of the envelope of the interference data of the excitation mode and the coupling mode at 1/e after compensation is reduced from 373.07um to 39.93 um.
3. Implementation example three
To further illustrate the importance of dispersion compensation when a broadband light source is used as a light source of a test system for testing, a 400m polarization maintaining fiber is connected into the system, and an external force is applied at a position about 10cm away from a joint of the 400m fiber and a polarizer, as known from the first embodiment of the implementation method and the principle of polarization coupling test, a coupling point exists at 399.9m and 400m respectively, because the transmission distance is long, envelopes of interference data of an excitation mode and a coupling mode at the two coupling points are widened and overlapped so as not to be separated, and after dispersion compensation, the envelopes of the interference data at the two coupling points are narrowed by about 4.7 times than before compensation, so that the two near coupling points can be easily distinguished, and results before and after compensation are shown in fig. 6.
Claims (1)
1. A broadband light source is adopted to construct a polarization maintaining fiber polarization coupling test system based on a Michelson interferometer, light emitted by the light source is coupled into a polarization maintaining fiber along a certain characteristic axis of the fiber to form an excitation mode, and when a certain point of the fiber is acted by force, the excitation mode couples partial energy to another characteristic axis of the fiber to form a coupling mode; compensating an optical path difference between an excitation mode and a coupling mode through a Michelson interferometer, and detecting an interference signal by a detector, wherein the compensation method comprises the following steps:
1, detecting the objectIntercepting interference data I of an excitation mode and an excitation mode by acquired original data through a rectangular window functionmainAnd interference data I of excitation mode and coupling modecoupling；
2 nd, respectively intercepting I of the step 1mainAnd IcouplingPerforming Hilbert transform and Gaussian fitting to obtain envelope of interference signal<I>mainAnd<I>couplingthe birefringence dispersion coefficient DeltaD of the optical fiber is measured at the ratio eta of the width at 1/e,where c is the speed of light in vacuum, Δ λ and λ0Respectively the spectral width and the center wavelength of the light source spectrum,
l is the distance from the fiber coupling point to the fiber exit end, since when there is birefringent dispersion, the width of the interference envelope at 1/e will be equal to
Widening the rate;
3, obtaining the dispersion phase compensation factor from the birefringence dispersion coefficient Delta D of the optical fiber
Wherein,
omega is the frequency of light wave, omega0Is the center frequency of the light wave;
4, the dispersion phase compensation factor obtained in the step 3 and the interference data I of the excitation mode and the coupling mode intercepted in the step 1couplingBy multiplication of a spectral function of (I) or (ii) can eliminatecouplingThe nonlinear phase term causing the envelope broadening of the interference signal in the phase delta phi (omega) of the interference signal to obtain a linear frequency spectrum signal; wherein,
in the formula, Δ β (ω) is propagation constant difference of fast and slow axes of polarization maintaining fiber, Δ nbIs phase birefringence，ΔNbFor group birefringence, the nonlinear term of the third term in Δ Φ (ω) with respect to ω is the dispersive phase term that causes broadening of the interference envelope;
and 5, finally, performing Fourier inversion on the linear frequency spectrum signal obtained in the step 4 to obtain an interference signal I after dispersion compensationcomp。
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| CN102914421B (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-08-12 | 苏州光环科技有限公司 | A kind of method for measuring polarization interference in optical birefringence medium and equipment thereof |
| CN104104445B (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2017-06-30 | 富士通株式会社 | The computing device and method of nonlinear weight coefficient |
| CN103267536B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-08-26 | 天津大学 | Based on the low coherence interference demodulation method of dispersion characteristic and envelope peak |
| CN103398732B (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-11-18 | 天津大学 | Based on the low coherence interference demodulation method of frequency spectrum nonlinear effect dispersion compensation |
| CN104683031A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-03 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for eliminating nonlinear effect, transmitter and receiving machine |
| CN105115436B (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-11-17 | 苏州光环科技有限公司 | The method of sensing device and monitor stress and temperature |
| CN106452592B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Tunable single passband microwave photon FILTERING BY HILBERT TRANSFORMATION system |
| CN106525390B (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-10-26 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of dispersion compensation method for the optical fibre polarization-maintaining device with superelevation distribution birefringence dispersion |
| CN107453836B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2023-05-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十四研究所 | Cascade optical fiber phase compensator and optical fiber transmission system |
| CN109443404A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-08 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of optical fiber white light interference device of band measurement sliding rail |
| CN111879730B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-08-30 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Optical coherence tomography signal processing method based on rectangular window function optimization |
| CN112326203A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-05 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Method for determining imaging system parameters through interference fringe central area data |
| CN113804406B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-12-26 | 广东工业大学 | Birefringent dispersion iterative compensation method for optical frequency domain polarization crosstalk measurement |
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