CN113801902A - 一种菌红素的提取方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于生物化学技术领域,具体涉及一种菌红素及其提取方法,菌红素为多羟基C50非环状类胡萝卜素,对羟自由基的清除能力是半胱氨酸和β‑类胡萝卜素的两倍多,菌红素结构中含有多个共轭双键,可成为优秀抗氧化剂的来源;当嗜盐古菌暴露在很强的日照下,菌体内会生成大量菌红素以保护菌体DNA免受到伤害。当菌体周围环境中盐分快速降低至15%时,细胞内也会生成大量菌红素以稳固细胞膜。从天然果蔬中提取类胡萝卜素存在成本高、工艺复杂及着色能力差等不足之处,而从微生物中提取有成本低、工艺简单、质量稳定等优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物化学技术领域,具体涉及一种菌红素的提取方法。
背景技术
类胡萝卜素在自然界广泛存在,1831年,Wachenroder从胡萝卜根中结晶分离出碳水化合物类的色素,并以“胡萝卜素”命名;之后,BerzelfuS从秋天的叶片中分离提取出黄色的极性色素,并命名为“叶黄素”,随着生物物理技术的发展,人们通过色谱分析的方法分离出一系列的天然色素,并命名为“类胡萝卜素”。类胡萝卜素是生物体必不可少的组成成分,仅植物和微生物可自行合成,己明确结构的类胡萝卜素有700余种,其中大部分己知的类胡萝卜素是由8个类异戊二烯组成,碳原子数40的四萜(Tetraterpenes)占多数,但也有碳原子数少于40的类胡萝卜素以及近期在古细菌中发现的碳原子数大于40的类胡萝卜素。除了少数类胡萝卜素以游离态的形式呈现,大部分通常与糖呈结合态的形式,在动物体内通常与蛋白质结合形成类胡萝卜素蛋白。
菌红素首度从Halobacterium halobium细胞内分离出来,并鉴定出其结构为多羟基C50非环状类胡萝卜素。菌红素对羟自由基的清除能力是半胱氨酸和β-类胡萝卜素的两倍多。菌红素结构中含有多个共轭双键,可成为优秀抗氧化剂的来源。
嗜盐古菌产生的菌红素具有较高的研究价值。目前相当大部分类胡萝卜素是通过化学方法合成的,如β-类胡萝卜素、斑螯黄素和虾青素等。由于化学合成的类胡萝卜素成分单一,没有特定比例的异构体存在,不具备天然类胡萝卜素所具有的生理功能,不能满足人们的需要。因此,生产天然类胡萝卜素尤其是利用微生物生产类胡萝卜素成为研究的热点。而目前国内有关研究主要关注于菌红素种类的鉴定以及菌体培养条件的优化,对菌红素提取条件的相关报道较少。菌红素的研究将为微生物菌红素应用于医药和食品工业提供必要的依据。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明目的在于提供了一种菌红素的的提取方法,该发明从微生物中提取菌红素,解决了从天然果蔬中提取类胡萝卜素存在成本高、工艺复杂及着色能力差的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明是通过如下方案实现的:
一种菌红素的提取方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将盐湖嗜盐古菌接入GH培养基,培养至菌液呈红色;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的菌液离心,离心完毕后弃上清液,得红色嗜盐菌细胞;
(3)在步骤(2)制备的红色嗜盐菌细胞中加入丙酮和甲醇的混合液,震荡至菌体成白色,离心,离心完毕后弃底部白色沉淀,得上层红色透明液;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的红色透明液干燥、烘干即得所述菌红素。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中GH培养基的配方为:氯化钾2.0g/L,氯化钠250g/L,无水硫酸镁9.78g/L,蛋白胨5.0g/L,柠檬酸钠3.0g/L,酵母浸出粉10g/L,酸水解酪蛋白5.0g/L,pH7.5-8;
优选的,所述步骤(1)中菌株培养的具体方法为:将盐湖嗜盐古菌接入GH培养基,接种后在37℃,170rpm的摇床培养7天;
优选的,所述步骤(2)中离心的速度为9000rpm,离心的时间为10min;
优选的,所述步骤(3)中每克菌体中加入2mL混合液,混合液中丙酮与甲醇的体积比为1:3-5;
优选的,所述步骤(3)中震荡的速度为170rpm,离心的速度为9000rpm,离心的时间为10min;
优选的,所述步骤(4)在30℃恒温下干燥烘干。
与现有技术相比,本发明方法的有益效果是:
本发明当嗜盐古菌暴露在很强的日照下,菌体内会生成大量菌红素以保护菌体DNA免受到伤害。当菌体周围环境中盐分快速降低至15%时,细胞内也会生成大量菌红素以稳固细胞膜。从天然果蔬中提取类胡萝卜素存在成本高、工艺复杂及着色能力差等不足之处,而从微生物中提取有成本低、工艺简单、质量稳定等优势。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种菌红素的提取方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将盐湖嗜盐古菌接入GH培养基,接种后在37℃,170rpm的摇床培养7天,培养至菌液呈红色;
GH培养基的配方为:氯化钾2.0g/L,氯化钠250g/L,无水硫酸镁9.78g/L,蛋白胨5.0g/L,柠檬酸钠3.0g/L,酵母浸出粉10g/L,酸水解酪蛋白5.0g/L,pH为7.5;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的菌液在9000rpm下离心10min,离心完毕后弃上清液,得红色嗜盐菌细胞;
(3)在1g步骤(2)制备的红色嗜盐菌细胞中加入2mL甲醇和丙酮的混合液(其中甲醇和丙酮的体积比为1:3),先在170rpm下震荡至菌体成白色,然后在9000rpm下离心10min,离心完毕后弃底部白色沉淀,得上层红色透明液;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的红色透明液在30℃恒温下干燥、烘干即得所述菌红素。
实施例2
一种菌红素的提取方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将盐湖嗜盐古菌接入GH培养基,接种后在37℃,170rpm的摇床培养7天,培养至菌液呈红色;
GH培养基的配方为:氯化钾2.0g/L,氯化钠250g/L,无水硫酸镁9.78g/L,蛋白胨5.0g/L,柠檬酸钠3.0g/L,酵母浸出粉10g/L,酸水解酪蛋白5.0g/L,pH为8;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的菌液在9000rpm下离心10min,离心完毕后弃上清液,得红色嗜盐菌细胞;
(3)在1g步骤(2)制备的红色嗜盐菌细胞中加入2mL甲醇和丙酮的混合液(其中甲醇和丙酮的体积比为1:4),先在170rpm下震荡至菌体成白色,然后在9000rpm下离心10min,离心完毕后弃底部白色沉淀,得上层红色透明液;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的红色透明液在30℃恒温下干燥、烘干即得所述菌红素。
实施例3
一种菌红素的提取方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将盐湖嗜盐古菌接入GH培养基,接种后在37℃,170rpm的摇床培养7天,培养至菌液呈红色;
GH培养基的配方为:氯化钾2.0g/L,氯化钠250g/L,无水硫酸镁9.78g/L,蛋白胨5.0g/L,柠檬酸钠3.0g/L,酵母浸出粉10g/L,酸水解酪蛋白5.0g/L,pH为8;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的菌液在9000rpm下离心10min,离心完毕后弃上清液,得红色嗜盐菌细胞;
(3)在1g步骤(2)制备的红色嗜盐菌细胞中加入2mL甲醇和丙酮的混合液(其中甲醇和丙酮的体积比为1:5),先在170rpm下震荡至菌体成白色,然后在9000rpm下离心10min,离心完毕后弃底部白色沉淀,得上层红色透明液;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的红色透明液在30℃恒温下干燥、烘干即得所述菌红素。
将实施例1-3提取液进行吸光度及菌体颜色进行对比,具体如下:
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
吸光度 | 0.374 | 0.354 | 0.352 |
菌体颜色 | 白 | 白 | 白 |
结果表明:实施例3的上清液颜色最深,但吸光度表明实施例2、实施例1和实施例3提取液基本一致。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (7)
1.一种菌红素的提取方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将盐湖嗜盐古菌接入GH培养基,培养至菌液呈红色;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的菌液离心,离心完毕后弃上清液,得红色嗜盐菌细胞;
(3)在步骤(2)制备的红色嗜盐菌细胞中加入丙酮和甲醇的混合液,震荡至菌体成白色,离心,离心完毕后弃底部白色沉淀,得上层红色透明液;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的红色透明液干燥、烘干即得所述菌红素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种菌红素的提取方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中GH培养基的配方为:氯化钾2.0g/L,氯化钠250g/L,无水硫酸镁9.78g/L,蛋白胨5.0g/L,柠檬酸钠3.0g/L,酵母浸出粉10g/L,酸水解酪蛋白5.0g/L,pH 7.5-8。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种菌红素的提取方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中菌株培养的具体方法为:将盐湖嗜盐古菌接入GH培养基,接种后在37℃,170rpm的摇床培养7天。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种菌红素的提取方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中离心的速度为9000rpm,离心的时间为10min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种菌红素的提取方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中每克菌体中加入2mL混合液,混合液中丙酮与甲醇的体积比为1:3-5。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种菌红素的提取方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中震荡的速度为170rpm,离心的速度为9000rpm,离心的时间为10min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种菌红素的提取方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)在30℃恒温下干燥烘干。
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