CN113795229A - 鼻塞 - Google Patents
鼻塞 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113795229A CN113795229A CN202080034275.0A CN202080034275A CN113795229A CN 113795229 A CN113795229 A CN 113795229A CN 202080034275 A CN202080034275 A CN 202080034275A CN 113795229 A CN113795229 A CN 113795229A
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Abstract
用于治疗受治疗者鼻出血的鼻塞(1)包括:主体(10),所述主体适于配合到所述受治疗者的鼻孔(2)中,所述主体(10)包括在使用期间被布置成面向内的第一端(11)以及被布置成面向外的第二端(12);中空管状构件(20),所述中空管状构件被设置在所述主体内部,并且所述中空管状构件包括在使用期间面向内的第一开口(21)以及面向外的第二开口(22);其中,所述管状构件(20)还包括套环(25),所述套环适于防止受治疗者的血液漏出所述鼻塞(1)的所述主体(10),并且其中,所述套环(25)被完全设置在所述主体(10)内部。
Description
技术领域
本解决方案涉及治疗鼻出血的鼻塞。
背景技术
鼻出血(也被称为鼻衄)是从鼻子流血的常见现象。其通常在血液通过鼻孔排出时被注意到。绝大多数鼻出血发生在鼻中隔的前部(前面部分)。被称为基塞尔巴赫丛(Kiesselbach’s plexus)的这个区域丰富地赋予有源自汇合(anastomosis)了四个动脉的血管。鼻后出血被称为后出血,通常是由于伍德拉夫丛(Woodruff's plexus)出血而引起的,伍德拉夫丛是位于下鼻道(inferior meatus)后部的静脉丛。后出血通常时间较长且难以控制。它们可能与来自两个鼻孔的出血以及与进入口中的更大血流相关联。
鼻出血可能是由于多种原因而发生的。一些最常见的原因包括挖鼻孔导致的外伤、钝伤(诸如机动车事故)或异物插入(更可能发生于儿童)。相对湿度(包括集中供热的建筑物)、呼吸道感染、慢性鼻窦炎,鼻炎或环境刺激物均可以引起炎症和鼻组织变薄,从而导致鼻出血的更大可能性。鼻出血的大多数原因是自限性的,并且不需要医疗。
大多数前鼻出血可以通过在鼻子外部施加直接压力来停止,这通过促进血凝块来帮助止血。然而,在长时间鼻出血的情况下,可能需要替代的治疗,诸如对血管进行化学烧灼,或者使用纱布或泡沫聚合物材料的鼻腔填塞(nasal packing),其通常采用塞子的形式,以增加鼻孔内部血管上的压力。尽管在阻止鼻出血方面有效,但是鼻腔填塞的缺点是也阻塞了空气通过鼻孔的通道,从而限制了患者通过鼻子进行呼吸的能力。因此,鼻腔填塞通常伴有不适且不适合长时间使用。WO 2018/076118公开了这种鼻塞。
与鼻腔填塞相关联的另一缺点是,在长时间使用之后,填塞材料可能变得饱和并且不能吸收更多的血液。这可能导致过量的血液从鼻孔中不希望地滴落。
WO 2010/085196公开了一种鼻塞,该鼻塞包括可以被卷起或压缩的材料,并且该材料此后可以抵靠鼻通道膨胀,从而产生抵靠鼻通道的压力。而且,该鼻塞具有用于空气通过的通孔/管子,以及便于鼻塞的插入和移除并且防止鼻塞被吸入咽中的台肩。
因此,需要一种克服现有技术缺点的改进的鼻塞。
发明内容
该解决方案的目的是解决至少一些上面概述的问题和难题。通过提供根据本公开的鼻塞可以实现这些和其它目的。
上述鼻塞可以根据不同的可选实施方式来进行配置和实现。根据下面的详细描述,该解决方案的进一步的可能特征和益处将变得明显。
根据第一方面,提供了一种用于治疗受治疗者鼻出血的鼻塞。该鼻塞包括:适于配合到受治疗者的鼻孔中的主体,该主体包括在使用期间被布置成面向内的第一端以及在使用期间被布置成面向外的第二端;中空管状构件,该中空管状构件被设置在主体内部,并且该中空管状构件包括在使用期间面向内的第一开口以及面向外的第二开口;其中,该管状构件还包括套环(collar),该套环适于防止受治疗者的血液漏出鼻塞的主体,并且其中,该套环被完全设置在主体内部。
通过提供其中设置有中空管状构件的主体,本公开提供了对鼻孔内部的血管施加压力以停止出血同时保持用于空气的开放通道以允许受治疗者无障碍地呼吸的双重解决方案。而且,该管状构件上的套环形成止挡件(stop),该止挡件有效地留住在饱和时从鼻塞的主体冒出的任何过量血液,从而防止滴落。这样,实现了紧凑的鼻塞。另外,套环的刚度使鼻塞的主体变稳定,并且还像伞一样起作用以将主体向外推,从而稳定和帮助在主体上施加向外的压力,这进而增加了施加在受治疗者鼻孔中的鼻出血部位上的压力。
在优选实施方式中,该主体包括凹部,该凹部适于接纳管状构件和套环。该凹部可以是大致圆柱形的,从而以紧贴配合(snug fit)的方式容纳管状构件。
在优选实施方式中,该管状构件的套环成杯状,并且凹侧面向主体的第一端,而凸侧面向主体的第二端。该套环的杯状形状形成了碗体,该碗体保持过量血液远离套环的边缘,以防止血液漏出。
在优选实施方式中,该管状构件从主体的第二端突出。因此,该管状构件的突出的第二(近)端提供了夹持部(grip),从而可使受治疗者能够在插入鼻孔和从鼻孔移除期间容易地操纵鼻塞。
在优选实施方式中,将该管状构件的第一端设置成邻近主体的第一端。换句话说,该主体比管状构件更向远侧延伸,使得该管状构件的第一最远端大致陷入主体中。通过将该管状构件设置成邻近主体的第一端,减小了在插入期间使鼻粘膜受伤的风险。
在优选实施方式中,该鼻塞的主体涂覆有要由受治疗者吸入的物质。该物质可以包括药物和/或芳香化合物,例如,促进止血的止血剂和/或薄荷醇,该薄荷醇具有冷静/镇定效果并且可以增加通过鼻孔的气流以及充当局部麻醉剂。当受治疗者通过鼻塞吸气时,空气穿过管状构件。结果,在第一开口附近形成局部真空,该局部真空起作用以将物质从鼻塞的主体中抽出,使得该物质与吸入的空气混合。
套环的附加优点是它防止了要被受治疗者吸入的物质离开鼻塞。当受治疗者通过鼻塞呼气时,空气再次穿过管状构件的第一开口。与吸入相反,鼻孔内部或鼻塞近侧的压力增加。然后,呼出的空气中的一小部分与该物质一起进入鼻塞的主体,但套环起作用以将该物质留在主体中。
在优选实施方式中,该主体是由弹性泡沫材料制成的。弹性泡沫材料吸收来自受治疗者的血液并且在插入鼻孔之后因该弹性泡沫材料的优异弹性性质而恢复到其原始形状,从而确保鼻塞在使用期间持续保持与鼻孔壁的紧密接触。
在优选实施方式中,套环在该套环的最宽横向延伸上的宽度大致等于或大于主体的宽度,使得套环在被设置在主体中时将伸展并将主体向外推。因此,套环的宽度将沿着横向延伸将主体向外推。因此,鼻塞撑抵着鼻孔的侧壁,并且增加了针对鼻出血部位(例如,基塞尔巴赫丛)的压力。
在优选实施方式中,该管状构件是由柔性热塑性材料制成的。管状构件的热塑性材料优选为比主体的材料稍硬,但仍足够柔韧以避免在插入和使用期间的损坏和不适。优选地,该管状构件是有弹性的,力求返回至其原始的笔直形状,以便为受治疗者提供呼吸通过的通道。
在优选实施方式中,该主体和/或套环的截面具有卵圆形形状。该卵圆形形状被布置成与鼻孔的形状一致,以在使用期间提供鼻塞的舒适的紧贴配合。
在优选实施方式中,该主体是成钟状的。该钟形形状被布置成与鼻孔的形状一致,以在使用期间提供鼻塞的舒适的紧贴配合。
本文所描述的各方面和实施方式可彼此自由组合。
附图说明
现在,参照附图,通过示例的方式对本解决方案进行描述,其中:
图1A和图1B是根据本公开的一个实施方式的鼻塞的管状构件的前立体图和侧立体图;
图2A和图2B是根据本公开的一个实施方式的具有管状构件的鼻塞的前剖视图和侧剖视图;
图3A和图3B是根据本公开的一个实施方式的具有管状构件的鼻塞的俯视图和仰视图;
图3C是根据本公开的一个实施方式的具有管状构件的鼻塞的截面图;以及
图4A和图4B是根据本公开的一个实施方式的鼻塞在被插入受治疗者的鼻孔的使用中的前剖面图和侧剖面图。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图,公开了本解决方案的不同实施方式的详细描述。本文中的所有示例均应被视为总体描述的部分,因此可以采用通用术语以任何方式来进行组合。可以组合或交换各种实施方式的单独特征,除非这种组合或交换是明显与该实现的总体功能相互矛盾的。
简要地说,本公开涉及一种鼻塞1,该鼻塞被设置成插入到受治疗者的鼻孔2中以便阻止鼻出血。在本公开的上下文中,术语“远侧”和“近侧”在涉及鼻塞1及其组件时应当从操纵鼻塞1的人的角度来加以解释,而不管患有鼻出血的受治疗者和操纵鼻塞1的人是同一个人还是不同的人。
在图1A和图1B中,分别示出了旨在与根据本公开的鼻塞1结合使用的管状构件20的前立体图和侧立体图。中空管状构件20包括大致圆筒形管子,该管子其第一端23具有第一开口21并且在其第二端24具有第二开口22。另外,管状构件20包括被布置在外表面上并向外延伸的套环25。在一个实施方式中,套环25的形状像杯子,并且凹侧26面向第一端23,而凸侧27面向第二端24。在一个实施方式中,套环25是卵圆形或椭圆形的,其中,当从图1A中的前方观察时,宽度由椭圆的短轴给出,而当从图1B中的侧方观察时,宽度由椭圆的长轴给出。即,套环25的最宽横向延伸对应于椭圆的长轴。在一个实施方式中,管状构件20包括柔性材料,例如,柔性但仍提供一定刚度的热塑性材料。
在图2A和图2B中,例示了如分别从前方和侧方观察时的根据本公开的鼻塞1。鼻塞1包括主体10以及被设置在主体10内部的中空管状构件20。主体10包括第一端11和第二端12,当将中空管状构件插入主体时,该第一端11和第二端12分别与中空管状构件20的第一端21和第二端22大致重合或对应。将主体10的第一端11布置成在使用期间被插入受治疗者的鼻孔2中时面向内。相反地,将第二端12布置成在使用期间面向外。这样,在鼻塞1的使用期间,管状构件20的第一开口21面向内,而第二开口22面向外。
如在图2A和图2B以及图3C中可以看到的,管状构件20的套环25配合到形成在主体10中并面向第二端12的凹部15中。套环25在凹部15中形成抵靠主体10的止挡件。凹部15可以具有窄的远侧圆筒形部分以及较宽的近侧部分,该远侧圆筒形部分与管状构件20紧贴配合,该近侧部分被成形为容纳套环25。
在一个实施方式中,主体10包括适于吸收来自受治疗者的液体(即,血液)的弹性泡沫材料。用于主体10的合适材料的示例包括:聚氨酯泡沫、聚醚泡沫、(聚)乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA/PEVA)泡沫、来自林业和农业副产品的基于有机纤维素或半纤维素的泡沫材料、以及特殊的编织棉(所谓的棉泡沫)。
在一个实施方式中,主体10涂覆有止血剂以促进血凝固并阻止出血。合适的止血剂的示例包括:天然存在于例如褐藻(即,海藻提取物)中的藻酸钙、甘氨酸、钙、高岭土、沸石、局部微纤维胶原、以及源自虾壳和其它海洋甲壳类动物的壳聚糖。
在一个实施方式中,主体10涂覆有要被受治疗者吸入的芳香化合物。合适的芳香化合物的示例包括:薄荷醇、薄荷、润滑油(诸如芝麻油)、芦荟或液体石蜡,其润滑鼻孔粘膜,以防止脱水和形成裂缝或裂纹并且降低再出血的风险。当受治疗者通过鼻塞1吸气时,空气穿过管状构件20。结果,在第一开口21附近形成局部真空,该局部真空起作用以将物质从鼻塞1的主体中10抽出,使得该物质与吸入的空气混合。
当受治疗者通过鼻塞1呼气时,空气再次穿过管状构件20的第一开口。与吸入相反,由于与鼻孔相比管状构件20的直径减小,因此,鼻孔中在鼻塞1近侧的压力增加。呼出的空气中的一小部分将与物质一起进入鼻塞1的主体10,但套环25起作用以将该物质留在主体10中。因此,套环25防止了要被受治疗者吸入的物质离开鼻塞1,而是将该物质留在主体10中。
在一个实施方式中,鼻塞1和/或主体10可以具有如图2A和图2B所例示的卵圆形截面,其中,鼻塞1的宽度在对应于套环25的长轴的横向延伸中较大,如图2B(侧视图)所示。在一个实施方式中,鼻塞1和/或主体10是具有大致圆筒形中央部分的钟状,其中,第一端11是大致半球形或圆顶状,第二端12向外张开。在一个实施方式中,对应于卵圆形状的长轴的套环25的宽度大致等于或大于主体10的宽度。因此,套环25在被插入凹部15中时将伸展并将主体10向外推。因此,鼻塞1将撑抵着鼻孔的侧壁,以增加针对出血部位(例如,基塞尔巴赫丛)的压力。
管状构件20和主体10具有大致相等的长度,但是在一个实施方式中,管状构件20从主体10稍微偏移,使得管状构件20的第一端23被布置成接近主体10的第一端11,并且第一开口21陷入主体10中。这样,管状构件20的第二(远)端23在插入期间被屏蔽在鼻塞1的主体10内部,以减小损伤鼻粘膜的风险。在一个实施方式中,管状构件20从主体10的第二端12突出,即,管状构件20的第二(近)端24比主体10更向近侧延伸,以在插入鼻孔2和从鼻孔2移除期间操纵鼻塞1时提供夹持部。
图3A和图3B示出了从上方(图3A)和下方(图3B)看到的鼻塞1。注意,套环25仅从下方可见。图3C以截面示出了鼻塞1。
现在,转至图4A和图4B,分别以正视图和侧视图示出了根据本公开的鼻塞1被插入受治疗者的鼻子5的鼻孔2中。图4A例示了位于鼻中隔的前下部的、鼻孔2中的基塞尔巴赫丛3的粗略位置。如上提及,四个动脉在该区域中汇合形成血管丛。大约80%至90%的鼻出血发生在基塞尔巴赫丛中,这是因为它暴露于吸入气流的干燥作用和指甲抓伤的缘故。
根据本公开的鼻塞1提供对鼻出血的有效治疗在于,吸收主体10因该主体10的弹性性质而将直接压力施加至鼻出血的部位,并吸收离开伤口部位的血液。在过量和/或长时间出血的情况下,套环25形成止挡件,该止挡件有效地防止血液漏出主体10,并因此避免从饱和的鼻塞1滴落。另外,套环25像伞一样起作用以将主体10向外推,以稳定并帮助将压力施加在鼻孔2的壁上。
同时,管状构件20提供了用于空气的流体通道,即使将鼻塞1插入鼻孔2,该流体通道也使得受治疗者能够继续通过鼻子5呼吸。
尽管上面的描述包含了多个特殊性,但是这些不应被解释为限制本文所描述的概念的范围,而是仅仅提供对所描述的概念的一些举例说明的实施方式的例示。应意识到,目前所描述的概念的范围完全涵盖对于本领域技术人员显而易见的其它实施方式,并因此对目前所描述的概念的范围不构成限制。除非明确地这样规定,否则按单数对要素的引用并非意指“一个且只有一个”,而是意指“一个或更多个”。而且,装置或方法不必致力于通过目前所描述的概念来解决要被涵盖于此的每一个问题。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于治疗受治疗者的鼻出血的鼻塞(1),所述鼻塞包括:
主体(10),所述主体适于配合到所述受治疗者的鼻孔(2)中,所述主体(10)包括在使用期间被布置成面向内的第一端(11)以及被布置成面向外的第二端(12);
中空管状构件(20),所述中空管状构件被设置在所述主体内部,并且所述中空管状构件包括在使用期间面向内的第一开口(21)以及面向外的第二开口(22);
其中,所述管状构件(20)还包括套环(25),所述套环适于防止受治疗者的血液漏出所述鼻塞(1)的所述主体(10),并且其中,所述套环(25)被完全设置在所述主体(10)内部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鼻塞(1),其中,所述主体(10)包括凹部(15),所述凹部适于接纳所述管状构件(20)和所述套环(25)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的鼻塞(1),其中,所述管状构件(20)的所述套环(25)成杯状,并且凹侧(26)面向所述主体(10)的所述第一端(11),而凸侧(27)面向所述主体(10)的所述第二端(12)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的鼻塞(1),其中,所述管状构件(20)从所述主体(10)的所述第二端(12)突出。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的鼻塞(1),其中,所述管状构件(20)的第一端(23)被设置得邻近所述主体(10)的所述第一端(11)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的鼻塞(1),其中,所述鼻塞(1)的所述主体(10)涂覆有要由所述受治疗者吸入的物质。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的鼻塞(1),其中,所述主体(10)由弹性泡沫材料制成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的鼻塞(1),其中,所述套环(25)在所述套环(25)的最宽横向延伸上的宽度大致等于或大于所述主体(10)的宽度,使得所述套环(25)在被设置在所述主体(10)中时将伸展并将所述主体(10)向外推。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的鼻塞(1),其中,所述管状构件(20)由柔性热塑性材料制成。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的鼻塞(1),其中,所述主体(10)的截面和/或所述套环(25)的截面具有卵圆形形状。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的鼻塞(1),其中,所述主体(10)成钟状。
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CA3200610A1 (en) | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-19 | Susanne Ahnblad | Plug for insertion into the nose or ear of a subject for administering a fluid therapeutic agent |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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IL287862B1 (en) | 2024-04-01 |
CN113795229B (zh) | 2023-02-17 |
EP3968925A1 (en) | 2022-03-23 |
US20210015683A1 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
CA3139658A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
IL287862A (en) | 2022-01-01 |
CL2021002956A1 (es) | 2022-09-02 |
JP2022533573A (ja) | 2022-07-25 |
WO2020231317A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
AU2020274468A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
SE543493C2 (en) | 2021-03-09 |
KR20220007861A (ko) | 2022-01-19 |
MX2021013518A (es) | 2021-12-10 |
EA202192766A1 (ru) | 2022-02-11 |
PE20220888A1 (es) | 2022-05-30 |
SE1950566A1 (en) | 2020-11-14 |
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