CN108667104B - Alternating current-direct current charging and active equalization circuit of lithium battery pack - Google Patents
Alternating current-direct current charging and active equalization circuit of lithium battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN108667104B CN108667104B CN201810629190.1A CN201810629190A CN108667104B CN 108667104 B CN108667104 B CN 108667104B CN 201810629190 A CN201810629190 A CN 201810629190A CN 108667104 B CN108667104 B CN 108667104B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
Abstract
The alternating current-direct current charging and active equalization circuit of the lithium battery pack comprises a battery unit, an equalization circuit and a control circuit which are cascaded; the cascading battery unit is divided into A, B, C three bridge arms, each bridge arm is provided with 2 (m+1) batteries, two inductance elements are connected in the middle of each bridge arm, and the connection nodes of any two inductance elements of any one of the A, B, C bridge arms are respectively connected with three phases of an alternating current power supply; the equalization circuit comprises a full-bridge module, and the full-bridge module is connected with the battery; the left side of the cascaded battery unit is connected with a large capacitor C and a direct current power supply U dc The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The control circuit is connected with the cascaded battery units. By adopting the invention, the battery can be connected with an alternating current power grid or a direct current power grid at will, and the battery can be charged after being rectified by the full-bridge control circuit when being connected with the alternating current power grid. The electric quantity of the battery pack can be balanced in the charging process, the standing process and the using process. The service life of the battery pack is effectively prolonged, and the use safety is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery pack double-end charging and balancing, in particular to a lithium battery pack alternating-current/direct-current charging and active balancing circuit.
Background
The development of battery technology makes the battery technology rapidly applied to various fields, wherein the power lithium ion battery has important engineering application value for the development of propulsion of new energy automobiles, new energy power generation and the like, but is limited by the voltage and capacity characteristics of single lithium ion batteries, and a plurality of single batteries are usually required to be connected in series and parallel to form a power battery pack. The chemical characteristics of each battery inevitably have differences, and the differences of the batteries are gradually increased due to the influence of factors such as aging, temperature, current and the like, so that the residual capacity of certain battery monomers is higher and the residual capacity of certain battery monomers is lower, and the capacity of the battery pack and the safety of the battery are seriously influenced. The students at home and abroad put forward their own solutions, for example, put forward a shunt method of parallel resistors for the situation of higher residual capacity of individual battery cells, and the batteries with higher residual capacity consume energy through resistors by controlling devices such as MOSFET, IGBT, etc., which causes energy waste, and increases the load of a battery thermal management system due to temperature rise caused by resistance heating. There are also researchers that have proposed equalization circuits such as an equalization method based on a boost-buck circuit and an equalization method using a transformer, and these circuits use a large number of elements such as a transformer and an inductor, which increases the volume, cost and complexity of control of the equalization circuit.
The current lithium ion battery pack equalization method mainly includes voltage-based equalization methods, for example: the energy transfer method mainly comprises the following steps of: the method for balancing the battery pack comprises the steps of an inductance type, a capacitance type, a transformer type and a State of Charge (SOC) balancing method, wherein the SOC balancing method is to dynamically detect the SOC of the single battery, and when the SOCs are inconsistent, a balancing system is automatically started to Charge and discharge the battery until the same SOCs are reached, so that the battery pack balancing is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an alternating current-direct current charging and active balancing circuit of a lithium battery pack, which ensures that single cells in the battery pack are not overcharged and overdischarged in the charging and discharging processes by adopting an alternating current-direct current charging circuit and an balancing circuit in a Battery Management System (BMS) of the battery pack, and improves the phenomenon of unbalance after the battery pack is used. The available capacity of the battery pack is improved, the maintenance period of the battery pack is reduced, the service life of the battery pack is prolonged, and the running cost of the electric automobile, the hybrid electric automobile and the battery energy storage power station is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an alternating current/direct current charging and active equalization circuit of a lithium battery pack is characterized in that the lithium battery pack is optionally connected with an alternating current power grid or a direct current power grid directly in the charging process; if the lithium battery pack is connected with an alternating current power grid, charging the lithium battery pack after passing through the rectification module; if the direct current power grid is connected, the lithium battery pack is directly charged; when the energy of any one or more battery units of the lithium battery pack is too high, the battery units with the too high energy can be subjected to bypass treatment through an equalization circuit.
In the discharging process, when the energy of one or more battery units of the lithium battery pack is too low, firstly detecting whether a part with sufficient energy exists, if so, connecting the part with a large capacitor at the left end through a switching device, transferring the energy to the large capacitor, and then charging the part with too low energy through the large capacitor; thereby equalizing charge is carried out on the part with too low energy of any lithium battery pack; when the whole energy of the lithium battery pack is not high, the lithium battery pack is subjected to bypass treatment through the switching device, and the battery damage caused by overdischarge is prevented.
An ac/dc charging and active equalization circuit for a lithium battery pack, comprising:
the battery unit, the equalizing circuit and the control circuit are cascaded;
the cascading battery unit is divided into A, B, C three bridge arms, each bridge arm is provided with 2 (m+1) batteries, two inductance elements are connected in the middle of each bridge arm, and the connection nodes of any two inductance elements of any one of the A, B, C bridge arms are respectively connected with three phases of an alternating current power supply;
the equalization circuit comprises a full-bridge module, and the full-bridge module is connected with the battery;
the left side of the cascaded battery unit is connected with a large capacitor C and a direct current power supply U dc ；
The control circuit is connected with the cascaded battery units.
The total number of the battery units is 6 (m+1), and m is a positive integer; taking bridge arm A as an example, the upper half battery units of the lithium battery pack are respectively named as SM from top to bottom 1 、SM 2 ……SM m 、SM m+1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The lower half cell units of the lithium battery pack are respectively named as SM from top to bottom m+1 、SM m ……SM 2、 SM 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Cell SM of upper half bridge 1 Positive electrode of (c) is connected to VCC, and battery cell SM of lower half bridge 1 The negative electrode of (2) is connected with GND.
The full-bridge module comprises a plurality of full-bridge control circuits, each battery unit is connected with one full-bridge control circuit in series, and a small capacitor is connected in parallel in the middle of each battery unit.
The control circuit comprises a microcontroller and an IGBT driving circuit, the microcontroller is connected with the IGBT driving circuit, the IGBT driving circuit is controlled by the microcontroller to provide driving voltage or turn-off voltage for the gate electrode of the IGBT tube, and the IGBT is turned on or turned off to balance the electric quantity of the battery.
Compared with the prior art, the alternating current-direct current charging and active equalization circuit of the lithium battery pack can obtain energy from an alternating current or direct current power grid by selecting the lithium battery pack at will. According to the invention, the lossless dynamic battery equalization technology is adopted in a lithium battery pack battery management system, if the battery units in the lithium battery pack have the phenomenon of unbalanced electric quantity, the electric quantity can be transmitted to other battery units by controlling the on-off of the IGBT tube and the energy storage function of the capacitor in the equalization circuit through the control circuit, and the energy can be obtained from other battery units, so that the phenomenon of unbalanced lithium battery pack is improved, the available capacity of the lithium battery pack is improved, the service life of the lithium battery pack is prolonged, and the cost of the storage battery energy storage system in a hybrid electric vehicle, an electric vehicle and an energy storage power station is reduced.
According to the alternating-current/direct-current charging and active equalization circuit for the lithium battery pack, the battery can be connected with an alternating-current power grid or a direct-current power grid at will, and the battery can be charged after being rectified through the full-bridge control circuit when the battery is connected with the alternating-current power grid. The electric quantity of the battery pack can be balanced in the charging process, the standing process and the using process. The service life of the battery pack is effectively prolonged, and the use safety is guaranteed.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of a battery ac/dc charging and active equalization circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 1 (b) is a battery connection diagram of the inside of the arm and between the two arms, taking 6 batteries as an example.
Fig. 1 (c) is a control schematic diagram of the control circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of the rectifying operation at the time of voltage phase 0-pi in the ac charging process using a single battery as an example.
Fig. 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of the operation of rectification at the time of voltage phase pi-2 pi during ac charging, taking a single cell as an example.
Fig. 2 (c) is a voltage phase diagram during ac charging.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the battery bypass, which is an example of a single battery.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the parallel battery self-balancing operation process using two batteries as an example.
Fig. 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of the battery transferring energy to a large capacitance through a switching device.
Fig. 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of the battery drawing energy from a large capacitor.
Detailed Description
An alternating current/direct current charging and active equalization circuit of a lithium battery pack is characterized in that the lithium battery pack is optionally connected with an alternating current power grid or a direct current power grid directly in the charging process; if the lithium battery pack is connected with an alternating current power grid, charging the lithium battery pack after passing through the rectification module; if the direct current power grid is connected, the lithium battery pack is directly charged; when the energy of any one or more battery units of the lithium battery pack is too high, the battery units with the too high energy can be subjected to bypass treatment through an equalization circuit.
In the discharging process, when the energy of one or more battery units of the lithium battery pack is too low, firstly detecting whether a part with sufficient energy exists, if so, connecting the part with a large capacitor at the left end through a switching device, transferring the energy to the large capacitor, and then charging the part with too low energy through the large capacitor; thereby equalizing charge is carried out on the part with too low energy of any lithium battery pack; when the whole energy of the lithium battery pack is not high, the lithium battery pack is subjected to bypass treatment through the switching device, and the battery damage caused by overdischarge is prevented.
An ac/dc charging and active equalization circuit for a lithium battery pack, comprising: the battery unit, the equalizing circuit and the control circuit are cascaded;
the cascading battery unit is divided into A, B, C three bridge arms, each bridge arm is provided with 2 (m+1) batteries, two inductance elements are connected in the middle of each bridge arm, and the connection nodes of any two inductance elements of any one of the A, B, C bridge arms are respectively connected with three phases of an alternating current power supply;
the equalization circuit comprises a full-bridge module, and the full-bridge module is connected with the battery;
the left side of the cascaded battery unit is connected with a large capacitor C and a direct current power supply U dc ；
The control circuit is connected with the cascaded battery units.
The total number of the battery units is 6 (m+1), and m is a positive integer; taking bridge arm A as an example, the upper half battery units of the lithium battery pack are respectively named as SM from top to bottom 1 、SM 2 ……SM m 、SM m+1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The lower half cell units of the lithium battery pack are respectively named as SM from top to bottom m+1 、SM m ……SM 2、 SM 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Cell SM of upper half bridge 1 Positive electrode of (c) is connected to VCC, and battery cell SM of lower half bridge 1 The negative electrode of (2) is connected with GND. The number of the battery units is not limited, but as the number of the battery units rises, equalization control becomes complex correspondingly, the switching frequency of the IGBT tube may not meet the requirement, the requirement on the energy storage capacitor is also improved correspondingly, and the balance control is selected according to actual conditions.
The full-bridge module comprises a plurality of full-bridge control circuits, each battery unit is connected with one full-bridge control circuit in series, and a small capacitor is connected in parallel in the middle of each battery unit.
As shown in fig. 1 (c), the control circuit includes a microcontroller and an IGBT driving circuit, the microcontroller is connected to the IGBT driving circuit, the IGBT driving circuit is controlled by the microcontroller, the microcontroller in the control circuit is programmed to analyze the current battery power, and calculate which control strategy should be used to balance the circuit. And driving voltage or turn-off voltage is provided for the gate electrode of the IGBT tube, so that the IGBT tube is turned on or turned off according to actual requirements, and the purpose of balancing the electric quantity of the battery is achieved.
The working principle of the charging and equalizing circuit is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the lithium battery pack can be used for chargingIn actual conditions, energy is selected to be obtained from an alternating current power grid or a direct current power grid, and when the energy is obtained from the direct current power grid, current passes through a diode D 1 Diode D 4 Through the two ends of the battery, the battery can be directly charged.
As shown in fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b), when the battery is connected to the ac power grid, the battery can be rectified by the full-bridge control circuit. When the alternating current period is 0-pi, the voltage is positive, and the current flows in from the point a and passes through the diode D 1 Flow to the battery anode via D 4 The diode flows out from the point b; when the period is pi-2 pi, the voltage is negative, and the current flows from the point b to pass through the diode D 3 After flowing to the positive electrode of the battery, pass through D 2 And a diode flowing out from the point a.
When the battery is charged with an excessively high amount of electricity, as shown in fig. 3, the battery may be bypassed by an equalization circuit. The current flows into the full-bridge control circuit from the point a and flows through the diode D 1 After that, IGBT tube T 3 On, current through IGBT tube T 3 And flows out from the point b. Thereby achieving the purpose of bypassing the battery.
If the single battery units between the two bridge arms of the lithium battery pack are unbalanced, the two single battery units can be connected in parallel and then are balanced naturally, the system analyzes the electric quantity of each battery unit, and the battery unit with the highest electric quantity on the bridge arm is detected to be balanced with the single battery unit with low electric quantity on the adjacent bridge arm through comparison.
As shown in fig. 4, the battery with high electric quantity is connected in parallel with the battery with low electric quantity, the current flows out from the point a of the other side through the switch of the IGBT tube T1, flows into the positive electrode of the battery with low electric quantity through the diode D1, and then flows out from the point b through the diode D4, thereby completing the energy conversion.
The energy transfer between any single cell can be completed by transferring energy to the parallel capacitor, so as to achieve the purpose of balancing, and if the capacity of any single cell is detected to be higher than the average level, the energy of the single cell is transferred to the parallel capacitor by controlling the IGBT tube as shown in fig. 5 (a). The current flows from the positive electrode of the single battery unit with high energy to the positive electrode of the capacitor through the IGBT tube T1 switch from the point a, and then flows from the point b to the negative electrode of the battery through the IGBT tube T4 switch, so that the energy transfer process is completed.
When the electric quantity of any single battery unit is detected to be too low, the electric quantity stored in the capacitor can be transferred back to the battery, as shown in fig. 5 (b), current flows into the point a from the positive electrode of the capacitor, flows into the positive electrode of the battery through the diode D1 and flows out from the point b through the diode D4, and energy transfer is completed.
The control circuit obtains energy from an alternating current power grid by controlling the on and off of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) tube, and current flows through two ends of a battery through a diode D1 and a diode D4, so that the battery can be directly charged; when the battery is connected to an alternating current power grid, the battery can be rectified through a full-bridge control circuit; when the alternating current period is 0-pi, the voltage is positive, the current flows in from the point a, flows to the positive electrode of the battery through the diode D1, and flows out from the point b through the diode D4; when the period is pi-2 pi, the voltage is negative, the current flows in from the point b, flows to the positive electrode of the battery through the diode D3, flows out from the point a through the diode D2;
when the battery is charged, and the electric quantity of the battery unit is too high, the control circuit controls the equalizing circuit to bypass the battery, the current flows into the full-bridge control circuit through the point a, the IGBT tube T3 is turned on after the current flows through the diode D1, and the current flows out from the point b through the IGBT tube T3;
when the battery units between the two bridge arms are unbalanced, the two battery units are naturally balanced after being connected in parallel, the IGBT tube is controlled to enable the battery with high electricity quantity to be connected in parallel with the battery with low electricity quantity, current flows in from the point a on the other side through the switch of the IGBT tube T1, flows to the positive electrode of the battery with low electricity quantity through the diode D1, and then flows out from the point b through the diode D4, so that energy conversion is completed.
The equalization circuit provided by the invention is connected with a large capacitor in parallel, and if the capacity of any single battery unit is detected to be higher than the average level, the energy of the battery is transferred to the parallel capacitor by controlling the IGBT tube. The current flows from the positive electrode of the battery monomer with high energy to the positive electrode of the capacitor through the IGBT tube T1 switch from the point a, and then flows from the point b to the negative electrode of the battery through the T4 switch, so that the energy transfer process is completed. When the electric quantity of any battery cell is detected to be too low, the electric quantity stored in the capacitor can be transferred back to the battery, as shown in fig. 5 (b), the current flows into the point a from the positive electrode of the capacitor, flows into the positive electrode of the battery through the diode D1, flows out from the point b through the diode D4, and the energy transfer is completed. Therefore, the energy loss can be reduced and each single battery can be accurately balanced through a capacitance balancing mode.
According to the invention, a mode of cascading the battery cell submodules is adopted, each single battery cell is connected with a full-bridge control circuit, and each battery cell can be accurately balanced by controlling the on-off and the duty ratio of the IGBT tube, so that the whole balancing process is more accurate and convenient.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a lithium cell group alternating current-direct current charges and initiative equalizer circuit which characterized in that includes:
the battery unit, the equalizing circuit and the control circuit are cascaded;
the cascading battery unit is divided into A, B, C three bridge arms, each bridge arm is provided with 2 (m+1) batteries, two inductance elements are connected in the middle of each bridge arm, and the connection nodes of any two inductance elements of any one of the A, B, C bridge arms are respectively connected with three phases of an alternating current power supply;
the equalization circuit comprises a full-bridge module, and the full-bridge module is connected with the battery;
the left side of the cascaded battery unit is connected with a large capacitor C and a direct current power supply U dc ；
The control circuit is connected with the cascaded battery units;
the total number of the battery units is 6 (m+1), and m is a positive integer; the upper half of the battery unit of the lithium battery pack is respectively named as SM from top to bottom 1 、SM 2 ……SM m 、SM m+1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The lower half cell units of the lithium battery pack are respectively named as SM from top to bottom m+1 、SM m ……SM 2、 SM 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Cell SM of upper half bridge 1 Positive electrode of (c) is connected to VCC, and battery cell SM of lower half bridge 1 The negative electrode of (1) is connected with GND;
the full-bridge module comprises a plurality of full-bridge control circuits, each battery unit is connected with one full-bridge control circuit in series, and a small capacitor is connected in parallel in the middle;
the control circuit comprises a microcontroller and an IGBT driving circuit, the microcontroller is connected with the IGBT driving circuit, the IGBT driving circuit is controlled by the microcontroller to provide driving voltage or turn-off voltage for the gate electrode of the IGBT tube, and the IGBT tube is turned on or turned off to balance the electric quantity of the battery;
the control method for the double-end charging and electric quantity equalizing circuit of the lithium battery pack comprises the following steps:
comprises IGBT tube T 1 ~ T 4 Diodes D1-D4 and a battery;
IGBT tube T 1 The collector electrodes of (a) are respectively connected with an IGBT tube T 3 A collector electrode of (c), a battery anode electrode;
IGBT tube T 2 The emitter electrodes of (a) are respectively connected with an IGBT tube T 4 An emitter electrode of (a) and a battery negative electrode;
IGBT tube T 1 Emitter connection IGBT tube T 2 The connection node of the collector of the power source is a point a;
IGBT tube T 3 Emitter connection IGBT tube T 4 The collector of which connects the nodes to form point b;
IGBT tube T 1 The emitter and the collector of the capacitor are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the diode D1;
IGBT tube T 2 The emitter and the collector of the capacitor are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the diode D2;
IGBT tube T 3 The emitter and the collector of the capacitor are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the diode D3;
IGBT tube T 4 The emitter and the collector of the capacitor are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the diode D4;
when the control circuit obtains energy from an alternating current power grid by controlling the on-off of the IGBT tube, current flows through two ends of the battery through the diode D1 and the diode D4, and the battery can be directly charged; when the battery is connected to an alternating current power grid, the battery can be rectified through a full-bridge control circuit; when the alternating current period is 0-pi, the voltage is positive, the current flows in from the point a, flows to the positive electrode of the battery through the diode D1, and flows out from the point b through the diode D4; when the period is pi-2 pi, the voltage is negative, the current flows in from the point b, flows to the positive electrode of the battery through the diode D3, flows out from the point a through the diode D2;
when the battery is charged and the electric quantity of the battery unit is too high, the control circuit controls the equalizing circuit to bypass the battery, the current flows into the full-bridge control circuit through the point a, flows through the diode D1 and then flows into the IGBT tube T 3 On, current through IGBT tube T 3 Outflow from point b;
when the battery units between the two bridge arms are unbalanced, the two battery units are naturally balanced after being connected in parallel, the IGBT tube is controlled to enable the battery with high electricity quantity to be connected in parallel with the battery with low electricity quantity, and the current passes through the IGBT tube T 1 The switch flows from the point a to the other side from the point a, flows to the positive electrode of the battery with low electric quantity through the diode D1, and then flows from the point b through the diode D4 to finish energy conversion;
if the capacity of any single battery unit is detected to be higher than the average level, transferring the energy of the single battery unit to a parallel capacitor by controlling an IGBT tube; the current passes through the IGBT tube T from the positive electrode of the single battery unit with high energy 1 The switch flows out from the point a to be connected to the anode of the capacitor and then passes through the IGBT tube T from the point b 4 The switch flows back to the cathode of the battery to finish the energy transfer process;
when the electric quantity of any single battery unit is detected to be too low, the electric quantity stored in the capacitor can be transferred back to the battery, current flows into the point a from the positive electrode of the capacitor, flows into the positive electrode of the battery through the diode D1 and then flows out from the point b through the diode D4, and energy transfer is completed.
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| CN111591140A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | Battery management system and vehicle |
| CN113506934B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-09-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Lithium battery heating system and heating method |
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