CN113799654B - Balanced charging method for power battery of electric automobile - Google Patents
Balanced charging method for power battery of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN113799654B CN113799654B CN202111095972.XA CN202111095972A CN113799654B CN 113799654 B CN113799654 B CN 113799654B CN 202111095972 A CN202111095972 A CN 202111095972A CN 113799654 B CN113799654 B CN 113799654B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims description 75
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a power battery equalizing charge method of an electric automobile, which is characterized in that a charge power supply is connected with the positive and negative poles of n battery equalizing units connected in series to charge the n battery equalizing units connected in series, each battery equalizing unit has the same structure and comprises a battery unit Bi, a first equalizing switch S1 and a second equalizing switch S2, and the battery unit Bi is connected in parallel with the equalizing switch S2 after being connected in series with the first equalizing switch S1; the equalizing charge method comprises a constant-current charge stage, a constant-voltage charge stage and an equalizing charge stage. The invention does not need a plurality of electric energy conversion devices, which are correspondingly connected with the single battery in parallel, saves the quantity of the electric energy conversion devices, does not need a plurality of wires to connect the single electric energy conversion device with a plurality of battery single bodies, greatly reduces the total length of the wires, has simple circuit structure and is easy to realize balance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electric automobiles, relates to a power battery equalization technology, and in particular relates to a power battery equalization charging method of an electric automobile.
Background
With the popularization of electric automobiles, the use of power batteries is increasing. The single battery is difficult to meet the requirements of the electric automobile, so that a plurality of single batteries are generally connected in series to form a battery pack or a battery pack in the prior art, the overall capacity of the battery is increased, and the endurance mileage of the electric automobile is improved. Because the single battery performance in the battery pack is difficult to be consistent, the battery discreteness can seriously influence the cycle service life of the battery after large-scale grouping application, and the cycle service life of the battery can be improved through effective balanced management.
In the prior art, the battery equalization technology is generally divided into two types, namely passive equalization and active equalization.
The passive equalization is to connect the switch and the discharging resistor in parallel at two ends of the battery cell, and the equalization is realized by consuming the electric quantity of the high-voltage battery in a heat energy mode. However, the balancing method has necessary unsafe factors, is unfavorable for energy conservation and environmental protection, and is not suitable for high-power battery packs.
The active equalization is to send some electric quantity of the high-voltage battery back to the battery circuit through the electric energy conversion equipment or directly send the electric quantity to the low-voltage battery, the energy storage element used is mainly a capacitor or an inductor, and the voltage equalization of the battery cells in the battery pack is completed through repeated charge and discharge of the capacitor or the inductor. Although the balancing mode improves the utilization rate of electric energy, the balancing mode still causes electric energy consumption in the balancing electric energy conversion process, and the balancing mode needs a plurality of electric energy conversion devices to be connected with single batteries in parallel, or adopts a switch matrix mode to enable a single electric energy conversion device to be connected with a plurality of single batteries, so that a plurality of wires are needed to connect the single electric energy conversion device with the plurality of single batteries, the hardware cost is too high, and because each single battery needs to be charged and discharged in sequence in the balancing process, the time consumed in the whole balancing process is also very high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a power battery equalizing charge method of an electric automobile, which can reduce the use of electric energy conversion equipment and wires.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the equalizing charge method of the power battery of the electric automobile, connect the charging source with positive and negative poles of n battery equalization units connected in series, charge n battery equalization units connected in series, each battery equalization unit structure is the same, include a battery monomer Bi, first equalization switch S1 and second equalization switch S2, battery monomer Bi and first equalization switch S1 connect in series, connect in parallel with equalization switch S2 again;
the equalizing charge method comprises the following steps:
step 1, in a constant-current charging stage, a first equalization switch S1 in n battery equalization units is closed, a second equalization switch S2 is opened, and charging current of a charging power supply is I1;
detecting the voltages of n battery cells, and stopping constant-current charging and switching to constant-voltage charging if a certain battery cell voltage Ui > Uref exists, wherein Uref is the charging limiting voltage of the battery cells;
step 2, in the constant voltage charging stage, the charging power supply uses the voltage of nUref as a battery to perform constant voltage charging, detects the charging current of the battery cell Bi, stops the constant voltage charging if the charging current I is less than Iref1, and shifts to equalizing charging;
and 3, in the equalizing charge stage, independently performing constant voltage charge on a certain battery cell Bi, wherein at the moment, a first equalizing switch S1 in a battery equalizing unit of the battery cell Bi is closed, a second equalizing switch S2 is opened, a first equalizing switch S1 in other battery equalizing units is opened, and a second equalizing switch S2 in other battery equalizing units is closed, wherein the charging voltage of a power supply is Uref, when the charging current I < Iref2 is detected, the independent charge of the battery is stopped, and the independent charge of other battery cells is performed until all n battery cells Bi are completely independently charged.
The charging current I1 is a rated charging current of the battery cell.
Further, the first equalization switch S1 is replaced with a diode D.
Furthermore, the equalization charge phase only performs individual constant voltage charge on the battery cells Bi that do not satisfy I < Iref2.
In addition, in the equalizing charge stage, the charging power supply detects the charging current of the battery cell Bi solely by the charging voltage of Uref, if the charging current I of the battery cell Bi is greater than Iref2, the battery cell is marked as the battery cell requiring equalizing charge, otherwise, the battery cell is marked as the battery cell not requiring equalizing charge, the charging current detection of the remaining battery cells is performed until the marking of all the battery cells Bi detected in the round is completed, the first equalizing switch S1 and the second equalizing switch S2 of the battery cell not requiring equalizing charge are opened, the first equalizing switch S1 and the second equalizing switch S2 of the battery cell not requiring equalizing charge are closed, the power supply is opened, and the constant-voltage charge is performed.
In addition, the number of the battery cells needing to be balanced charged is detected as m in the first round of detection in the balanced charging stage, the number of the battery cells not needing to be balanced charged is detected as n-m, and the charging power supply carries out constant voltage charging at the voltage of mUref.
And, only the kth detection mark is detected as the battery cell needing equalizing charge in the k+1th round of detection in the equalizing charge stage.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the invention adopts the equalization unit structure that the battery monomer Bi is connected with the first equalization switch S1 in series and then connected with the equalization switch S2 in parallel, so that a plurality of electric energy conversion devices are not needed, the battery monomer Bi is correspondingly connected with the single battery in parallel, the number of the electric energy conversion devices is saved, a plurality of wires are also not needed to connect the single electric energy conversion device with the plurality of battery monomers, the total use length of the wires is greatly reduced, the circuit structure is simple, and the equalization is easy to realize.
2. According to the invention, through setting the current threshold, the charging time is reduced.
3. According to the invention, the first equalization switch S1 is replaced by the diode D, so that the use of a control device can be further reduced, the cost is reduced, and the complexity of control is reduced.
4. The invention adopts the equalizing charge method that the detection mark is firstly detected and then a plurality of batteries are charged simultaneously, and compared with the direct independent charge, the invention greatly improves the charge rate and reduces the charge time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a series connection of a plurality of battery equalization units.
Fig. 2 is a circuit connection diagram of a single battery equalization unit.
Fig. 3 is a circuit connection diagram of a single battery equalization unit (the first equalization switch S1 is replaced with a diode D).
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
The power battery equalizing charge method of the electric automobile comprises a charge power supply and n battery equalizing units connected in series, wherein the charge power supply is connected with the positive and negative poles of the n battery equalizing units connected in series and is used for charging the n battery equalizing units connected in series, each battery equalizing unit has the same structure and comprises a battery unit Bi, a first equalizing switch S1 and a second equalizing switch S2, and the battery unit Bi is connected in parallel with the equalizing switch S2 after being connected in series with the first equalizing switch S1.
The equalizing charge method comprises the following steps:
step 1, in a constant-current charging stage, a first equalization switch S1 in n battery equalization units is closed, a second equalization switch S2 is opened, and the charging current of a charging power supply is I1, wherein the charging current I1 is the rated charging current of a battery cell;
detecting the voltages of n battery cells, stopping constant-current charging and transferring to constant-voltage charging if the battery cell voltage Ui is greater than Uref, wherein Uref is the charging limiting voltage of the battery cells;
step 2, in the constant voltage charging stage, the charging power supply uses the voltage of nUref as the power battery to perform constant voltage charging, the charging current of the battery is detected, if the charging current I is less than Iref1, the constant voltage charging is stopped, and the balanced charging is switched to; iref is the charge off current.
Since the cells of the present application are connected in series, after the constant voltage phase is finished, although the charging current I of the series battery is less than Iref1, some of the cells are actually less than Iref1 due to the imbalance of the individual cells, but some of the cells are still more than Iref1, but the overall is represented as the charging current I < Iref1 due to the series connection, so the following equalization charge phase is performed in order to achieve equalization of the cells.
Step 3, in the equalizing charge stage, charging a certain battery monomer Bi independently, at this time, a first equalizing switch S1 in a battery equalizing unit of the battery monomer Bi is closed, a second equalizing switch S2 in the battery equalizing unit is opened, a first equalizing switch S1 in the other battery equalizing units is opened, a second equalizing switch S2 in the other battery equalizing units is closed, wherein the charging voltage of a power supply is Uref, when charging current I < Iref2 is detected, the independent charging of the battery is stopped, the equalizing operation is repeated, and independent charging of the other battery monomers is executed until all n battery monomers are charged independently;
and (5) after the charging is finished, the charging power supply is disconnected.
Because the equalization unit structure that the battery monomer Bi is connected with the first equalization switch S1 in series and then connected with the equalization switch S2 in parallel is adopted, a plurality of electric energy conversion devices are not needed, the battery monomer Bi is correspondingly connected with the single battery in parallel, the number of the electric energy conversion devices is saved, a plurality of wires are not needed to connect the single electric energy conversion device with the plurality of battery monomers, the total use length of the wires is greatly reduced, the circuit structure is simple, and the equalization is easy to realize.
Preferably, iref1=iref2.
From the above analysis, at the end of the constant voltage phase, the cells remain in an unbalanced state, and then enter an equalizing charge phase, and each cell is charged at constant voltage individually until full. Although each cell is individually subjected to constant voltage charging in the equalization charging stage, since the constant voltage charging stage has been experienced, the charging current of a part of the cells has already satisfied I < Iref1, so in practice, only the cell whose part of the charging current does not satisfy I < Iref1 is subjected to individual constant voltage charging, and the cell whose charging current I < Iref1 satisfies skips after detection, and consumes little time. Compared with the Iref1=Iref2, the Iref1> Iref2 can improve the quantity of the battery cells meeting the charging current I < Iref2 after the constant voltage charging is finished, thereby reducing the battery cells which are actually required to be subjected to constant voltage charging in the equalizing charge stage and reducing the charging time.
Preferably, the first equalization switch S1 may be replaced by a diode D, which is turned on in the same direction as the charging current. The switch devices, such as MOS transistors and IGBTs, are known to those skilled in the art, and compared with diodes, the cost is higher, and the use of the control device can be further reduced by replacing the first equalization switch S1 with the diode D, so that the cost is reduced, and in the constant-current charging stage, the constant-voltage charging stage and the equalization charging stage, only the second equalization switch S2 needs to be controlled, so that the complexity of the control is reduced.
Preferably, in order to increase the charge rate, in the charge balancing stage, the power supply detects the charge current of the battery cells Bi with the charge voltage of Uref, at this time, the first equalization switch S1 in the battery equalization unit I is closed, the second equalization switch S2 is opened, the first equalization switch S1 in the remaining battery equalization units is opened, the second equalization switch S2 is closed, if the charge current I of the battery cells > Iref2, the battery cells that need to be charged uniformly are marked, otherwise, the battery cells that do not need to be charged uniformly are marked, the charge current detection of the remaining battery cells is performed until the marking of all the battery cells detected in the round is completed, the first equalization switch S1 and the second equalization switch S2 of the battery equalization unit of the battery cells that do not need to be charged uniformly are closed, the first equalization switch S1 and the second equalization switch S2 of the battery cells that need to be charged uniformly are opened, and when the charge current I < ef2 is detected, the above equalization operation is repeated until the charge current I < Iref2 of each battery cell is detected.
The battery monomer is detected and marked in the equalizing charge stage, the battery monomer which can be required to be equalizing charged is screened out, and then the plurality of batteries are simultaneously equalizing charged.
Preferably, the number of the battery cells needing to be balanced charged is m, the number of the battery cells not needing to be balanced charged is n-m, and the power supply carries out constant voltage charging at the voltage of mUref when the first round of detection in the balanced charging stage is detected.
Preferably, only the battery cell marked as the battery cell requiring equalizing charge detected by the kth detection is detected in the k+1th round of detection in the equalizing charge stage, so that the number of the battery cells requiring detection and marking is reduced, and the detection efficiency is improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A power battery equalizing charge method of an electric automobile is characterized in that: the charging power supply is connected with the positive and negative poles of n battery equalization units connected in series to charge the n battery equalization units connected in series, and each battery equalization unit has the same structure and comprises a battery unit Bi, a first equalization switch S1 and a second equalization switch S2, wherein the battery unit Bi is connected with the first equalization switch S1 in series and then connected with the equalization switch S2 in parallel;
the equalizing charge method comprises the following steps:
step 1, in a constant-current charging stage, a first equalization switch S1 in n battery equalization units is closed, a second equalization switch S2 is opened, and charging current of a charging power supply is I1;
detecting the voltages of n battery cells, and stopping constant-current charging and switching to constant-voltage charging if a certain battery cell voltage Ui > Uref exists, wherein Uref is the charging limiting voltage of the battery cells;
step 2, in the constant voltage charging stage, the charging power supply uses the voltage of nUref as a battery to perform constant voltage charging, detects the charging current of the battery cell Bi, stops the constant voltage charging if the charging current I is less than Iref1, and shifts to equalizing charging;
step 3, in the equalizing charge stage, constant voltage charge is independently carried out on a certain battery cell Bi, at the moment, a first equalizing switch S1 in a battery equalizing unit of the battery cell Bi is closed, a second equalizing switch S2 is opened, a first equalizing switch S1 in other battery equalizing units is opened, a second equalizing switch S2 in other battery equalizing units is closed, wherein the charging voltage of a power supply is Uref, when charging current I < Iref2 is detected, the independent charge of the battery is stopped, and the independent charge of other battery cells is executed until all n battery cells Bi are completely independently charged; the Iref1> Iref2 is used for improving the quantity of the battery cells which meet the charging current I < Iref2 after the constant voltage charging is finished, so that the battery cells which are actually required to be subjected to constant voltage charging in the equalizing charging stage are reduced, and the charging time is shortened.
2. The method for equalizing charge of a power battery of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the charging current I1 is the rated charging current of the battery cell.
3. The method for equalizing charge of a power battery of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the first equalization switch S1 is replaced by a diode D.
4. The method for equalizing charge of a power battery of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the equalization charge phase only performs individual constant voltage charge on the battery cells Bi that do not satisfy I < Iref2.
5. The method for equalizing charge of a power battery of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: in the equalizing charge stage, the charging power supply detects the charging current of the battery cell Bi solely by the charging voltage of Uref, if the charging current I of the battery cell Bi is greater than Iref2, the battery cell is marked as the battery cell which needs equalizing charge, otherwise, the battery cell which does not need equalizing charge is marked, the charging current detection of the rest battery cells is executed until the marking of all the battery cells Bi detected in the round is completed, the first equalizing switch S1 and the second equalizing switch S2 of the battery equalizing unit of the battery cell Bi which does not need equalizing charge are opened, the first equalizing switch S1 and the second equalizing switch S2 of the battery equalizing unit of the battery cell which needs equalizing charge are opened, the power supply performs constant-voltage charging, and when the charging current I < Iref2 is detected, the equalizing operation is repeated until the charging current I < Iref2 of each battery cell.
6. The method for equalizing charge of a power battery of an electric vehicle according to claim 5, wherein: the number of the battery cells needing to be balanced charged is detected to be m in the first round of detection in the balanced charging stage, the number of the battery cells not needing to be balanced charged is detected to be n-m, and the charging power supply carries out constant voltage charging at the voltage of mUref.
7. The method for equalizing charge of a power battery of an electric vehicle according to claim 5, wherein: and in the k+1th round of detection in the equalizing charge stage, only detecting the battery cell marked as the battery cell requiring equalizing charge in the k detection.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111095972.XA CN113799654B (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Balanced charging method for power battery of electric automobile |
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| CN202111095972.XA CN113799654B (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Balanced charging method for power battery of electric automobile |
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| CN113799654B true CN113799654B (en) | 2024-01-12 |
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| CN104734260A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Power battery equalizing charge method and system |
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| KR102120797B1 (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-09 | (주)그린파워 | Battery charging-discharging apparatus and method |
| CN112550073A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-26 | 嘉兴东大智宇科技有限公司 | Power battery active equalization system for electric forklift |
| CN113306450A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-27 | 深圳市瑞能实业股份有限公司 | Series formation constant-voltage charging circuit |
-
2021
- 2021-09-17 CN CN202111095972.XA patent/CN113799654B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
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| CN104734260A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Power battery equalizing charge method and system |
| CN109713744A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-05-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of serial lithium battery group equilibrium fault tolerable circuit structure and balanced fault-tolerance approach |
| CN110518657A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-29 | 北京长城华冠汽车科技股份有限公司 | For the circuit of power battery equilibrium, method and controller |
| KR102120797B1 (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-09 | (주)그린파워 | Battery charging-discharging apparatus and method |
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| CN113306450A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-27 | 深圳市瑞能实业股份有限公司 | Series formation constant-voltage charging circuit |
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