CN113794046B - Disc cone communication antenna capable of beam forming - Google Patents
Disc cone communication antenna capable of beam forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN113794046B CN113794046B CN202111094012.1A CN202111094012A CN113794046B CN 113794046 B CN113794046 B CN 113794046B CN 202111094012 A CN202111094012 A CN 202111094012A CN 113794046 B CN113794046 B CN 113794046B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/102—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are of convex toroïdal shape
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Abstract
The invention discloses a disk cone communication antenna capable of beam forming, which comprises a feed balun, an antenna radiator, an antenna reflection cavity and an arc-shaped antenna directional radiator, wherein the feed balun is of a coaxial line structure and receives electromagnetic waves through an external interface, the antenna radiator is of a conical shape, the small end of the antenna radiator is connected with an inner conductor of an output end of the feed balun, the antenna reflection cavity is connected with an outer conductor of the output end of the feed balun, the antenna directional radiator is connected between the edge of the large end of the antenna radiator and the antenna reflection cavity and is of an arc shape, and the arc-shaped curved surface of the antenna directional radiator is matched with the curvature of the edge of the large end of the antenna radiator. The invention realizes that one antenna covers L, S, C wave bands, has the characteristic of ultra wide band, solves the defects of frequency division bands and multiple antennas in the prior communication technology, and adopts the beam forming technology to ensure that the beam width can be optimized according to corresponding parameters according to the technical requirements to meet the requirements of corresponding wide beams.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication antennas, in particular to a discone communication antenna capable of beam forming.
Background
With the rapid and continuous development of domestic economy, and the evolution of innovation, the communications industry has undergone tremendous changes, which are well known. The advance of communication technology and economic benefit makes the communication industry become one of the largest industries in China, and in order to adapt to the development of the emerging industry, the nation also carries out major institutional reform in the communication field. With the evolution of communications itself towards the information economy, information is in fact the lifeline of modern economies. Therefore, communication has become a key factor for the continued development of business and industry, and even other industries such as agriculture. In the field of communications, mobile communications have been more dazzlingly developed, and people have not been satisfied with processing information streams in fixed locations. Communication is also required during travel, vacation, visit, etc., and thus mobile communication has been promised, which will be well developed and successfully developed by engineers. The users of the domestic largest GSM cellular mobile network are more than twenty million; in order to realize the ambitious goal of village telephone communication, the wireless access system is developed vigorously, and information guarantee is provided for the economic development of villages, especially remote villages. New technologies and new devices for mobile communication are new and have provided unprecedented demands for antenna designers. Antenna designers must develop small, even electronic, antennas to accommodate modern technology. However, there is a need for an antenna designer that does not stay with such designs, and advanced antenna designs that enable the antenna to perform additional system functions, such as diversity reception, selection functions to reduce multipath fading, or polarization characteristics, etc. In particular, the design of a mobile antenna is not limited to the realization of a miniaturized, lightweight, thin-profile omnidirectional antenna on a well-defined flat base surface, but rather a complex electromagnetic structure is established, which plays an important role in wireless channels and becomes an organic part of the system design, relating to propagation characteristics, local environmental conditions, system composition and performance, signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth characteristics, mechanical structure of the antenna itself, adaptability of the fabrication technology, convenience of use and installation, and the like. The variety of mobile systems themselves also has a large impact on antenna design, with large differences between terrestrial, sea, sky and satellite systems.
In order to meet the requirements of modern communication equipment, the development of antennas is mainly performed towards several aspects, namely, reducing the size of the antenna, expanding the bandwidth and multi-band operation, improving the gain of the antenna, and the like. As the integration of electronic devices increases, the size of communication devices becomes smaller and smaller, and the size of antennas is reduced. However, reducing the size of an antenna while not significantly affecting the gain and efficiency of the antenna is a difficult task, and the increased integration of electronic devices often requires one antenna to support two or more wireless frequency band services over a wider frequency range, and bandwidth and multi-band antennas can meet such requirements.
Therefore, the miniaturization, multi-band and high-gain realization of the communication antenna is a key technology and difficulty in the development of communication equipment, and the communication antenna is difficult to meet the requirements of multi-band, miniaturization and high gain at the same time at present and severely restricts the development of the integration level of the communication equipment from being analyzed from domestic and foreign documents.
The defects and shortcomings of the prior art are as follows:
1. the existing communication antenna can not simultaneously meet the requirements of miniaturization, multiband and high gain;
2. the antenna of traditional discoid form is high, can not adapt to present electronic equipment integrated level and improve the high requirement to equipment volume.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a disc-cone communication antenna capable of realizing beam forming with higher control precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a disc cone communication antenna capable of beam forming comprises a feed balun, an antenna radiator and an antenna directional radiator, wherein the feed balun is of a coaxial line structure and receives electromagnetic waves through an external interface, the antenna radiator is of a conical shape, a small end of the antenna radiator is connected with an inner conductor of an output end of the feed balun, the antenna reflective cavity is of a disc shape and is connected with an outer conductor of the output end of the feed balun, the antenna directional radiator is connected between a large end edge of the antenna radiator and the antenna reflective cavity and is of an arc shape, an arc-shaped curved surface of the antenna directional radiator is matched with the curvature of the large end edge of the antenna radiator, electromagnetic waves form current on the surface of the antenna radiator and form electromagnetic field distribution under the combined action of the electromagnetic waves and the antenna reflective cavity, the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna is adjusted through the antenna directional radiator, the beam forming function of the antenna is achieved, and the radiation of the electromagnetic waves is completed.
Specifically, the feed balun adopts an over-mode excitation mode to transmit a TEM mode, a higher-order mode is excited at the tail end of the antenna radiator, a reflected wave is generated, the antenna excitation state is in a mixed state of the TEM mode and the higher-order mode, the superposition of a TEM fundamental mode and the higher-order mode leads to the dependence of a radiation field on an azimuth angle, and the polarization of the field is in a vertical direction.
Further, a plurality of concentric choking rings are arranged on the antenna reflection cavity.
Specifically, the height H2 of the choke ring is configured to be 0.1 × λmax≤H2≤0.25*λmaxWherein λ ismaxThe maximum wavelength in the working frequency band of the antenna; the diameter of the choke ring is used for blocking surface current of the antenna reflection cavity, reducing diffraction of electromagnetic waves generated on the E surface of the antenna along the surface of the reflection cavity, controlling and adjusting the shape of a pattern on the E surface of the antenna, and improving the level of the antennaThe gain in direction.
Further, the side of the conical shape of the antenna radiator is configured as a curved surface based on an exponential curve function in the axial direction.
Further, the expression of the exponential curve function is as follows:
F(x)＝A*exp(Bx2+Cx+D)+E
where f (x) is the function value of the argument x, A, B, C, D are all set constants, and a is related to the large end circular radius of the antenna radiator, and E is the smoothness parameter of the tuning curve.
Specifically, the diameter D1 of the large end of the antenna radiator is used for controlling the working frequency band of the antenna and improving the impedance matching of the antenna, and the configuration is that D1 is more than or equal to 0.2 lambdamaxThe height H1 between the small end and the large end of the antenna radiator is used for controlling the working frequency band of the antenna, and the height H1 is not less than 0.2 lambdamaxWherein λ ismaxThe maximum wavelength in the working frequency band of the antenna; the small end diameter D2 and the height H3 between the small end and the antenna reflection cavity of the antenna radiator are used for controlling the antenna matching characteristic and adjusting the antenna impedance characteristic.
Specifically, the disc-shaped outer diameter D3 of the antenna reflection cavity is used for controlling the working frequency band of the antenna and controlling the E-surface pattern shape of the antenna, and is configured to D3 ≥ 0.25 x lambdamaxWherein λ ismaxThe maximum wavelength in the working frequency band of the antenna.
Specifically, the antenna directional radiator is configured to be an arc-shaped three-dimensional structure formed by rotating a cross-section plane in the Y-axis direction around the Y-axis, the lower end of the cross-section plane in the Y-axis direction is flush with the upper surface of the antenna reflection cavity, the length L of the cross-section plane is D1/2-R1, the upper end of the cross-section plane is in a wedge shape of a matching exponential curve function F (x), two sides of the cross-section plane are perpendicular to the upper surface of the antenna reflection cavity, the angle alpha of the rotation around the Y-axis is configured to be more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 150 degrees, D1 is the diameter of the large end of the antenna radiator, R1 is the gap between the antenna directional radiator and the antenna radiator, and R1 is more than or less than D1/2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts the cooperation of the conical antenna radiator, the disk-shaped antenna reflection cavity and the antenna directional radiator, effectively realizes that one antenna covers L, S, C wave bands, has the characteristic of ultra wide band, solves the defects of frequency division and multi-antenna in the prior communication technology, and adopts the beam forming technology to ensure that the beam width can be optimized according to corresponding parameters according to technical requirements to meet the requirement of corresponding wide beams, thereby realizing the beam shape of controllable electromagnetic waves. The invention has the advantages of ingenious design, simple structure and convenient use, has the functions of wide wave beam and high gain, and is suitable for being applied to communication antennas.
(2) The antenna reflection cavity adopts the choke ring design, can control and adjust the beam shape of the antenna, achieves the purpose of improving the gain value of the antenna in the horizontal direction during radiation, and realizes the improvement of the communication distance of communication equipment.
(3) The invention adopts the curve exponential curve function to replace the existing straight line mode to improve the appearance of the antenna radiator, can further reduce the height of the antenna by 20 percent, has the characteristics of super-width and miniaturization, and can be conveniently transplanted to a related communication platform for use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of an antenna radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic side sectional structural view of an antenna reflection cavity in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of an antenna reflector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an antenna test pattern for one parameter of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an antenna test pattern for another parameter of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the antenna for discone communication capable of beamforming includes a feeding balun 1 of a coaxial line structure for receiving electromagnetic waves through an external interface, an antenna radiator 2 of a conical shape having a small end connected to an inner conductor of an output end of the feeding balun, an antenna reflection cavity 3 of a circular disc shape connected to an outer conductor of the output end of the feeding balun, and an antenna directional radiator 4 of an arc shape connected between a large end edge of the antenna radiator and the antenna reflection cavity, wherein an arc-shaped curved surface of the antenna directional radiator matches a curvature of the large end edge of the antenna radiator, the antenna reflection cavity is configured with a plurality of concentric choke rings 5, and in this embodiment, 2 choke rings may be configured. Electromagnetic waves enter the feed balun 1 through an external interface and are communicated to the antenna radiator 2 from an inner conductor of the feed balun 1, the electromagnetic waves form current on the surface of the antenna radiator 2 and can form electromagnetic field distribution under the combined action of the electromagnetic waves and the antenna reflection cavity 3, the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna is adjusted through the antenna directional radiator 4, the function of shaping antenna beams is achieved, and the radiation of the electromagnetic waves is finally completed.
The antenna structure transmits a TEM mode, but the antenna is in an infinite length structure, a higher-order mode is excited at the tail end of an antenna radiator 2 to generate a reflected wave, the feed balun 1 adopts an over-mode excitation mode, at the moment, the antenna excitation state is in a mixed state of the TEM mode and the higher-order mode, the superposition of a TEM fundamental mode and the higher-order mode leads to the dependence of a radiation field on an azimuth angle, and the polarization of the field is in a vertical direction. The antenna radiator 2, the antenna reflection cavity 3 and the antenna directional radiator 4 cooperate to form electromagnetic wave radiation, and the beam shape of the electromagnetic wave can be controlled.
In the discone communication antenna, the side of the antenna radiator 2 adopts a mode of replacing a traditional straight line with an exponential curve function, and the appearance structure of the antenna radiator 2 is controlled, adjusted and optimized through the exponential curve function, so that the ultra-wideband radiation and the miniaturization design capability can be realized compared with the communication antenna in the traditional mode, and the height of the antenna section can be reduced by 20%. By adjusting the structure of the choke rings in the reflecting cavity, the beam shape of the antenna can be controlled and adjusted, the gain value of the antenna in the horizontal radiation is improved, and the communication distance of communication equipment is improved. The structure of the antenna directional radiator 4 is controlled to control the optimization factor, so that the functions of wide wave beam and high gain are realized, and the aim of improving the communication distance is further fulfilled.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the feeding balun 1 is installed on the lower surface of the antenna reflection cavity 3, the inner conductor of the feeding balun 1 passes through the center of the antenna reflection cavity 3 and is connected to the bottom of the antenna radiator 2 located above the reflection cavity, the antenna directional radiator 4 is installed on any side of the antenna radiator 2, the lower surface of the antenna directional radiator 4 is connected to the upper surface of the antenna reflection cavity 3, the upper surface of the antenna directional radiator is a curved surface and completely coincides with the curvature of the side surface of the antenna radiator 2, and the upper surface of the antenna directional radiator is connected to the side edge of the antenna radiator.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, for the implementation of the antenna radiator 2, it is conical, the top (large end) circular diameter is D1, the bottom (small end) circular diameter is D2, the top-to-bottom height is H1, the bottom distance from the reflection cavity 3 is H3, in the traditional design, the side of the antenna radiator is set to be straight, in the present invention, the side of the antenna radiator 2 adopts an exponential curve function to replace straight, which can effectively increase the radiation bandwidth of the antenna, ensure the ultra-wideband performance of the antenna, and secondly adopts an exponential curve function to replace straight, which can also reduce the height of the antenna and reduce the size of the antenna, the design of the traditional antenna radiator is usually a quarter wavelength of the working frequency, but the invention adopts an exponential curve function to optimize the structural design and then can reduce the height of the antenna radiator to a fifth wavelength of the working frequency, namely, the effect of reducing the height by 20% is achieved.
The exponential curve function in the present invention adopts the following expression:
F(x)＝A*exp(Bx2+Cx+D)+E
wherein f (x) is a function value of the independent variable x, A, B, C, D is a set constant, a is related to the radius of the large end of the antenna radiator, B, C, D can be adjusted according to design requirements, the value mainly determines the structural shape of the antenna radiator, E is a smoothness parameter of an adjustment curve, and the value can be 0.01-0.06 according to engineering experience.
The diameter D1 of the large end of the antenna radiator is used for controlling the working frequency band of the antenna and improving the impedance matching of the antenna, and the configuration is that D1 is more than or equal to 0.2 lambdamaxThe height H1 between the small end and the large end of the antenna radiator is used for controlling the working frequency band of the antenna, and the height H1 is not less than 0.2 lambdamaxWherein λ ismaxThe maximum wavelength in the working frequency band of the antenna; the small end diameter D2 and the height H3 between the small end and the antenna reflection cavity of the antenna radiator are used for controlling the antenna matching characteristic and adjusting the antenna impedance characteristic.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, for the implementation of the antenna reflection cavity 3, the configuration of the antenna reflection cavity is integrally formed by a circular flat plate and two choke rings, the diameter D3 of the circular flat plate is used for controlling the working frequency band of the antenna and controlling the E-surface pattern shape of the antenna, and the configuration is that D3 ≧ 0.25 λmaxWherein λ ismaxIs the maximum wavelength within the working frequency band of the antenna. The diameters of the two choke rings from the inside to the outside are D4 and D5, respectively, and the height H2 is configured to be 0.1 lambdamax≤H2≤0.25*λmaxWherein λ ismaxThe maximum wavelength in the working frequency band of the antenna; the diameter of the choke ring is used for blocking surface current of the antenna reflection cavity, diffraction of electromagnetic waves generated on the surface of the antenna E along the surface of the reflection cavity is reduced, the shape of a directional diagram of the surface of the antenna E is controlled and adjusted, and gain of the antenna in the horizontal direction is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, for the implementation of the antenna directional radiator 4, the present embodiment gives its geometry as a function of its specific wedge-shaped structure control optimization factor: the antenna directional radiator is configured into an arc-shaped three-dimensional structure formed by rotating a section plane in the Y-axis direction around the Y axis; the lower end of the section plane in the Y-axis direction is flush with the upper surface of the antenna reflection cavity, the length L of the section plane is D1/2-R1, the upper end of the section plane is in a wedge shape of a matching exponential curve function F (x), two side edges of the section plane are perpendicular to the upper surface of the antenna reflection cavity, D1 is the diameter of the large end of the antenna radiator, R1 is the gap between the antenna directional radiator and the antenna radiator, and R1 is more than 0 and less than D1/2. The angle alpha of the rotation around the Y axis is configured to be more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 150 degrees, the rotation angle mainly controls the shape of the antenna in the direction of the H surface, the larger the rotation angle is, the stronger the directionality of the antenna is, the higher the axial gain is, otherwise, the smaller the rotation angle is, the lower the directionality of the antenna is, the lower the axial gain of the antenna is, and the width of the H surface beam is increased.
In an electromagnetic field simulation software environment, a three-dimensional structure model of the antenna is established according to a given optimization function, an electromagnetic algorithm is calculated by combining finite elements of the electromagnetic field simulation software, and electromagnetic field boundary conditions are set in the software to meet the electromagnetic environment conditions of the actual antenna, so that the optimal values of all parameters of the antenna can be calculated. And the deviation of the electromagnetic simulation software can be corrected by combining with the actual requirements of engineering. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the directional diagrams of a certain frequency point in the L frequency band and the S frequency band are respectively shown, two curves in the diagrams are respectively a vertical plane directional diagram and a horizontal plane directional diagram, and antenna parameters corresponding to the directional diagrams are as follows:
A＝0.5；B＝0.0011；C＝0.02；D＝0.1676；E＝5.5；
D1＝80mm；H1＝55mm；D2＝6.09mm；H3＝5mm；R1＝15mm；α＝90°；
D3＝120mm；H2＝20mm；D4＝85mm；D5＝105mm。
the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but all changes that can be made by applying the principles of the present invention and performing non-inventive work on the basis of the principles shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A disk cone communication antenna capable of beam forming is characterized by comprising a feed balun in a coaxial line structure for receiving electromagnetic waves through an external interface, an antenna radiator in a conical shape with a small end connected with an inner conductor at the output end of the feed balun, an antenna reflection cavity in a disk shape connected with an outer conductor at the output end of the feed balun, and an arc-shaped antenna directional radiator connected between the large end edge of the antenna radiator and the antenna reflection cavity, wherein the arc-shaped curved surface of the antenna directional radiator is matched with the curvature of the edge of the large end of the antenna radiator, the electromagnetic wave forms current on the surface of the antenna radiator and forms electromagnetic field distribution under the combined action of the electromagnetic wave and the antenna reflection cavity, the antenna directional radiator is used for adjusting the distribution of the electromagnetic field of the antenna, so that the function of shaping the antenna beam is realized, and the radiation of the electromagnetic wave is completed;
the conical shape of the side of the antenna radiator is configured as a curved surface based on an exponential curve function in the axial direction, the expression of the exponential curve function being as follows:
F(x)＝A*exp(Bx2+Cx+D)+E
wherein, f (x) is a function value of the independent variable x, A, B, C, D are all set constants, a is related to the large-end circular radius of the antenna radiator, and E is a smoothness parameter of the adjusting curve;
the antenna directional radiator is configured to be an arc-shaped three-dimensional structure formed by rotating a section plane in the Y-axis direction around the Y-axis, the lower end of the section plane in the Y-axis direction is flush with the upper surface of the antenna reflection cavity, the length L of the section plane is D1/2-R1, the upper end of the section plane is in a wedge shape of a matching exponential curve function F (x), two side edges of the section plane are perpendicular to the upper surface of the antenna reflection cavity, the angle alpha of the rotation around the Y-axis is configured to be more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 150 degrees, D1 is the diameter of the large end of the antenna radiator, R1 is the gap between the antenna directional radiator and the antenna radiator, and R1 is more than 0 and D1/2 is more than or less than 0.
2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feed balun transmits a TEM mode in an over-mode excitation mode, and excites a higher-order mode at the end of the antenna radiator to generate a reflected wave, so that the antenna excitation state is a mixed state of the TEM mode and the higher-order mode, and the superposition of the TEM fundamental mode and the higher-order mode results in the dependence of the radiation field on the azimuth angle, and the polarization of the field is in the vertical direction.
3. The beamformed discone communication antenna of claim 1, wherein a plurality of concentric chokes are disposed on the antenna reflector cavity.
4. The beamformed discone communication antenna of claim 3, wherein the choke loop height H2 is configured to be 0.1 x λmax≤H2≤0.25*λmaxWhereinλmaxThe maximum wavelength in the working frequency band of the antenna; the diameter of the choke ring is used for blocking surface current of the antenna reflection cavity, diffraction of electromagnetic waves generated on the surface of the antenna E along the surface of the reflection cavity is reduced, the shape of a directional diagram of the surface of the antenna E is controlled and adjusted, and gain of the antenna in the horizontal direction is improved.
5. The disc-cone communication antenna capable of beamforming according to claim 1, wherein the large end diameter D1 of the antenna radiator is configured to control the antenna operating frequency band and improve the antenna impedance matching, and D1 ≧ 0.2 λ ≧ λmaxThe height H1 between the small end and the large end of the antenna radiator is used for controlling the working frequency band of the antenna, and the height H1 is not less than 0.2 lambdamaxWherein λ ismaxThe maximum wavelength in the working frequency band of the antenna; the small end diameter D2 and the height H3 between the small end and the antenna reflection cavity of the antenna radiator are used for controlling the antenna matching characteristic and adjusting the antenna impedance characteristic.
6. The beamforming discone communication antenna according to claim 1, wherein the outer diameter D3 of the discoid shape of the antenna reflection cavity is used for controlling the antenna operating frequency band and controlling the antenna E-plane pattern shape, and is configured as D3 ≧ 0.25 λ ≧ λmaxWherein λ ismaxThe maximum wavelength in the working frequency band of the antenna.
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| CN103904408B (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2016-08-31 | 西安电子科技大学昆山创新研究院 | Stable phase angle center measurement type antenna |
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