CN109506891B - Water tank for simulating mixing of salt and fresh water and test process flow thereof - Google Patents
Water tank for simulating mixing of salt and fresh water and test process flow thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water tank for simulating the mixing of salt and fresh water and a test process flow thereof, wherein the water tank comprises: a salt preparation chamber, a water tank and a test process thereof. The salt blending chamber is internally provided with a salt piling zone, a to-be-treated brine tank, a concentrated brine tank and a salt and fresh water separation treatment system, the salt piling zone is used for storing industrial salt for tests, and the to-be-treated brine tank, the salt and fresh water separation treatment system and the concentrated brine tank are communicated through a conveying pipeline; the water tank comprises a salt and fresh water mixing experimental water tank, a rotary section is arranged at the tail end of the water tank, a tail gate forebay is arranged at the front end of the water tank, and a water skimming collecting tank, a water return tank, a standard salt water tank, a salt blending tank, a mixed water storage tank and a clean water tank are arranged below the water tank; the test process comprises a water tank saline water inlet process, a water tank clear water inlet process and a saline water treatment process. The invention achieves the laboratory reproduction of the salt and fresh water mixing phenomenon under the condition of estuary tide reciprocating flow, realizes the simulation of a partially mixed type and a highly layered type mixed type, ensures that the acquisition of test data can be carried out under a quasi-steady state, and can be used for the related research of the salt and fresh water mixing problem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simulation salt and fresh water mixed water tank and a test process flow thereof, belonging to the technical field of simulation test water tanks and process flows for river mouth salt and fresh water mixing.
Background
The river mouth is the area where the salt water and the fresh water are mixed, and is also the water area where the river and the ocean are mixed. Because of the density difference between seawater and river water, the power conditions of tide, runoff and the like are different, and the mixing process of salt and fresh water at different river mouths is also different. Generally, the salt and fresh water mixing type can be classified into a highly stratified type, a partially mixed type and a fully mixed type. Under the change of natural conditions such as global climate warming, sea level rising and the like and under the influence of human activities such as river basin reservoir building dam, reclamation land building and the like, the river mouth condition is adjusted, the mixed state of salt and fresh water is changed along with the adjustment, and the changes have important influence on the water flow structure, river mouth ecology, sediment movement and the like. The mixing of the salt and the fresh water is an important aspect of the estuary dynamic process and is a basic research content of estuary coastal dynamics.
The test of the salt and fresh water mixed water tank is helpful for the targeted research of the estuary salt and fresh water mixed physical process and salinity transmission mechanism. The research of an American Missississippi Wickersburg water channel test station and a Dutch Delftir waterpower test room is relatively classic abroad, the former researches on the aspects of flow velocity along-the-way distribution, dominant flow, stagnation point, salt water invasion length and the like, and the latter researches the influence of different boundaries, conditions (water depth, water tank length, fresh water flow, tidal range, ocean salinity, roughness and wind condition) such as water flow and water flow shape on the salt water invasion and the water flow shape, and the results are applied to the analytic research of a one-dimensional and two-dimensional salinity transportation mathematical model; the research of the motion change rule of the saline wedge and the saline invasion length under the conditions of different water depths, runoff, tidal range and initial salinity by certain national water conservancy science research institute obtains related research results. The water tank tests are mainly researched on the phenomena and rules of salt water invasion, the simulated salt water and fresh water mixed mode is mainly of a highly layered type, and problems exist and are worthy of further research, such as: the flow velocity in the trough is small due to no better simulation of the tidal current, the research on the profile distribution of a flow velocity field and a salinity field is relatively deficient, the content of the research on the mixing of part of mixed salt and fresh water is relatively small, and the like. Therefore, a corresponding technical scheme needs to be designed for solving the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the water tank for simulating the mixing of the salt and the fresh water and the test process flow thereof, realizes the simulation of a partially mixed type and a highly layered type mixed type, achieves the laboratory reproduction of the mixing phenomenon of the salt and the fresh water under the condition of estuary tide reciprocating flow, ensures that the collection of test data can be carried out under a quasi-steady state, has the accuracy and the repeatability of the test data, can be used for basic research of estuary salt and fresh water mixing physical mechanisms and the like, and meets the actual use requirements.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a simulated saltwater and freshwater mixing sink comprising: the salt preparation chamber and the water tank are used in a matched mode, a salt piling region, a to-be-treated brine pool, a concentrated brine pool and a salt and fresh water separation treatment system are arranged in the salt preparation chamber, the salt piling region is used for piling industrial salt for testing and supplying salt to the concentrated brine pool in a manual transportation mode, the to-be-treated brine pool is communicated with the concentrated brine pool and the salt and fresh water separation treatment system through a conveying pipeline, and the salt and fresh water separation treatment system is communicated with the concentrated brine pool through a conveying pipeline;
the water tank includes: the salt and fresh water mixing experiment water tank is positioned in the middle, the tail end of the salt and fresh water mixing experiment water tank is provided with an integrally formed rotary section, the front end of the salt and fresh water mixing experiment water tank is provided with a tail gate front pool, a water skimming collecting pool, a water return pool, a standard salt water pool and a salt preparation pool are arranged below (on the lower layer) the front end of the salt and fresh water mixing experiment water tank, a mixed water storage pool is arranged below the middle part of the salt and fresh water mixing experiment water tank, and a clean water pool is arranged below the tail end of the salt;
the tail gate forebay is directly communicated with the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank, the tail gate forebay is communicated with a water skimming collecting sump through a conveying pipeline, the water skimming collecting sump is communicated with the mixed water storage tank through a conveying pipeline, the tail gate forebay is communicated with a water returning sump through tail gate overflow, the water returning sump is sequentially communicated with a salt distribution sump and a standard salt water sump through gate opening and closing, the clean water sump is communicated with the salt distribution sump through a conveying pipeline, and a bidirectional axial flow pump with a dynamic adjusting butterfly valve and an electromagnetic flow meter is arranged between the clean water sump and a rotation section of the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank and is communicated with the clean water sump through the bidirectional axial flow pump;
the concentrated brine tank is communicated with the salt preparation tank through a conveying pipeline, the salt and fresh water separation treatment system is communicated with the clean water tank through a conveying pipeline, and the mixed water storage tank is communicated with the brine tank to be treated through a conveying pipeline.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the simulated salt and fresh water mixed water tank further comprises a control box, two groups of pretreatment devices, an ultrafiltration water tank, two groups of dosing devices and a cleaning water tank which are matched for use.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the cleaning water tank, the concentrated salt pond, the standard salt water pond, the salt preparation pond, the mixed water storage pond and the clean water pond are respectively communicated with the municipal pipe network and the water meter well provided with the water meter through conveying pipelines.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the left side and the right side of the mixed water storage pool are respectively provided with a tank bottom observation chamber for laboratory personnel to enter, and the tank bottom observation chambers are used for observing experimental phenomena in the water tank through the bottom of the local transparent glass tank.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the delivery pipe includes: submersible pumps and pipelines with ball valves and glass rotameters, gates, pipelines with electrically-regulated butterfly valves, electromagnetic flow meters and manual ball valves, and submerged pumps.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the test process flow comprises a water tank saline water inlet process, a water tank clear water inlet process and a saline water treatment process.
Specifically, the water tank brine inlet process comprises the following steps:
(1) the first time of preparing the saline water in a standard saline water pool, adding clear water (municipal water supply) and industrial salt according to a designed mixing proportion, monitoring by a concentration meter to reach a designed concentration, simultaneously preparing a part of strong saline water in the strong saline water pool for water supplement, directly pumping the strong saline water which is processed and stored in the strong saline water pool to the salt mixing pool through a submersible pump in the next test, and simultaneously pumping the clear water from a clear water pool to the salt mixing pool through the submersible pump to prepare the standard saline water;
(2) pumping standard saline water to a forebay by adopting a submerged pump, and achieving the designed flow rate through frequency conversion control and valve adjustment;
(3) inputting a water level process line through matched computer software, automatically adjusting the opening degree of a tail gate to control a standard saline water inlet water level line, and enabling overflow water on the top of the gate to flow into a water return pool so as to control the water level in a water tank to rise and fall;
(4) opening a gate between the backwater pool and the salt blending pool, enabling backwater to enter the salt blending pool, monitoring the concentration of the backwater, supplementing the salt water through a submersible pump of a strong brine pool, supplementing clear water through a submersible pump of a clear water pool, and re-modulating to reach the standard salt water test concentration;
(5) opening a gate between the salt preparation pool and the standard brine pool, allowing the re-modulated standard brine to enter the standard brine pool, pumping to the front pool, and repeatedly circulating;
(6) in the test process, low-salinity mixed water on the surface of the front pool of the tail gate needs to be skimmed, and is skimmed to a skimmed water collecting pool through a water skimming device, and then is pumped to a mixed water storage pool through a submersible pump.
Specifically, the water tank clear water inlet process comprises the following steps:
(1) water can be taken from a clean water tank to the tail of the tank through a bidirectional axial flow pump, and the designed flow is achieved through frequency conversion control and valve adjustment; or the water is taken from the clean water tank to the tank tail through the clean water tank submersible pump, and the valve is adjusted to achieve the designed flow;
(2) the clean water tank adopts municipal water supply for the first water inlet, and the clean water separated by filtering can be directly adopted by the brine treatment equipment in the next test.
Specifically, the brine treatment process comprises:
(1) after the test is finished, pumping the salt water in the standard salt water pool, the tail gate forebay, the backwater pool, the salt preparation pool and the skimming water collecting pool to the mixed water storage pool through a submersible pump;
(2) pumping the brine in the mixed water storage pool to a brine pool to be treated by a submersible pump;
(3) the brine treatment device takes brine from a brine tank to be treated, clear water discharged after reaching the standard after filtration and separation is returned to a clear water tank, and strong brine is finally returned to a strong brine tank; the water inflow of the brine treatment device system is 5t/h, the brine treatment device is concentrated by 4-5 times, the concentrated brine after primary concentration is discharged to a mixed water storage pool or a brine pool to be treated, and the concentrated brine is repeatedly concentrated for multiple times so as to improve the concentration of the recovered concentrated brine;
(4) the water inlet flow of the submersible pump is controlled by a liquid level meter of a brine pool to be treated so as to ensure that the brine treatment device can continuously operate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following implementation effects:
(1) the estuary salt and fresh water mixing under the reciprocating tide condition is simulated by the tide control system at the two ends of the long water tank, the simulation of mixed type and highly layered type mixed type of estuary is realized, the problems in the aspects of test control, data acquisition, salt water recycling and the like are solved, and the data such as flow speed, salinity and the like obtained by the salt and fresh water mixing test can be used for basic research such as estuary salt and fresh water mixing physical mechanism and the like.
(2) The test simulation technology for the stratified flow of the salt and the fresh water under the reciprocating action of the tide is perfected, the problem that the flow velocity in the trough is low because the tide is not well simulated in the past water trough test is solved, and a new method and a new technology are provided for researching the problem of river mouth salt and fresh water mixing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water tank arrangement and test process for simulating mixing of salt and fresh water according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a simulated salt and fresh water mixing basin according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of the clean water condition of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of brine conditions according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the experiment of mixing of salt and fresh water under the condition of simulating tidal alternating current according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4: the invention is a water tank for simulating the mixing of salt and fresh water and a schematic diagram of a test process flow thereof.
The invention relates to a simulated salt and fresh water mixed water tank, which comprises: the salt preparation chamber 100 is internally provided with a salt piling region 110, a to-be-treated brine tank 120, a strong brine tank 130 and a salt and fresh water separation treatment system 140, the salt piling region 110 is used for storing industrial salt for a test and supplying salt to the strong brine tank 130 in a manual transportation mode, the to-be-treated brine tank 120 is communicated with the strong brine tank 130 and the salt and fresh water separation treatment system 140 through a conveying pipeline 300, and the salt and fresh water separation treatment system 140 is communicated with the strong brine tank 130 through the conveying pipeline 300;
the water tank 200 includes: the middle salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank 210 is provided with an integrally formed rotary section 211 at the tail end of the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank 210, the front end of the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank 210 is provided with a tail gate front pool 220, a skimming water collecting pool 230, a water return pool 240, a standard salt water pool 250 and a salt preparation pool 260 are arranged below (on the lower layer) the front end of the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank 210, a mixed water storage pool 270 is arranged below the middle part of the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank 210, tank bottom observation rooms 290 for experimenters to enter are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the mixed water storage pool 270, and a clean water pool 280 is arranged;
the tail gate front pool 220 is directly communicated with the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank 210, the tail gate front pool 220 is communicated with the water skimming collecting pool 230 through a conveying pipeline 300, the water skimming collecting pool 230 is communicated with the mixed water storage pool 270 through a conveying pipeline 300, the tail gate front pool 220 is communicated with the water return pool 240 through tail gate overflow, the water return pool 240, the salt distribution pool 260 and the standard salt water pool 250 are sequentially communicated through a conveying pipeline 300, the clean water pool 280 is communicated with the salt distribution pool 260 through a conveying pipeline 300, a bidirectional axial flow pump 10 with an electric adjusting butterfly valve 1 and an electromagnetic flow meter 2 is arranged between the clean water pool 280 and the rotary section 211 of the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank 210 and is communicated through the bidirectional axial flow pump 10; the concentrated brine tank 130 is communicated with the salt preparation tank 260 through a conveying pipeline 300, the salt and fresh water separation treatment system 140 is communicated with the clean water tank 280 through a conveying pipeline 300, and the mixed water storage tank 270 is communicated with the brine tank 120 to be treated through a conveying pipeline 300; in addition, the cleaning water tank 60, the strong brine pond 130, the standard brine pond 250, the salt preparation pond 260, the mixed water storage pond 270 and the clean water pond 280 are respectively communicated with the municipal pipe network 70 and the water meter well 80 provided with the water meter 81 through a conveying pipeline 300. The water tank test mainly researches partial mixed type and layered type salt and fresh water mixing modes, a tidal level and flow automatic control system can accurately simulate the tidal level, the rising and falling tidal flow velocity process and constant radial flow, an autonomously developed sampling system can realize synchronous, multi-section and multi-layer salt water sampling, and the membrane separation technology is applied to recycle the test mixed water to meet the environmental protection requirement; the water tank test realizes the simulation of the estuary tide level, fluctuation tide and salt and fresh water mixing process by controlling the lower boundary tide level process and the salinity and upper boundary runoff and tidal flow process through repeated debugging of the salt and fresh water mixing experiment water tank 210, and the related research results of the salt and fresh water mixing physical mechanism and the salinity diffusion transport rule can be obtained through analysis of water tank test observation data.
The repeatability test shows that the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank 210 realizes the simulation of partial mixed type and layered mixed type, ensures that the acquisition of test data can be carried out under a quasi-steady state, has accuracy and repeatability, and can be used for basic research such as a estuary salt and fresh water mixed physical mechanism.
In a further improvement, as shown in fig. 1 and 2: the delivery pipe 300 includes: a submersible pump 3, a pipeline 9 with a ball valve 4 and a glass rotameter 5, a gate 8 (a straight handle hand-push type screw hoist), a pipeline 9 with an electric adjusting butterfly valve 1, an electromagnetic flowmeter 2 and a manual ball valve 6, and a submerged pump 7.
Specifically, the test process flow comprises the following steps: a water tank saline water inlet process, a water tank clear water inlet process and a saline water treatment process.
Wherein, basin salt water intaking technology includes:
(1) the first time of preparing the saline water in the standard saline water pool 250, adding clear water (municipal water supply) and industrial salt according to the designed mixing proportion, monitoring by a concentration meter until the concentration reaches the designed concentration, preparing a part of strong saline water in the strong saline water pool 130 for water supplement, directly pumping the strong saline water which is treated and exists in the strong saline water pool 130 to the salt preparing pool 260 through the submersible pump 3 during the next test, and simultaneously pumping the clear water from the clear water pool 280 to the salt preparing pool 260 through the submersible pump 3 to prepare the standard saline water;
(2) pumping standard saline water to a tail gate forebay 220 by using a submerged pump 7, and achieving the designed flow rate through frequency conversion control and valve regulation;
(3) the water level process line is input through computer software matched with the water level process line, the opening degree of a tail gate is automatically adjusted to control a standard saline water inlet water level line, and water overflowing from the top of the gate flows into a water return pool 240, so that the water level in a water tank 210 is controlled to rise and fall;
(4) opening a gate between the water return tank 240 and the salt distribution tank 260, enabling the return water to enter the salt distribution tank 260, monitoring the concentration of the return water, supplementing the saline water by using the submersible pump 3 in the concentrated saline water tank 130, supplementing the clear water by using the submersible pump 3 in the clear water tank 280, and modulating again to reach the standard saline water test concentration;
(5) opening a gate between the salt blending pool 260 and the standard brine pool 250, allowing the re-modulated standard brine to enter the standard brine pool 250, pumping to the front pool, and repeatedly circulating;
(6) in the test process, low-salinity mixed water on the surface of the tail gate forebay 220 needs to be skimmed, and the skimmed water needs to be skimmed to the skimmed water collecting sump 230 through the skimmer, and then is pumped to the mixed water storage pool 270 through the submersible pump 3.
Wherein, the water tank clear water inlet process comprises the following steps:
(1) water can be taken from the clean water pool 280 to the tail of the tank through the bidirectional axial-flow pump 10, and the designed flow is achieved through frequency conversion control and valve adjustment; or water is taken from the clean water pool 280 to the tail of the tank through the clean water pool 280 submersible pump 3, and the valve is adjusted to achieve the designed flow;
(2) the clean water tank 280 is supplied with municipal water for the first time, and the clean water separated by filtering can be directly filtered by a brine treatment device in the next test.
Wherein the brine treatment process comprises:
(1) after the test is finished, pumping the salt water in the standard salt water pool 250, the tail gate forebay 220, the backwater pool 240 and the skimming water collecting pool 230 to a mixed water storage pool 270 through a submersible pump 3;
(2) pumping the brine in the mixed water storage pool 270 to the brine pool 120 to be treated by a submersible pump 3;
(3) the brine treatment device takes brine from the brine tank 120 to be treated, clean water discharged after reaching the standard after filtration and separation is returned to the clean water tank 280, and strong brine is finally returned to the strong brine tank 130; the water inflow of the brine treatment device system is 5t/h, the brine is concentrated by 4-5 times, the concentrated brine after primary concentration is discharged to the mixed water storage pool 270 or the brine pool 120 to be treated, and the concentrated brine is repeatedly concentrated for multiple times so as to improve the concentration of the recovered concentrated brine;
(4) the inflow of the submersible pump 3 is controlled by a level meter of the brine tank 120 to be treated, so as to ensure the continuous operation of the brine treatment device.
In addition, the salt and fresh water mixed water tank and the test process further comprise the following steps:
(1) water tank arrangement and test control technology
1) The water level is controlled and the tide level fluctuation is simulated by adopting a turning plate type tail gate: the salt water tank head is connected with a tail gate forebay 220 for simulating tide, a tail gate is arranged at the outlet of the tail gate forebay 220, the tide level is remotely and accurately controlled by combining a flap-type tail gate with a wireless measurement and control technology, the tail gate is driven by a variable frequency alternating current motor, and the variable frequency technology has the advantages of sensitive control, stable operation, low failure rate and the like, so that the absolute error between the control tide type and a given value is reduced to be within 1mm on average.
2) Skimming surface low-salinity mixed water to improve the salinity regulation and control efficiency: in the test process, the upstream fresh water is easy to mix into the downstream tail gate forebay 220, so that the salinity in the forebay is reduced, the method of monitoring the salinity in real time and keeping the salinity unchanged is difficult to implement, and the efficiency is not high. This basin adopts the water decanting device to skim the superficial low salinity mixed water of tail gate forebay 220, deposits the mixed water of skimming through skimming catch basin 230, prevents that low salinity water from a large amount of entering return water 240, also helps the body salinity of water in tail gate forebay 220 to keep invariable simultaneously, so reducible salt water regulation and control's frequency improves work efficiency.
3) By means of bidirectional axial flowThe pump 10 controls the bi-directional flow of water in the tank and simulates a reciprocating tidal current: the groove tail is connected with a bidirectional axial-flow pump 10 to control the tidal flow, the boundary tidal flow is controlled by feedback of an electromagnetic flowmeter 2 to realize complete closed-loop control, the error is small, the working performance is stable, the test repeatability is good, and the method is particularly important for the test requiring long-time uninterrupted operation; the bidirectional axial flow pump 10 controls the upstream boundary flow and combines with the lower boundary tidal level control, and the flow velocity of reciprocating tide in the tank can reach about 20 cm/s; the fresh water inlet pipeline arranged at the upstream is combined with the glass rotameter 5 to supply fresh water simulation runoff, and the runoff can reach 12m3And/h, calculating different mixing patterns which are enough to simulate the salt fresh water according to the diameter-tide ratio.
4) The size of the water tank expands the research range of the problem of mixing salt and fresh water through professional design: the length of the salt and fresh water mixing test water tank 210 needs to be larger than the salt and fresh water invasion distance, so that the downstream salt and water are not mixed into the upstream clean water tank 280, and the depth needs to meet the requirements of the change of the tide level and the full development of salt and fresh water mixing; the following dimensions and elevations are determined by combining site conditions, the total length of the saline water tank is 167.8m, the net width of the water tank is 0.5m, and the depth of the water tank is 0.5 m.
5) The combined operation of a plurality of reservoirs is an important technology for realizing the test aim: the test has the advantages of large water consumption, complex water quality and high salinity control requirement, and the saline water and the fresh water need to complete a series of processes such as blending, conveying, circulating, recovering and the like; the reservoir comprises a saline reservoir and a clean water reservoir 280, wherein the saline reservoir comprises a standard saline reservoir 250, a tail gate forebay 220, a water skimming collecting sump 230, a salt distribution sump 260, a water return sump 240, a mixed water storage pool 270, a concentrated saline reservoir 130, a to-be-treated saline reservoir 120 and the like, and the reservoirs are independent from each other and can be communicated through a submersible pump, so that the test precision and efficiency are improved.
6) An observation chamber and a gate are arranged for improving the test process: the salt water tank is provided with a tank bottom observation chamber 290 with the length of 4m at the position 50m and 106m away from the tank head (the interface with the tail gate forebay 220), the bottom of the tank is partially made of glass, and the rest of the tank bottom is made of a ceramic tile bottom plate. And one shutter is arranged at the positions 0m, 30m, 60m, 86m and 112m away from the head of the tank respectively and used for cutting off the fluid in the tank, and the shutters separate different salinity water bodies and divide the water bodies into different reservoirs during the preparation and the termination of the test so as to facilitate the brine treatment.
(2) Tidal control system and water flow energy dissipation
The salt and fresh water mixed test water tank control system is developed based on a Windows platform, has a dynamic graphical interface, and has the advantages of intuition, simplicity and convenience in operation and the like; when the system runs, the working condition and state of the instrument and equipment, the statistics and feedback of control errors, the acquisition and processing of measurement data and other control acquisition information can be directly reflected on the monitor, the integrated process of model control and data processing is realized, and visual, simple and convenient operation guide and rich and rapid processing software are provided for a tester through a friendly dynamic Chinese graphical interface.
The water tank is narrow and long, water flow oscillation in the tank is easily caused in the process of controlling tide level fluctuation and reciprocating tide, and a tracery wall can be arranged near the upper boundary for energy dissipation to weaken water flow fluctuation oscillation. The tracery wall is arranged on the concrete groove wall sections on the two sides and is built by 21 concrete bricks.
(3) Test data measurement and acquisition
Measuring instruments such as a water level meter, a current meter and the like adopted in the test realize the conversion and transmission of digital signals on the instruments; the water level gauge can be connected with a main control room computer through a wireless acquisition communication line, instructions and acquisition data can be issued, a large amount of materials such as cables can be saved, the failure rate of operation is low, and inspection and maintenance are very convenient.
Three kinds of flow velocity meters are adopted in the test, and one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional flow velocities can be measured respectively. The measurement of one-dimensional flow velocity adopts a miniature photoelectric propeller type flow velocity meter, pulse signals reflected by a propeller are amplified by a preamplifier and then transmitted to a data acquisition system, and are converted into decimal data to be displayed and stored; the three-dimensional flow velocity is measured by adopting a small Weilong II-substituted flow velocity meter, and each device can synchronously measure X, Y, Z flow velocity, and the precision reaches 0.1 cm/s; the two-dimensional flow velocity measurement adopts a Doppler flow velocity meter, and one flow velocity can be measured every second; the three-dimensional flow velocity is measured by adopting a small Weilong II flow velocity meter, each device can synchronously measure X, Y, Z flow velocity, the precision reaches 0.1cm/s, and one flow velocity can be acquired in 0.005 seconds.
And the salinity observation is carried out by matching a conductivity meter with a sampling device. The conductivity meter can be connected with a computer to measure salinity in real time, and one conductivity is read every second and automatically recorded. The saline water sampling device comprises components such as copper tubes, silicone tubes, miniature water pumps, sample bottles and the like, and can realize synchronous, multi-section and multi-layer sampling through manually controlling a main switch. The results show that the influence of the multilayer arrangement form of the seven sampling pipes on the vertical distribution of the salinity is small by comparing the independent layered sampling data of each sampling pipe with the synchronous multilayer sampling data of a plurality of sampling pipes.
Specific test instruments and materials are shown in table 1.1.
TABLE 1.1 sink operating facility
TABLE 1.2 test measurement device
TABLE 1.3 test materials
| Name (R) | Number of | Parameter(s) | Use of |
| |
5 ton of | Preparation of saline | |
| Carmine | Edible pigment | Tracer agent |
The input conditions of the test are mainly a tide process line and a flow process line, the control system can automatically control the water level and the flow according to given conditions, and the test data measurement interval is within the range of 0-140 m away from a port door (an inlet of a glass water tank section).
Sampling and salt testing: the instrument adopts a self-made sampling device and a conductivity meter; the salt measuring sections are 10m, 20m, 30m, 50m, 70m and 90 m; sampling the section by a six-point method, namely measuring salt on the surface, 0.2h, 0.4h, 0.6h and 0.8h at the bottom; taking a water sample every 1min, measuring the conductivity of all samples after the test is finished, and converting the conductivity into salinity. The conversion relation is actually measured according to various ratios of test clear water and industrial salt, and the salinity represents the gram number of dissolved substances in 1000g of solution and is a dimensionless number.
Height of brine wedge along the way: and (3) attaching a scale on the outer wall of the water tank, recording the height changes of the wedges at the positions of 10m, 30m, 50m and 70m, and manually recording data once every 30 seconds.
Shooting and recording: in the test, a high-definition camera is adopted to carry out full-period shooting and recording on the salt and fresh water mixing process at the positions of 30m and 70m, and a single-lens reflex camera is adopted to shoot the test phenomenon.
Entering a quasi-steady state required tide cycle: to ensure periodic changes in salinity and flow rate profiles, one must wait for the salt and fresh water to mix into a quasi-steady state before observing salinity and flow rate. This adopts carmine edible pigment to carry out the tracer test, explores how many tidal cycles that need pass through, and the mixture of tracer can be stabilized in a fixed interval.
(4) Input condition and experimental effect of simulated salt and fresh water mixing
1) Salinity: the test simulation needs to be carried out by combining with an actual estuary, and the salinity condition needs to be as follows: scale design of 1. Because the test water tank has the characteristics of smoothness, straightness and smoothness, and in addition, in order to research the change characteristics of the salt and fresh water interface along with the tide, the middle upper section of the north tank of the Yangtze river mouth is selected as a prototype section, and the salt and fresh water front is basically positioned in the section. According to hydrological test data, the salinity of the south harbor and the round sand section is basically below 3, and the upper section of the north trough is between 3 and 7; and the salinity of the middle and lower sections of the north trough is basically in the range of 7-12. Accordingly, the salinity initial condition of the basin test was set to about 10, and the brine was prepared based on the average salinity of the inlet of the basin.
In order to successfully simulate a highly layered mixing mode, the initial salinity can be properly increased, so that the salt and fresh water layering can be ensured to keep a stable form under the reciprocating action of the tide.
2) Tidal range: in order to research the influence of tide on the mixing of salt and fresh water, the structural conditions of a tail gate of a model are combined, the difference between two tides selected in the test is 4cm and 2cm, the tide difference corresponds to the large tide and the small tide respectively, a tide level process line adopts a sine curve, and the tide period is set to be 12 min; taking a river reach above a CSW measuring point of a north channel of a Yangtze river estuary as a prototype, and assuming that a length scale of the prototype and a model is 750, a vertical scale is 150 and a flow rate scale is 12.25; the maximum flow velocity of the north trough at the Yangtze river mouth can reach about 2.5m/s, and the maximum flow velocity in the test water trough needs to reach 20cm/s according to the calculation of a flow velocity scale; through debugging, the maximum flow velocity in the water tank can reach 20-25 cm/s in heavy tide, and the maximum flow velocity can reach 10-15 cm/s in light tide, so that the test requirement is met.
In order to truly reflect the reciprocating flow property of the tidal current and the periodic change of the water level, the test operation needs to meet the following requirements: under no runoff conditions, the net tidal volume through a section in a tidal cycle is approximately 0; the water tank is long and narrow, and the reflection of the tidal wave easily causes water flow oscillation and abnormal fluctuation of the tidal level, so that the test error caused by the water flow oscillation and the abnormal fluctuation of the tidal level needs to be eliminated.
After equipment debugging and energy dissipation measures are adopted, the actually measured tide level and flow process line of the model is well fitted with the design value, and large-range fluctuation is not generated.
3) Runoff rate: the test is a mixed type of simulating a part of mixed type and a highly layered type, and the runoff is set according to the judgment index of the salt and fresh water mixing; in order to research the influence of different runoff intensities on estuary layering and salt water invasion, a plurality of test groups with different runoff quantities need to be set.
There are many methods for determining the mixed state of the salt and the fresh water, and the method which is generally adopted is to judge according to the mixing index and the diameter-tide ratio, and the mixing index of Simmons is as follows:
the mixing index M represents the ratio of the runoff R and tidal bodies Q injected into the estuary sea area in a tidal cycle, namely when M is more than or equal to 1, the estuary is in a highly layered type, when M is about 0.1, the estuary is in a partially mixed type, and when M is in the order of magnitude of 10-2The mixture is fully mixed.
The method for judging by the diameter-tide ratio also comprises the following formula: wherein Σ Qr ═ Qr · T; qr is the average flow of runoff in the flood tide period; t is the flood tide duration; Σ Qr is the tidal volume. When n is greater than 0.7, the estuary is highly layered; when n is 0.2-0.5, the mixture is partially mixed; when n is less than 0.1, the mixture is fully mixed; the value of n at the Yangtze river mouth is about 0.18, and the Yangtze river mouth belongs to a partial mixed type; the n value of Qiantanjiang is about 0.005, and belongs to a fully mixed type.
The runoff rate is set through a method for calculating the runoff rate, the runoff rate corresponding to a river mouth salt and fresh water slow mixing state is about 0.2-0.5, the required runoff rate can be calculated by combining the rising tide volume of the water tank, and runoff is set through a flow meter at the upstream; the runoff quantity is set to be 0 (no runoff) and 3m through calculation and experimental verification3H (partial mix type), 11m3The/h (highly stratified type) can satisfy different experimental needs.
4) Water depth: the prior literature has classified highly stratified estuaries into two categories, one being saltwater wedge-type estuaries (e.g., Mississippi Estuary, Vellar Estuary) and the other being fjord-type estuaries (e.g., Silver Bay, Alberni infit); the two river mouths have the same point that obvious layering phenomenon of salt and fresh water can be formed, and the difference is the difference of the width-depth ratio of the river; the fjord river mouth is in the form of a trough, and has a large depth and a small width-depth ratio. Therefore, the research on the influence of the water depth or the width-depth ratio on the layered structure of the salt and the fresh water is of great significance. To study the effect of water depth on estuary salt and fresh water mixing, tests were performed at two average water depths of 35cm and 28cm, respectively. The average water depth refers to the average water depth of the tidal cycle, and is controlled by changing the height of the tail gate baffle.
According to the hydrodynamic force and salinity conditions, the water tank test is carried out by adopting the water tank and the test process, and the test working conditions and the flow are shown in fig. 3 and 4. The experimental simulation results show that (the flow rate and salinity distribution profile in the water tank are shown in figure 5): 1) the water flow in the water tank shows obvious tide reciprocating flow characteristics, when the water level of a front pool of a tail gate rises (flood tide), the water level in the water tank rises simultaneously, and the flow speed direction points to the tail end (upstream) from the front end (downstream) of the water tank; when the water level of the front pool of the tail door is reduced (falls into tide), the water level in the tank is simultaneously reduced, and the flow velocity direction is directed from the tail end to the front end of the water tank. 2) Under the action of tidal reciprocating flow, the mixing of the salt and the fresh water in the water tank shows obvious section characteristics, and the sufficient mixing characteristics of the salt and the fresh water are obvious in a first section (a prototype estuary is close to the open sea and the water tank is 0-15 m in length); part of mixing characteristics of a second section (the middle and the lower reaches of the prototype river mouth and the interval of 15-70 m in the water tank) are obvious and are main characteristics of a part of mixing type river mouth; in the third section (the upstream of the prototype estuary and the interval of 70-120 m in the water tank), the layered form of the salt and the fresh water is mainly characterized by high layering. The distribution range of the three sections is changed with the fluctuation tide, but is consistent in sequence. From the experimental effect, the water tank and the experimental process can realize the simulation of the salt and fresh water part mixed type and the highly layered mixed type under the action of the river mouth tide reciprocating flow by changing the input conditions of the tidal range, the tide level process line, the runoff, the water depth and the like.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the invention with reference to specific embodiments, and the practice of the invention is not to be construed as limited thereto. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a basin that simulation salt fresh water mixes which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the salt preparing chamber (100) and the water tank (200) are matched for use, a salt piling region (110), a brine pool (120) to be treated, a strong brine pool (130) and a salt and fresh water separating and treating system (140) are arranged in the salt preparing chamber (100), the salt piling region (110) is used for storing industrial salt for tests and supplying salt to the strong brine pool (130) in a manual transportation mode, the brine pool (120) to be treated is communicated with the strong brine pool (130) and the salt and fresh water separating and treating system (140) through a conveying pipeline (300), and the salt and fresh water separating and treating system (140) is communicated with the strong brine pool (130) through the conveying pipeline (300);
the sink (200) comprises: the salt and fresh water mixed experiment water tank (210) is positioned in the middle, the tail end of the salt and fresh water mixed experiment water tank (210) is provided with an integrally formed rotary section (211), the front end of the salt and fresh water mixed experiment water tank (210) is provided with a tail gate front pool (220), a water skimming collecting pool (230), a water returning pool (240), a standard salt water pool (250) and a salt preparation pool (260) are arranged below the front end of the salt and fresh water mixed experiment water tank (210), a mixed water storage pool (270) is arranged below the middle part of the salt and fresh water mixed experiment water tank (210), and a clean water pool (280) is arranged below the tail end of the salt and fresh;
the tail gate forebay (220) is directly communicated with the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank (210), the tail gate forebay (220) is communicated with the water skimming and collecting tank (230) through a conveying pipeline (300), the skimming collecting tank (230) is communicated with the mixed water storage tank (270) through a conveying pipeline (300), the tail gate front pool (220) is communicated with the water return pool (240) through tail gate overflow, the water return tank (240), the salt blending tank (260) and the standard brine tank (250) are communicated in sequence through a conveying pipeline (300), the clean water tank (280) is communicated with the salt blending tank (260) through a conveying pipeline (300), a bidirectional axial flow pump (10) with an electric adjusting butterfly valve (1) and an electromagnetic flowmeter (2) is arranged between the clean water tank (280) and the rotation section (211) of the salt and fresh water mixed experimental water tank (210) and is communicated with the two-way axial flow pump (10);
the concentrated brine tank (130) is communicated with the salt preparation tank (260) through a conveying pipeline (300), the salt and fresh water separation treatment system (140) is communicated with the clean water tank (280) through a conveying pipeline (300), and the mixed water storage tank (270) is communicated with the brine tank (120) to be treated through a conveying pipeline (300);
the simulated salt and fresh water mixed water tank also comprises a control box (20), two groups of pretreatment devices (30), an ultrafiltration water tank (40), two groups of dosing devices (50) and a cleaning water tank (60) which are matched for use;
the cleaning water tank (60), the concentrated brine tank (130), the standard brine tank (250), the salt preparation tank (260), the mixed water storage tank (270) and the clean water tank (280) are respectively communicated with a municipal pipe network (70) and a water meter well (80) provided with a water meter (81) through the conveying pipeline (300);
the left side and the right side of the mixed water storage pool (270) are respectively provided with a tank bottom observation chamber (290) for laboratory personnel to enter;
the delivery duct (300) comprises: the device comprises a submersible pump (3), a pipeline (9) with a ball valve (4) and a glass rotameter (5), a gate (8), a pipeline (9) with an electric adjusting butterfly valve (1), an electromagnetic flowmeter (2) and a manual ball valve (6), and a submerged pump (7).
2. The simulated salt and fresh water mixed water tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the test process flow based on the water tank comprises the following steps: a water tank saline water inlet process, a water tank clear water inlet process and a saline water treatment process.
3. The simulated salt and fresh water mixed water tank as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the water tank brine water inlet process comprises the following steps:
(1) the first time of preparing the brine in a standard brine tank, adding clean water and industrial salt according to a designed mixing proportion, monitoring by a concentration meter until the concentration reaches a designed concentration, and simultaneously preparing a part of strong brine in a strong brine tank for water supplement, wherein the strong brine in the strong brine tank after treatment can be directly pumped to a salt preparation tank through a submersible pump in the next test, and meanwhile, clean water is pumped from a clean water tank to the salt preparation tank through the submersible pump to prepare the standard brine;
(2) pumping standard saline water to a forebay by adopting a submerged pump, and achieving the designed flow rate through frequency conversion control and valve adjustment;
(3) the water level process line is input through computer software matched with the water level process line, the opening degree of a tail gate is automatically adjusted to control a standard saline water inlet water level line, and water overflowing from the top of the gate flows into a water return pool, so that the water level in a water tank is controlled to rise and fall;
(4) opening a gate between the backwater pool and the salt blending pool, enabling backwater to enter the salt blending pool, monitoring the concentration of the backwater, supplementing the salt water through a submersible pump of a strong brine pool, supplementing clear water through a submersible pump of a clear water pool, and re-modulating to reach the standard salt water test concentration;
(5) opening a gate between the salt preparation pool and the standard brine pool, allowing the re-modulated standard brine to enter the standard brine pool, pumping to the front pool, and repeatedly circulating;
(6) in the test process, low-salinity mixed water on the surface layer of the front pool of the tail gate needs to be skimmed off, the mixed water needs to be skimmed off to a skimming water collecting pool through a skimming device, and then the skimming water is pumped to a mixed water storage pool through a submersible pump.
4. The simulated salt and fresh water mixed water tank as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the water tank clear water inlet process comprises the following steps:
(1) water can be taken from a clean water tank to the tail of the tank through a bidirectional axial flow pump, and the designed flow is achieved through frequency conversion control and valve adjustment; or the water is taken from the clean water tank to the tank tail through the clean water tank submersible pump, and the valve is adjusted to achieve the designed flow;
(2) the clean water tank adopts municipal water supply for the first water inlet, and the clean water separated by filtering can be directly adopted by the brine treatment equipment in the next test.
5. The simulated salt and fresh water mixed water tank as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the brine treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) after the test is finished, pumping the salt water in the standard salt water pool, the tail gate forebay, the backwater pool and the skimming water collecting pool to a mixed water storage pool through a submersible pump;
(2) pumping the brine in the mixed water storage pool to a brine pool to be treated by a submersible pump;
(3) the brine treatment device takes brine from a brine tank to be treated, clear water discharged after reaching the standard after filtration and separation is returned to a clear water tank, and strong brine is finally returned to a strong brine tank; the water inflow of the brine treatment device system is 5t/h, the brine treatment device is concentrated by 4-5 times, the concentrated brine after primary concentration is discharged to a mixed water storage pool or a brine pool to be treated, and the concentrated brine is repeatedly concentrated for multiple times so as to improve the concentration of the recovered concentrated brine;
(4) the water inlet flow of the submersible pump is controlled by a liquid level meter of a brine pool to be treated so as to ensure that the brine treatment device can continuously operate.
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