CN113802514A - Step hydropower station ecological regulation and control experimental device - Google Patents
Step hydropower station ecological regulation and control experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000192710 Microcystis aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological regulation and control experimental device for a cascade hydropower station, which comprises multistage river channels, wherein the multistage river channels are sequentially connected in series and are arranged in cascade; a hydropower station regulation and control area is arranged between adjacent riverway water channels; the fluid in the water channel of the cascade river channel consists of water and nano SiO2And polyethylene glycol. The cascade hydropower station experimental device provided by the invention can realize real simulation of a river channel of a full flow domain with continuous variable slope and a length of hundreds of kilometers based on a specific fluid and a corresponding abnormal river model, namely, the flow state and the actual condition accord with a scale relation, and on the premise, ecological hydrology regulation and ecological index regulation of each cascade in the flow domain are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological regulation and control experimental device for a cascade hydropower station.
Background
The cascade hydropower stations are hydropower station groups with upstream and downstream relations in the same river basin, can jointly play multiple functions of flood control, power generation and water supply through a reasonable scheduling mode, and are an important mode in fully developing and utilizing water conservancy and hydropower resources of rivers.
In the process of building and operating the cascade hydropower station, the hydrological situation of the drainage basin is changed greatly, so that the whole ecological system of the drainage basin is influenced, and therefore ecological regulation and control are needed to repair and treat the local ecological system in real time. The contents of the cascade power station ecological regulation and control mainly comprise: (1) ecological hydrologic regulation and control, which aims to recover natural ecological flow and natural water flow situation; (2) and (3) ecological index regulation and control including silt, pH value, dissolved oxygen and the like, wherein the water temperature index is important for survival and propagation of the fishes, and the concentration of nutritive salt in the water body is a key factor for water bloom outbreak and is the key point of index regulation and control.
The existing river engineering model is basically a single-stage river channel water tank, the river channel water tank can only simulate a certain section of river channel, the length of the river channel is from several kilometers to dozens of kilometers, and the river channel has a small gradient change river basin, so that the real simulation of a full river channel with continuous gradient change and the length of hundreds of kilometers cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides an ecological regulation and control experimental device for a cascade hydropower station aiming at the limitations of the existing river model, and the ecological regulation and control experimental device for the cascade hydropower station can be used for carrying out full-basin river channel simulation with continuous slope change and the length of hundreds of kilometers, and realizing water temperature regulation of downstream, diffusion speed regulation of downstream pollutants and the like.
The technical scheme is as follows: the cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experiment device comprises multistage river channels, wherein the multistage river channels are sequentially connected in series and are arranged in a cascade manner; a hydropower station regulation and control area is arranged between adjacent riverway water channels; the fluid in the water channel of the cascade river channel consists of water and nano SiO2And polyethylene glycol. The water level of the upper river channel water tank is higher than that of the lower river channel water tank.
The riverway water tank is formed by splicing a plurality of single water tanks; the adjacent single water tanks are fixedly connected through a telescopic mechanism; the riverway water tank also comprises a slope regulating mechanism and a bottom plate, the slope regulating mechanism is arranged below the joint of the telescopic mechanism and the single-section water tank, the slope regulating mechanism comprises a driving mechanism, and the driving end of the driving mechanism is hinged with the single-section water tank; the stiff end of actuating mechanism is fixed on the keysets, and the both ends of keysets have all linked firmly the gyro wheel, and in the guide rail of gyro wheel embedding bottom plate both sides, the keysets passes through the gyro wheel and to sliding along the guide rail level. The bottom of the bottom plate is also provided with universal wheels for moving the whole step river channel water tank.
Wherein the single water-saving tank is prepared from organic glass; the telescopic mechanism consists of a plurality of U-shaped frames arranged in parallel, a waterproof outer lining and an elastic inner lining, wherein the waterproof outer lining is wrapped on the outer surface of each frame, the elastic inner lining is a polyethylene composite film, and the adjacent frames are connected through the polyethylene composite film. The telescopic mechanism is connected with a single water tank and a next single water tank end to end respectively; the hydropower station regulation and control area is respectively connected with an upstream river channel water tank and a downstream river channel water tank through a telescopic mechanism, the telescopic mechanism is used for smoothly transiting river sections with different gradients, a U-shaped frame is made of stainless steel, and a plurality of frames arranged in parallel realize folding and stretching through elastic linings to realize length change of the telescopic mechanism; the waterproof outer lining is made of polyethylene polypropylene fabric and wraps the outer surface of the frame to prevent experimental fluid from leaking; the elastic liner has good elasticity and ductility and provides a flow passage for fluid in the telescopic section.
The hydropower station regulation and control area comprises a water inlet positioned at the lower part of the hydropower station regulation and control area and an overflow weir arranged at the joint of the hydropower station regulation and control area and a downstream river channel water tank; a stop log door is arranged at the lower part of the front end of the water outlet along the reverse direction of the fluid flow; the upper part of the inlet side and the outlet side of the hydropower station regulation area is also provided with a rectifying curtain; the hydropower station regulation and control area also comprises a heating component; heating element sets up the butt joint department in power station regulation and control district and upper reaches river course basin, and heating element sets up between stoplog door and rectification curtain. The fluid of the upper river channel water tank enters the hydropower station regulation and control area through the water inlet, and the hydropower station regulation and control area is made of organic glass and used for connecting the upstream river channel water tank with the downstream river channel water tank to perform an ecological regulation and control experiment. The water inlets are connected with a circular water inlet pipe and provided with a differential pressure flowmeter, and the water inlets are opened and closed to carry out warehousing flow control according to the water quantity regulation and control requirement; the overflow weir is a right-angle triangular weir and is used for regulating and controlling the flow out of the warehouse; the rectifying curtain is internally provided with a reverse osmosis membrane, is arranged at the water surface position of an upstream reservoir area (a downstream river channel water tank) of a hydropower station regulation area and is used for regulating and controlling the concentration of nutrient salt entering a downstream water body; the stoplog door is arranged at the lower part of the front end of the water inlet and used for regulating and controlling the temperature of water entering a water tank of a downstream river channel; the heating assembly consists of a plurality of layers of heating rods and is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of the water body entering the regulating and controlling area of the hydropower station from the upstream riverway water tank to form a water temperature layered structure, and the situation that the water temperature on the upper surface of the water body is high and the water temperature on the lower part of the water body is low due to the fact that sunlight irradiates the surface of the water body is simulated. By adopting the fluid, the problems that the liquid is mixed too fast and the temperature gradient is neutralized can be well solved.
The river channel system also comprises a branch river channel, wherein the branch river channel can be connected with any one of the river channel water tanks, and a branch interface is reserved on the side surface corresponding to the river channel water tank; the branch river channel consists of an integrated water tank and a supporting structure positioned at the bottom of the integrated water tank, the supporting structure is a hydraulic jacking device, the fixed end of the hydraulic jacking device is fixed on the bottom plate II, and the driving end of the hydraulic jacking device is rotatably connected with the integrated water tank; bottom plate II bottom is equipped with the universal wheel and is used for removing the tributary river course.
Wherein, still including experiment fluid allotment pond, experiment fluid allotment pond includes the independent cell body of many check, and different cell bodies are connected through connecting pipe and first-level river course basin water inlet and tributary river course water inlet respectively, are equipped with water pump and rectification grid on the connecting pipe. The rectifying grating is a honeycomb structure formed by five layers of organic glass tubes with the diameter from thick to thin, and is used for eliminating large-scale vortexes and improving the uniformity of fluid; the water pump is a linear regulation water pump, and linear flow regulation can be carried out in a working range.
The experimental device also comprises a tail gate and post-treatment equipment, wherein the tail gate is used for controlling the water level of the outlet wake flow; the post-treatment equipment adopts the methods of heating, chemical precipitation and filtration to treat the tail water, and the tail water is discharged after reaching the standard.
Wherein,the fluid flowing into the branch river channel is composed of water and nano SiO2Polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride.
The device comprises a plurality of stages of riverway water tanks, wherein the device also comprises parameter measuring equipment, and the outer side wall of the last section of single-section water tank in each stage of riverway water tank is provided with the parameter measuring equipment; the parameter measuring equipment comprises a plurality of rows of measuring probes arranged along the longitudinal direction and a controller connected with the measuring probes; each row of measuring probes consists of a flow velocity sensor, a water level sensor and a sound velocity sensor which are arranged in pairs. The sensor is used for measuring the flow velocity, water level, temperature and salinity indexes of the fluid based on the ultrasonic time difference principle.
Determining the horizontal scale lambda of the experimental device based on the actual size of the prototype river to be simulatedHAnd vertical scale lambdaVWherein λ isH≥λVGeometric transformation ratio of lambdaH/λVLess than or equal to 5; calculating the slope subsection of the water channel of the river channel between the steps and the horizontal scale and the vertical slope of each section of single-section water channel according to the actual slope change of the prototype water channel between the steps:
Lmi＝Lpi/λH
Dmi＝Dpi/λV
in the formula, LpiAnd DpiRespectively the horizontal scale and the vertical slope of the ith section of the prototype river course, LmiAnd DmiRespectively the horizontal dimension and the vertical slope of the ith water-saving groove in the model riverway water groove; meanwhile, determining three-dimensional configuration data of the tributary river channel according to the geometric scale according to the formula; the principle is the same, except that the horizontal scale of the tributary river channel is far smaller than that of the main stream river channel, specifically, the horizontal scale lambda determined according to the main stream river channelHAnd vertical scale lambdaVCalculating the horizontal dimension and vertical slope of the tributary river channel module:
Lm＝Lp/λH
Dm＝Dp/λV
in the formula, LpAnd DpRespectively the horizontal scale and the vertical slope of the prototype tributary river, LmAnd DmLevel bar for model branch river channelDegree and vertical slope;
according to the gravity similarity criterion and the Reynolds number similarity criterion, determining the horizontal scale lambda of the experimental deviceHDetermining a flow rate scale lambda of a test fluiduLambda of proportional scaleQ：
λQ＝λH 1.5λV
Because the geometric scale of the experiment is relatively large, the series accumulation effect of the flow scale can cause the experiment flow to be too small, which is not beneficial to the experiment operation and measurement; therefore, non-Newtonian fluids were used in experiments to increase the viscosity of the liquid, decrease the flow rate of the fluid, the ratio of the viscosity of the fluid to the viscosity of the fluid, and the ratio of the diffusion to the viscosity of the fluidEAnd corrected flow rate scale lambdaQ' is:
λQ′＝λHλV 。
the experimental process of the cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the experiment
(1-1) scale setting: determining horizontal scale lambda of experimental physical model based on actual size of watershed where cascade power station is located and size limit of indoor laboratoryHAnd vertical scale lambdaVWherein λ isH≥λVBut the geometric transformation ratio lambdaH/λVLess than or equal to 5. And calculating the slope subsection of the river channel water channel between the terraces and the horizontal scale and the vertical slope of each section according to the slope change of the river channel between the terraces.
Lmi＝Lpi/λH
Dmi＝Dpi/λV
In the formula, LpiAnd DpiRespectively the horizontal scale and the vertical slope of the ith section of the prototype river course, LmiAnd DmiRespectively is the horizontal dimension and the vertical slope of the ith water-saving groove in the model riverway water tank. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional configuration data of the tributary river channel can be determined according to the geometric scale.
Respectively determining the horizontal scale lambda of the model according to the gravity similarity criterion and the Reynolds number similarity criterionHDetermining a flow rate scale lambda of a test fluiduLambda of proportional scaleQ。
λQ＝λH 1.5λV
Because the geometric scale of the experiment is relatively large, the series accumulation effect of the flow scale can cause the experiment flow to be too small, and the experiment operation and measurement are not facilitated. Thus, the non-Newtonian fluid formulated with the thickener was used in the experiment to increase the viscosity of the liquid, decrease the flow rate of the fluid, and the viscosity scale λμDiffusion scale lambdaEAnd corrected flow rate scale lambdaQ' is:
λQ′＝λHλV
(1-2) water tank building: selecting a single water tank and a telescopic mechanism combination with proper length according to the water tank length and slope data obtained by the calculation of the scale, adjusting the position of the bottom plate and the height of a driving mechanism (jacking device) to form the water tank of each step river channel, and entering the water tank through a hydropower station regulation areaS-shaped connection is carried out, and a main flow water channel runner of the cascade hydropower station is assembled; height H of front end jacking device of nth section single-section water tanknuAnd a rear jacking height HndCalculated by the following formula, respectively:
in the formula, H0The water inlet elevation is the accumulated value of each section of vertical slope;
inputting three-dimensional configuration data of the tributary into a 3D printer to manufacture an integrated water tank, adjusting the height of the tributary water tank by using a jacking device, connecting the tributary water tank with a main stream water tank through an interface, and connecting the tributary water tank with a fluid control device to form a complete experimental water tank module system;
(1-3) working condition setting and experimental fluid configuration
According to the actual upstream incoming flow Q of the basin where the cascade hydropower station is locatedpAnd downstream water level HpDrawing up a corresponding ecological scheduling scheme, namely the lower leakage flow Q of the kth-stage cascade hydropower stationpkAnd downstream reservoir level HpkAnd simultaneously determining the upstream flow Q of the kth branch according to hydrologic datapk’. According to the corrected flow rate scale lambdaQ' and vertical geometric scale lambdaVSetting the discharge quantity Q of each cascade hydropower station in the water tank model in the experimentmkAnd reservoir level HmkAnd a branch flow rate Qmk’。
According to the actually measured water temperature layering characteristics of the reservoir area of the hydropower station, determining the relation curve T of the water temperature and the depth of the regulation and control area of the hydropower station in the experiment according to a geometric scale and a diffusion scalemk～z。
Setting pollutant diffusion characteristics of a main flow and a branch flow according to an experiment, and determining the concentration of a nutrient salt tracer (NaCl) according to a geometric scale and a diffusion scale; according to the viscosity scale lambdaμDetermination of the thickener concentration in combination with the viscosity profileThickener for test fluids (Nano SiO)2And polyethylene glycol); determining NaCl and nano SiO doped in experimental fluid preparation tank in unit time by combining experimental flow of main flow and branch flow2And the mass of polyethylene glycol.
(2) Experimental stage
(2-1) hydrologic control
According to the upstream flow set by the flow rate scale, the experiment fluid with rated flow extracted from the allocation pool by the water pump is pumped into the step river channel water tank inlet and the branch river channel water tank inlet, and then flows into the water tank system through the rectifying grating, so that a simulated upstream flow process is formed.
The experimental fluid enters each cascade hydropower station regulation and control area through the water tank, the inlet flow of the hydropower station regulation and control area is measured through a differential pressure flowmeter 311, and the inflow channel section of each water inlet is controlled to carry out warehousing flow control according to the flow and water level regulation and control requirements; the outlet flow of the hydropower station regulation area, i.e. the upstream flow of the lower step, can be calculated using the rectangular weir formula:
Q＝2m0bgH2.5
in the formula, m0And b is the flow coefficient, b is the width of the flow channel, g is the gravity accelerator, H is the weir water head, and the outlet flow is controlled by changing the weir water head H by adjusting the height of the gate. The actual output of a single step hydropower station is summed by:
N＝ηλQλVQΔH
in the formula, eta is the generating efficiency of the hydropower station, and can be 8.5, and delta H is the difference between the upstream water head and the downstream water head of the gradient hydropower station in the experiment.
(2-2) ecological Regulation
According to a set relation curve of reservoir water temperature and depth, a heating assembly is used for heating reservoir water in a layered mode to form a preset water temperature layered structure. The elevation of a stoplog door in front of a water inlet of the hydropower station is adjusted by utilizing the lifting mechanism, the water taking height and the corresponding water temperature of the hydropower station are changed, and meanwhile, the change of the temperature of the discharged water of the hydropower station is monitored.
The bottom height of the reservoir area rectifying curtain is adjusted by utilizing the lifting motor, the effective working area of a reverse osmosis module in the rectifying curtain and the surrounding water flow structure are changed, and the desalination (NaCl) speed of the rectifying curtain is controlled, so that the concentration of nutrient salt entering the reservoir area and the downstream is changed.
(2-3) index measurement
The flow velocity, water level, water temperature and salinity indexes to be measured by the experimental system are uniform based on a non-contact ultrasonic time difference technology, and the indexes are measured in real time by using paired multi-parameter probes. In an initial state, the height of each sliding rail is adjusted by the measurement control panels on the two sides of the water tank according to the data fed back by the water level probe and the depth of overflowing water, so that the probes are uniformly distributed; the control system analyzes the distribution characteristics of the flow velocity, the water temperature and the salinity in real time, and more probes are intelligently distributed to improve the measurement resolution of the area when the index distribution gradient is higher (sudden change).
(3) Post-treatment phase of experiment
Adding clear water into the blending tank, pumping into the water tank module for flushing, considering that the water tank is cleaned after the NaCl concentration of the fluid in the water tank fed back by the sound velocity probe reaches the standard, and disassembling each module for overhauling and rechecking for the next experiment.
And all tail water in the experiment and flushing stages enters post-treatment equipment for purification, and is discharged after the water quality reaches the standard.
Has the advantages that: the cascade hydropower station experimental device provided by the invention can realize real simulation of a river channel with a continuous variable slope and a full flow area with a length of hundreds of kilometers based on a specific fluid and a corresponding metamorphosis model, namely, the flow state (flow speed and water level) conforms to the actual condition, and on the premise, the ecological regulation and control of the downstream water temperature and the ecological regulation and control of the downstream nutrient salt concentration are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental facility of a cascade hydropower station;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a river channel water tank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a tributary channel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a regulatory region of a hydropower station;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental fluid preparation tank;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a configuration of a parameter measuring apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the operation of the cascade hydropower station experimental facility during experiment;
FIG. 8 shows the temperature of the discharged water before and after ecological regulation in the regulation area of the third cascade hydropower station in the embodiment;
fig. 9 is a process of changing the nutrient salt concentration in the reservoir area before and after ecological regulation in the regulation area of the third-step hydropower station in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device comprises a multistage river channel water tank 1, wherein the multistage river channel water tanks 1 are sequentially connected in series and are arranged in a cascade manner; a hydropower station regulation and control area 3 is arranged between the adjacent riverway water tanks 1; the fluid in the cascade channel water tank 1 consists of water and nano SiO2And polyethylene glycol. The river channel water tank 1 is formed by splicing a plurality of single water tanks 11; the adjacent single water tanks 11 are fixedly connected through a telescopic mechanism 12; the river channel water tank 1 further comprises a slope regulating mechanism 13 and a bottom plate 14, the slope regulating mechanism 13 is arranged below the joint of the telescopic mechanism 12 and the single-section water tank 11, the slope regulating mechanism 13 comprises a jacking device 133, and a driving end 132 of the driving mechanism 133 is hinged with the single-section water tank 11; the fixed end of the driving mechanism 133 is fixed on the adapter plate 134, the two ends of the adapter plate 134 are fixedly connected with the rollers 131, the rollers 131 are embedded into the guide rails 141 on the two sides of the bottom plate 14, and the adapter plate 134 horizontally slides along the guide rails 141 through the rollers 131; the bottom of the bottom plate 14 is also provided with universal wheels 142 for moving the whole step river channel water tank 1. The single water tank 11 is made of organic glass; the telescopic mechanism 12 is composed of a plurality of U-shaped frames 121 arranged in parallel at equal intervals, a waterproof outer lining 122 and an elastic inner lining 123, the waterproof outer lining 122 is wrapped on the outer surface of the frames 121, the elastic inner lining 123 is composed of a plurality of sections of polyethylene composite films, and each section of polyethylene composite film is connected with two adjacent frames.
The hydropower station regulation and control area 3 comprises a water inlet 31 positioned at the lower part of the hydropower station regulation and control area 3 and an overflow weir 32 arranged at the joint with the downstream river channel water tank 1; along the opposite direction of the fluid flow, the lower part of the front end of the water inlet 31 is provided with a stop log door 33; the upper part of the hydropower station regulation area 3 on the water inlet 31 side is also provided with a rectifying curtain 34; the hydropower station regulation and control area 3 further comprises a heating assembly 35, the heating assembly 35 is arranged at the joint of the hydropower station regulation and control area 3 and the upstream river channel water tank, and the heating assembly 35 is arranged between the stop log door 33 and the fairing 34.
The step hydropower station ecological regulation experiment device also comprises a branch river channel 2, wherein the branch river channel 2 is connected with any one of the river channel water tanks 1; the branch river channel 2 consists of an integrated water tank 21 and a supporting structure 22 positioned at the bottom of the integrated water tank 21; the supporting structure 22 is a hydraulic jacking device, the fixed end of the hydraulic jacking device is fixed on the bottom plate II23, and the driving end of the hydraulic jacking device is hinged with the integrated water tank 21. The fluid flowing into the branch river channel 2 is made of water nano SiO2Polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride.
The ecological regulation and control experiment device for the cascade hydropower station further comprises an experiment fluid allocation tank 4, wherein the experiment fluid allocation tank 4 comprises a plurality of independent tank bodies 41, different tank bodies 41 are respectively connected with the water inlet of the primary river channel water tank 1 and the water inlet of the branch river channel 2 through connecting pipes 46, and the connecting pipes 46 are provided with water pumps 43 and rectification grids 42. The experimental device also comprises a tail gate 44 and post-treatment equipment 45, wherein the tail gate 44 is used for controlling the water level of the outlet wake flow; the post-treatment equipment 45 is used for treating tail water by adopting heating, chemical precipitation and filtration methods, and the tail water is discharged after reaching the standard.
The step hydropower station ecological regulation experiment device also comprises parameter measuring equipment 5, wherein the parameter measuring equipment 5 is arranged on the outer side wall of the last section of single-section water tank 11 in each stage of river channel water tank 1; the parameter measuring device 5 comprises a plurality of sliding rails 521 which are arranged along the longitudinal direction, a measuring probe 51 is mounted on each sliding rail 521, and the measuring probe 51 can transversely move along the sliding rail 521 on the sliding rail 521; the parameter measurement device 5 further comprises a controller 52 connected to the measurement probe 51; each slide rail 521 is provided with a flow velocity sensor, a water level sensor and a sound velocity sensor which are arranged in pairs.
Drawing a horizontal scale lambda of the experimental water tank according to the laboratory scale (20m multiplied by 40m multiplied by 5m) and the actual scale (500km 20km 500m) of the drainage basin where the cascade hydropower station is locatedHIs 5000 and vertical scale lambdaVIs 1000, and the viscosity scale lambda and the diffusion scale lambda are determinedEAnd corrected flow rate scale lambdaQ' are 70, 3.5X 10 respectively5And 5 is106The dimensional data of the step river channel water channel and the branch river channel water channel are drawn up based on the geometric scale and are shown in the following table:
adjusting the height of the jacking device 132, connecting the water tanks of all sections of the main flow by using a telescopic mechanism 12, and connecting the water tanks 1 of all the stair river channels by using a hydropower station regulation area 3; use photosensitive resin combined material to carry out 3D and print tributary river course 2, tributary river course 2 and the 2 nd section of third step trunk water channel concatenation form complete experiment basin device.
According to the typical upstream daily average flow process of the cascade reservoir basin and the nutrient salt concentration of the main and branch flows, a flow rate, a thickening agent and NaCl concentration change table of the blending pool is drawn up and is blended in the experimental fluid blending pool 4.
| Experiment time (hour: minute) | Flow (L/s) | Thickening agent (g/L) | NaCl(g/L) |
| 00:00-00:30 | 0.52 | 80.24 | 23.64 |
| 00:30-01:00 | 0.68 | 83.08 | 28.73 |
| 01:00-01:30 | 0.57 | 79.60 | 24.13 |
| 01:30-02:00 | 0.53 | 82.34 | 34.12 |
| 02:00-02:30 | 0.49 | 78.62 | 32.87 |
| 02:30-03:00 | 0.47 | 77.26 | 27.56 |
| 03:00-03:30 | 0.58 | 85.67 | 24.67 |
| 03:30-04:00 | 0.51 | 84.42 | 29.43 |
After the experiment was started, the experimental fluid was fed from the mixing tank to the main stream and the side stream, respectively, by means of a water pump. And controlling the flow of the inlet and the outlet by using a hydropower station water inlet flowmeter and an outlet gate step by step to perform hydrological regulation and control, and recording the flow speed and the water level at a key position by using a measuring probe. After the flow is stable, adjusting the height of the stop log door to regulate and control the water temperature, adjusting the effective action height of the rectifying curtain to regulate and control the nutrient salt, acquiring ecological index data, comparing different regulation and control schemes, and summarizing the finally obtained regulation and control data of each step according to the following table:
and (3) drawing 8 and 9 by collecting the water temperature and nutrient salt data of the reservoir area of the hydropower station before and after the third-step ecological regulation, which shows that the ecological regulation has the functions of improving the let-down water temperature and reducing the nutrient salt concentration of the reservoir area.
Claims (10)
1. Ecological regulation and control experimental apparatus of step hydropower station, its characterized in that: the river channel water tank comprises a plurality of stages of river channel water tanks (1), wherein the plurality of stages of river channel water tanks (1) are sequentially connected in series and are arranged in a step shape; a hydropower station regulation and control area (3) is arranged between the adjacent river channels (1); the fluid in the step river channel water tank (1) consists of water and nano SiO2And polyethylene glycol.
2. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the river channel water tank (1) is formed by splicing a plurality of single water tanks (11); the adjacent single water tanks (11) are fixedly connected through a telescopic mechanism (12); the riverway water tank (1) further comprises a slope regulating mechanism (13) and a bottom plate (14), the slope regulating mechanism (13) is arranged below the joint of the telescopic mechanism (12) and the single-section water tank (11), the slope regulating mechanism (13) comprises a driving mechanism (133), and a driving end (132) of the driving mechanism (133) is hinged with the single-section water tank (11); the fixed end of the driving mechanism (133) is fixed on the adapter plate (134), the two ends of the adapter plate (134) are fixedly connected with the rollers (131), the rollers (131) are embedded into the guide rails (141) on the two sides of the base plate (14), and the adapter plate (134) horizontally slides along the guide rails (141) through the rollers (131).
3. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 2, which is characterized in that: the single water tank (11) is made of organic glass; the telescopic mechanism (12) is composed of a plurality of U-shaped frames (121) arranged in parallel, a waterproof outer lining (122) and an elastic inner lining (123), the waterproof outer lining (122) is wrapped on the outer surface of the frames (121), the elastic inner lining (123) is a polyethylene composite film, and the adjacent frames (121) are connected through the polyethylene composite film.
4. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the hydropower station regulation and control area (3) comprises a water inlet (31) positioned at the lower part of the hydropower station regulation and control area (3) and an overflow weir (32) arranged at the joint with the downstream river channel water tank (1); a stop log door (33) is arranged at the lower part of the front end of the water inlet (31) along the opposite direction of the fluid flow; a rectifying curtain (34) is also arranged at the upper part of the hydropower station regulation area (3) on the water inlet (31) side; the hydropower station regulation and control area (3) also comprises a heating assembly (35); the heating assembly (35) is arranged at the joint of the hydropower station regulation area (3) and the upstream river channel water tank (1) and is positioned between the stop log door (33) and the rectifying curtain (34).
5. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the river channel system also comprises a branch river channel (2), wherein the branch river channel (2) is connected with any one of the river channel water tanks (1); the branch river channel (2) is composed of an integrated water tank (21) and a supporting structure (22) located at the bottom of the integrated water tank (21).
6. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 5, which is characterized in that: the supporting structure (22) is a hydraulic jacking device, the fixed end of the hydraulic jacking device is fixed on the bottom plate II (23), and the driving end of the hydraulic jacking device is hinged with the integrated water tank (21).
7. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: still include experiment fluid allotment pond (4), experiment fluid allotment pond (4) are including cell body (41) that many check are independent, and different cell bodies (41) are connected through connecting pipe (46) and first river course basin (1) water inlet and tributary river course (2) water inlet respectively, are equipped with water pump (43) and rectification grid (42) on connecting pipe (46).
8. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 7, which is characterized in that: the fluid flowing into the branch river channel (2) is composed of water and nano SiO2Polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride.
9. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the device also comprises parameter measuring equipment (5), and the outer side wall of the last section of single-section water tank (11) in each stage of river channel water tank (1) is provided with the parameter measuring equipment (5); the parameter measuring device (5) comprises a plurality of rows of measuring probes (51) arranged along the longitudinal direction and a controller (52) connected with the measuring probes (51); each row of measuring probes (51) consists of a flow velocity sensor, a water level sensor and a sound velocity sensor which are arranged in pairs.
10. The cascade hydropower station ecological regulation experimental device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: determining the horizontal scale lambda of the water channel of the multi-stage river channel based on the actual size of the prototype river channel to be simulatedHAnd vertical scale lambdaVWherein λ isH≥λVGeometric transformation ratio of lambdaH/λVLess than or equal to 5; calculating the slope subsection of the water channel of the river channel between the steps and the horizontal scale and the vertical slope of each section of single-section water channel according to the actual slope change of the prototype water channel between the steps:
Lmi＝Lpi/λH
Dmi＝Dpi/λV
in the formula, LpiAnd DpiRespectively the horizontal scale and the vertical slope of the ith section of the prototype river course, LmiAnd DmiRespectively the horizontal dimension and the vertical slope of the ith water-saving groove in the model riverway water groove; meanwhile, determining three-dimensional configuration data of the tributary river channel according to the geometric scale according to the formula;
according to the gravity similarity criterion and the Reynolds number similarity criterion, determining the horizontal scale lambda of the experimental deviceHDetermining a flow rate scale lambda of a test fluiduLambda of proportional scaleQ：
λQ＝λH 1.5λV
The non-Newtonian fluid is adopted to increase the viscosity of the liquid, reduce the flow rate of the fluid and compare the viscosity of the fluid with the lambdaμDiffusion scale lambdaEAnd corrected flow rate scale lambdaQ' is:
λQ′＝λHλV。
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| CN205604160U (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-09-28 | 长春工程学院 | Test platform is adjusted to hydraulic engineering multidimension |
| CN111005347A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-14 | 河海大学 | Multifunctional test system for optimizing design of water flow structure in front of water inlet of hydropower station |
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| CN115014705B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-01-02 | 浙江大学 | Turning-back water tank device and multi-group synchronous test method |
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