CN209822869U - Coaxial transmission line directional antenna - Google Patents
Coaxial transmission line directional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN209822869U CN209822869U CN201920482222.XU CN201920482222U CN209822869U CN 209822869 U CN209822869 U CN 209822869U CN 201920482222 U CN201920482222 U CN 201920482222U CN 209822869 U CN209822869 U CN 209822869U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a coaxial transmission line directional antenna, which comprises a feed balun, an antenna reflecting plate and an antenna radiator; the feed balun is composed of a gradient coaxial transmission line and is connected with the antenna radiator and an external interface; the antenna reflector plate is formed by a coaxial transmission line outer conductor according to a preset deformation structure, and mainly coacts with the antenna radiator to control the shape of the antenna radiation beam; the antenna radiator is formed by opening a slot with a preset shape on the surface of an outer conductor by a coaxial transmission line, is used for forming an antenna electromagnetic wave radiation field mode, and plays a role in converting the field mode and a free space and determining the shape of an antenna radiation directional diagram. The utility model discloses can effectually satisfy the requirement that covers UHF wave band and L wave band simultaneously, have miniaturized structure and broadband, wide beam and high-gain's radiation characteristic.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of a microwave antenna technique and specifically relates to a coaxial transmission line directional aerial.
Background
In modern war, the application of large amount of accurate guided weapons and long-range attack weapons not only requires that the radar system can quickly and accurately capture the target, but also can quickly, accurately and reliably identify the friend or foe attribute of the searched target, and distinguish friend or foe so as to avoid causing accidental injury to own party in the war. Therefore, with the development of identification communication technology and the new requirements of modern war on identification technology, the identification countermeasure technology of friend or foe has become an important research subject in the field of electronic countermeasures.
In the process of identifying and confronting by the enemy and the my, signal reconnaissance is the basis and the premise of confronting, and the reconnaissance performance requirement analysis of the identifying and confronting system of the enemy and the my mainly aims at technical and tactical indexes such as the interception capability, the working frequency band in electronic warfare equipment, the airspace coverage range, the system sensitivity and the like. If the spy of the enemy-me identification system is to be realized, a receiver with a wider frequency band is needed to completely receive the signal. Therefore, wideband or ultra-wideband requirements are placed on the operating bandwidth of the friend or foe identification scout antenna. However, when designing an identification and reconnaissance system, the sensitivity of the system is higher and higher to achieve a longer combat distance and a wide airspace coverage, and therefore, the gain requirement of the direction-finding reconnaissance antenna is very strict in the identification and reconnaissance system with the direction-finding positioning function. With the increasing demand of enemy identification of electronic countermeasures for portable mobility and the requirement of concealment of combat reconnaissance, the miniaturization and low-profile requirements of direction finding reconnaissance antennas are also key technologies for the current devices to be in need of attack.
Thus, the performance and size requirements for antennas in electronic countermeasures friend or foe identification devices are key technology and difficulties in such devices today. According to the analysis of domestic and foreign documents, at present, the identification direction-finding reconnaissance antenna for the enemy and the my is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of broadband characteristics, low profile, miniaturization, wide beam and high gain for covering UHF and L wave bands. This severely limited the development of electronic countermeasure identification devices.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Utility model purpose: a coaxial transmission line directional antenna is provided for an electronic countermeasures enemy and direction-finding reconnaissance device, so that the coaxial transmission line directional antenna has a miniaturized structure and broadband, wide beam and high-gain radiation characteristics. The requirement that the electronic countermeasures enemy-me identification direction-finding reconnaissance equipment covers a UHF wave band and an L wave band simultaneously is met, development and design of the electronic countermeasures enemy-me identification direction-finding reconnaissance equipment are facilitated, and the use efficiency of the electronic countermeasures enemy-me identification direction-finding reconnaissance equipment in platform battles is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: a coaxial transmission line directional antenna comprising:
the feed balun is composed of a gradient coaxial transmission line, is provided with two feed ports and is connected with the antenna radiator and the external interface;
the antenna reflector is formed by a three-dimensional shape formed by tangency of a coaxial line outer conductor of a preset deformation structure and a hemisphere, is installed on one side of the bottom of the antenna radiator, is fixedly connected with the antenna radiator through a screw, and surrounds one side of the bottom of the antenna reflector;
and the antenna radiator is formed by opening a slot with a preset shape on the surface of the outer conductor by a coaxial transmission line, is positioned in the middle of the feed balun and is integrated with the feed balun.
Furthermore, the feed ports are respectively an SMA type interface and an N type interface, are positioned on two sides of the antenna radiator and are integrated with the antenna radiator.
Further, the gradual change curve of the inner conductor of the feed balun is selected from an exponential expression as follows: y = exand-L/2 is more than or equal to x and less than or equal to L/2, and the gradual change coaxial transmission line inner conductor can be obtained by rotating with the x axis as the central axis, wherein L is the length of the feed balun.
Further, the coaxial line outer conductor shape satisfies the expression: y = ± S/2, x = ± W/2, z = h, and 0 ≦ R ≦ h/2, where S is a gap distance of an aperture of the antenna radiator, W is a width of the antenna radiator, and R is a radius of the taken hemisphere.
Further, the antenna radiator structure optimization function satisfies the expression: y = ± (W/2-W/2) x/(s/2-A/2), x = ± s/2, z = ± s ± (A/2-s/2), wherein W is the width of the narrow side of the antenna radiator, W is the width of the wide side of the antenna radiator, A is the height of the antenna radiator, and s is the gap of the antenna radiator.
Has the advantages that: because the combination mode of the optimization function and the structure control optimization factor function is adopted to carry out beam width design on the antenna and improve the gain of the antenna, the corresponding parameters can be adjusted according to different technical requirements, and the requirements of corresponding wide beams and high gain can be met. Meanwhile, the design has a miniaturized structure and broadband, wide beam and high-gain radiation characteristics, and can be conveniently transplanted to a related weapon platform for use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the coaxial transmission line directional antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the working principle equivalent diagram of the directional antenna of coaxial transmission line of the present invention.
Fig. 3a-3b are diagrams illustrating the structure of the directional antenna of the present invention, wherein fig. 3a is a side view of the directional antenna of the coaxial transmission line, and fig. 3b is a top view of the directional antenna of the coaxial transmission line.
Fig. 4 shows the voltage standing wave ratio of the coaxial transmission line directional antenna of the present invention at 0.7 GHz-1.6 GHz.
Fig. 5a-5c are the typical polar gain directional diagram of the coaxial transmission line directional antenna 4 unit array of the present invention, wherein, fig. 5a is the gain directional diagram of the coaxial transmission line directional antenna at Freq =0.7GHz horizontal plane and pitching plane, fig. 5b is the gain directional diagram of the coaxial transmission line directional antenna at Freq =1.09GHz horizontal plane and pitching plane, and fig. 5c is the gain directional diagram of the coaxial transmission line directional antenna at Freq =1.6GHz horizontal plane and pitching plane.
The figures are numbered: feed balun 1, reflector 2, antenna radiator 3.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment provides a coaxial transmission line directional aerial.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3a-3b, the directional antenna of coaxial transmission line according to the embodiment of the present invention is composed of a feeding balun 1, an antenna reflection plate 2, and an antenna radiator 3; the feeding balun 1 is composed of a gradual change coaxial transmission line, is connected with the antenna radiator 3 and an external interface, and has the feeding function and the impedance transformation function; the antenna reflector 2 is formed by a three-dimensional shape formed by tangency of a coaxial line outer conductor of a preset deformation structure and a hemisphere with the radius of R, and controls the specific radiation of the antenna under the coaction with the antenna radiator 3 so that the antenna reflector has a directional beam shape; the antenna radiator 3 is formed by a coaxial transmission line and a slot with a preset shape is formed on the surface of an outer conductor, and is used for forming an antenna electromagnetic wave radiation field mode, and determining the shape, the beam width and the like of an antenna radiation directional diagram through the mode conversion function with a free space.
In a further embodiment, the feeding balun 1 has two feeding ports, which are an SMA-type interface and an N-type interface, respectively, and is located on two sides of the antenna radiator 3 and integrated with the antenna radiator 3; the antenna radiator 3 is positioned in the middle of the feed balun 1 and is integrated with the feed balun 1, and the antenna reflecting plate 2 is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the antenna radiator 3 and is fixedly connected with the antenna radiator 3 through screws; surrounding the bottom side of the antenna radiator 3.
In a further embodiment, as shown in fig. 3a-3b, to ensure the antenna has broadband characteristics, the feeding balun 1 coaxial line is designed according to the concept of inner conductor step change. The step transformation abrupt structure of the inner conductor can bring discontinuity, the distribution state of electric field force lines at the discontinuity can be distorted, the force lines are concentrated, and a longitudinal component appears, namely a higher-order mode must appear near the step. Therefore, in order to solve the mismatch caused by the discontinuity, the inner conductor is implemented by adopting the scheme of the gradual change line of the inner conductor, so that the mismatch can be increasedThe wide frequency band does not cause the converter to be oversized. The gradual change curve adopts an exponential expression, namely the gradual change curve is shown by the following formula: y = exand-L/2 is more than or equal to x and less than or equal to L/2, the formula rotates by taking the x axis as a central axis, and the gradually-changed coaxial transmission line inner conductor can be obtained. Wherein L is the length of the feeding balun 1. The value of the feed balun can be calculated by means of commercial electromagnetic field simulation software AnsysHFSS, a three-dimensional feed balun structure model is established in a software simulation environment, electromagnetic field boundary conditions are set in software by combining a finite element calculation electromagnetic algorithm, and therefore the optimal parameters of the feed balun 1 can be calculated.
In a further embodiment, as shown in fig. 3a-3b, in order to ensure the characteristics of bandwidth, directional radiation and low profile of the antenna, the geometric structure of the antenna needs to be given according to the following optimization function, and the optimization function enables the profile of the conventional antenna to be reduced, thereby being beneficial to improving the concealment and directional radiation efficiency of the direction finding antenna. The geometry is given according to its specific structural optimization function. Specifically, commercial electromagnetic field simulation software Ansys HFSS can be used for calculation, a 3-dimensional antenna structure model is established according to a given optimization function in a software simulation environment, an electromagnetic algorithm is calculated by combining finite elements of the commercial electromagnetic field simulation software Ansys HFSS, and electromagnetic field boundary conditions are set in software to meet the electromagnetic environment conditions of the actual antenna, so that the optimal parameters of the antenna reflector 2 can be calculated. The coaxial cable is formed by a three-dimensional shape formed by tangency of a coaxial outer conductor of a preset deformation structure and a hemisphere with a radius R, and the expression of a structure control optimization factor function meeting the shape of the coaxial outer conductor is as follows: y = ± S/2, x = ± W/2, z = h, 0 ≦ R ≦ h/2. Wherein S is a gap distance of the opening of the antenna reflector 2, W is a width of the antenna reflector 2, and R is a radius of the hemisphere, and the specific value can be determined by a result of simulation optimization of electromagnetic simulation software Ansys HFSS.
In a further embodiment, as shown in fig. 3a-3b, in order to ensure the characteristics of bandwidth, wide beam and low profile of the antenna, a slot with a specific shape and size is opened at the center of the coaxial line according to the excitation mode of the coaxial transmission line under the condition of simultaneously feeding with two excitation ports, so that the electromagnetic wave can be radiated to the free space. According to the given optimization function, the geometric structure of the antenna can be obtained, the optimization function enables the section of the traditional antenna to be reduced, and particularly, commercial electromagnetic field simulation software Ansys HFSS can be used for calculation. The expression of the structure optimization function is as follows: y = (W/2-W/2) X/(s/2-A/2), X = +/-s/2, z = +/-s ± (A/2-s/2), and a three-dimensional structure formed by rotating around the Y axis along a plane surrounded by the X axis. Wherein W is the width of the narrow side of the antenna radiator 3, W is the width of the wide side of the antenna radiator 3, a is the height of the antenna radiator 3, and s is the gap of the antenna radiator 3, and the specific value can be determined by the result of simulation optimization of Ansys HFSS by electromagnetic simulation software.
In a further embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the voltage standing wave ratio of the interference antenna in the operating frequency band is 0.7GHz to 1.6GHz, so that it can be seen that the characteristic of the broadband of the direction finding reconnaissance antenna is realized.
In a further embodiment, as shown in fig. 5a-5c, the azimuth beam width is generally required to be wide for the direction finding antenna, and no special requirements are made for the pitch beam width. It can be seen from fig. 5a, 5b and 5c that the 3dB beam width of the E-plane is greater than 130 °, which realizes the requirement of wide beam; it can be seen from fig. 5a, 5b, and 5c that in the wide beam range where the 3dB beam width is greater than 130 °, the gain of the antenna is gradually increased with the increase of the array unit, so that the design scheme has strong flexibility, and the requirement of various platforms for high gain of the antenna is easily met.
In a further embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a directional antenna of coaxial transmission line operates on the principle: the working process is reciprocal. Taking electromagnetic wave emission as an example, the electromagnetic wave enters the feed balun 1 through an external interface, the antenna radiator 3 is communicated through an inner conductor of the feed balun 1, the electromagnetic wave forms surface current, namely field mode distribution, on the surfaces of the antenna radiator 3 and the antenna reflector 2, because the feed balun 1 adopts a coaxial transmission line excitation mode, the excitation state is in a TEM fundamental mode state, and because the antenna radiator 3 is composed of an open part of a coaxial transmission line, the radiation field is in a superposition state of the TEM fundamental mode and a higher order mode, the dependence of the radiation field on an azimuth angle is caused, the polarization of the field is in a vertical direction, which is consistent with the polarization requirement of an electronic countermeasure hostile identification direction-finding reconnaissance system on the direction-finding reconnaissance antenna, and the direction-finding reconnaissance antenna completes electromagnetic radiation.
In summary, with the aid of the technical solution of the present invention, by designing a directional antenna of coaxial transmission line, it is possible to realize that one antenna covers UHF and L bands, having broadband characteristics, and solving the disadvantages of the prior art that there are frequency bands and multiple antennas; due to the adoption of the low-profile technology, the antenna has the characteristics of light weight, good concealment property and convenience in antenna installation; the coaxial transmission line technology is adopted, so that the design idea of the antenna is simplified, the structural design of the antenna is integrated, and the design cost of the antenna is greatly saved; due to the adoption of the broadband low-profile weapon platform, the utility model has the advantages of convenient use and convenient transplantation to the relevant weapon platforms.
As mentioned above, although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the invention itself. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A directional antenna for a coaxial transmission line, comprising:
the feed balun is composed of a gradient coaxial transmission line and is connected with the antenna radiator and the external interface;
the antenna reflecting plate is formed by a three-dimensional shape formed by tangency of a coaxial line outer conductor of a preset deformation structure and a hemisphere, and the shape of the coaxial line outer conductor meets the following requirements: y = ± S/2, x = ± W/2, z = h, and 0 ≦ R ≦ h/2, where S is a gap distance of an aperture of the antenna radiator, W is a width of the antenna radiator, and R is a radius of the taken hemisphere;
the antenna radiator is formed by opening a slot with a predetermined shape on the surface of the outer conductor by a coaxial transmission line.
2. The directional antenna of coaxial transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the feeding balun has two feeding ports, and the inner conductor gradient curve of the feeding balun satisfies: y = exand-L/2 is more than or equal to x and less than or equal to L/2, wherein L is the length of the feed balun, and the gradual change coaxial transmission line inner conductor can be obtained by rotating with the x axis as the central axis.
3. The coaxial transmission line directional antenna of claim 2, wherein the feed ports are respectively an SMA-type interface and an N-type interface, located on both sides of the antenna radiator, and are self-integrated with the antenna radiator.
4. The coaxial transmission line directional antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna radiator is located at a middle position of the feeding balun and is self-integrated with the feeding balun.
5. The coaxial transmission line directional antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna reflection plate is installed at a bottom side of the antenna radiator and fixed to the antenna radiator by a screw to surround the bottom side of the antenna radiator.
6. The coaxial transmission line directional antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna radiator structure optimization function satisfies: y = ± (W/2-W/2) x/(s/2-A/2), x = ± s/2, z = ± s ± (A/2-s/2), wherein W is the width of the narrow side of the antenna radiator, W is the width of the wide side of the antenna radiator, A is the height of the antenna radiator, and s is the gap of the antenna radiator.
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| CN201920482222.XU CN209822869U (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2019-04-11 | Coaxial transmission line directional antenna |
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| CN201920482222.XU CN209822869U (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2019-04-11 | Coaxial transmission line directional antenna |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113794046A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-14 | 成都世源频控技术股份有限公司 | Disc cone communication antenna capable of beam forming |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113794046A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-14 | 成都世源频控技术股份有限公司 | Disc cone communication antenna capable of beam forming |
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