CN108667104A - A kind of charging of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current and active equalization circuit - Google Patents
A kind of charging of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current and active equalization circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN108667104A CN108667104A CN201810629190.1A CN201810629190A CN108667104A CN 108667104 A CN108667104 A CN 108667104A CN 201810629190 A CN201810629190 A CN 201810629190A CN 108667104 A CN108667104 A CN 108667104A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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Abstract
A kind of charging of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current and active equalization circuit, including cascade battery unit, equalizing circuit, control circuit；The cascade battery unit is divided into tri- bridge arms of A, B, C, has 2 on each bridge arm（m+1）Batteries connect among each bridge arm there are two inductance element, and the connecting node of any one two inductance element of bridge arm of tri- bridge arms of A, B, C is separately connected AC power three-phase；The equalizing circuit includes full-bridge modules, and full-bridge modules are connected with battery；The cascade battery unit left side is connected with bulky capacitor C and DC power supply Udc；The control circuit connects cascade battery unit.Using the present invention, battery can arbitrarily select AC network or DC grid to be attached, and charge the battery after can carrying out rectification by full-bridge control circuit when being connected to AC network.During charging process, standing process, use can electric quantity balancing be carried out to battery pack.Effectively extends the service life of battery pack and ensured the safety used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of the charging of battery pack both-end and equilibrium, and in particular to a kind of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current fills
Electricity and active equalization circuit.
Background technology
The development of battery technology makes it rapidly be applied to various fields, and wherein power lithium-ion battery is to promoting new energy
Automobile, generation of electricity by new energy etc. development have important engineering application value, but be limited to single-unit lithium ion battery voltage and
Capacity characteristic, it usually needs more piece single battery connection in series-parallel forms power battery pack.Since the chemical characteristic of each battery can not
It has differences with avoiding, along with the influence of the factors such as aging, temperature, electric current, so that battery otherness is gradually increased, certain batteries
The residual capacity of the higher and certain battery cell of the residual capacity of monomer is relatively low, seriously affects battery capacity and cell safety.
Domestic and foreign scholars propose the solution of oneself, such as the higher situation of Individual cells monomer residual capacity, it is proposed that
Parallel resistance shunting, by controlling the devices such as MOSFET, IGBT by the higher battery of residual capacity by resistance consumption energy,
This method causes the waste of energy, and since resistance heating leads to temperature rise, increases the negative of battery thermal management system
Lotus.Also researcher proposes equalization based on boost-buck circuits, using equalizing circuits such as the equalizations of transformer, this
A little circuits have largely used the original papers such as transformer, inductance, increase the volume, cost and the complicated journey of control of equalizing circuit
Degree.
The method of Li-ion batteries piles equilibrium at present mainly has the equalization methods based on voltage, such as：Current distributing method and
Energy Transfer, Energy Transfer are broadly divided by the energy storage original paper used：Inductance type, condenser type and transformer type and charged shape
State (State of Charge, SOC) equalization, SOC balance method are by dynamic detection single battery SOC, when there is SOC
When inconsistent, equal balance system is enabled automatically, battery pack balancing is realized until reaching identical SOC to battery charging and discharging.
Invention content
In order to solve defect in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of charging of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current and active equalizations
Circuit passes through the battery management system in battery pack（BMS）It is middle to use a kind of alternating current-direct current charging circuit and equalizing circuit, to ensure
There is not overcharge and overdischarge during being charged and discharged in monomer in battery pack, and improvement battery pack uses rear unbalanced
Phenomenon.The active volume for improving battery pack, reduces the maintenance period of battery pack, extends the service life of battery pack, reduces electronic
The operating cost of automobile, hybrid vehicle and battery energy storage power station.
The technical solution that the present invention takes is：
A kind of charging of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current and active equalization circuit lithium battery group arbitrarily selection and exchange in charging process
Power grid or DC grid are connected directly；If connecting AC network, charge to lithium battery group after first passing through rectification module；If connection
DC grid then charges directly to lithium battery group；When lithium battery group any one or multiple battery cell energy is excessively high, lead to
Bypass processing can be carried out by the excessively high battery cell of one or more energy by crossing equalizing circuit.
In discharge process, when lithium battery group one or more battery monomer energy is too low, energy has been first detected whether
Sufficient part is measured, is connected by the bulky capacitor of switching device and left end if having, is transferred the energy to bulky capacitor, then pass through
Bulky capacitor charges to the too low part of energy；It is filled to which the energy of arbitrary lithium battery group is carried out equilibrium to the too low part of energy
Electricity；When lithium battery group integral energy is not high, bypass processing is carried out by switching device, prevents over-discharge from leading to electricity
Pond is damaged.
A kind of charging of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current and active equalization circuit, including：
Cascade battery unit, equalizing circuit, control circuit；
The cascade battery unit is divided into tri- bridge arms of A, B, C, has 2 on each bridge arm（m+1）Batteries, among each bridge arm
Even there are two inductance element, the connecting node of any one two inductance element of bridge arm of tri- bridge arms of A, B, C is separately connected exchange
Power supply three-phase；
The equalizing circuit includes full-bridge modules, and full-bridge modules are connected with battery；
The cascade battery unit left side is connected with bulky capacitor C and DC power supply Udc；
The control circuit connects cascade battery unit.
The battery unit sum is 6（m+1）, m is positive integer；By taking bridge arm A as an example, lithium battery group top half battery list
Member is respectively designated as SM from top to bottom1、SM2……SMm、SMm+1；Lithium battery group lower half portion battery unit is ordered respectively from top to bottom
Entitled SMm+1、SMm……SM2、SM1；The battery unit SM of upper half-bridge1Anode meet VCC, the battery unit SM of lower half-bridge1It is negative
Pole meets GND.
The full-bridge modules include multiple full-bridge control circuits, each battery unit and a full-bridge control circuit string
Connection, centre are simultaneously connected with small capacitances.
The control circuit includes microcontroller, IGBT drive circuit, and microcontroller connects IGBT drive circuit, by micro-
Controller controls IGBT drive circuit, and providing driving voltage to the gate pole of IGBT pipes either turns off voltage IGBT unlatchings or pass
It closes, battery capacity is carried out balanced.
Compared with prior art, a kind of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current charging of the present invention and active equalization circuit, lithium battery group can
Arbitrary selection obtains energy from AC or DC power grid.The present invention is in lithium battery cell management system using above-mentioned lossless
Dynamic battery balancing technique, the battery unit in lithium battery group pass through control circuit control if there is the unbalanced phenomenon of electricity
Electricity, can be passed to other battery units, also may be used by the energy storage effect of the break-make of IGBT pipes and capacitance in equalizing circuit processed
To obtain energy from other battery units, improve the unbalanced phenomenon of lithium battery group, improve the active volume of lithium battery group, extends
The service life of lithium battery group reduces the cost of energy-storage system of accumulator in hybrid vehicle, electric vehicle and storage station.
A kind of charging of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current of the present invention and active equalization circuit, battery can arbitrarily select AC network or
DC grid is attached, and is charged the battery after can carrying out rectification by full-bridge control circuit when being connected to AC network.It is filling
During electric process, standing process, use can electric quantity balancing be carried out to battery pack.Effectively extend the service life of battery pack
And the safety used is ensured.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：
Fig. 1（a）It is the schematic diagram of a kind of battery pack alternating current-direct current charging of the present invention and active equalization circuit.
Fig. 1（b）It is the battery connection figure inside the bridge arm by taking 6 batteries as an example and between two bridge arms.
Fig. 1（c）It is the control circuit control principle drawing of the present invention.
Rectification course of work principle when Fig. 2 (a) is voltage-phase 0- π during AC charging by taking single battery as an example
Figure.
The course of work of rectification is former when Fig. 2 (b) is voltage-phase π -2 π during AC charging by taking single battery as an example
Reason figure.
Fig. 2 (c) is voltage-phase figure during AC charging.
Fig. 3 is the course of work schematic diagram of the cell bypass by taking single battery as an example.
Fig. 4 is batteries in parallel connection by taking two batteries as an example from balanced operation Principle of Process figure.
Fig. 5（a）It is the schematic diagram that battery transfers energy into bulky capacitor by switching device.
Fig. 5（b）It is the schematic diagram that battery obtains energy from bulky capacitor.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of charging of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current and active equalization circuit, in charging process, lithium battery group arbitrarily selection with
AC network or DC grid are connected directly；If connecting AC network, charge to lithium battery group after first passing through rectification module；If
DC grid is connected, then is charged directly to lithium battery group；When lithium battery group, any one or multiple battery cell energy are excessively high
When, the excessively high battery cell of one or more energy can be carried out by bypass processing by equalizing circuit.
In discharge process, when lithium battery group one or more battery monomer energy is too low, energy has been first detected whether
Sufficient part is measured, is connected by the bulky capacitor of switching device and left end if having, is transferred the energy to bulky capacitor, then pass through
Bulky capacitor charges to the too low part of energy；It is filled to which the energy of arbitrary lithium battery group is carried out equilibrium to the too low part of energy
Electricity；When lithium battery group integral energy is not high, bypass processing is carried out by switching device, prevents over-discharge from leading to electricity
Pond is damaged.
A kind of charging of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current and active equalization circuit, including：Cascade battery unit, equalizing circuit, control
Circuit processed；
The cascade battery unit is divided into tri- bridge arms of A, B, C, has 2 on each bridge arm（m+1）Batteries, among each bridge arm
Even there are two inductance element, the connecting node of any one two inductance element of bridge arm of tri- bridge arms of A, B, C is separately connected exchange
Power supply three-phase；
The equalizing circuit includes full-bridge modules, and full-bridge modules are connected with battery；
The cascade battery unit left side is connected with bulky capacitor C and DC power supply Udc；
The control circuit connects cascade battery unit.
The battery unit sum is 6（m+1）, m is positive integer；By taking bridge arm A as an example, lithium battery group top half battery list
Member is respectively designated as SM from top to bottom1、SM2……SMm、SMm+1；Lithium battery group lower half portion battery unit is ordered respectively from top to bottom
Entitled SMm+1、SMm……SM2、SM1；The battery unit SM of upper half-bridge1Anode meet VCC, the battery unit SM of lower half-bridge1It is negative
Pole meets GND.Battery unit quantity is not limited, but with the rising of battery unit quantity, Balance route can accordingly become multiple
Miscellaneous, the switching frequency of IGBT pipes may not reach requirement, and the requirement to storage capacitor also can be improved accordingly, should be according to actual conditions
Selection.
The full-bridge modules include multiple full-bridge control circuits, each battery unit and a full-bridge control circuit string
Connection, centre are simultaneously connected with small capacitances.
Such as Fig. 1（c）Shown, the control circuit includes microcontroller, IGBT drive circuit, and microcontroller connects IGBT and drives
Dynamic circuit controls IGBT drive circuit by microcontroller, current to analyze by the microcontroller programming in control circuit
The electricity of battery, and calculating should be using which kind of control strategy come equalizing circuit.Driving voltage is provided to the gate pole of IGBT pipes
Or shutdown voltage so that IGBT pipes are turned on or off according to actual demand, achieve the purpose that carry out battery capacity balanced.
The operation principle of charging and equalizing circuit is as follows：
Such as Fig. 1（a）, Fig. 1（b）Shown, in charging process, lithium battery group can be selected according to actual conditions from AC network or straight
Galvanic electricity net obtains energy, and when obtaining energy from DC grid, electric current passes through diode D1, diode D4Battery both ends are flowed through, it can be straight
It connects and charges the battery.
Such as Fig. 2（a）, Fig. 2（b）It is shown, when battery incoming transport power grid, full-bridge control circuit rectification can be passed through.Exchange
When the electric period is in 0- π, voltage is that just, electric current is flowed into from a points, by diode D1It flows to after anode through D4Diode is from b
Point outflow；Period, voltage was negative, and electric current is flowed into from b points, by diode D in π -2 π3After flowing to anode, by D2Two
Pole pipe is flowed out from a points.
When battery is in charging process, when excessively high there is a situation where single battery unit electricity, as shown in figure 3, can lead to
Equalizing circuit is crossed by the cell bypass.Electric current flows into full-bridge control circuit through a points, flows through diode D1Afterwards, by IGBT pipes T3It opens
Logical, electric current is via IGBT pipes T3It is flowed out from b points.To achieve the purpose that shunt battery.
It, can be by by two single batteries when lithium battery group is unbalanced in case of single battery unit between two bridge arms
Naturally balanced after unit parallel connection, system will analyze the pool unit electricity that often economizes on electricity and detect that electricity is highest on bridge arm by comparison
The battery cell single battery unit low with electricity on adjacent bridge arm carries out balanced.
As shown in figure 4, the battery cell parallel low with electricity that electricity is high, electric current is switched by IGBT pipes T1, from a point streams
Go out from a points of another side and flow into, via diode D1, flow to the anode of the low battery of electricity, then by diode D4 from b point streams
Go out, completes the conversion of energy.
Also energy transfer between arbitrary monomer can be completed by transferring the energy to shunt capacitance, to reach balanced
Purpose, such as Fig. 5（a）It is shown, if it is detected that arbitrary single battery unit capability is higher than average level, it will by controlling IGBT pipes
The energy transfer of the single battery unit is to shunt capacitance.Electric current passes through IGBT pipes T1 from the high single battery unit anode of energy
The anode for being connected to capacitance from the outflow of a points is switched, then battery cathode is flowed back to from b points by IGBT pipes T4 switches, completes energy
Transfer process.
When detecting any single battery unit low battery, the electricity stored in capacitance can be transferred back to battery, such as
Fig. 5（b）Shown, electric current flows into a points from capacitance cathode, is flowed into after anode by diode D4 from b points by diode D1
Energy transfer is completed in outflow.
A kind of control method being used for the charging of lithium battery group both-end and electric quantity balancing circuit, control circuit, which passes through, controls IGBT
Pipe open with shutdown from AC network obtain energy when, electric current flows through battery both ends by diode D1, diode D4, can be straight
It connects and charges the battery；When battery incoming transport power grid, full-bridge control circuit rectification can be passed through；When ac period is in 0- π, electricity
Pressure is flowed out through D4 diodes from b points for just, electric current is flowed into from a points after diode D1 flows to anode；Period is in π -2 π
When, voltage is negative, and electric current is flowed into from b points, after diode D3 flows to anode, by D2 diodes, is flowed out from a points；
When battery is in charging process, when excessively high there is a situation where battery unit electricity, control circuit controls equalizing circuit should
Cell bypass, electric current flow into full-bridge control circuit through a points, and after flowing through diode D1, IGBT pipes T3 is open-minded, and electric current is via IGBT
Pipe T3 is flowed out from b points；
When battery unit is unbalanced between two bridge arms, by will after two battery units in parallel it is naturally balanced, control IGBT pipes make
The high battery of the electricity cell parallel low with electricity, electric current are switched by IGBT pipes T1, from the outflow of a points from a point streams of another side
Enter, via diode D1, flow to the anode of the low battery of electricity, then flowed out from b points by diode D4, completes turning for energy
It changes.
There are one bulky capacitors for equalizing circuit parallel connection proposed by the present invention, if it is detected that arbitrary single battery unit capability is higher than
Average level, then by controlling IGBT pipes by the energy transfer of the battery to shunt capacitance.Electric current is from the high battery cell of energy
Anode is connected to the anode of capacitance by IGBT pipes T1 switches from the outflow of a points, and it is negative then to flow back to battery by T4 switches from b points
The transfer process of energy is completed in pole.When detecting arbitrary battery cell low battery, the electricity stored in capacitance can be shifted
Telegram in reply pond, such as Fig. 5（b）Electric current flows into a points from capacitance cathode, by diode D1 flow into after anode by diode D4 from
B points flow out, and complete energy transfer.Can not only reduce energy loss in such a way that capacitance is balanced in this way can be with precise equalization
Often save single battery.
The present invention is by the way of battery cell sub-module cascade, and there are one full-bridges to control for each single battery unit connection
Circuit, by controlling the break-make and duty ratio of IGBT pipes, accurate balanced can often economize on electricity pool unit, to make whole equilibrium
Process is more precisely, conveniently.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current charging and active equalization circuit, it is characterised in that：
In charging process, lithium battery group arbitrarily selection is connected directly with AC network or DC grid；
If connecting AC network, charge to lithium battery group after first passing through rectification module；
If connecting DC grid, charge directly to lithium battery group；
When lithium battery group any one or multiple battery cell energy is excessively high, by equalizing circuit by one or more energy
Bypass processing can be carried out by measuring excessively high battery cell.
2. a kind of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current charging and active equalization circuit, it is characterised in that：
In discharge process, when lithium battery group one or more battery monomer energy is too low, first detect whether that energy fills
The part of foot is connected by the bulky capacitor of switching device and left end if having, transfers the energy to bulky capacitor, and big electricity is then passed through
Hold and gives energy too low part charging；To which the energy of arbitrary lithium battery group is carried out equalizaing charge to the too low part of energy；
When lithium battery group integral energy is not high, bypass processing is carried out by switching device, prevents over-discharge from causing
Cell damage.
3. a kind of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current charging and active equalization circuit, it is characterised in that including：
Cascade battery unit, equalizing circuit, control circuit；
The cascade battery unit is divided into tri- bridge arms of A, B, C, has 2 on each bridge arm（m+1）Batteries, among each bridge arm
Even there are two inductance element, the connecting node of any one two inductance element of bridge arm of tri- bridge arms of A, B, C is separately connected exchange
Power supply three-phase；
The equalizing circuit includes full-bridge modules, and full-bridge modules are connected with battery；
The cascade battery unit left side is connected with bulky capacitor C and DC power supply Udc；
The control circuit connects cascade battery unit.
4. a kind of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current charging and active equalization circuit according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The battery unit sum is 6（m+1）, m is positive integer；By taking bridge arm A as an example, lithium battery group top half battery unit from
It is respectively designated as SM under1、SM2……SMm、SMm+1；Lithium battery group lower half portion battery unit is respectively designated as from top to bottom
SMm+1、SMm……SM2、SM1；The battery unit SM of upper half-bridge1Anode meet VCC, the battery unit SM of lower half-bridge1Cathode connect
GND；
The full-bridge modules include multiple full-bridge control circuits, each battery unit is connected with a full-bridge control circuit, in
Between and be connected with small capacitances；
The control circuit includes microcontroller, IGBT drive circuit, and microcontroller connects IGBT drive circuit, passes through microcontroller
Device controls IGBT drive circuit, provides driving voltage or shutdown voltage to the gate pole of IGBT pipes, IGBT is turned on or off, right
Battery capacity carries out balanced.
5. a kind of control method being used for the charging of lithium battery group both-end and electric quantity balancing circuit, it is characterised in that：
Control circuit by control IGBT pipes open with shutdown from AC network obtain energy when, electric current by diode D1,
Diode D4 flows through battery both ends, can directly charge the battery；It, can be whole by full-bridge control circuit when battery incoming transport power grid
Stream；When ac period is in 0- π, voltage is that just, electric current is flowed into from a points, through D4 after diode D1 flows to anode
Diode is flowed out from b points；Period, voltage was negative, and electric current is flowed into from b points, and anode is flowed to by diode D3 in π -2 π
Afterwards, it by D2 diodes, is flowed out from a points；
When battery is in charging process, when excessively high there is a situation where battery unit electricity, control circuit controls equalizing circuit should
Cell bypass, electric current flow into full-bridge control circuit through a points, and after flowing through diode D1, IGBT pipes T3 is open-minded, and electric current is via IGBT
Pipe T3 is flowed out from b points；
When battery unit is unbalanced between two bridge arms, by will after two battery units in parallel it is naturally balanced, control IGBT pipes make
The high battery of the electricity cell parallel low with electricity, electric current are switched by IGBT pipes T1, from the outflow of a points from a point streams of another side
Enter, via diode D1, flow to the anode of the low battery of electricity, then flowed out from b points by diode D4, completes turning for energy
It changes.
6. a kind of control method being used for the charging of lithium battery group both-end and electric quantity balancing circuit as claimed in claim 5, feature
It is：If it is detected that arbitrary single battery unit capability is higher than average level, by controlling IGBT pipes by the single battery list
The energy transfer of member is to shunt capacitance；Electric current is switched by IGBT pipes T1 from a point streams from the high single battery unit anode of energy
Go out to be connected to the anode of capacitance, then flows back to battery cathode from b points by IGBT pipes T4 switches, complete the transfer process of energy；
When detecting any single battery unit low battery, the electricity stored in capacitance can be transferred back to battery, electric current from
Capacitance cathode flows into a points, is flowed into after anode by diode D1 and is flowed out from b points by diode D4, completes energy transfer.
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| CN113506934B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-09-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Lithium battery heating system and heating method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN108667104B (en) | 2023-08-25 |
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