CN113796244B - 高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供有高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,包括第一防护透气层,所述第一防护透气层的下方设置有透光层,所述透光层的下方设置有交错分布的纤维层,所述纤维层的下方设置有第二防护透气层,所述第一防护透气层表面的两侧均设置有第一防护层。该高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,通过第一防护层和第二防护层的配合使用,使得生物降解地膜结构能够对地膜的两侧进行防护的同时提高自身的结构强度,进而防止地膜铺设和埋土时土壤对地膜产生的拉扯力造成地膜产生撕裂破损,从而提高生物降解地膜的防护性能,同时通过在第一防护层和第二防护层位于疏水涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层,能够对土壤进行杀菌消毒,进而避免害虫破坏生物降解地膜结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体公开高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构。
背景技术
生物降解地膜是指一类在自然环境条件下可为微生物作用而引起降解的塑料地膜。细菌、真菌和放线菌等微生物侵蚀塑料薄膜后,由于细胞的增长使聚合物组分水解、电离或质子化,发生机械性破坏,分裂成低聚物碎片。真菌或细菌分泌的酶使水溶性聚合物分解或氧化降解成水溶性碎片,生成新的小分子化合物,直至最终分解成C02和H20,根据不同的分类方法可将其分为以下几种类型:
1、按照降解机理和破坏形式,生物降解地膜可分为完全生物降解地膜和添加型可生物降解地膜两种类型。
完全生物降解地膜是由能被微生物完全分解的物质组成的塑料薄膜,该物质主要来源于淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖及其他多糖类天然材料,其降解的最终产物为C02和H20,可完全为自然界消纳,也不会对环境产生二次污染。其主要品种有聚乳酸(PLA)、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚羟基丁酸酯(PUB)等。此外聚乙烯醇也可被水及微生物完全降解;
添加型可生物降解地膜,是在不具有生物降解特性的通用塑料基础上,添加具有生物降解特性的天然或合成聚合物或生物降解促进剂、加工助剂等,经混合制成。添加型可生物降解地膜,主要由通用塑料、淀粉、相容剂、自氧化剂、加工助剂组成。其典型品种为聚乙烯淀粉可生物降解地膜。
2、根据原材料,生物降解地膜可分为淀粉基可生物降解地膜、纤维素基可生物降解地膜、纤维素与其它天然高分子材料的共混与共聚地膜、木质素基生物降解地膜等。
3、根据成型工艺,生物降解地膜可分为薄膜类型,注塑类型、片材类型和发泡类型。
生物降解地膜是新型地面覆盖薄膜,主要用于地面覆盖,以提高土壤温度,保持土壤水分,维持土壤结构,防止害虫侵袭作物和某些微生物引起的病害,从而促进植物生长。
现有的部分生物降解地膜在铺设的过程中,由于自生的结构强度较低,生物降解地膜与土壤的接触面容易产生撕裂破损,致使生物降解地膜的防护性能降低,同时生物降解地膜由于自生能够降解的原因,致使保护膜在农作物还未完全生长出来,在受外界环境的巨烈变化下短时间段内自降解,使得生物降解地膜的耐候性较低。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术中的上述缺陷或不足,本申请旨在提供高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,包括第一防护透气层,所述第一防护透气层的下方设置有透光层,所述透光层的下方设置有交错分布的纤维层,所述纤维层的下方设置有第二防护透气层,所述第一防护透气层表面的两侧均设置有第一防护层,所述第一防护透气层的中部设置有种植区,所述第二防护透气层表面的两侧均设置有第二防护层,所述第一防护透气层位于种植区的两侧均设置有第一透光区,所述透光层位于第一透光区的下方设置有第二透光区,所述第二防护透气层位于第二透光区的下方设置有第三透光区,所述第一防护透气层、透光层、纤维层和第二防护透气层位于种植区的位置设置有间隔分布的通孔,所述第一防护透气层、透光层和第二防护透气层的材质均为聚乳酸(PLA)、聚己内酯(PCL)或聚羟基丁酸酯(PUB),所述第一防护透气层的表面涂覆有抗氧化涂层,且第一防护透气层位于抗氧化涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层,所述第一防护层和第二防护层的表面均涂覆有疏水涂层,且第一防护层和第二防护层位于疏水涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层。
优选的,所述第一防护层和第二防护层均采用可降解的纤维制成,且第一防护层和第二防护层均采用压合粘黏的方式分别连接在第一防护透气层和第二防护透气层外部的两侧。
优选的,所述纤维层是由垂直分布的纤维丝编制而成。
优选的,所述透光层的内部含有光稳定剂,且透光层表面涂覆有疏水涂层。
优选的,所述第二防护透气层的表面涂覆有疏水涂层,且第二防护透气层位于疏水涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层。
优选的,所述第一透光区、第二透光区和第三透光区所在的区域未涂覆涂层。
有益效果:
1、该高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,通过第一防护层和第二防护层的配合使用,使得生物降解地膜结构能够对地膜的两侧进行防护的同时提高自身的结构强度,进而防止地膜铺设和埋土时土壤对地膜产生的拉扯力造成地膜产生撕裂破损,从而提高生物降解地膜的防护性能,同时通过在第一防护层和第二防护层位于疏水涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层,能够对土壤进行杀菌消毒,进而避免害虫破坏生物降解地膜结构。
2、该高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,通过在第一防护透气层的表面涂覆抗氧化涂层能够对第一防护透气层进行防护,避免第一防护透气层过早产生氧化分解,同时通过在透光层的内部设置光稳定剂能够使透光层在光的辐射下,能排除或减缓光化学反应可能性,阻止或延迟透光层的老化过程,进而提高生物降解地膜结构的耐候性。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1为本发明结构示意图;
图2为本发明第一防护透气层的示意图;
图3为本发明透光层的示意图;
图4为本发明纤维层的示意图;
图5为本发明第二防护透气层的示意图;
图6为本发明结构的局部剖视图。
图中:1、第一防护透气层;2、透光层;3、纤维层;4、第二防护透气层;5、第一防护层;6、种植区;7、第二防护层;8、第一透光区;9、第二透光区;10、第三透光区。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明,而非对该发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与发明相关的部分。
本发明实施例中的附图:图中不同种类的剖面线不是按照国标进行标注的,也不对元件的材料进行要求,是对图中元件的剖视图进行区分。
请参阅图1-6,高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,包括第一防护透气层1,第一防护透气层1的下方设置有透光层2,透光层2的下方设置有交错分布的纤维层3,纤维层3的下方设置有第二防护透气层4,第一防护透气层1表面的两侧均设置有第一防护层5,第一防护透气层1的中部设置有种植区6,第二防护透气层4表面的两侧均设置有第二防护层7,第一防护透气层1位于种植区6的两侧均设置有第一透光区8,透光层2位于第一透光区8的下方设置有第二透光区9,第二防护透气层4位于第二透光区9的下方设置有第三透光区10,第一防护透气层1、透光层2、纤维层3和第二防护透气层4位于种植区6的位置设置有间隔分布的通孔,利用通孔以便于种植在种植区6下方的农作物顶破地膜进行生长,第一防护透气层1、透光层2和第二防护透气层4的材质均为聚乳酸PLA、聚己内酯PCL或聚羟基丁酸酯PUB,第一防护透气层1的表面涂覆有抗氧化涂层,且第一防护透气层1位于抗氧化涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层,利用防虫涂层能够防止害虫破坏第一防护透气层1,进而使得第一防护透气层1能够有效的对生物降解地膜结构位于土壤的表层进行防护,第一防护层5和第二防护层7的表面均涂覆有疏水涂层,利用疏水涂层能够避免第一防护层5和第二防护层7吸收土壤中的水份,防止第一防护层5和第二防护层7过早产生降解,且第一防护层5和第二防护层7位于疏水涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层。
其中,第一防护层5和第二防护层7均采用可降解的纤维制成,且第一防护层5和第二防护层7均采用压合粘黏的方式分别连接在第一防护透气层1和第二防护透气层4外部的两侧。
其中,纤维层3是由垂直分布的纤维丝编制而成,利用纤维层3能够增强生物降解地膜结构的抗拉强度,进而铺设和埋土时生物降解地膜结构不不易产生破裂损坏。
其中,透光层2的内部含有光稳定剂,且透光层2表面涂覆有疏水涂层,利用疏水涂层能够防止雨水对透光层2产生侵蚀,造成透光层2过早产生降解。
其中,第二防护透气层4的表面涂覆有疏水涂层,利用疏水涂层使得附着在第二防护透气层4表面的水滴不易聚集在第二防护透气层4的表面,进而水滴能够在重力的作用下掉落至土壤表面,能够减少水份的流失,且第二防护透气层4位于疏水涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层。
其中,第一透光区8、第二透光区9和第三透光区10所在的区域未涂覆涂层,通过第一透光区8、第二透光区9和第三透光区10的配合使用,使得外界的光易于穿透此位置的生物降解地膜结构,进而对地膜覆盖区域的土壤进行光照升温,同时此位置的生物降解地膜结构优先产生降解,使得雨水更容易通过此处渗入土壤当中对农作物进行浇灌。
地膜铺设时,将第二防护透气层4覆盖在土壤表面并将种植区6的位置放置于种植区,然后将土壤翻盖在第一防护层5的表面,本说明中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,本申请中所涉及的发明范围,并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案,同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下,由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。
Claims (6)
1.高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,包括第一防护透气层(1),其特征在于:所述第一防护透气层(1)的下方设置有透光层(2),所述透光层(2)的下方设置有交错分布的纤维层(3),所述纤维层(3)的下方设置有第二防护透气层(4),所述第一防护透气层(1)表面的两侧均设置有第一防护层(5),所述第一防护透气层(1)的中部设置有种植区(6),所述第二防护透气层(4)表面的两侧均设置有第二防护层(7),所述第一防护透气层(1)位于种植区(6)的两侧均设置有第一透光区(8),所述透光层(2)位于第一透光区(8)的下方设置有第二透光区(9),所述第二防护透气层(4)位于第二透光区(9)的下方设置有第三透光区(10),所述第一防护透气层(1)、透光层(2)、纤维层(3)和第二防护透气层(4)位于种植区(6)的位置设置有间隔分布的通孔,所述第一防护透气层(1)、透光层(2)和第二防护透气层(4)的材质均为聚乳酸(PLA)、聚己内酯(PCL)或聚羟基丁酸酯(PUB),所述第一防护透气层(1)的表面涂覆有抗氧化涂层,且第一防护透气层(1)位于抗氧化涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层,所述第一防护层(5)和第二防护层(7)的表面均涂覆有疏水涂层,且第一防护层(5)和第二防护层(7)位于疏水涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,其特征在于:所述第一防护层(5)和第二防护层(7)均采用可降解的纤维制成,且第一防护层(5)和第二防护层(7)均采用压合粘黏的方式分别连接在第一防护透气层(1)和第二防护透气层(4)外部的两侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,其特征在于:所述纤维层(3)是由垂直分布的纤维丝编制而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,其特征在于:所述透光层(2)的内部含有光稳定剂,且透光层(2)表面涂覆有疏水涂层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,其特征在于:所述第二防护透气层(4)的表面涂覆有疏水涂层,且第二防护透气层(4)位于疏水涂层的外侧涂覆有防虫涂层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高耐候性的生物降解地膜结构,其特征在于:所述第一透光区(8)、第二透光区(9)和第三透光区(10)所在的区域未涂覆涂层。
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