CN113794847A - Multi-channel adjustable pulse signal source for electron multiplication CCD - Google Patents
Multi-channel adjustable pulse signal source for electron multiplication CCD Download PDFInfo
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- CN113794847A CN113794847A CN202111111192.XA CN202111111192A CN113794847A CN 113794847 A CN113794847 A CN 113794847A CN 202111111192 A CN202111111192 A CN 202111111192A CN 113794847 A CN113794847 A CN 113794847A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
- H04N25/745—Circuitry for generating timing or clock signals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multipath adjustable pulse signal source for an electron multiplying CCD (charge coupled device), which comprises an upper computer and a main control module connected with the upper computer, wherein the main control module is connected with the multipath adjustable pulse signal source; the host computer converts the set high and low level values into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to the main control module, the main control module controls the multi-channel pulse signal source to generate different time sequence waveforms to be supplied to the electron multiplication CCD circuit, the high and low level values of the pulse signal source are adjusted randomly through the host computer, the minimum setting precision reaches millivolt level, the waveform establishing time reaches nanosecond level, the high and low level of any path of EMCCD circuit pulse time sequence is conveniently set, and the optimal imaging effect is achieved. Each path of signal source has instantaneous heavy current driving capability, the driving requirement of high-frequency large capacitive load of the EMCCD circuit is met, the driving capability reaches hundreds of milliamperes, and the current range which can be reached by the output of a common operational amplifier is far exceeded. Meanwhile, each signal source has an overcurrent protection function, and damage to the driving circuit due to overlarge current is prevented.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of electron multiplication CCDs, in particular to a multi-channel adjustable pulse signal source for an electron multiplication CCD.
Background art:
an electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) technology belongs to the field of low-light-level imaging, and an EMCCD circuit has the advantages of high sensitivity, low noise, high quantum efficiency and the like. In order to enable the EMCCD circuit to work normally, a plurality of pulse signal sources with randomly adjustable amplitudes are needed, the pulse signal sources convert time sequence signals generated by the main control module into driving signals meeting the amplitude requirement of the EMCCD circuit, and driving signals such as a vertical transfer clock, a horizontal transfer clock and the like are provided for the circuit. Due to the manufacturing process problem of the EMCCD device, the working point voltages of each device are not completely consistent, and in order to obtain the best imaging effect, the signal source clock of each device needs to be set with high and low level values respectively. The high and low level values required by each path of signals output by the pulse signal source need to be adjusted in real time, and the multi-path adjustable signal source ensures that the EMCCD circuit can carry out parameter testing and graphic imaging and obtains the optimal imaging effect.
The conventional digital signal source can only meet the requirement of the level amplitude of an EMCCD driving signal, but because the input pin of the EMCCD is a high-capacity load (nF level), the EMCCD can not be directly driven by the conventional digital signal, otherwise, the rising edge of the waveform is slowed down due to overlong charging time, and the working frequency of the device is further influenced, so that the driving capacity of the peak current of the EMCCD pulse signal source needs to reach the ampere level, and the normal work of the circuit can be ensured. Meanwhile, because the peak driving current is too large, the EMCCD pulse signal source also needs to have an overcurrent protection function, so that the driving circuit is prevented from being damaged by too large working current.
Through searching the existing patent, the Chinese utility model patent 'a high stability linear adjustable power supply circuit for EMCCD drive' (patent number CN 205792237U) realizes an EMCCD direct current drive signal source, and the invention provides a real-time adjustable direct current drive signal for the EMCCD circuit, but can not provide the alternating current pulse signal required by the work of the EMCCD. The invention discloses a Chinese patent of a numerical control high-voltage multiplying circuit for an EMCCD (electro-magnetic discharge device) (patent number CN 104735370B), which comprises a direct-current level conversion circuit, a digital-to-analog conversion circuit and a push-pull driving circuit, provides the numerical control high-voltage multiplying circuit for the EMCCD, meets the multiplication stability, has the characteristics of miniaturization and low power consumption, does not solve the problem of capacitive load driving, and cannot provide instantaneous high-current driving capability.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of pulse signals in the prior art and provides a multipath adjustable pulse signal source for an EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge coupled device).
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multiplexed tunable pulsed signal source for an electron multiplying CCD, comprising:
the main control module is connected with the multi-path pulse adjustable signal source;
the host computer converts the set high and low level values into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to the main control module, and the main control module controls the multi-channel pulse signal source to generate different time sequence waveforms to be supplied to the electron multiplication CCD circuit.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the following further technical scheme can be provided:
each pulse signal source comprises two paths of DA conversion circuits and a shaping filter circuit which are connected with the main control module;
one path of DA conversion circuit is connected with an amplifying circuit, a triode current-expanding circuit and a pulse signal driving circuit of the high-level driving circuit in sequence;
the other path of DA conversion circuit is sequentially connected with an amplifying circuit of the low-level driving circuit, a triode current expansion circuit and a pulse signal driving circuit;
the shaping filter circuit is connected with the pulse signal driving circuit;
the clock pulse signal generated by the main control module is shaped by the shaping filter circuit and then transmitted to the pulse signal driving circuit, meanwhile, the main control module converts the high and low levels of a pulse signal source set by an upper computer into analog direct current levels through the DA conversion circuit, the analog direct current levels are subjected to level amplification through the amplifying circuit and current amplification through the current amplifying circuit, the amplified and current-amplified voltage is the high and low levels of the pulse signal source and is respectively connected to the pulse signal driving circuit, and the pulse driving circuit performs level conversion and current amplification on the clock signal output by the shaping filter circuit and then outputs the clock signal.
The amplifying circuit comprises an operational amplifier UP1A, wherein the positive end of the operational amplifier UP1A is connected with the output end VSP _ CH1 of a front-end DA converter through a resistor R188, the negative end of the operational amplifier UP1A is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the output end of UP1A through a capacitor C114, the other path is connected with one end of a resistor R198 and a capacitor C115, one end and the other end of the capacitor C115 are connected with an AGND end, and the output end VSP _ CH1 of the DA converter is connected with the negative end of UP1A through resistors R190 and R196;
UP1A is further connected to one end of capacitors C111 and C112, and the other end of capacitors C111 and C112 is connected to the AGND terminal.
The triode current expanding circuit comprises: the double-diode D2 is connected between the double-diode D2 and the output end of the operational amplifier UP1A, and further comprises a triode Q3, a triode Q5, a triode Q7, a triode Q9 and resistors R186, R192, R194 and R200, the base of the triode Q3 is connected with the positive electrode of the double-diode D2, the collector of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of the resistor R186, the other end of the resistor R186 is connected with the positive electrode of the double-diode D2, one path of the base of the triode Q5 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q3, the other path of the base of the triode Q5 is connected with the resistor R192 and the resistor R194, and the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected between the resistor R192 and the resistor R194;
the emitter of the triode Q7 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q5, the base of the triode Q7 is connected with one end of the resistor R194 and the emitter of the triode Q9, the collector of the triode Q7 is connected with the base of the triode Q9 and the negative electrode of the double diode D2, and the resistor R200 is further connected between the collector of the triode Q7 and the collector of the triode Q9.
The pulse signal driving circuit comprises a high-speed integrated driving chip DA1, wherein pins 1 and 5 of a DA1 are positive and negative poles of a power supply, pins 4 are grounded, and pins 8 and 6 of a DA1 are a high-level voltage input end and a low-level voltage input end;
four capacitors C3, C5, C7, C9 and an inductor L1 form a high-level direct-current filter network, one end of the inductor L1 is connected with a programmable high-level voltage, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with an 8-pin DA1, two ends of the inductor L1 are respectively connected with one end of two capacitors C3, C5, C7 and C9 in parallel, the other ends of the capacitors C3, C5, C7 and C9 are connected in parallel, and the programmable high-level voltage is output from a triode current expanding circuit;
four capacitors C4, C6, C8, C10 and an inductor L2 form a low-level direct-current filter network, one end of the inductor L2 is connected with a programmable low-level voltage, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with a pin 6 of DA1, two ends of the inductor L2 are respectively connected with one end of two capacitors C4, C6, C8 and C10 in parallel, the other ends of the capacitors C4, C6, C8 and C10 are connected in parallel, and the programmable low-level voltage is output from a triode current-spreading circuit;
a pin 7 of a DA1 is connected with a resistor R1 to output alternating current waveforms, the input waveforms are connected to a pin 3 of a DA1 through a resistor R2, the input waveforms are input by a main control module, one end of a reverse connection prevention diode VD1 is connected with an enabling end, the other end of the diode VD1 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a pin 2 of a DA1, the other path is connected to a pin 1 of the DA1 through a resistor R4, the pin 3 of a DA1 circuit is the enabling end, and the end is connected with an input load resistor R4.
The multi-channel adjustable pulse signal source for the EMCCD can simultaneously output the multi-channel pulse signal source with adjustable amplitude, and provides a clock pulse signal required by normal work for an EMCCD device. In order to enable the pulse signal source to drive a high-capacity load (nF level) of the input pin of the EMCCD, the pulse signal source needs to have strong instantaneous large-current driving capability.
After the digital waveform output by the main control module is shaped by the shaping filter circuit, the digital waveform needs to pass through the pulse signal driving circuit to provide driving capability. The adjustable pulse signal source has the main function of converting a time sequence signal generated by the main control module into a clock driving signal meeting the amplitude requirement of the EMCCD, and meanwhile, each path of pulse signal source needs to provide high-speed heavy-current driving for driving an EMCCD high-frequency large capacitive load (nF level), and the high and low levels of the pulse signal source also need to be adjustable in real time.
Because the driving current is larger at the moment of starting the EMCCD device, in order to prevent the output current from exceeding the threshold value, the pulse signal source is designed with an overcurrent protection function, and the signal source is prevented from being damaged by the output overcurrent. The pulse signal source adopts a modular design and can be expanded arbitrarily according to the working requirements of different EMCCDs.
In order to realize the adjustability of the high and low levels of the signal source, the high and low levels of the pulse signal source need to be respectively set through an upper computer, the upper computer converts the set high and low level values into digital signals, and then the main control module converts the digital signals into analog direct current levels through a DA conversion circuit. Because the voltage of the pulse signal source required by the EMCCD circuit is larger than the voltage limit capacity output by the DA converter, in order to expand the voltage range output by the DA conversion circuit and increase the capacity of output driving current, an amplifying circuit and a triode current-expanding circuit are respectively added behind the DA conversion circuit. The pulse signal driving circuit performs level conversion and current expansion on the driving signal output by the shaping filter circuit, and the current expansion circuit has a current-limiting protection function at the same time, so that the requirement of the EMCCD circuit on a clock pulse signal is met.
The invention has the advantages of
The multi-channel adjustable pulse signal source of the electron multiplication CCD can be used for randomly adjusting the high and low level values of the pulse signal source through an upper computer, the minimum setting precision reaches millivolt level, the waveform establishing time reaches nanosecond level, and the high and low level of any path of EMCCD circuit pulse time sequence is conveniently set so as to achieve the optimal imaging effect.
Each path of signal source has instantaneous heavy current driving capability, the driving requirement of high-frequency large capacitive load of the EMCCD circuit is met, the driving capability reaches hundreds of milliamperes, and the current range which can be reached by the output of a common operational amplifier is far exceeded. Meanwhile, each signal source has an overcurrent protection function, and damage to the driving circuit due to overlarge current is prevented.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a single-channel pulse-modulated signal source of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the amplifying circuit and the triode current-expanding circuit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pulse signal driving circuit of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
1. As shown in fig. 1, the multi-channel adjustable pulse signal source for an electron-multiplying CCD of the present invention includes a host computer, a main control module, and a multi-channel pulse adjustable signal source. The host computer converts the set high and low level values into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to the main control module, and the main control module controls the multi-channel pulse signal source to generate different time sequence waveforms to be supplied to the electron multiplication CCD circuit.
2. The single-path pulse signal source is shown in fig. 2:
the device comprises two paths of DA conversion circuits and a shaping filter circuit which are connected with a main control module;
one path of DA conversion circuit is connected with an amplifying circuit for driving a high level, a triode current expansion circuit and a pulse signal driving circuit in sequence;
the other path of DA conversion circuit is sequentially connected with an amplifying circuit for driving a low level, a triode current expansion circuit and a pulse signal driving circuit;
the shaping filter circuit is connected with the pulse signal driving circuit.
The clock pulse signal generated by the main control module is shaped by the shaping filter circuit and then transmitted to the pulse signal driving circuit, meanwhile, the main control module converts the high and low levels of a pulse signal source set by an upper computer into analog direct current levels through the DA conversion circuit, the analog direct current levels are subjected to level amplification through the amplifying circuit and current amplification through the current amplifying circuit, the amplified and current-amplified voltage is the high and low levels of the pulse signal source and is respectively connected to the pulse signal driving circuit, and the pulse driving circuit performs level conversion and current amplification on the clock signal output by the shaping filter circuit and then outputs the clock signal.
3. The amplifying circuit and the triode current-expanding circuit are shown in fig. 3, wherein the left half part of the diagram is a schematic diagram of the amplifying circuit, and the right half part of the diagram is a schematic diagram of the triode current-expanding circuit. VSP _ CH1 is the output of the front-end DA converter and is used to set the output level at the IF 1H. The amplifying circuit amplifies VSP _ CH1 voltage input by the DA converter by twice through positive feedback amplification of the operational amplifier UP1A, and the required level amplitude of an EMCCD clock pulse signal is met.
And C111 and C112 are filter capacitors at the power ends of the operational amplifiers and are used for filtering alternating current components in the power supply. The C115 capacitor plays a role in energy storage and filtering, because the IF1H is the output end of the triode current expanding circuit and is equivalent to the power supply of a rear-stage driving circuit, the C115 capacitor can store energy and avoid instantaneous operational amplifier voltage fluctuation. The function of the C114 capacitor is to prevent the operational amplifier from self-oscillating. The resistor R198 and the resistor R196 have the same resistance value, and have the function of dividing the output voltage IF1H by half, namely when the output IF1H voltage is twice of the negative input end of the UP1A2 pin of the operational amplifier, the input positive and negative of the operational amplifier are balanced, and the amplification function of the operational amplifier is doubled.
When the output end VSP _ CH1 of the DA converter is set to a predetermined value, the output of the operational amplifier will also increase dynamically because the positive input end voltage of the operational amplifier UP1A is greater than the negative input end voltage at this time and because the gain of the operational amplifier is very large, and in the dynamic adjustment process of the operational amplifier, the output of the IF1H end will be automatically adjusted to be twice the voltage of the VSP _ CH1, so that the positive and negative ends of the operational amplifier are in a balanced state, and the operational amplifier is in a stable twice amplification state.
The triode current-expanding circuit has the effect of improving the driving capability of the level to hundreds of milliamperes, far exceeds the current range which can be reached by the output of a common operational amplifier, and can meet the requirement of a pulse signal driving circuit at the rear stage for driving transient large current required by a large capacitor. The specific circuit is realized as follows:
in the current-expanding circuit, the output end of the pin UP1A1 of the operational amplifier is connected to a double diode D2, and the double diode D2 is used for preventing the cross distortion of the alternating current signal.
The two triodes Q3 and Q9 provide a current spreading function, when a load needs a large current, the current between the B stage and the E stage of the triode is increased, and the current between the C stage and the E stage is increased by multiple times according to the amplification factor of the triode, so that the output end IF1H directly obtains the large current from the power supply VCC or VSS, namely, the current spreading function is provided for the output IF 1H.
The transistors Q5 and Q7 work with the resistors R192 and R194 to play a role in protection. Taking the example that the values of the resistors R192 and R194 are selected to be 3 ohms, when the value current flowing through the resistors R192 and R194 exceeds 200mA, the voltage across the resistors R192 and R194 is about 0.6V, which is greater than the conduction voltages of the B-stage and the E-stage of the protection transistors Q5 and Q7, so as to conduct between the C-stage and the E-stage of the protection transistors Q5 and Q7, in this state, the voltage between the B-stage and the E-stage of the diffusion transistors Q3 and Q9 is reduced, the current between the C-stage and the E-stage is reduced, the diffusion transistors Q5 and Q7 are turned off to some extent and reduce the current output, and at the same time, a new low current balance state is maintained, so as to realize the output current protection function. For example, when the output current protection threshold of the current expansion transistor needs to be changed, the resistances of the resistors R192 and R194 need to be changed.
R186 and R200 are transistors that provide current to the base B of the current-spreading transistors Q3 and Q9.
4. The amplified program-controlled level is directly connected with a programmable high-level voltage or a programmable low-level voltage in the pulse signal driving circuit of fig. 4, and is finally applied to the EMCCD device to be tested in a state that the driver outputs high and low levels.
As shown in fig. 4, the high-speed integrated driving chip can meet the driving design requirement, and the EL7156 integrated chip is selected for performing level conversion and current expansion on the driving signal sent by the main control module. Pins 1 and 5 of the EL7156 integrated chip are power supply terminals, respectively providing a fixed positive power supply and a fixed negative power supply for the circuit, and pin 4 is grounded. Pins 8 and 6 of the EL7156 are a high-level voltage input terminal and a low-level voltage input terminal, four capacitors C3, C5, C7 and C9 and an inductor L1 form a dc filter network for filtering a dc level input to the pin 8, and the programmable high-level voltage is output from the triode current-spreading circuit in fig. 3. The four capacitors of C4, C6, C8 and C10 and the inductor L2 form a dc filter network, which is used to filter the dc level input to the 6 pins, the programmable high level voltage and the programmable low level voltage are output from the triode current-spreading circuit in fig. 3, the high and low levels of the adjustable pulse signal source can be set as required, the 7 pins of the EL7156 circuit output ac waveforms, the high and low levels of the ac waveforms are set by the levels of the 8 pins and the 6 pins, respectively, and the resistor R1 is a current-limiting resistor for outputting waveforms. The 2 feet of the EL7156 circuit is an input waveform end, a main control module inputs working waveforms, VD1 is an anti-reverse diode, and the working waveforms at the input end are converted into output waveforms with invariable frequency and high and low level programmable control through a driving chip EL 7156. The 3 pin of the EL7156 circuit is an enabling end, R4 is an input load resistor, R2 is a current limiting resistor, and the main control module controls whether the EL7156 chip works or not.
Claims (4)
1. A multiplexed tunable pulsed signal source for an electron multiplying CCD, comprising:
the main control module is connected with the multi-path pulse adjustable signal source;
the host computer converts the set high and low level values into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to the main control module, and the main control module controls the multi-channel pulse signal source to generate different time sequence waveforms to be supplied to the electron multiplication CCD circuit.
2. The multi-channel tunable pulsed signal source for an electron multiplying CCD as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
each pulse signal source comprises two paths of DA conversion circuits and a shaping filter circuit which are connected with the main control module;
one path of DA conversion circuit is connected with an amplifying circuit, a triode current-expanding circuit and a pulse signal driving circuit of the high-level driving circuit in sequence;
the other path of DA conversion circuit is sequentially connected with an amplifying circuit of the low-level driving circuit, a triode current expansion circuit and a pulse signal driving circuit;
the shaping filter circuit is connected with the pulse signal driving circuit;
the clock pulse signal generated by the main control module is shaped by the shaping filter circuit and then transmitted to the pulse signal driving circuit, meanwhile, the main control module converts the high and low levels of a pulse signal source set by an upper computer into analog direct current levels through the DA conversion circuit, the analog direct current levels are subjected to level amplification through the amplifying circuit and current amplification through the current amplifying circuit, the amplified and current-amplified voltage is the high and low levels of the pulse signal source and is respectively connected to the pulse signal driving circuit, and the pulse driving circuit performs level conversion and current amplification on the clock signal output by the shaping filter circuit and then outputs the clock signal.
3. The multiplex tunable pulse signal source for an electron multiplying CCD according to claim 1,
the amplifying circuit comprises an operational amplifier UP1A, wherein the positive end of the operational amplifier UP1A is connected with the output end VSP _ CH1 of a front-end DA converter through a resistor R188, the negative end of the operational amplifier UP1A is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the output end of UP1A through a capacitor C114, the other path is connected with one end of a resistor R198 and a capacitor C115, one end and the other end of the capacitor C115 are connected with an AGND end, and the output end VSP _ CH1 of the DA converter is connected with the negative end of UP1A through resistors R190 and R196;
the multiplex tunable pulse signal source for an electron multiplying CCD as recited in claim 2, comprising:
the triode current expanding circuit comprises: the double-diode D2 is connected between the double-diode D2 and the output end of the operational amplifier UP1A, and further comprises a triode Q3, a triode Q5, a triode Q7, a triode Q9 and resistors R186, R192, R194 and R200, the base of the triode Q3 is connected with the positive electrode of the double-diode D2, the collector of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of the resistor R186, the other end of the resistor R186 is connected with the positive electrode of the double-diode D2, one path of the base of the triode Q5 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q3, the other path of the base of the triode Q5 is connected with the resistor R192 and the resistor R194, and the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected between the resistor R192 and the resistor R194;
the emitter of the triode Q7 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q5, the base of the triode Q7 is connected with one end of the resistor R194 and the emitter of the triode Q9, the collector of the triode Q7 is connected with the base of the triode Q9 and the negative electrode of the double diode D2, and the resistor R200 is further connected between the collector of the triode Q7 and the collector of the triode Q9.
4. The multiplex tunable pulsed signal source for an electron multiplying CCD as claimed in claim 3, comprising:
the pulse signal driving circuit comprises a high-speed integrated driving chip DA1, wherein pins 1 and 5 of a DA1 are positive and negative poles of a power supply, pins 4 are grounded, and pins 8 and 6 of a DA1 are a high-level voltage input end and a low-level voltage input end;
four capacitors C3, C5, C7, C9 and an inductor L1 form a high-level direct-current filter network, one end of the inductor L1 is connected with a programmable high-level voltage, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with an 8-pin DA1, two ends of the inductor L1 are respectively connected with one end of two capacitors C3, C5, C7 and C9 in parallel, the other ends of the capacitors C3, C5, C7 and C9 are connected in parallel, and the programmable high-level voltage is output from a triode current expanding circuit;
four capacitors C4, C6, C8, C10 and an inductor L2 form a low-level direct-current filter network, one end of the inductor L2 is connected with a programmable low-level voltage, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with a pin 6 of DA1, two ends of the inductor L2 are respectively connected with one end of two capacitors C4, C6, C8 and C10 in parallel, the other ends of the capacitors C4, C6, C8 and C10 are connected in parallel, and the programmable low-level voltage is output from a triode current-spreading circuit;
a pin 7 of a DA1 is connected with a resistor R1 to output alternating current waveforms, the input waveforms are connected to a pin 3 of a DA1 through a resistor R2, the input waveforms are input by a main control module, one end of a reverse connection prevention diode VD1 is connected with an enabling end, the other end of the diode VD1 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a pin 2 of a DA1, the other path is connected to a pin 1 of the DA1 through a resistor R4, the pin 3 of a DA1 circuit is the enabling end, and the end is connected with an input load resistor R4.
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