CN113790914B - Water saving rate calculation method for condensation type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower - Google Patents
Water saving rate calculation method for condensation type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
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- G—PHYSICS
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- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water saving rate calculation method of a condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower, which comprises the following three parts: firstly, testing an air parameter of a tower inlet, an air parameter above a dehydrator and an air parameter above a hot channel of a defogging module, calculating air moisture content through the air parameter, calculating average moisture content of each test point through the air moisture content, and calculating the water saving rate of the cooling tower through the average moisture content. The method is used for examining the water-saving effect of the condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower through the change of the moisture content of the air, has clear meaning and is feasible, the water-saving rate of the condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower under different working conditions can be calculated, the knowledge of a water-saving rate test is improved, the water-saving effect of the condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower can be directly evaluated on site, and the essence of the method is the ratio of the recovered water quantity to the evaporated water quantity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cooling towers, and particularly relates to a water saving rate calculation method of a condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower.
Background
With the continuous enhancement of environmental protection consciousness and water conservation consciousness of people, the condensation type defogging water conservation cooling tower is continuously applied in China in recent years, but technical product performances of different manufacturers are uneven, and relevant standards of a water conservation rate testing method of the condensation type defogging water conservation cooling tower are not formulated in China. The traditional direct measurement method of water saving quantity by a specially arranged water receiving device and a specially arranged flow measuring device needs to be specially designed in the installation stage of the cooling tower, the installation cost is increased, the technical difficulty is high, and part of the collected circulating water quantity is the drift loss of the cooling tower, has a certain measurement error and has a certain disjoint with the practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a water saving rate calculating method of a condensing type defogging water saving cooling tower, so as to solve the technical problem of high installation cost of the cooling tower in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
1. the water saving rate calculating method of the condensing type defogging water saving cooling tower is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, a third measuring point is arranged outside an air inlet to measure air parameters entering a tower, a first measuring point is arranged above a water remover to measure air parameters above the water remover, and a second measuring point is arranged above a defogging module to measure air parameters above a thermal channel of the defogging module;
step 2, calculating the average moisture content of the air at each measuring point through air parameters;
and 3, calculating the water saving rate through the average moisture content of the air entering the tower, the average moisture content of the air above the dehydrator and the average moisture content of the air above the hot channel of the defogging module.
The invention further improves that:
preferably, the third measuring points are arranged outside the air inlets, and two third measuring points are arranged outside the air inlets on each side.
Preferably, a third measuring point is arranged at 1/4 and 3/4 of the outer width direction of each side air inlet, the horizontal distance between each third measuring point and the air inlet where the third measuring point is positioned is 3m, and the vertical height between each third measuring point and the ground is 2m.
Preferably, a plane 0.5m above the upper surface of the dehydrator is a first measurement plane, 9 measurement units with equal areas are equally divided into the first measurement plane, the measurement units are square or rectangular, and a first measurement point is arranged at the center point of each measurement unit.
Preferably, the cooling tower is internally provided with N rows of fog dispersal modules, each row of fog dispersal modules comprises three units with equal length along the length direction, and a second measuring point is arranged at a position 0.1m above the center of each unit.
Preferably, the air parameters include atmospheric pressure, dry bulb temperature, and wet bulb temperature.
Preferably, in step 2, the air moisture content of each test point is calculated by combining the atmospheric pressure, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature with the industrial cooling tower test procedure.
Preferably, in step 2, the average moisture content of the first measurement point is d 1m The average moisture content of the second measurement point is d 2m The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein V is 1-i For measuring the wind speed of a point ρ DA1-i To measure the density of the spot dry air d 1-i For measuring the spot air moisture content, n is the number of measuring spots.
Preferably, the average moisture content of the third measurement points is the average of the moisture contents of all the third measurement points.
Preferably, in step 3, the calculation formula of the water saving rate is:
η ws ＝(d 1m -d 2m )/(d 1m -d 3m )。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a water saving rate calculation method of a condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower, which comprises the following three parts: firstly, testing an air parameter of a tower inlet, an air parameter above a dehydrator and an air parameter above a hot channel of a defogging module, calculating air moisture content through the air parameter, calculating average moisture content of each test point through the air moisture content, and calculating the water saving rate of the cooling tower through the average moisture content. The method is used for examining the water-saving effect of the condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower through the change of the moisture content of the air, has clear meaning and is feasible, the water-saving rate of the condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower under different working conditions can be calculated, the knowledge of a water-saving rate test is improved, the water-saving effect of the condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower can be directly evaluated on site, and the essence of the method is the ratio of the recovered water quantity to the evaporated water quantity. Can be used for comparing the water-saving performance of the fog-removing water-saving cooling tower under different meteorological conditions and no operating condition. The water saving rate test method has operability, the water saving rate test is directly carried out by arranging the measuring points on the industrial site, no additional operation is needed in the early stage of installation of the condensation type defogging water saving cooling tower, the water saving rate of the condensation type defogging water saving cooling tower installed on the industrial site can be directly evaluated, and the test level is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the station arrangement of a condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower.
Wherein 1-a first measurement point; 2-a second measurement point; 3-a third measurement point; 4-a dehydrator; 5-a water distribution system; 6-water spraying filler; 7-a cooling tower; 8-a water collecting tank; 9-a defogging module;
wherein (1), (2) and (3) respectively represent the relative positions of the air parameter above the dehydrator, the air parameter above the hot channel of the defogging module and the tower inlet air parameter test point.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixed or removable, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention discloses a method for calculating the water saving rate of a condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower, which is based on equipment shown in the following figure 1, and comprises a cooling tower 7, a water collecting tank 8, a defogging module 9, a dehydrator 4, a water distribution system 5 and a water spraying filler 6; the cooling tower 7 is arranged above the water collecting tank 8, the bottom of the cooling tower 7 is provided with a water spraying filler 6, the water spraying filler 6 is arranged above the water collecting tank 8, the water distribution system 5 is arranged above the water spraying filler 6, the water remover 4 is arranged above the water distribution system 5, and the defogging module 9 is arranged above the water remover 4. Based on the structure, the method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensing type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower comprises the following steps:
(1) And testing the air parameters of the tower inlet, the air parameters above the dehydrator and the air parameters above the hot channel of the defogging module.
a. The third measuring points 3 of the air parameters of the tower inlet comprise two air inlets which are mirror symmetry, namely a left air inlet and a right air inlet, the third measuring points 3 are arranged at 1/4 and 3/4 of the width direction of each air inlet, specifically, the horizontal distance from each third measuring point 3 to the air inlet where the third measuring point is positioned is 3m, the vertical distance from the height of each third measuring point 3 to the ground is 2m, and therefore 4 third measuring points 3 are arranged. The tower inlet air parameters at each third measuring point 3 comprise atmospheric pressure, dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature, and the atmospheric pressure, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are taken as initial parameters, and the air density and the moisture content are calculated through industrial cooling tower test rules.
b. The method comprises the steps of setting a plane 0.5m above the upper surface of a condensation type defogging water-saving cooling tower dehydrator 4 as a first measuring plane, dividing the upper part of the first measuring plane into 9 measuring units with equal areas, wherein each measuring unit is square or rectangular, setting a first measuring point 1 in each measuring unit and used for measuring air parameters above the dehydrator 4, wherein the first measuring points 1 are 9, the air parameters above the dehydrator 4 measured by each first measuring point 1 comprise atmospheric pressure, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and air flow rate, taking the atmospheric pressure, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature as initial parameters, and calculating air density and moisture content through industrial cooling tower test rules.
c. Be provided with N row's defogging module 9 in cooling tower 7, the defogging module 9 divide into 3 parts that the distance is equal according to length direction with every heat extraction air passage, sets up second measurement point 2 in the top of the central point of every part, and every second measurement point 2 is located the high 0.1m department of defogging module hot air passage exit direction, consequently is provided with 3N second measurement points 2 in every cooling tower 7. The air parameters above the hot channel of the defogging module at the second measuring point 2 comprise atmospheric pressure, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and air flow velocity, and the air density and the moisture content are calculated through industrial cooling tower test rules by taking the atmospheric pressure, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature as initial parameters.
(2) Calculating air parameters of each part, and calculating the weighted average moisture content of the air, wherein the weighted average moisture content of the mass flow of the air above the dehydrator is d 1m The mass flow weighted average moisture content of the air above the hot channel of the defogging module is d 2m Average moisture content of the inlet airIn an amount d 3m . According to the atmospheric pressure, the dry ball temperature and the wet ball temperature obtained by measuring the position points, the air density and the moisture content corresponding to each measuring point can be calculated according to a calculation formula in the industry cooling tower test procedure (DL/T1027-2006) of the electric power industry standard of the people's republic of China.
Weighted average moisture content d by mass flow of air over the dehydrator 1m The calculation is exemplified as follows: sequentially calculating the air moisture content d of each position point according to the test parameters 1-1 ～d 1-9 And dry air density ρ DA1-1 ～ρ DA1-9 The wind speed of the test point is recorded as V 1-1 ～V 1-9 ，d 1m From the following componentsAnd (5) calculating.
Mass flow weighted average moisture content d of air above thermal channel of defogging module 2m Calculation and d 1m Similarly.
The average moisture content of the inlet air is d 3m The calculation process is as follows: the air moisture content d of four position points (the left and right air inlets are divided, so 4 measuring points are added) is calculated by the air parameters of the measuring points at 1/4 and 3/4 positions in the width direction of the air inlet of the condensation type defogging water-saving cooling tower 3-1 ～d 3-4 ，d 3m From d 3-1 ～d 3-4 Arithmetic mean of (2)And (5) calculating.
(3) And (3) calculating the water saving rate of the condensation type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower: η (eta) ws ＝(d 1m -d 2m )/(d 1m -d 3m )。
The working principle and theoretical basis of the invention are as follows:
(1) The condensation type fog-removing water-saving cooling tower is introduced with water saving rate.
A condensing type defogging water-saving cooling tower is characterized in that a plate-type cross gas-gas heat exchanger defogging module is arranged in a gas chamber on a water receiver of the cooling tower, and different channels are designed to enable hot and humid air in the tower and dry and cold air outside the tower to perform wall-type heat exchange in the air chamber. After the wet and hot air which is nearly saturated in the tower passes through the defogging module, the temperature is reduced, and part of water vapor is condensed into liquid water to flow back into the cooling tower again, so that the aim of saving water is fulfilled; the temperature of the dry and cold air outside the tower is increased and the relative humidity is reduced after passing through the defogging module. The air inside and outside the tower is mixed after passing through the defogging module, the relative humidity of the air discharged from the tower is reduced by the mixed air, and the white fog is not easy to form at the outlet of the tower, so that the purpose of defogging is achieved.
From the water-saving working principle of the condensation type defogging water-saving cooling tower, the saturated hot and humid air in the tower after heat exchange by the filler is cooled mainly by introducing cold air outside the tower, so that the saturated hot and humid air reaches a supersaturated state, water vapor in the hot and humid air is condensed, the condensed water vapor flows back into the cooling tower again, the purpose of saving water is realized, and the water-saving amount is the change of the moisture content of the hot and humid air in the tower after passing through the condensation module. The water loss of the circulating water is mainly caused by evaporation and heat dissipation, and the water loss is the moisture content increase value caused by heat mass exchange of the air outside the tower and the circulating water, namely the difference between the moisture content of the hot and humid air above the dehydrator in the tower and the moisture content of the air entering the tower. The water saving effect can be obtained through the ratio of the backwater water quantity to the lost water quantity, namely the calculation method of the water saving rate.
The method comprehensively considers the air parameters in the cooling tower and the air parameters outside the cooling tower, can evaluate the water-saving effect of the condensation type defogging water-saving cooling tower under different meteorological parameters, is visual and accurate representation of the water-saving effect, enriches the water-saving performance test theory of the condensation type defogging water-saving cooling tower, has operability in the test, is used for evaluating the water-saving rate performance of different condensation type defogging water-saving cooling towers, and promotes the improvement of the water-saving performance of the condensation type defogging water-saving cooling tower.
Examples
Firstly, testing the air parameters of the tower inlet, the air parameters above the dehydrator and the air parameters above the hot channel of the defogging module. Calculating the air parameters of each part to calculate the weighted average moisture content of the air, wherein the weighted average moisture content of the mass flow of the air above the dehydrator is d 1m Mass flow of air over a thermal tunnel of an anti-fog moduleA weight-average moisture content of d 2m The average moisture content of the inlet air is d 3m . In this embodiment, the condensation type defogging water-saving cooling tower has a water saving rate eta ws ＝(d 1m -d 2m )/(d 1m -d 3m )＝(0.02965-0.02399)/(0.02965-0.00405)×100％＝22.1％。
Table 1 measurements of examples
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The water saving rate calculating method of the condensing type defogging water saving cooling tower is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, a third measuring point (3) is arranged outside an air inlet to measure air parameters entering a tower, a first measuring point (1) is arranged above a water remover (4) to measure air parameters above the water remover (4), and a second measuring point (2) is arranged above a defogging module (9) to measure air parameters above a thermal channel of the defogging module (9);
step 2, calculating the average moisture content of the air at each measuring point through air parameters;
the first measurement point (1) has an average moisture content ofd 1m The average moisture content of the second measurement point (2) isd 2m The calculation formula of the average moisture content is as follows:（1）
wherein,for measuring the wind speed of a point +.>To measure the density of the spot dry air, +.>For measuring the air moisture content of the points, n is the number of the measuring points;
the average moisture content of the third measurement point (3)d 3m Is the average value of the moisture content of all third measuring points (3);
step 3, calculating the water saving rate through the average moisture content of the air entering the tower, the average moisture content of the air above the dehydrator (4) and the average moisture content of the air above the hot channel of the defogging module (9);
the water saving rate has the following calculation formula:
η ws =(d 1m -d 2m )/(d 1m -d 3m )。
2. the method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensation type defogging water saving cooling tower according to claim 1, wherein the third measuring points (3) are arranged outside the air inlet, and two third measuring points (3) are arranged outside each side air inlet.
3. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensation type defogging water saving cooling tower according to claim 2, wherein a third measuring point (3) is respectively arranged at 1/4 and 3/4 of the outer width direction of each side air inlet, the horizontal distance between each third measuring point (3) and the air inlet where the third measuring point is positioned is 3m, and the vertical height between each third measuring point and the ground is 2m.
4. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensation type defogging water saving cooling tower according to claim 1, wherein a plane 0.5m above the upper surface of the water eliminator (4) is a first measuring plane, 9 measuring units with equal areas are equally divided into the first measuring plane, the measuring units are square or rectangular, and a first measuring point (1) is arranged at the center point of each measuring unit.
5. The method for calculating the water saving rate of the condensation type defogging water-saving cooling tower according to claim 1, wherein the cooling tower (7) is internally provided with N rows of defogging modules (9), each row of defogging modules (9) comprises three equal-length units along the length direction, and a second measuring point (2) is arranged at a position 0.1m above the center of each unit.
6. The method of calculating a water conservation rate of a condensation type defogging water conservation cooling tower of claim 1, wherein the air parameters comprise an atmospheric pressure, a dry bulb temperature and a wet bulb temperature.
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